Oklahoma Research: Projects, Research Publications, Presentations, Thesis and Dissertations, Technical Publications

Oklahoma Research Activities

Mountain lion from Oklahoma panhandle observed from a camera trap.

A core part of our mission, scientists at the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit conduct research that aid in the conservation and management of natural resources.

Projects

Project	Completion Date
Assessment of the Invasion of the Asian Swamp Eels in the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area	December 2018	The objective of this agreement is to support the study of an invasive fish species, Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus) that occurs adjacent to and within management boundaries of Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CRNRA). CRNRA manages, protects, and interprets the biota and landscape of the Chattahoochee River corridor and the Asian Swamp Eel is an invasive species that threatens the resources essential to the purposes of the park. Working with state and non-federal partners, this project will assess the invasion extent and reproduction-emigration potential of this species at CRNRA.	The objective of this agreement is to support the study of an invasive fish species, Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus) that occurs adjacent to and within management boundaries of Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CRNRA). CRNRA manages, protects, and interprets the biota and landscape of the Chattahoochee River corridor and the Asian Swamp Eel is an invasive species that threatens the resources essential to the purposes of the park. Working with state and non-federal partners, this project will assess the invasion extent and reproduction-emigration potential of this species at CRNRA. Having these results will enable NPS managers to conserve the natural resources under their management.
Biotic and abiotic factors related to persistence of a federally-threatened cyprinid	May 2016	The goal of this project is to examine local abiotic and biotic factors that affect the persistence of a federally-threatened fish species of the Great Plains.	None
Understanding the impacts of surface-groundwater conditions on stream fishes under altered base-flow conditions	May 2018	Persistence of aquatic fauna depends on the conditions and connectivity of surface water and groundwater. In light of altered baseflows and the resultant increases in stream temperatures, it is important to assess current conditions, examine fitness of aquatic fauna, and evaluate water-management practices. This project is a collaboration between the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Our study objectives are to determine 1) how changes in baseflow levels in the Kiamichi River influence hyporheic exchange, which correspondingly influences temperature at the reach scale; 2) temperature tolerances of stream fishes as a means to predicting how habitat complexity influences the fitness of stream-fish populations; 3) assess how dam releases influence the downstream temperature and dissolved oxygen regime during the low-flow period. We used the WASP model to predict downstream temperature in response to hypothetical reservoir releases (0.00, 0.34, 0.59, 0.76, 1.13, and 1.50 m3/s) of water at three temperatures (27.64°C, 26.00°C and 24.07°C) corresponding to release location from the dam. We compared predicted temperature time series with critical thermal maxima to quantify cumulative time when stream fishes experienced severe thermal stress downstream from Sardis Reservoir. The reduction rates of thermal stress against that of the control were calculated to quantify the cooling effect of each release scenario. Results from this project will provide the state agency with information on how water releases affect fish populations downriver and possible options for providing cooler water downriver of the dam.	Persistence of aquatic fauna depends on the conditions and connectivity of surface water and groundwater. In light of altered baseflows and the resultant increases in stream temperatures, it is important to assess current conditions, examine fitness of aquatic fauna, and evaluate water-management practices. This project is a collaboration between the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Our study objectives are to determine 1) how changes in baseflow levels in the Kiamichi River influence hyporheic exchange, which correspondingly influences temperature at the reach scale; 2) temperature tolerances of stream fishes as a means to predicting how habitat complexity influences the fitness of stream-fish populations; 3) assess how dam releases influence the downstream temperature and dissolved oxygen regime during the low-flow period. We used the WASP model to predict downstream temperature in response to hypothetical reservoir releases (0.00, 0.34, 0.59, 0.76, 1.13, and 1.50 m3/s) of water at three temperatures (27.64°C, 26.00°C and 24.07°C) corresponding to release location from the dam. We compared predicted temperature time series with critical thermal maxima to quantify cumulative time when stream fishes experienced severe thermal stress downstream from Sardis Reservoir. The reduction rates of thermal stress against that of the control were calculated to quantify the cooling effect of each release scenario. Results from this project will provide the state agency with information on how water releases affect fish populations downriver and possible options for providing cooler water downriver of the dam.
Using environmental DNA (eDNA) to assess the presence of cave-fish and crayfish populations in caves of the Ozark Highlands	December 2018	The goal of the project is to use eDNA to verify presence of cave organisms while developing the foundation for monitoring methods that may be used in the future to documenting abundance. The proposed project will support recovery and monitoring efforts of the FWS and various conservation partners and help inform conservation decisions.	Several cave species are also known to occur within the Ozark region including several federally-listed endangered or petitioned species. The distribution and abundance of these cave crayfish are largely unknown: some species are thought to be very rare and endemic to only one or a few caves. Our research investigates new techniques for studying cave fish and cave crayfish populations in the Ozark Highlands ecoregion of Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. Our objective is to assess the usefulness of environmental DNA sampling to determine the presence of these rare cave fauna. This project is a collaborative effort across multiple agencies including the Missouri Department of Conservation, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, The Nature Conservancy, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (funding agency), and The U.S. Forest Service. We will develop a model using our results to determine detection probability of traditional cave surveys along with use of eDNA. We will also provide surveillance of more than 30 caves, springs, and wells across the area that should provide useful information to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and partner agencies to base protection and recovery actions.
Reevaluation of the status of black bears in southeastern Oklahoma	June 2018	Fifteen years ago, we studied the ecology of recolonizing black bears in southeastern Oklahoma. The current effort is designed to reevluate the population's status relative to the initiation of a black bear hunting season, 5 years ago. Result will assist in the ongoing management of black bears in Oklahoma.	None
Fine-scale genetic structuring of American paddlefish populations in Oklahoma	June 2015	The project will assess genetic integrity and esimate gene flow among reservoir populations of paddlefish in Oklahoma.	Paddlefish (<i>Polyodon spathula</i>) is a large-bodied, riverine fish native to lthe Mississippi River basin, including the Arkansas River basin and Red River basin of Oklahoma. In Oklahoma, paddlefish support some of the states most valuable recreational fisheries. However, because paddlefish migrate upstream for spawning, the building of dams and reservoirs has fragmented their populations. This research was a collaboration with Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation biologists to estimate the effect of fragmentation on paddlefish genetics and to define management units based on those results. Three major major management units were defined based on these results: Oologah-Grand River, Keystone-Arkansas, and Red River, with major mixing areas occurring at the junction of the Grand River and Arkansas River. These results will be used to help refine paddlefish management goals within the state while continuing to maintain quality fisheries.
Evaluating the effects of shallow-water habitat on age-0 Scaphirhynchus sp prey use and condition	December 2016	The purpose of this study is to assess and compare resource use (prey) of sturgeon that have been collected from reaches representing areas that meet or exceed targets of shallow-water habitat (SWH) and areas with little SWH. A primary hypothesized benefit of SWH is that increased prey items are present and resulting in improved condition of young-of-year sturgeon.	Loss of habitat in the Missouri River has been identified as one of the likely contributing factors in the decline of pallid sturgeon populations. Operating under a Biological Opinion, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is responsible for restoring shallow-water habitat (SWH) thought to benefit pallid sturgeon. We assessed prey use and body condition (via lipid content) of young-of-year shovelnose sturgeon, a surrogate for rare pallid sturgeon, using fish collected from reaches representing areas that meet or exceed BiOp targets of SWH in comparison to areas with little SWH. Working in collaboration with USACE, we found that differences in prey weight and lipid content did not necessarily correspond to differences in shallow-water habitat availability, but, instead, was more variable among years. As a result, USACE biologists are using these findings to update their evaluation of shallow-water habitat restoration efforts, and are exploring other hypotheses that may lead to better conservation targets for this species.
Assessing flow ecology hypotheses with an emphasis on the Arbuckle Mountains	May 2016	The proposed project will develop and test flow-ecology hypotheses, and examine stream temperature changes that may occur with flow alterations and would have an obvious fitness consequence for stream fishes.	None
GIS Position for range-wide lesser prairie chicken spatial targeting tool for conservation delivery	March 2014	This project will expand upon the first version of the SGP-CHAT and create a more robust spatial planning tool (SPT) for directing conservation of the lesser prairie chicken (LPC). This tool is a critical component for agency conservation planning, and it is a necessity that agencies delivering conservation for LPC work from the same source data for maximum benefit of the species and its surrounding ecosystem.	None
Assess genetic integrity, population status, and long-term viability of isolated populations of shoal bass in the upper Chattahoochee River	December 2017	This project supports the conservation of an endemic fish species, shoal bass, in the upper Chattahoochee River including Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area.	The Shoal Bass, a sport fish endemic to the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River (ACF) basin, is a fluvial-specialist species considered vulnerable to local extirpations and extinction due to habitat fragmentation and introgression with non-native congeners. We examined the genetic integrity, population status, and long-term viability of the Shoal Bass populations in Big Creek, a tributary to the Chattahoochee River, populations that occur above Lake Lanier in the Chestatee River and Chattahoochee River. Together, these populations comprise a distinct genetic stock in the upper Chattahoochee River basin. This work was conducted in collaboration with the National Park Service at Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, and Georgia Power and will provide useful information for conserving the stocks of Shoal Bass in the upper basin. Moreover, this work will be used to aid conservation of the species throughout its natural range as these endemic black bass species have become of interest to managers throughout the southeastern US.
Testing flow-ecology hypotheses in the southern Great Plains	June 2013	The objective of this project is to match existing fish-collection data and gage data using a standard format and then test theoretical flow-ecology hypotheses. The outcome of the project will be 1) quantitative support for hypotheses, 2) identification of data needs to adequately test hypotheses, and 3) idnetification of monitoring needs to support the biological aspects of environmental flows.	None
Developing standard and efficient methods for sampling fish in Oklahoma streams	December 2016	This project will determine a proper stream sampling protocol, including an evaluation of sampling efficiency and bias, to support the collection of scientifically-defensible monitoring data to support environmental-flow standards.	None
THE EFFECTS OF WATER QUANTITY ON WATER QUALITY AND FISH COMMUNITY COMPOSITION IN THE UPPER CIMARRON RIVER, OKLAHOMA	December 2014	The Cimarron River flows 1,117 km from its origin in northeastern New Mexico to its confluence with the Arkansas River at the Keystone Reservoir in Oklahoma. The majority of this distance flows through Oklahoma, but there are brief forays into Colorado and Kansas. The Cimarron has been described as a large, undammed river, but closer inspection reveals that this statement is not entirely valid. Between the years of 1893-1905, in what would become Harper County, Oklahoma, the Settler’s Milling Canal and Reservoir Company dug a 22.53 km long irrigation canal that irrigated nearly 6000 acres of land for farming. The canal is typically 3.66 meters wide at the base and nears 18.29 meters feet wide at its banks. To feed this irrigation canal, an earthen dam was constructed that diverts the entire surface flow of the Cimarron River to the Old Settler’s Irrigation Canal. We are investigating fish species diversity among sections of the river as they differ in water quantity and quality as a result of the diversion.	The Cimarron River flows 1,117 km from its origin in northeastern New Mexico to its confluence with the Arkansas River at the Keystone Reservoir in Oklahoma. The Cimarron has been described as a large, undammed river, except for a 22.53 km long irrigation canal that was dug for farming. To feed this canal, an earthen dam is constructed seasonally to divert the flow. Working with the US Fish and Wildlife Service's office in Tulsa, we are investigating the fish species diversity among sections of the river as they differ in water quantity and quality as a result of the diversion. The effect of flow (i.e., water quantity) was the main driver of fish community, with more fish species present in areas with more and sustained water. These results demonstrate how flow alterations impact the fish communities in large rivers of the Great Plains.
Validation of daily increment formation in otoliths of alligator gar	December 2014	Little work has been done on daily age of alligator gar, although the ability to estimate a variety of life history parameters (hatch, growth, mortality) is contingent upon this. We are using known age fish raised in a hatchery to validate the timing of the formation of the first ring, validation of daily ring formation, and the maximum age at which daily ages are valid.	Alligator Gar (<i>Atractosteus spatula)</i> is a species of conservation concern across North America and understanding its early-life history is important for management and conservation. Using a combination of tools to identify the otoliths and accurately count daily rings, we worked with the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and US Fish and Wildlife staff at Tishomingo National Fish Hatchery to raise known-age Alligator Gar and estimate their age. The best otolith for accurately estimating age was the lapillus, although results from the sagitta were also highly predictive. From this study, we were able to accurately age young-of year Alligator Gar through 91 days after hatch. These results are useful for helping to understand the early life history of Alligator Gar and are being used throughout the southeastern US where the species naturally occurs.
Resilience of fish communities to extreme drought	December 2014	Our goal is to provide relevant information to refuge managers regarding recovery of the fish population as a consequence of drought, which is anticipated to increase in frequency in the future due to climate change. The objectives of this study are to: 1. Provide an updated comprehensive survey of fish communities in major waterbodies of the refuge, including the reservoir, post-drought, 2. Compare post-drought fish community data (proportional abundance according to species) to pre-drought levels (i.e., Ashbaugh et al. 1996), 3. Estimate the proportion of fishes available as forage to endangered interior least terns during their breeding season (May-August) at the refuge by quantifying monthly fish body size (total length and depth) according to species.	In 2011, a severe and persistent drought occurred throughout most of north-central Oklahoma, including at the Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, where the Great Salt Plains Reservoir nearly dried up. The reservoir and its tributary streams went dry for an extended period, but its lingering effects on the resident fish community were unknown. In collaboration with biologists from the US Fish and Wildlife and Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, we investigated the fish community in the lake and select tributaries 1-3 years post-drought to understand the resilience and recovery response by these fishes. Nearly half of the fish community had changed since before drought, with two euryhaline species, inland silverside and plains killifish, being dominant. These results demonstrate the extreme changes that can occur in reservoirs of the Great Plains especially under drought conditions and will be used by managers throughout the region to help mitigate these effects.
Zooplankton Availability and Use by Big-River Larval and Age-0 Fishes in Constructed Shallow-Water Habitats of the Lower Missouri River	December 2014	This project will investigate how created shallow water habitat is providing beneficial habitat for native larval fish. Two of the habitat types that have been created with the purpose of restoring ecological function are backwaters (a floodplain feature that is connected to the river on the downstream end but typically disconnected at the upstream end under normal flow conditions) and chutes (a side-channel of the river which diverts flow from the main channel through the chute, and back into the main channel, thus creating an island). The purpose of this study is to assess and compare resource use of fishes that have been collected from main stem, chute, and backwaters to see if prey availability and selectivity varies by habitat type. In addition, we will assess prey use in fish that were collected from floodplain habitats.	The Missouri River has experienced significant habitat alterations over the past 100 years and of particular concern is the loss of shallow water habitat (SWH). In response, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) created roughly 1393 ha of SWH on the lower Missouri River over the past 15 years, but it is currently unknown if created SWH benefits native larval fish. Working in collaboration with USACE, we examined multiple aspects of larval fish use of SWH in the lower Missouri River including community composition and diet use. Constructed chute habitats exhibited higher diversity compared to mainstem SWH sites, but also had increased abundances of invasive Asian carp larvae. Diets of age-0 Shovelnose Sturgeon were consistent with other studies in other systems showing a preponderance of chironomid larvae, suggesting that food is not limited for this species. This study provides important baseline information to help guide ongoing adaptive management efforts by the USACE and its partners in the lower Missouri River.
Synthesizing ecohydrology models as a management tool	June 2013	To create effective conservation and management strategies, we first need a comprehensive understanding of the connectivity, interaction and feedbacks between climate, hydrology, and aquatic ecosystems. Ecohydrology emphasizes consideration of the interface between hydrological and ecological sciences, and attempts to reveal the connectivity, dual regulation, and feedback of climatic, biological and hydrological systems at different spatial and temporal scales. Understanding the simulation potential of these models as well as identifying the benefits and limitations of each model is key to assisting the goal of holistic management of our freshwater resources under increasing climatic variability, land-use alteration, upland and riparian vegetation change, and artificial flow regulation.The objective of this project is to conduct a complete synthesis and systematically evaluate the prevailing hydrological and ecological models, their data requirements and the suitability of each model to simulate the hydrologic regime while addressing changes in the ecology of stream systems. We will focus on models that have relevant application to the southern Great Plains region which encompasses grassland, semiarid woodland, forest and coastal-estuary ecosystems. We will identify the capabilities of each model to portray uncertainty in input parameters and model predictions.	None
Regionalization of hydrologic and aquatic ecological data and information in support of instream flow sciences in the Gulf Coastal Prairie LCC	February 2014	The primary objective of the project is to initiate and support instream flow science efforst within the Gulf Coast Prarie (GCP) using a regional framework that provides information to water-resource managers. The specific project objectives are to develope regional baseline information on hydrologic alteration and ecological responses across the GCP and prepare a long-term instream flow agenda for the GCP region.	None
Evaluating the reproductive success of Arkansas River shiner by evaluating early life history dispersal and survival at a landscape scale	May 2013	The objectives are to 1.) assess the effects and interactions of environmental factors on egg buoyancy and early life-history stage survival through laboratory and field experiments; and 2.) use these data to build a predictive model at the landscape and inchannel scales to predict the probability of successful spawning.	None
Habitat use and movement by fishes using shallow-water habitats in three scenic rivers	December 2013	The purpose of this study is to determine the movement and survival of fishes in response to availability of shallow-water channel units.	None
The impacts of flow alterations to crayfish in southeast Oklahoma	April 2014	This purpose of this study is to determine the distribution and abundance of crayfish species related to landscape and inchannel factors	None
Developing models to predict the distribution of Oklahoma's freshwater mussel assemblages	May 2014	The purpose of this study is to determine landscape and inchannel features related to the distribution and abundance of mussel species in the Muddy and Clear Boggy rivers.	None
Genetic Structure of Ozark Big-eared Bat Populations and the Establishment of an Unobtrusive Population Monitoring Program	September 2013	We seek to develop a panel of variable genetic markers that are relatively inexpensive, easy to use, versatile enough to be adaptable to a variety of tissue sources (membrane punches, fecal matter) and allow for the long-term genetic monitoring of populations of Ozark Big-eared bats with minimal disturbance. We are using these genetic markers to obtain information on the genetic structure of populations of Ozark Big-eared Bats throughout their range in Oklahoma and Arkansas. We also will develop protocols using these nuclear genetic markers for long-term, unobtrusive genetic monitoring of populations of Ozark Big-eared Bat in Arkansas and Oklahoma.	None
Fire Frequency Effects on Habitat Quality in the Cross Timbers Ecoregion	June 2012	We are assesing the effects of fire frequency on habitat quality in three Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) dominated by Cross Timbers forests to provide new knowledge about the interrelationships among wildlife, fire, and vegetation. This information is critical to land managers and policy makers who need to develop management strategies and tools required to produce healthy and sustainable ecosystems under growing pressures from urban and suburban expansion, fragmentation, invasive species, and other threats to forest communities. The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) manages 18 WMAs where Cross Timbers forests are a significant component of the landscape so insight from this study will enhance their management for wildlife and diversity values.	None
Revision of FWS Biological Report 88(36), "Tampaulipan Brushlands of South Texas	September 2014	The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) maintains 3 national wildlife refuges in the Lower Rio Grande of south Texas: Santa Ana, Lower Rio Grande, and Laguna Atascosa. Conservation of brushland habitats is an ongoing challenge relative to expanded urbanization, homeland security, and escalating land prices. Managers would benefit from a new edition of the original Biological Report that includes contemporary literature, human demographic patterns, land-use and GIS assessments, U.S.–Mexican border issues, and severity of competing land use. The revised report would continue, even expand, its focus on plant and animal species of special concern relative to USFWS goals of achieving a protective wildlife corridor among currently disjunct land parcels under their management. Research was added in 2011 to evaluated the effects of fragmentation on mammal communities in currently tracts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley NWR.	None
Status and distribution of black bears in east-central and northeastern Oklahoma	June 2016	There are indications to suggest that populations of black bears are increasing and expanding in east-central and northeastern Oklahoma. Our objectives are to assess the status and distribution of black bears in east-central and northeastern Oklahoma, which will permit appropriate management of this growing resource. Black bear currently can be hunted in 4 counties in southestern Oklahoma; insight on the staus of black bear elsewhere may permit incrasing hunting opportunities.	None
Evaluation of northern bobwhite in western Oklahoma	July 2017	Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations have experienced a general decline across most of their range over the last 40–50 years (Brennan 1991, Sauer et al. 2008). Over this time period, populations across their entire range have declined by an average rate of 3.0% per year (Sauer et al. 2008). In Oklahoma, quail populations also have experienced a long-term decline. Objectives are to determine the major factors driving long-term changes in Oklahoma bobwhite populations, particularly production and survival, relative to the interaction of fire and grazing, arthropod availability (particularly during nesting and brood-rearing), aerial and terrestrial predation, and aflotoxins and their effects on production and survival.	None
Effects of reservoir productivity and zooplankton composition on paddlefish population dynamics	December 2012	Oklahoma has several self-sustaining populations of paddlefish (<i>Polyodon spathula</i>) andthose at Grand Lake and Keystone Lake are some of the best studied and both provide valuable fisheries for the state. Both reservoirs are eutrophic, but portions of Keystone Lake are classified as hyper-eutrophic. We worked with the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) to investigate differences in paddlefish ecology in these two systems. Paddlefish diets in both reservoirs contained much more calanoid copepods and the invasive zooplankter <i>Daphnia lumholtzi</i> than what was available in the environment, suggesting selection for these two prey items. While relative abundance of paddlefish was similar between lakes, those at Keystone Lake were heavier for their size with more fat. These results are useful for ODWC biologists to manage paddlefish throughout the state, while also providing information on how lake-specific variations may be manifested in local population dynamics.	Oklahoma has several self-sustaining populations of paddlefish (<i>Polyodon spathula</i>) andthose at Grand Lake and Keystone Lake are some of the best studied and both provide valuable fisheries for the state. Both reservoirs are eutrophic, but portions of Keystone Lake are classified as hyper-eutrophic. We worked with the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) to investigate differences in paddlefish ecology in these two systems. Paddlefish diets in both reservoirs contained much more calanoid copepods and the invasive zooplankter <i>Daphnia lumholtzi</i> than what was available in the environment, suggesting selection for these two prey items. While relative abundance of paddlefish was similar between lakes, those at Keystone Lake were heavier for their size with more fat. These results are useful for ODWC biologists to manage paddlefish throughout the state, while also providing information on how lake-specific variations may be manifested in local population dynamics.
Assessment of Rocky Shiner populations in southeast Oklahoma	June 2027	The Rocky Shiner (<i>Notropis suttkusi) </i>is a Tier II Species of Greatest Conservation Need in Oklahoma and is under consideration for listing as threatened or endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. This study will provide a habitat-suitability map for Rocky Shiner in Oklahoma and an updated field-verified georeferenced database of occurrences. Such products will help inform state and federal agencies regarding the present status of Rocky Shiner in Oklahoma. Working in concert with biologists from the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and US Fish and Wildlife Service, this project will survey for Rocky Shiners throughout their range in Oklahoma. A species status assessment is currently underway for this species and the results of this study will be immediately applicable to that process.	None
Assessment of mussel community in Blue River	June 2027	The Blue River, Oklahoma has historically supported 23 species of freshwater mussels, but the latest assessment is dated (more than 30 years old) and found that the lower portion of the river was devoid of mussels. Whereas declines in abundance is disconcerting, a complete extirpation is alarming. To understand the current state of mussels in the Blue River, a new survey is necessary; one that can document the abundance and diversity of mussels that still exist as well as assess the status of mussel occurrence in the lower reaches where they have been thought extirpated. Working with biologists from the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC), we will be using several different survey types, such as snorkeling, quadrat sampling, eDNA, and side-scan sonar to evaluate the state of the mussel community. In the lower portion of the river, this study will provide evidence to help conclude if mussels are truly extirpated with rapid, non-invasive techniques. In the upper portion of the river, this study will update the species composition, relative abundance, and size structure of extant native mussels.	None
Assessment of connectivity among Alligator Gar populations in the Red River	June 2027	Alligator Gar (<i>Atractosteus spatula</i>) in Oklahoma persist mostly in the Red River system. Fragmentation by Denison Dam has arguably had the largest effect on the Lake Texoma population, but information from the Red River below the dam is needed to better understand how fragmentation, including that by distance alone, relates to the population ecology of Alligator Gar. The Red River system is the main system remaining in Oklahoma where Alligator Gar (<i>Atractosteus spatula</i>) populations persist, but no comprehensive studies exist to determine how fragmentation may be affecting these populations currently. As interest in angling for Alligator Gar has increased in recent years, a better understanding connectivity of populations throughout the Red River is important for management and conservation. This study is a collaboration between biologists with the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Together, we will be tagging fish and monitoring their movement with a series of acoustic receivers deployed throughout the river. The results of this study will inform ODWC to better manage Alligator Gar populations beyond Lake Texoma. Genetic results will help USFWS with brood stock capture efforts to inform conservation stocking.	None
Evaluation of otolith development in Paddlefish (Acipenseriformes): an ancient lineage of bony fishes	June 2025	To aid the goal of using otoliths to document early life history of Paddlefish, a new approach is necessary; one that can characterize the in situ arrangement of the otoliths and document their morphology and development. Therefore, are addressing the following objectives: 1) document the timing of otolith development in post-larval Paddlefish, and 2) document the morphology of the otoliths, including the fusion of otoconia. A better understanding of Paddlefish otolith formation and morphology will be directly transferrable to other Acipenseriformes fishes, such as sturgeons distributed across the globe.	None
Evaluating Socioeconomic Responses by Anglers to Alternative Stocking Strategies for Maintaining Trout Fishing at the Lower Mountain Fork River, Oklahoma	June 2026	The Lower Mountain Fork River (LMFR) in southeastern Oklahoma is a year-round trout fishery and the potential for a wild Rainbow Trout fishery might exist. Reducing stocking to promote a wild fishery could save money, but potentially at the expense of angler catch rates, which could affect angler satisfaction and subsequent economic value. This fishery serves many out-of-state anglers with incomes far above the median for the state, helping to spur an estimated $25M economic impact to the area. As a result, any changes to the management of the trout program have the potential to create ripples throughout the economy. This research is a collaboration with Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and the Department of Agricultural Economics at Oklahoma State University. This project will provide information on use, catch, economic value, and angler preferences for trout fishing at the Lower Mountain Fork trout area, which will provide insights to ODWC and other stakeholders on alternative management measures. The results will also provide new knowledge about awareness, values, and attitudes of anglers towards potential changes from a put-and-take fishery for Rainbow Trout to a wild-trout fishery.	None
Assessing utility of side-scan sonar to evaluate Paddlefish populations and habitat availability	May 2026	The Paddlefish is a large bodied fish that inhabits large river and requires hard substrates, such as gravel and boulders, for a place to lay their eggs. The distribution of Paddlefish has been declining, but the US Fish and Wildlife Service and Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation has been stocking lakes and rivers in an attempt to restore lost populations. This project will collect side-scan sonar data on substrate availability, such percent gravel, in two rivers within the historic range of Paddlefish (Deep Fork River and Kiamichi River) to determine how much suitable spawning substrates exist. In addition, this project will follow up on previous research regarding the utility of side-scan sonar to identify and count Paddlefish and assess the accuracy of this tool from stocked populations.	None
Gear Efficiency and Habitat Use of Age-1 Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) in the Lower Missouri River	December 2026	For pallid sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River, the environmental factors that affect reproductive potential or recruitment and year-class strength are poorly understood. Additionally, the location where recruitment occurs and the rate at which it occurs is also unknown. Developing a monitoring strategy that can be implemented to effectively assesses year-class-strength of juvenile pallid sturgeon (age-1) and recruitment drivers is paramount to assessing progress towards the objective of increasing recruitment to age-1. The project is a collaboration of researchers with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City District and USGS, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit.The purpose of this study is to assess sampling gear efficiency and habitat use of age-1 pallid sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River. Information gleaned from this study will aid in the development of a monitoring program designed to assess recruitment of pallid sturgeon to age-1 in the Lower Missouri River.	None
Determining the instream flow needs to support the federally threatened Arkansas River Shiner	September 2019	The Arkansas River Shiner is an emblematic species of pelagophil because it is federally threatened. It is assumed to require migrations to complete their life history though little is known about their movements outside of the summer season. Our objectives are to link available habitat to discharge patterns and link migration patterns to the timing of particular flow and temperatures.	None
Investigating Whirling Disease Resistant Tubifex Tubifex	December 2007	Laboratory and Field investigations were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of using resistant Tubifex tubifex (an obligate host of the whirling disease parasite) to filter the myxospore life-stage of the parasite and to control production of triactinomyxon spores that could otherwise infect susceptible trout.	Tubifex tubifex is the definitive host of Myxobolus cerebralis, and recent studies have shown that distinct mitochondrial lineages of this oligochaete species vary in their susceptibility to the whirling disease parasite. Four lineages (I, III, V, and VI) are common in the United States, and only lineage III is highly susceptible to infection. Resistant lineage V T. tubifex were introduced to Spring Creek, Gunnison County, Colorado following Before-After-Control-Impact experimental design to determine whether or not introduced worms could establish a population and migrate, displacing susceptible worms. I also investigated the competitive interactions of susceptible lineage III and resistant lineages V and VI in the laboratory. A replacement series experimental design was used to test the strength of competition at varying densities and proportional lineage compositions in the presence and absence of M. cerebralis. A temperature experiment was also conducted to investigate competition at 9, 13.5 and 18°C between lineages III and V. I measured changes in lineage composition, offspring production, offspring size, adult survival and M. cerebralis infection. Exposed worms were dosed with 300 myxospores/worm in the first competition and temperature experiments and 1000 myxospores/worm in the second competition experiment. Lineage V T. tubifex have been detected at all introduction sites but no control sites in Spring Creek for over three years since the introduction. Lineage V worms have also been detected 4.6 m downstream of the second introduction site on one occasion and 23.2 m downstream of the first introduction site on two occasions, demonstrating emigration of lineage V worms. The proportional abundance of each lineage present at the end of the laboratory experiments indicates that lineage III is an equal or superior competitor in the absence or low presence of M. cerebralis and is competitively inferior when exposed to high levels of the parasite. Proportional abundance also suggests that lineage V is a better competitor than lineage VI in our experiments. Offspring production suggests that high infection rates reduce the reproductive success of lineage III. Lineage V adults had better survival than lineage III adults, and neither exposure nor initial density affected survival. Offspring production was highest for the 18°C treatment in the temperature experiment. My results suggest that there may be a physiological cost associated with resisting M. cerebralis infection. However, I believe resistant T. tubifex could be a useful management tool to control M. cerebralis, especially when new aquatic environments are constructed that do not have established oligochaete populations. Introducing resistant worms in these types of environments could help establish a population of worms able to filter M. cerebralis myxospores and inhibit the production of triactinomyxons that could otherwise infect susceptible trout.
Oklahoma Mule Deer Population Evaluation	June 2027	Recent apparent population declines across mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) range in the American West are of interest to biologists and managers. Mule deer in Oklahoma are near the southeastern extent of the species’ range; thus, their distribution is limited and densities are presumably low. Mule deer populations in Oklahoma are restricted currently to areas that are typically characterized by extreme weather events, high variability in resource availability, and an increasing influence of anthropogenic activities associated with agricultural operations and energy infrastructure. In Oklahoma, data are limited to annual harvest numbers, and mule deer are hunted and managed under white-tailed deer (<i>O. virginianus</i>) regulations. To better understand the distribution, abundance, and population ecology of mule deer and to inform harvest management in western Oklahoma, we are proposing a comprehensive research project. We will assess methods for investigating and monitoring mule deer distribution and spatial variation in abundance. We will estimate survival and factors influencing mortality in adult females and fawns, and we will obtain estimates of fecundity and recruitment. We will investigate movements and habitat selection in the context of the potential effects of anthropogenic pressures (including agriculture and energy infrastructure) and environmental variability. Additionally, we will leverage mule deer data in the Texas Panhandle to evaluate movement ecology and population dynamics at an interstate scale. This research will assist Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) in managing mule deer by providing data to support decision-making on monitoring, harvest, and habitat management.	Recent apparent population declines across mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) range in the American West are of interest to biologists and managers. Mule deer in Oklahoma are near the southeastern extent of the species’ range; thus, their distribution is limited and densities are presumably low. Mule deer populations in Oklahoma are restricted currently to areas that are typically characterized by extreme weather events, high variability in resource availability, and an increasing influence of anthropogenic activities associated with agricultural operations and energy infrastructure. In Oklahoma, data are limited to annual harvest numbers, and mule deer are hunted and managed under white-tailed deer (<i>O. virginianus</i>) regulations. To better understand the distribution, abundance, and population ecology of mule deer and to inform harvest management in western Oklahoma, we are proposing a comprehensive research project. We will assess methods for investigating and monitoring mule deer distribution and spatial variation in abundance. We will estimate survival and factors influencing mortality in adult females and fawns, and we will obtain estimates of fecundity and recruitment. We will investigate movements and habitat selection in the context of the potential effects of anthropogenic pressures (including agriculture and energy infrastructure) and environmental variability. Additionally, we will leverage mule deer data in the Texas Panhandle to evaluate movement ecology and population dynamics at an interstate scale. This research will assist Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC) in managing mule deer by providing data to support decision-making on monitoring, harvest, and habitat management.
Assessing risk of invasion of Oklahoma reservoirs by bighead carp and zebra mussels	December 2011	Aquatic invasive species affect native ecosystems throughout the world and, in Oklahoma, two have been identified as being potentially very detrimental: bighead carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</i>) and zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>), especially in reservoir systems. To understand the risk of these reservoirs to invasion by these two species, we worked with Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation partners and used data from 26 large Oklahoma reservoirs to develop logistic regression models to predict the presence of these two species. While we found no satisfactory model for bighead carp, we found that zebra mussel presence was positively related to reservoir surface area. In an alternative approach to model bighead carp, we used geospatial data in conjunction with reproductive behavior to best understand the reservoirs at risk from invasion by this species. Based on size and hydrology of tributaries flowing into these reservoirs, most (18) were not suitable for bighead carp establishment. These results are useful for providing a baseline of establishment by these two species and as a screening tool for monitoring to prevent and rapidly respond to new invasions.	Aquatic invasive species affect native ecosystems throughout the world and, in Oklahoma, two have been identified as being potentially very detrimental: bighead carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</i>) and zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>), especially in reservoir systems. To understand the risk of these reservoirs to invasion by these two species, we worked with Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation partners and used data from 26 large Oklahoma reservoirs to develop logistic regression models to predict the presence of these two species. While we found no satisfactory model for bighead carp, we found that zebra mussel presence was positively related to reservoir surface area. In an alternative approach to model bighead carp, we used geospatial data in conjunction with reproductive behavior to best understand the reservoirs at risk from invasion by this species. Based on size and hydrology of tributaries flowing into these reservoirs, most (18) were not suitable for bighead carp establishment. These results are useful for providing a baseline of establishment by these two species and as a screening tool for monitoring to prevent and rapidly respond to new invasions.
Effects of hydrologic alteration on species of greatest conservation need in Lee Creek, Oklahoma	June 2013	Lee Creek, from its origins in the Boston Mountains of the Ozarks in Arkansas, is one of six scenic rivers in Okahoma. However, in 1988, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved the construction of Lee Creek reservoir in Arkansas, near the city of Ft. Smith (FERC 1987) above the terminus of Lee Creek at the Arkansas River. Construction of an upstream dam (Pine Mountain) is currently being proposed. Prior to impoundment, Lee Creek was known to contain 78 species of fish, including the Oklahoma endangered longnose darter (Percina nasuta). We are investigating the response of the fish community from the lower dam and assessing the potential response should the upper dam be constructed.	Lee Creek, from its origins in the Boston Mountains of the Ozarks in Arkansas, is one of six scenic rivers in Okahoma. However, in 1988, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approved the construction of Lee Creek reservoir in Arkansas, near the city of Ft. Smith above the terminus of Lee Creek at the Arkansas River. Prior to impoundment, Lee Creek was known to contain 78 species of fish, including the Oklahoma endangered longnose darter (<i>Percina nasuta</i>). We investigated the response of the fish community from Lee Creek dam in collaboration with Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. We found that the fish community had changed since the construction of Lee Creek, mostly as a result of absences of many larger-bodied, migratory species. However, longnose darters were verified to still occur at several locations. The results of this study are being used by area managers particularly for the persistence of longnose darters, which have been petitioned for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act.
Quantifying freshwater mussel abundance and composition in two prairie rivers of northern Oklahoma with the aid of side scan sonar to identify novel habitat patches	June 2025	Prairie rivers of northern Oklahoma such as the Verdigris and Caney rivers harbor a diverse assemblage of freshwater mussels, but drivers of their abundance and composition are not well known. Previous research focused on proportional abundance using timed searches, which impedes inferences about temporal trends. Moreover, recent studies nearby have documented increases in rare species, suggesting some species may be more prevalent than previously documented or locally abundant in certain locations. This project partners with biologists from Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and US Fish and Wildlife Service to identify freshwater mussel habitat within the Verdigris and Caney rivers of northern Oklahoma and use quantitative sampling in identified mesohabitats to estimate density and community composition. Calculation of detection and occupancy estimates among mesohabitat types will aid development of future monitoring efforts.	Prairie rivers of northern Oklahoma such as the Verdigris and Caney rivers harbor a diverse assemblage of freshwater mussels, but drivers of their abundance and composition are not well known. Previous research focused on proportional abundance using timed searches, which impedes inferences about temporal trends. Moreover, recent studies nearby have documented increases in rare species, suggesting some species may be more prevalent than previously documented or locally abundant in certain locations. This project partners with biologists from Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and US Fish and Wildlife Service to identify freshwater mussel habitat within the Verdigris and Caney rivers of northern Oklahoma and use quantitative sampling in identified mesohabitats to estimate density and community composition. Calculation of detection and occupancy estimates among mesohabitat types will aid development of future monitoring efforts.
Factors Influencing Detection and Occurrence of Plains Spotted Skunks in Oklahoma	December 2025	Spotted skunks (<i>Spilogale</i> spp.) were historically widespread across much of North America, but long-term harvest trends and anecdotal evidence suggested notable population declines, leading to a petition to list the plains spotted skunk (<i>S. interrupta</i>) under the Endangered Species Act. Although the plains spotted skunk was determined to be “not warranted” for protection, information regarding the distribution and ecology of plains spotted skunks is lacking across much of their distribution. Plains spotted skunks are rare and elusive, making them difficult to monitor. Cameras have become the predominant monitoring approach for spotted skunks, but low detection rates have limited success of monitoring programs. Consequently, we initiated a project with a robust study design to assess camera-based sampling strategies for plains spotted skunk and determine factors influencing spotted skunk occurrence. By addressing both detection and occurrence, this project will inform future monitoring strategies and management actions for plains spotted skunks.	The plains spotted skunk, a subspecies of the eastern spotted skunk, was petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act and a review of the subspecies’ status is currently being conducted. To aid managers, fill key knowledge gaps, and decrease the likelihood of the plains spotted skunk being listed, this project will use camera traps, a study design based in sampling theory, and occupancy modeling approaches to (1) characterize camera-based plains spotted skunk detection and identify optimal sampling intensities, (2) estimate plains spotted skunk occupancy, and (3) identify environmental factors associated with plains spotted skunk space use. Information gained will be essential to enhancing conservation efforts for plains spotted skunks in Oklahoma and more broadly.
Assessment of Prairie Gray Fox Population Distribution, Dynamics, and Genetics in Oklahoma	June 2027	The prairie gray fox (<i>Urocyon cinereoargenteus ocythous</i>) was petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act due to concerns over perceived declines in abundance and distribution, and the federal status review has requested information on (1) habitat use and distribution, (2) population trends, (3) genetics, and (4) the impacts of coyotes (<i>Canis latrans</i>) and bobcats (<i>Lynx rufus</i>). To aid managers, inform the status review, and decrease the likelihood of the prairie gray fox being listed, we will combine camera trapping and two methods of genetic sampling (i.e., trapper-harvested and fecal DNA samples) to conduct the most comprehensive study to date on the status and ecology of the prairie gray fox. Camera trapping within the primary distribution of prairie gray foxes in Oklahoma will be analyzed with multi-season and multi-species occupancy models to evaluate gray fox distribution and relative abundance, population trend, factors influencing gray fox space use, and the influence of intraguild predators. Genetic sampling will be used to evaluate genetic structure, genetic diversity and sex ratios, and effective population size (<i>N<sub>e</sub></i>) of prairie gray foxes in Oklahoma.	The prairie gray fox (<i>Urocyon cinereoargenteus ocythous</i>) was petitioned for listing under the Endangered Species Act due to concerns over perceived declines in abundance and distribution, and the federal status review has requested information on (1) habitat use and distribution, (2) population trends, (3) genetics, and (4) the impacts of coyotes (<i>Canis latrans</i>) and bobcats (<i>Lynx rufus</i>). To aid managers, inform the status review, and decrease the likelihood of the prairie gray fox being listed, we will combine camera trapping and two methods of genetic sampling (i.e., trapper-harvested and fecal DNA samples) to conduct the most comprehensive study to date on the status and ecology of the prairie gray fox. Camera trapping within the primary distribution of prairie gray foxes in Oklahoma will be analyzed with multi-season and multi-species occupancy models to evaluate gray fox distribution and relative abundance, population trend, factors influencing gray fox space use, and the influence of intraguild predators. Genetic sampling will be used to evaluate genetic structure, genetic diversity and sex ratios, and effective population size (<i>N<sub>e</sub></i>) of prairie gray foxes in Oklahoma.
Evaluation of Cougar Predation and Bear Kleptoparasitism on Vermejo Park Ranch, New Mexico	June 2025	Over the last 15 years, in response to drought, declining range and riparian conditions, and projected drought conditions in the future, Vermejo Park Ranch (VPR; northern New Mexico) has made an effort to determine the carrying capacity for large ungulates (e.g., elk [<i>Cervus canadensis</i>] and American bison [<i>Bison bison</i>]) of the ranch during an average dry year. Understanding large predator populations and their role in regulating elk (and other ungulate) populations is an important, but relatively unexplored question at VPR.<br>Vermejo Park Ranch is home to black bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) and cougars (<i>Puma concolor</i>). Black bear predation can be a primary source of mortality on elk calves. Similarly, cougar predation can be a significant source of elk mortality. Black bears may benefit from, and negatively affect cougars, through kleptoparasitism of cougar kills, which may indirectly impact prey (ungulate) populations by increasing cougar kill rates to make up for the loss of food resources. The primary goal of this study is to document cougar prey selection on VPR and the influence of bear kleptoparasitism on frequency and volume of cougar prey. We anticipate this information will provide insights on the magnitude of elk and mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) killed by cougars annually and inform future considerations of predator management to support the mission of VPR.	Over the last 15 years, in response to drought, declining range and riparian conditions, and projected drought conditions in the future, Vermejo Park Ranch (VPR; northern New Mexico) has made an effort to determine the carrying capacity for large ungulates (e.g., elk [<i>Cervus canadensis</i>] and American bison [<i>Bison bison</i>]) of the ranch during an average dry year. Understanding large predator populations and their role in regulating elk (and other ungulate) populations is an important, but relatively unexplored question at VPR.<br>Vermejo Park Ranch is home to black bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) and cougars (<i>Puma concolor</i>). Black bear predation can be a primary source of mortality on elk calves. Similarly, cougar predation can be a significant source of elk mortality. Black bears may benefit from, and negatively affect cougars, through kleptoparasitism of cougar kills, which may indirectly impact prey (ungulate) populations by increasing cougar kill rates to make up for the loss of food resources. The primary goal of this study is to document cougar prey selection on VPR and the influence of bear kleptoparasitism on frequency and volume of cougar prey. We anticipate this information will provide insights on the magnitude of elk and mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) killed by cougars annually and inform future considerations of predator management to support the mission of VPR.
Assessing the role of turbidity on foraging by pre-rostral juvenile Paddlefish	December 2022	We are testing how turbidity (water clarity) may affect feeding by larval Paddlefish. Paddlefish begin life after hatching by feeding on individual prey zooplankton (water fleas). We anticipate that water clarity may affect the Paddlefish's ability to find zooplankton to eat. We will test this hypothesis by setting up tanks that vary in the amount of turbidity, including a tank with no turbidity (control tank), and let larval Paddlefish feed over the course of 2-3 hours. The tanks will all have the same amount of zooplankton in them for Paddlefish to feed on. At the end of the feeding time, the Paddlefish will be removed and humanely euthanized, and the amount of zooplankton eaten will be counted by dissecting the fish.	OK Department of Wildlife Conservation, OK Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, and Department of Integrative Biology scientists are conducting lab-based research on the effect of turbidity on foraging by larval Paddlefish. We are testing how turbidity (water clarity) may affect feeding by larval Paddlefish. Paddlefish begin life after hatching by feeding on individual prey zooplankton (water fleas). We anticipate that water clarity may affect the Paddlefish's ability to find zooplankton to eat. We will test this hypothesis by setting up tanks that vary in the amount of turbidity, including a tank with no turbidity (control tank), and let larval Paddlefish feed over the course of 2-3 hours. The tanks will all have the same amount of zooplankton in them for Paddlefish to feed on. At the end of the feeding time, the Paddlefish will be removed and humanely euthanized, and the amount of zooplankton eaten will be counted by dissecting the fish.
Assessing Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Ephemeral Ponds	December 2024	Ponds are increasingly being recognized as a major contributor to aquatic invertebrate diversity that is nested within larger terrestrial networks. Ponds are ubiquitous across the globe, but have been relatively little studied. Temporary aquatic habitats like ponds create environments that sometimes harbor distinct species and assemblages, showing how these environments contribute to overall diversity in the landscape. Working with partners from Oklahoma State University and the Osage Nation, we are studying the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in ponds and how the presence of fish may influence the structure of those assemblages. Data from this study will be especially useful for managers of the Osage Nation Ranch as it helps complete their knowledge of the biodiversity contain within.	In this study, we are investigating the role that hydroperiod and fish predators influence aquatic insect diversity by studying a set of research ponds at Oklahoma State University and sampling ponds at the Osage Nation Ranch, located in Osage County, Oklahoma.
Effectiveness of stocking 7-inch channel catfish to reservoir fisheries	December 2013	Oklahoma anglers pursue catfish proportionally more than the national average, making up nearly one-half (43%) of the total angling population, making this group of anglers the second-most abundant in the state. Channel catfish are also the third most sought after fish in Oklahoma. As a result, recreational angling for catfish is a top priority for the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC), devoting a significant proportion of hatchery, survey, and management resources toward this activity. We are working to determine the contribution of stocked 7-inch channel catfish to angler catch, harvest, and satisfaction and to overall population structure in 6 medium-sized (500 – 10,000 acres) reservoirs in Oklahoma.	Oklahoma anglers pursue catfish proportionally more than the national average, making up nearly one-half (43%) of the total angling population, making this group of anglers the second-most abundant in the state. Channel catfish are also the third most sought after fish in Oklahoma. As a result, recreational angling for catfish is a top priority for the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (ODWC), devoting a significant proportion of hatchery, survey, and management resources toward this activity. We worked in collaboration with ODWC to determine the contribution of stocked 7-inch channel catfish to angler catch, harvest, and satisfaction and to overall population structure in 6 medium-sized (500 – 10,000 acres) reservoirs in Oklahoma. Stocking rates directly affected the abundance of channel catfish, but angler response was varied and more influenced by non-fishing related variables such as weather. However, anglers were generally supportive of stocking channel catfish to improve fisheries. With these results, the ODWC can improve their channel catfish stocking program statewide.
Estimating ecosystem production across gradients of river alteration in the Colorado River basin; could contemporary productivity be a limiting factor for native fishes?	December 2024	The Colorado River Basin (CRB) is one of the most overallocated river networks in the world and is experiencing declining watershed runoff due to climate change. Most fish species native to the CRB are found nowhere else and have declined dramatically coincident with the damming and regulation of the CRB. Substantial resources are invested to recover these fish species with efforts largely focused on restoring physical conditions (i.e., habitat, flow or water temperature) and removing non-native fish species. There has been minimal focus on quantifying changes to the primary (i.e., plants) and secondary production (e.g., insects) that fuel native fish species. In the Grand Canyon segment of the CRB, flow, turbidity and depletion of phosphorous in Lake Powell have been linked to primary production and primary production has been linked to various fish species. However, these linkages have not been studied upriver of Lake Powell despite these upper segments being the focus of recovery efforts for endangered fishes. Based on research in other rivers, we expect primary and secondary production (hereafter river productivity) in the CRB is impacted by river regulation, modified hydrology, and agricultural and municipal runoff, with climate change likely to bring further modifications. If river productivity is limiting fish species, then increasing water temperatures and declining runoff associated with climate change may exacerbate this limitation. Thus, to better predict the impacts of ongoing climate change on the imperiled fish species of the CRB, it is imperative to identify current drivers of river productivity.	The Colorado River Basin (CRB) is one of the most overallocated river networks in the world and is experiencing declining watershed runoff due to climate change. There has been minimal focus on quantifying changes to the primary (i.e., plants) and secondary production (e.g., insects) that fuel native fish species. Based on research in other rivers, we expect primary and secondary production (hereafter river productivity) in the CRB is impacted by river regulation, modified hydrology, and agricultural and municipal runoff, with climate change likely to bring further modifications. If river productivity is limiting fish species, then increasing water temperatures and declining runoff associated with climate change may exacerbate this limitation.
The influence of abiotic and biotic factors on patterns of consumption across a range of consumer body sizes	September 2022	A fundamental goal of ecology is determining the role of consumers in ecosystems, and identifying drivers of consumer resource use is a crucial component of achieving this goal. Both inter- and intraspecific variation in body size are known to drive aspects of consumer resource use, and understanding patterns of resource use with increasing body size is important for understanding macroecological patterns of ecosystem structure. In addition to body size, patterns of consumption may be influenced by environmental heterogeneity. Abiotic factors may influence resource use directly through their effects on metabolism, performance, and visibility, or indirectly through their influence on prey availability, predator density, and prey refugia. Streams are an ideal system to test the effects of environmental heterogeneity on consumer resource use because abiotic and biotic characteristics vary along longitudinal gradients (the river continuum) and streams host diverse consumer communities that feed on a wide variety of resources. We compared the diet variability of Green Sunfish (<i>Lepomis cyanellus</i>) across a gradient of body sizes and stream sizes. This research contributes a first step in developing a unified perspective of foraging patterns by combining prevailing theories in foraging ecology and incorporating the influence of abiotic and biotic factors.	Fish predators of many sizes have been introduced across a wide range of freshwater habitats. While body size is a known driver of patterns of consumption, how body size interacts with environmental gradients to drive variation in prey consumption is unknown. This research will investigate patterns of prey variability in Green Sunfish across a gradient of stream sizes to contribute to our understanding of the role of predators in stream systems. <br>This project provides an opportunity for both undergraduate research and for a graduate student to mentor an undergraduate and the opportunity for these student to interact with collaborators at another academic institution.
Compilation and analysis of wildlife data to inform natural resource management	September 2022	Lands owned by the Department of Defense (DoD) support the greatest densities of species of conservation concern (i.e., endangered, threatened or otherwise at-risk) of any Federal land agency. Under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act and Sikes Act, the DoD is challenged to protect and provide for the conservation of these species while simultaneously adhering to the military mission. To accomplish this goal, DoD installations develop Integrated Natural Resource Management Plans (INRMPs) to guide management. INRMPs are developed in concert with the state, federal, and non-governmental partners and are revised on a 5-year interval to ensure installations continue to serve the military mission on a sustained basis that supports natural resource stewardship. Empirically-defensible data and transparent analyses of natural resource data are required to inform INRMP development and revision. This project has already completed objectives related to (1) evaluating space use of subadult golden eagle, (2) assessing methods for improving efficiency and reliability of noninvasive genetic sampling, and (3) comparing monitoring methods for kit foxes. In the current phase, this project aims to evaluate the utility and reliability of machine learning for rapid processing and analysis of camera-based data, to quantify the influence of machine-learning errors on parameter estimates, and to assess alternative methods of data handling and analyses that can minimize bias in results. The results of this study have and will inform wildlife monitoring on military installations.	Lands owned by the Department of Defense (DoD) support the greatest densities of species of conservation concern (i.e., endangered, threatened or otherwise at-risk) of any Federal land agency. Under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act and Sikes Act, the DoD is challenged to protect and provide for the conservation of these species while simultaneously adhering to the military mission. To accomplish this goal, DoD installations develop Integrated Natural Resource Management Plans (INRMPs) to guide management. INRMPs are developed in concert with the state, federal, and non-governmental partners and are revised on a 5-year interval to ensure installations continue to serve the military mission on a sustained basis that supports natural resource stewardship. Empirically-defensible data and transparent analyses of natural resource data are required to inform INRMP development and revision. This project has already completed objectives related to (1) evaluating space use of subadult golden eagle, (2) assessing methods for improving efficiency and reliability of noninvasive genetic sampling, and (3) comparing monitoring methods for kit foxes. In the current phase, this project aims to evaluate the utility and reliability of machine learning for rapid processing and analysis of camera-based data, to quantify the influence of machine-learning errors on parameter estimates, and to assess alternative methods of data handling and analyses that can minimize bias in results. The results of this study have and will inform wildlife monitoring on military installations.
Developing close-kin mark-recapture methods to monitor Michigan black bear populations	September 2023	Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and other state management agencies currently uses statistical catch-at-age analysis (SCAA) to monitor trends in bear populations and impacts of harvest. However, SCAA is highly sensitive to initial values of abundance and requires periodic independent estimates of abundance using mark-recapture (MR) to calibrate SCAA model estimates. The marking technique previously implemented (tetracycline) is no longer available to resource managers and alternative methods of MR (e.g., barbed wire corrals with individual identification from hair using DNA, or physical capture and release) requires extensive sampling and field effort, demanding additional financial and logistical resources. Thus, there is a need to develop novel methods to estimate trends in black bear abundance and impacts of harvest without requiring additional independent field sampling. Close-kin mark-recapture (CKMR) extends the concept of recapture probability of a marked individual to the probability of capturing a closely related individual. The primary objective of this project is to develop CKMR models specific to black bear populations in Michigan, assess sensitivity and accuracy, and make recommendations on most effective approach. The results of this project will be used by the Michigan DNR and other state agencies to refine and improve harvest-based monitoring of black bears.	Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and other state management agencies currently uses statistical catch-at-age analysis (SCAA) to monitor trends in bear populations and impacts of harvest. However, SCAA is highly sensitive to initial values of abundance and requires periodic independent estimates of abundance using mark-recapture (MR) to calibrate SCAA model estimates. The marking technique previously implemented (tetracycline) is no longer available to resource managers and alternative methods of MR (e.g., barbed wire corrals with individual identification from hair using DNA, or physical capture and release) requires extensive sampling and field effort, demanding additional financial and logistical resources. Thus, there is a need to develop novel methods to estimate trends in black bear abundance and impacts of harvest without requiring additional independent field sampling. Close-kin mark-recapture (CKMR) extends the concept of recapture probability of a marked individual to the probability of capturing a closely related individual. The primary objective of this project is to develop CKMR models specific to black bear populations in Michigan, assess sensitivity and accuracy, and make recommendations on most effective approach. The results of this project will be used by the Michigan DNR and other state agencies to refine and improve harvest-based monitoring of black bears.
Assessment of co-occurrence modeling when closure is not met	June 2022	Species interactions and patterns of co-occurrence are commonly assessed with two-species occupancy models. Occupancy models assume that the occupancy state is closed to changes within a sampling season. When evaluating multiple species simultaneously to assess patterns of co-occurrence, the assumption of closure is likely violated due to variation in life history characteristics (e.g., movement capacity, home range size, social behaviors). This study is employing a simulation-based approach to evaluate the influence of violating the closure assumption on inferences from two-species occupancy models. The results of this study will help improve our understanding of occupancy modeling methods and provide insights on how best to interpret two-species occupancy modeling results when one or both species violate the closure assumption.	Species interactions and patterns of co-occurrence are commonly assessed with two-species occupancy models. Occupancy models assume that the occupancy state is closed to changes within a sampling season. When evaluating multiple species simultaneously to assess patterns of co-occurrence, the assumption of closure is likely violated due to variation in life history characteristics (e.g., movement capacity, home range size, social behaviors). This study is employing a simulation-based approach to evaluate the influence of violating the closure assumption on inferences from two-species occupancy models. The results of this study will help improve our understanding of occupancy modeling methods and provide insights on how best to interpret two-species occupancy modeling results when one or both species violate the closure assumption.
Intermittent Stream Fish Community Dynamics in the Ouachita Highlands	December 2023	Stream ecosystems are one of the most imperiled systems due to the impacts of many stressors including dewatering, land conversion, channelization, fragmentation, introduction of non-native species, and impoundment. The impact of multiple stressors are not well characterized in intermittent streams due to the lack of broad scale data (such as hydrologic or temperature data). Diverse assemblages of fish occupy intermittent streams and are threatened by the multiple stressors. We characterized the hydrologic and temperature regimes of intermittent streams across a gradient of land-use to assess the role of multiple stressors in driving stream fish community structure in the Ouachita highlands. This region is home to many endemic species and species of conservation concern. This research will inform decisions about management of species of conservation concern by determining how multiple stressors driving the distribution of species in this region.	Stream ecosystems are one of the most imperiled systems due to the impacts of many stressors including dewatering, land conversion, channelization, fragmentation, introduction of non-native species, and impoundment. The impact of multiple stressors are not well characterized in intermittent streams due to the lack of broad scale data (such as hydrologic or temperature data). Diverse assemblages of fish occupy intermittent streams and are threatened by the multiple stressors. We characterized the hydrologic and temperature regimes of intermittent streams across a gradient of land-use to assess the role of multiple stressors in driving stream fish community structure in the Ouachita highlands. This region is home to many endemic species and species of conservation concern. This research will inform decisions about management of species of conservation concern by determining how multiple stressors driving the distribution of species in this region.
Development, validation, and implementation of a survey protocol to evaluate distributions and habitat associations of whip-poor-will and other Oklahoma nightjars	June 2024	Birds that are aerial insectivores, including nightjars (family Caprimulgidae), are experiencing steep population declines across North America. The Whip-poor-will, which has declined by 69% since 1970, is an Oklahoma Species of Greatest Conservation Need that occurs in several Very High and High Priority Conservation Landscapes in the Ozarks and Ouachita Mountains Regions. Yet, the Whip-poor-will’s population status and habitat associations are unknown in Oklahoma, largely due to the challenge of monitoring this and other nocturnal nightjar species. This project will increase information about Whip-poor-will and other Oklahoma nightjars through the development, validation, and implementation of a survey protocol that can be used in the future by ODWC to evaluate nightjar distributions and trends. This research is a collaboration between the USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma State University, and the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. This project will substantially increase knowledge about Whip-poor-will and other nightjars in Oklahoma, providing a baseline for monitoring future changes in population status, and benefiting rangewide conservation efforts to recover the Whip-poor-will’s North American population.	Birds that are aerial insectivores, including nightjars (family Caprimulgidae), are experiencing steep population declines across North America. The Whip-poor-will, which has declined by 69% since 1970, is an Oklahoma Species of Greatest Conservation Need that occurs in several Very High and High Priority Conservation Landscapes in the Ozarks and Ouachita Mountains Regions. Yet, the Whip-poor-will’s population status and habitat associations are unknown in Oklahoma, largely due to the challenge of monitoring this and other nocturnal nightjar species. This project will increase information about Whip-poor-will and other Oklahoma nightjars through the development, validation, and implementation of a survey protocol that can be used in the future by ODWC to evaluate nightjar distributions and trends. This research is a collaboration between the USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma State University, and the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. This project will substantially increase knowledge about Whip-poor-will and other nightjars in Oklahoma, providing a baseline for monitoring future changes in population status, and benefiting rangewide conservation efforts to recover the Whip-poor-will’s North American population.
Movements and population demography of pronghorn in western Oklahoma	June 2026	The pronghorn (<i>Antilocapra americana</i>) is a popular big game species in Oklahoma and a conservation success story across the American West. However, pronghorn populations in Oklahoma are currently restricted to the panhandle region, which is typically characterized by extreme weather events, high variability in resource availability, and an increasing influence of anthropogenic activities associated with agricultural operations and energy infrastructure. Recent apparent population declines and suspected low recruitment have prompted questions regarding causes of decline. This research will estimate pronghorn survival and cause-specific mortality, fecundity and recruitment rates, and movement patterns. This project also leverages historical survey data collected by ODWC to evaluate population trends and growth rate. This research is a collaboration between the USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma State University, East Central University, Texas A&M Kingsville, and the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. The combined information from this research will assist ODWC in managing pronghorn by providing specific recommendations related to monitoring, harvest, and habitat management.	The pronghorn (<i>Antilocapra americana</i>) is a popular big game species in Oklahoma and a conservation success story across the American West. However, pronghorn populations in Oklahoma are currently restricted to the panhandle region, which is typically characterized by extreme weather events, high variability in resource availability, and an increasing influence of anthropogenic activities associated with agricultural operations and energy infrastructure. Recent apparent population declines and suspected low recruitment have prompted questions regarding causes of decline. This research will estimate pronghorn survival and cause-specific mortality, fecundity and recruitment rates, and movement patterns. This project also leverages historical survey data collected by ODWC to evaluate population trends and growth rate. This research is a collaboration between the USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma State University, East Central University, Texas A&M Kingsville, and the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. The combined information from this research will assist ODWC in managing pronghorn by providing specific recommendations related to monitoring, harvest, and habitat management.
Evaluating the population status of black bears in the Oklahoma Panhandle	June 2024	The American black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) is an economically and ecologically important game species of management interest across its distribution. Western Oklahoma has seen an increase in black bear observations and bear-human conflict reports. It is unclear if bears occurring in the Oklahoma panhandle constitute a resident population or transient individuals dispersing from neighboring states. To effectively manage bears in western Oklahoma and minimize or mitigate bear-human conflicts, managers require reliable information on the distribution, abundance, and origin of bears in the region. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify factors influencing black bear detection, evaluate black bear space use, and identify factors associated with black bear occurrence, (2) estimate the number and sex ratio of black bears, and (3) assess connectivity of black bears in the Oklahoma panhandle with populations in New Mexico and Colorado. This research is a collaboration between the USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma State University, and the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.	The American black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) is an economically and ecologically important game species of management interest across its distribution. Western Oklahoma has seen an increase in black bear observations and bear-human conflict reports. It is unclear if bears occurring in the Oklahoma panhandle constitute a resident population or transient individuals dispersing from neighboring states. To effectively manage bears in western Oklahoma and minimize or mitigate bear-human conflicts, managers require reliable information on the distribution, abundance, and origin of bears in the region. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify factors influencing black bear detection, evaluate black bear space use, and identify factors associated with black bear occurrence, (2) estimate the number and sex ratio of black bears, and (3) assess connectivity of black bears in the Oklahoma panhandle with populations in New Mexico and Colorado. This research is a collaboration between the USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma State University, and the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.
Evaluating patterns of occurrence for native and nonnative mammals	May 2024	The spatial distribution of species is of primary interest to ecologists and resource managers. Patterns of species occurrence are influenced by combinations of bottom-up, top-down, and parallel (e.g., competition) processes, but the relative importance of these processes may be influenced by trophic level, landscapes of fear, and habitat degradation or disturbance. Thus, effective management and conservation of wildlife populations requires information on processes driving patterns of co-occurrence among species. In the southern United States, invasive feral swine (<i>Sus scofa</i>; hereafter, wild pigs) have had significant impacts on natural resource management. Wild pigs alter vegetation, water quality, and soil characteristics through rooting behaviors and, consequently, have been referred to as ecosystem engineers that may influence habitat quality for native wildlife. Studies evaluating the direct and indirect impacts of wild pigs have focused largely on their influence on vegetation, ground nesting birds, and island endemics. Pervasive disturbance by wild pigs may influence native mammal diversity and patterns of occurrence. Our project objectives are to evaluate patterns of wild pig space use and factors influencing use and investigate the influence of wild pig space use on native mammal communities. This research is a collaboration between the USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma State University, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The results of this study will be used to inform natural resource management within the Wichita Mountain Wildlife Refuge.	The spatial distribution of species is of primary interest to ecologists and resource managers. Patterns of species occurrence are influenced by combinations of bottom-up, top-down, and parallel (e.g., competition) processes, but the relative importance of these processes may be influenced by trophic level, landscapes of fear, and habitat degradation or disturbance. Thus, effective management and conservation of wildlife populations requires information on processes driving patterns of co-occurrence among species. In the southern United States, invasive feral swine (<i>Sus scofa</i>; hereafter, wild pigs) have had significant impacts on natural resource management. Wild pigs alter vegetation, water quality, and soil characteristics through rooting behaviors and, consequently, have been referred to as ecosystem engineers that may influence habitat quality for native wildlife. Studies evaluating the direct and indirect impacts of wild pigs have focused largely on their influence on vegetation, ground nesting birds, and island endemics. Pervasive disturbance by wild pigs may influence native mammal diversity and patterns of occurrence. Our project objectives are to evaluate patterns of wild pig space use and factors influencing use and investigate the influence of wild pig space use on native mammal communities. This research is a collaboration between the USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma State University, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The results of this study will be used to inform natural resource management within the Wichita Mountain Wildlife Refuge.
Project Snapshot: USA	December 2029	As the country undergoes rapid development and alteration to accommodate our growing human population, it becomes ever more important to have baseline data regarding wildlife populations and distribution so we can identify how our actions affect wildlife. Snapshot USA is a coordinated, nationwide camera trapping study aimed at collecting rigorous, long-term baseline data regarding mammalian communities across the country and in different environments. Contributors from all 50 states collect and share data in a standardized fashion. This growing body of publicly-available data will form the foundation for numerous high-impact investigations on the impacts of humans on wildlife and mammal community assembly rules. CRU scientists from different Units including Brett DeGregorio, Robert Lonsinger, Erin Buchholtz, Mike Booth, and Steve Gray contribute to Snapshot USA. They join co-collaborators from state, federal, and tribal entities as well as universities and NGOs. The publicly-available data set generated by Snapshot USA has already proven extremely valuable to practitioners looking to track population declines, changes in distribution, changes in behavior, and changes in community assembly in relation to landscape or anthropogenic factors.	As the country undergoes rapid development and alteration to accommodate our growing human population, it becomes ever more important to have baseline data regarding wildlife populations and distribution so we can identify how our actions affect wildlife. Snapshot USA's goal is to facilitate the collaboration of cooperators to contribute to a national database of public wildlife data. This nationwide data is being used to examine nationwide trends in mammal community assembly rules associated with natural environmental and anthropogenic filters. Collaborators from all 50 states have and continue to contribute camera trap data from a standardized camera trap array at the same time from each site and the Smithsonian Institute compiles and makes available these data. Brett DeGregorio has been contributing data to this coordinated effort since 2019, first in Arkansas and now in Michigan. To date, Brett and his students have provided data from 6 study sites in Arkansas and will shortly be contributing from 3 in Michigan. Data provided should provide information regarding the occupancy of mesopredators, activity patterns of animals across the country and between habitats, and relatively density of several common species of mammals. This effort continues to expand each year to include more contributors and even additional countries. This database is being established as one of the largest camera trap image repositories in existence and provides the raw material for numerous large-scale ecological examinations of mammal populations.
Evaluating striped bass exploitation in the Arkansas River basin	September 2023	Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) is an economically important sportfish that often congregates in tailwater habitats, where they are potentially vulnerable to overharvest. The project is a collaboration of researchers from the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State university, and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. This study will evaluate the current population demographics, exploitation rate, and movement patterns of Striped Bass from tailwater habitats of the Lower Illinois and Canadian Rivers and the mainstem Arkansas River to determine the potential for growth overfishing of tailwater fisheries. A delayed hooking mortality study will also be conducted to evaluate the mortality rate of fish that are captured but not harvested to allow better predictions of the effectiveness of restrictive bag limits. The above data will be evaluated with a population harvest model to determine the optimum harvest regulations for sustaining quality fishing in this fishery.	Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) is an economically important sportfish that often congregates in tailwater habitats, where they are potentially vulnerable to overharvest. The project is a collaboration of researchers from the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma State university, and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. This study will evaluate the current population demographics, exploitation rate, and movement patterns of Striped Bass from tailwater habitats of the Lower Illinois and Canadian Rivers and the mainstem Arkansas River to determine the potential for growth overfishing of tailwater fisheries. A delayed hooking mortality study will also be conducted to evaluate the mortality rate of fish that are captured but not harvested to allow better predictions of the effectiveness of restrictive bag limits. The above data will be evaluated with a population harvest model to determine the optimum harvest regulations for sustaining quality fishing in this fishery.
Determining crayfish invasion potential across the landscape	December 2023	Crayfish is a globally diverse group of invertebrates and one of the most important taxa in North American streams. Many crayfishes are identified as species of concern due to anthropogenic alteration, narrow distributions, and interactions with invasive crayfish. An estimated 48% of North American crayfish are at risk of extinction and widespread stream changes may result from loss of crayfish species despite their important role in stream structure and function, including a primary diet item of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). The project is a collaboration between the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and the Oklahoma Cooperative Research Unit. We will compile existing crayfish data, determine the hierarchical structure of habitats associated with crayfishes, determine crayfish demographics, and determine factors related to the spread of non-native crayfishes within the Ozark Highlands ecoregion. These data are valuable for developing strategies for removal in possible locations, monitoring vectors if necessary, and developing important linkages between key prey and sportfish populations.	Crayfish is a globally diverse group of invertebrates and one of the most important taxa in North American streams. Many crayfishes are identified as species of concern due to anthropogenic alteration, narrow distributions, and interactions with invasive crayfish. An estimated 48% of North American crayfish are at risk of extinction and widespread stream changes may result from loss of crayfish species despite their important role in stream structure and function, including a primary diet item of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). The project is a collaboration between the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation and the Oklahoma Cooperative Research Unit. We will compile existing crayfish data, determine the hierarchical structure of habitats associated with crayfishes, determine crayfish demographics, and determine factors related to the spread of non-native crayfishes within the Ozark Highlands ecoregion. These data are valuable for developing strategies for removal in possible locations, monitoring vectors if necessary, and developing important linkages between key prey and sportfish populations.
Flow-ecology relationships of Red River stream fishes	December 2020	Changes in weather patterns and anthropogenic disturbance have severely altered stream ecosystems. Consequently, stream fishes are declining at an alarming rate due in part to changes to flow regimes. Despite improved theoretical perspectives and analytical advancements, stream fish flow-ecology relationships remain poorly understood. This project is a collaboration among multiple U.S. Geological Survey Water Science Centers and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit to provide tools to stakeholders needed to allow stakeholders to develop policies that balance human water-use needs with the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. We are using modeled streamflow data and assemblage-level surveys from 1980-2016 to examine flow-ecology relationships of Red River stream fishes. In addition to providing important ecological information, the model will be used to predict future Red River stream fish distributions under different climate change and groundwater pumping scenarios. The resulting models from the ecological portion of the project will contribute to the development of conservation and management strategies and water-use policies in the south-central United States.	Changes in weather patterns and anthropogenic disturbance have severely altered stream ecosystems. Consequently, stream fishes are declining at an alarming rate due in part to changes to flow regimes. Despite improved theoretical perspectives and analytical advancements, stream fish flow-ecology relationships remain poorly understood. This project is a collaboration among multiple U.S. Geological Survey Water Science Centers and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit to provide tools to stakeholders needed to allow stakeholders to develop policies that balance human water-use needs with the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. We are using modeled streamflow data and assemblage-level surveys from 1980-2016 to examine flow-ecology relationships of Red River stream fishes. In addition to providing important ecological information, the model will be used to predict future Red River stream fish distributions under different climate change and groundwater pumping scenarios. The resulting models from the ecological portion of the project will contribute to the development of conservation and management strategies and water-use policies in the south-central United States.
Evaluating sustainable water availability in drought prone watersheds of southeast Oklahoma	March 2020	A better understanding of how drought and fragmentation of watersheds interact to structure aquatic communities, alter the vulnerability of species to local extirpation, and determine the trajectory of recovery from disturbance is needed to inform proactive conservation and management actions. This project is a collaboration between the Chickasaw Nation, Aquastrategies, and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Our objective is to examine the effects of previous droughts on fish populations. We will compile fisheries data sets that have been temporally replicated within the Red River Basin. Hydrologic regime will be characterized to develop statistical relationships among fish traits, species, and indicators of drought. Our results will show which traits are most susceptible to drought, and which spatial locations have been most problematic for recovery following drought. The resulting model will be useful to developing water-management strategies in the basin that support both vulnerable fish populations and human needs.	A better understanding of how drought and fragmentation of watersheds interact to structure aquatic communities, alter the vulnerability of species to local extirpation, and determine the trajectory of recovery from disturbance is needed to inform proactive conservation and management actions. This project is a collaboration between the Chickasaw Nation, Aquastrategies, and the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Our objective is to examine the effects of previous droughts on fish populations. We will compile fisheries data sets that have been temporally replicated within the Red River Basin. Hydrologic regime will be characterized to develop statistical relationships among fish traits, species, and indicators of drought. Our results will show which traits are most susceptible to drought, and which spatial locations have been most problematic for recovery following drought. The resulting model will be useful to developing water-management strategies in the basin that support both vulnerable fish populations and human needs.
Blue Sucker movement and population demographics in rivers of the southern plains	August 2018	Globally, human alterations to river systems have resulted in the decline of migratory large-river fish populations. The Red River basin is home to several migratory large-river fishes that are considered species of conservation concern. This project focuses on the movement patterns and population dynamics of Blue Suckers in the lower Red River basin (downriver of Lake Texoma).	Globally, human alterations to river systems have resulted in the decline of migratory large-river fish populations. The Red River basin is home to several migratory large-river fishes that are considered species of conservation concern. This project focuses on the movement patterns and population dynamics of Blue Suckers in the lower Red River basin (downriver of Lake Texoma). We used acoustic telemetry to document Blue Sucker movement at a coarse resolution. We found homing to the same tributaries for spawning to be common among our tagged fishes, but when fish strayed, it was common to an undammed tributary of the Red River.To better understand the variability of Blue Sucker recruitment, we examined the relationship between Blue Sucker abundance in each year class and the environmental flow conditions at the time each year class would have been born. Results suggest that years where adult Blue Suckers encounter natural flow pulses, rather than hydropeaking, result in strong year classes the following year. Additionally, low-flow conditions in the only undammed tributary we examined resulted in stronger year classes. This project was funded by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.
Assessing the spawning movement and habitat needs of riverine Neosho smallmouth bass	December 2019	Limited information is available about the movements of riverine Smallmouth Bass (SMB) in landscapes with prevalent river-reservoir interfaces. This is especially problematic for the Neosho subspecies of SMB given the distribution covers an interwoven landscape of rivers and reservoirs. Our research focuses on the movement and habitat use of the Neosho SMB with an emphasis on the reproductive and juvenile development periods. We are using radio telemetry to quantify movements and habitat use of adult and juvenile SMB in streams that vary in size, hydrology, and proximity to impoundments in the Ozark Highlands. We are conducting snorkel surveys on a diverse subset of stream reaches throughout the range of the Neosho SMB to understand the multi-scale habitat features and environmental conditions that influence SMB nest and age-0 SMB densities in Ozark streams. Lastly, we are quantifying days since hatch of young-of-year SMB via otoliths to determine the environmental relationships among hydrologic factors, hatch date, and daily growth. This project is funded by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. Project results will identify areas across the landscape that contribute substantially to reproduction and recruitment. Identifying the environmental conditions that support high yield will aid decision-based protective regulations or enhancements if desired by the management agencies.	Limited information is available about the movements of riverine Smallmouth Bass (SMB) in landscapes with prevalent river-reservoir interfaces. This is especially problematic for the Neosho subspecies of SMB given the distribution covers an interwoven landscape of rivers and reservoirs. Our research focuses on the movement and habitat use of the Neosho SMB with an emphasis on the reproductive and juvenile development periods. We are using radio telemetry to quantify movements and habitat use of adult and juvenile SMB in streams that vary in size, hydrology, and proximity to impoundments in the Ozark Highlands. We are conducting snorkel surveys on a diverse subset of stream reaches throughout the range of the Neosho SMB to understand the multi-scale habitat features and environmental conditions that influence SMB nest and age-0 SMB densities in Ozark streams. Lastly, we are quantifying days since hatch of young-of-year SMB via otoliths to determine the environmental relationships among hydrologic factors, hatch date, and daily growth. This project is funded by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. Project results will identify areas across the landscape that contribute substantially to reproduction and recruitment. Identifying the environmental conditions that support high yield will aid decision-based protective regulations or enhancements if desired by the management agencies.
Assessing the distribution and habitat needs of the least darter and sympatric species of the Ozark Highlands and Arbuckle Mountain ecoregions	September 2020	Isolated populations may benefit from different conservation and management activities. The Least Darter is a species of conservation concern that has two isolated populations occupying portions of the Arbuckle Mountain and Ozark Highlands ecoregions. Our study objective is to determine what environmental factors are related to Least Darter occupancy, while accounting for detection. Our general approach is to assess different environmental factors at multiple spatial scales to determine the relationships among microhabitats, reaches, and stream segments and occurrence of Least Darter and sympatric species. The major benefits will be identification of likely populations that can be used as the foundation for a targeted monitoring program, and 2) it will help identify stream segments that likely contain spring locations. We will also use fiber optics to map thermal patches at a fine scale, within two stream segments, and show how Least Darter distribute themselves in response to fine-scale habitat features (i.e., temperature, depth, velocity). This project is funded by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.	Isolated populations may benefit from different conservation and management activities. The Least Darter is a species of conservation concern that has two isolated populations occupying portions of the Arbuckle Mountain and Ozark Highlands ecoregions. Our study objective is to determine what environmental factors are related to Least Darter occupancy, while accounting for detection. Our general approach is to assess different environmental factors at multiple spatial scales to determine the relationships among microhabitats, reaches, and stream segments and occurrence of Least Darter and sympatric species. The major benefits will be identification of likely populations that can be used as the foundation for a targeted monitoring program, and 2) it will help identify stream segments that likely contain spring locations. We will also use fiber optics to map thermal patches at a fine scale, within two stream segments, and show how Least Darter distribute themselves in response to fine-scale habitat features (i.e., temperature, depth, velocity). This project is funded by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.
Movement and flow-recruitment relationships of Prairie Chubs: an endemic Great Plains cyprinid	June 2021	The Prairie Chub is classified as a pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinid based on phylogenetic relationships and shared morphological characteristics with other Macrhybopsis spp. Great Plains pelagic-spawning cyprinid populations have undergone substantial population and range declines due to their sensitivity to anthropogenic changes to the natural flow regime. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding Prairie Chub biology and life history; thus, little is known about specific factors (i.e., discharge magnitudes) that promote successful recruitment in the upper Red River basin. The purpose of this project is to improve the conservation and management of Prairie Chub and other pelagic broadcast minnows including members of the Macrhybopsis complex. We will assess movement at several locations to determine the relationship with recruitment. We will also evaluate the importance of flow regime metrics and relationships between hydrology and recruitment. This project was funded by the Oklahoma Department of Conservation and is a collaborative effort by the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Brewer) and Texas A&M University (co-PI, Perkin). This research will provide a useful ecological metric for informing future water management decisions that will help conserve populations of pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids in the upper Red River basin.	The Prairie Chub is classified as a pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinid based on phylogenetic relationships and shared morphological characteristics with other Macrhybopsis spp. Great Plains pelagic-spawning cyprinid populations have undergone substantial population and range declines due to their sensitivity to anthropogenic changes to the natural flow regime. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding Prairie Chub biology and life history; thus, little is known about specific factors (i.e., discharge magnitudes) that promote successful recruitment in the upper Red River basin. The purpose of this project is to improve the conservation and management of Prairie Chub and other pelagic broadcast minnows including members of the Macrhybopsis complex. We will assess movement at several locations to determine the relationship with recruitment. We will also evaluate the importance of flow regime metrics and relationships between hydrology and recruitment. This project was funded by the Oklahoma Department of Conservation and is a collaborative effort by the Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (Brewer) and Texas A&M University (co-PI, Perkin). This research will provide a useful ecological metric for informing future water management decisions that will help conserve populations of pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids in the upper Red River basin.
Effects of sucker gigging on riverine fish populations	June 2023	Sucker gigging is a cultural method of fish harvest throughout the Ozarks. Harvest during sucker gigging tournaments can be substantial (e.g., > 1,200 fish harvested in a weekend). Little is known about the effect of these fishing activities, but life-history characteristics of suckers (relatively long-lived and highly migratory) suggest these tournaments have the potential to affect fish communities over a large distance from the tournament locations . This study will evaluate the effects of sucker harvest on population dynamics in Spavinaw Creek and determine the harvest level at which overfishing would occur. This information is necessary to evaluate the possible need for harvest regulations on this cultural fishery to ensure sustainability of the fishery and ecosystem integrity.	Sucker gigging is a cultural method of fish harvest throughout the Ozarks. Harvest during sucker gigging tournaments can be substantial (e.g., > 1,200 fish harvested in a weekend). Little is known about the effect of these fishing activities, but life-history characteristics of suckers (relatively long-lived and highly migratory) suggest these tournaments have the potential to affect fish communities over a large distance from the tournament locations . This study will evaluate the effects of sucker harvest on population dynamics in Spavinaw Creek and determine the harvest level at which overfishing would occur. This information is necessary to evaluate the possible need for harvest regulations on this cultural fishery to ensure sustainability of the fishery and ecosystem integrity.
Assessing the effects of Stocked Rainbow Trout on Native Fishes	August 2021	Rainbow Trout are native only to the western United States but are stocked widely throughout the country to increase fishing opportunities for anglers. Competitive interactions have been shown to be condition specific (e.g., water temperature) and thus, may only occur seasonally or under certain environmental conditions. Understanding these differences is beneficial if there is interest in identifying conditions where stocking may be problematic for native fishes. Our research will determine how native fishes respond to the presence of trout via resource use and growth in both field and controlled laboratory settings. This project is a collaborative effort involving both the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission and Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. These data will provide information useful to agencies making future decisions about trout stocking in riverine systems.	Rainbow Trout are native only to the western United States but are stocked widely throughout the country to increase fishing opportunities for anglers. Competitive interactions have been shown to be condition specific (e.g., water temperature) and thus, may only occur seasonally or under certain environmental conditions. Understanding these differences is beneficial if there is interest in identifying conditions where stocking may be problematic for native fishes. Our research will determine how native fishes respond to the presence of trout via resource use and growth in both field and controlled laboratory settings. This project is a collaborative effort involving both the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission and Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. These data will provide information useful to agencies making future decisions about trout stocking in riverine systems.
Black bass angler harvest and opinions in relation to stream size, access, and fish diversity	June 2020	Understanding the diversity of anglers’ perception and valuation of fishing in Oklahoma streams is important by ODWC biologists for management. How anglers value the quality and experience of fishing at Illinois river and how they compare it with other tributaries of Lake Tenkiller (Baron Fork, and Caney Creek) may help in understanding and managing the expectations of anglers in these and similar-sized streams in the Ozark region of Oklahoma. Questions such as the value of river trips, total welfare loss if streams were inaccessible, and attitudes and preferences of anglers in maintaining high-quality fishing experience would provide invaluable information to fishery managers and help develop sound management strategy for ODWC. Survey-based valuations such as choice modelling coupled with creel surveys would allow researchers to fully evaluate the black bass fisheries in these systems.	Understanding the diversity of anglers’ perception and valuation of fishing in Oklahoma streams is important by ODWC biologists for management. How anglers value the quality and experience of fishing at Illinois river and how they compare it with other tributaries of Lake Tenkiller (Baron Fork, and Caney Creek) may help in understanding and managing the expectations of anglers in these and similar-sized streams in the Ozark region of Oklahoma. Questions such as the value of river trips, total welfare loss if streams were inaccessible, and attitudes and preferences of anglers in maintaining high-quality fishing experience would provide invaluable information to fishery managers and help develop sound management strategy for ODWC. Survey-based valuations such as choice modelling coupled with creel surveys are being used to allow managers to fully evaluate the black bass fisheries in these systems.
Determining factors associated with paddlefish restoration success in reservoirs	June 2021	This project will use side-scan sonar to quantify the proportional availability of suitable spawning substrate in major rivers of reservoirs where paddlefish are self-sustaining (Keystone and Oologah), not self-sustaining (Kaw and Texoma), and recently restored (Eufaula) or planned to be restored (Tenkiller). Additionally, this project will characterize the zooplankton communities at these rivers and reservoirs in relation to paddlefish needs at juvenile and adult life stages.	Paddlefish has been the focus of several restoration efforts in Oklahoma. This species supports several high profile fisheries in the state. Working with Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation biologists, this project will use side-scan sonar to quantify the proportional availability of suitable spawning substrate in major rivers of reservoirs where paddlefish are self-sustaining (Keystone and Oologah), not self-sustaining (Kaw and Texoma), and recently restored (Eufaula) or planned to be restored (Tenkiller). Additionally, this project will characterize the zooplankton communities at these rivers and reservoirs in relation to paddlefish needs at juvenile and adult life stages. This study will aid identification of factors affecting restoration success of paddlefish in reservoirs.
Assessing Distribution of Yaqui Catfish in the Rio Yaqui Drainage, US-Mexico	December 2021	Yaqui Catfish is a federally-threatened species, extirpated from in its native range in the wild in the US, and threatened in the remainder of its range in the Yaqui, Mayo, and Fuerte river basins of Mexico. The Rio Yaqui drainage basin is the largest of the three basins and is the only shared basin between the two countries where Yaqui Catfish occur. A major threat to Yaqui Catfish is hybridization with non-native Ictalurid species, particularly Channel Catfish , that have been stocked. Using existing data and surveys of eDNA samples, occurrences of Yaqui Catfish and non-native Channel Catfish will be overlaid on GIS coverages of hydrology, physiography, and land-use available from US and Mexico sources and modeled for relationships using occupancy models.	Yaqui Catfish is a federally-threatened species, extirpated from in its native range in the wild in the US, and threatened in the remainder of its range in the Yaqui, Mayo, and Fuerte river basins of Mexico. The Rio Yaqui drainage basin is the largest of the three basins and is the only shared basin between the two countries where Yaqui Catfish occur. A major threat to Yaqui Catfish is hybridization with non-native Ictalurid species, particularly Channel Catfish , that have been stocked. We are working with US Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region, using existing data and surveys of eDNA samples to model distribution of Yaqui Catfish and non-native Channel Catfish. This research will help identify factors affecting Yaqui Catfish occurrences and identify areas needed for recovery of the species.
Assessment of Prey Consumption and Body Condition of Missouri River Age-0 Scaphirhynchus Sturgeon	January 2021	The purpose of this study is to assess prey use and lipid content of age-0 sturgeon along a linear gradient of the lower Missouri River in relation to previously studied reaches.	The lower Missouri River has been highly modified for navigation, affecting resident sturgeon populations. We are working with US Army Corps of Engineers and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission to study the effect of habitat on prey use and lipid content of juvenile shovelnose sturgeon. Results of this study will be used in an adaptive management process that is evaluating how habitat modifications in the river are affecting juvenile sturgeon.
Assessing wild juvenile trout ecology in the lower Mountain Fork	June 2018	Reservoir tailwaters can be valuable fisheries for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which is commonly stocked as mitigation for the altered habitat because it performs well as a put-and-take species in these thermally depressed systems. These fisheries are usually sustained by stocking due to flow fluctuations and lack of suitable spawning habitat that may limit natural reproduction. The Lower Mountain Fork River (LMFR) below Broken Bow Dam in southeastern Oklahoma is one of two year-round trout fisheries in the state and wild, juvenile Rainbow Trout were documented beginning in 2006, prompting speculation about the potential for a self-sustaining population. To determine this potential, we searched several sites over two years throughout the LMFR for wild, juvenile Rainbow Trout to estimate several parameters related to their population status (e.g., age, growth, time of spawning and hatching, and prey use). We also assessed the availability of macroinvertebrate prey to determine how food resources may affect trout sustainability. We found wild, juvenile Rainbow Trout each year, but only at sites within the first 4.5 km of the 19-km tailwater. Juvenile trout were the result of spawning that took place from late January through mid-April. Growth and body condition were variable between years, but similar to other systems. Weekly survival estimates using catch curves were low (<80%), suggesting limited potential for recruitment; however, declining catchability of larger juvenile fish likely biased these estimates. Wild, juvenile Rainbow Trout ate a variety of food items, but selected for Amphipoda and Diplostraca and against Trichoptera. Overlap in diet with adult Rainbow Trout was low (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity = 0.70). Macroinvertebrate prey resources available to trout varied among management zones, being most abundant in Zone 1 and Zone 3. Potential for a wild fishery may exist in the upper portion of the LMFR but additional research on recruitment to adulthood would be required to provide a more definitive answer.	Reservoir tailwaters can be valuable fisheries for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which is commonly stocked as mitigation for the altered habitat because it performs well as a put-and-take species in these thermally depressed systems. These fisheries are usually sustained by stocking due to flow fluctuations and lack of suitable spawning habitat that may limit natural reproduction. The Lower Mountain Fork River (LMFR) below Broken Bow Dam in southeastern Oklahoma is one of two year-round trout fisheries in the state and wild, juvenile Rainbow Trout were documented beginning in 2006, prompting speculation about the potential for a self-sustaining population. To determine this potential, we searched several sites over two years throughout the LMFR for wild, juvenile Rainbow Trout to estimate several parameters related to their population status (e.g., age, growth, time of spawning and hatching, and prey use). We also assessed the availability of macroinvertebrate prey to determine how food resources may affect trout sustainability. We found wild, juvenile Rainbow Trout each year, but only at sites within the first 4.5 km of the 19-km tailwater. Juvenile trout were the result of spawning that took place from late January through mid-April. Growth and body condition were variable between years, but similar to other systems. Weekly survival estimates using catch curves were low (<80%), suggesting limited potential for recruitment; however, declining catchability of larger juvenile fish likely biased these estimates. Wild, juvenile Rainbow Trout ate a variety of food items, but selected for Amphipoda and Diplostraca and against Trichoptera. Overlap in diet with adult Rainbow Trout was low (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity = 0.70). Macroinvertebrate prey resources available to trout varied among management zones, being most abundant in Zone 1 and Zone 3. Potential for a wild fishery may exist in the upper portion of the LMFR but additional research on recruitment to adulthood would be required to provide a more definitive answer.
Determine the distribution of state-endangered Longnose Darter through niche model transferability	December 2018	The purpose of this study is to develop an environmental niche model and determine the presence of Longnose Darter in the Poteau River system, particularly in the streams where the species has previously been documented (Poteau River and Brazil Creek) or translocated (Blackfork Creek).	The Longnose Darter is a rare fish species in Oklahoma, designated as endangered in the state . The purpose of this study is to develop an environmental niche model and determine the presence of Longnose Darter in the Poteau River system, particularly in the streams where the species has previously been documented (Poteau River and Brazil Creek) or translocated (Blackfork Creek). Working with Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation biologists, we are developing models to help identify novel locations where Longnose Darters might occur, leading toward conservation of the species in the state.
Assessing the potential for rainbow trout reproduction in tributaries of the Mountain Fork River below Broken Bow dam	June 2016	Rainbow trout are released in the Mountain Fork River beneath Broken Bow Reservoir because the water released from the bottom of the dam is cold enough to support them. Natural reproduction in the small tributaries of larger rivers are often overlooked because the tributaries are often thought to be too small or warm. The objective of this study is to determine if the small tributaries near the dam support rainbow trout reproduction.	Stocked trout (Salmonidae) in reservoir tailwater systems in the southern US have been shown to use tributary streams for spawning and rearing. The lower Mountain Fork below Broken Bow Dam is one of two year-round tailwater trout fisheries in Oklahoma, but the only one with evidence of reproduction by stocked Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). Whether stocked trout use tributaries in this system for spawning is unknown. Working in collaboration with US Forest Service and Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation biologists, we surveyed 10 tributaries to the lower Mountain Fork, for evidence of spawning by Rainbow Trout. Stocked adult trout were found in three tributaries in 2015 and wild juvenile Rainbow Trout were found in Bee Branch in 2015 and in an intermittent tributary of Spillway Creek, just above the “Cold Hole”, in 2016. These results fill an information gap for small streams in the Ouachita Mountains and demonstrate that some are suitable for Rainbow Trout reproduction, which are useful data for biologists managing for trout fishing in the state.

Research Publications

Research Publications	Publication Date
Zimmerman, T. J., and J. A. Jenks, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2006. Gastrointestinal morphology of female white-tailed and mule deer: effects of fire, reproduction, and feeding type. Journal of Mammalogy 87:598-605.	June 2006
Zimmerman, T. J., J. A. Jenks, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. D. Neiger. 2008. Hepatic minerals of white-tailed deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 44:341-350.	May 2008
Zhou, Y., Garey A. Fox, Ronald Miller, Robert Mollenhauer, and Shannon K. Brewer. 2018. Groundwater Flux Estimation in Streams: A Thermal Equilibrium Approach. Journal of Hydrology 561:822-832.	July 2018
Young, J.K, A.R. Butler, J.D. Holbrook, H. Shamon, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2023. Mesocarnivores of western landscapes in LB McNew, DK Dahlgren, and JL Beck, editors. Rangeland Wildlife Ecology and Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34037-6_16. \| Abstract	September 2023	This book chapter reviews the current state of knowledge on mesocarnivores in working landscapes of western North America, including, natural history of mesocarnivores, the ecological role of mesocarnivores, and the influence or ranching, harvest, and predator control on mesocarnivores. This chapter will be included in the book Wildlife Ecology in Working Landscapes of the West
Worthington, TA, SK Brewer, TB Grabowski, and J Mueller. 2014. Backcasting the decline of a vulnerable Great Plains reproductive ecotype: Identifying threats and conservation priorities. Global Change Biology 20:89-102. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12329	January 2014
Worthington, TA, SK Brewer, N Farless, TB Grabowski, and MS Gregory. 2014. Factors affecting the transport time of semibuoyant fish eggs in large, altered river systems. PLoS ONE 9(5): e96599. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096599	May 2014
Worthington, TA, SK Brewer and N Farless. 2013. Spatial and Temporal Variation in Efficiency of the Moore Egg Collector. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 33:1113-1118.	October 2013
Worthington, TA, AE Echelle, JS Perkin, R Mollenhauer, N Farless, J Dyer, D Logue, and SK Brewer. 2018. The emblematic minnows of the North American Great Plains: A synthesis of threats and conservation opportunities. Fish and Fisheries 19:271-307.	January 2018
Worthington, T.A., S.K. Brewer, T.B. Grabowski, and J. Mueller.2013. Evaluating the sampling efficiency of the Moore egg collector. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 33:79-88. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	January 2013	Quantitative studies focusing on the collection of semibuoyant fish eggs, which are associated with a pelagic broadcast-spawning reproductive strategy, are often conducted to evaluate reproductive success. Many of the fishes in this reproductive guild have suffered significant reductions in range and abundance. However, the efficiency of the sampling gear used to evaluate reproduction is often unknown and renders interpretation of the data from these studies difficult. Our objective was to assess the efficiency of a modified Moore egg collector (MEC) using field and laboratory trials. Gear efficiency was assessed by releasing a known quantity of gellan beads with a specific gravity similar to that of eggs from representatives of this reproductive guild (e.g., the Arkansas River Shiner Notropis girardi) into an outdoor flume and recording recaptures. We also used field trials to determine how discharge and release location influenced gear efficiency given current methodological approaches. The flume trials indicated that gear efficiency ranged between 0.0% and 9.5% (n = 57) in a simple 1.83-m-wide channel and was positively related to discharge. Efficiency in the field trials was lower, ranging between 0.0% and 3.6%, and was negatively related to bead release distance from the MEC and discharge. The flume trials indicated that the gellan beads were not distributed uniformly across the channel, although aggregation was reduced at higher discharges. This clustering of passively drifting particles should be considered when selecting placement sites for anMEC; further, the use of multiple devices may be warranted in channels with multiple areas of concentrated flow.
Worthington, T. A., S. K. Brewer, B. Viex, and J. Keenen. 2019. The accuracy of ecological flow metrics derived using a physics-based distributed rainfall-runoff model in the Great Plains, USA. Ecohydrology https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2090. .	July 2019
Woodward, A. J. W., S. D. Fuhlendorf, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. Shackford. 2001. Influence of landscape composition and change on lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) populations. American Midland Naturalist 145:261-274.	April 2001
Wolfenkoehler, W., J.M. Long, R. Gary, R.A. Snow, J.D. Schooley, L. A. Bruckerhoff, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Viability of side-scan sonar to enumerate Paddlefish, a large pelagic freshwater fish, in rivers and reservoirs. Fisheries Research 261:106639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106639	January 2023
Wolf, S., R. Mollenhauer, and S. K. Brewer. 2019. Coldwater periods in warmwater streams: microhabitat shifts from autumn to winter by Smallmouth Bass. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 39:1360-1372.	December 2019
Winton, B. R., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2004. Density and habitat associations of great horned owls in north-central Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 84:75-77.	March 2005
Winton, B. R., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2004. Denisty and habitat associations of barred owls at the edge of their range in Oklahoma. Southeastern Naturalist 3:475-482.	October 2004
Winton, B. R., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2003. Nest sites and conservation of endangered interior least terns Sterna antillarum athalassos on an aklaline flat in the south-central Great Plains (USA). Acta Ornithologica 38:135-141.	January 2004
Winton, B. R., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1999. Relative abundance and diversity of Ciconiiforms in north-central Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 79:41-44.	November 1999
Winton, B. R., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1997. Breeding ecology of American avocets (Recurvirostra americana) in northcentral Oklahoma. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society 30:25-32.	July 1997
Winton, B. R., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. R. Rupert. 2000. Breeding ecology and management of snowy plovers in north-central Oklahoma. Journal of Field Ornithology 71:573-584.	December 2000
Winter, S. L., S. D. Fuhlendorf, C. L. Goad, C. A. Davis, K. R. Hickman, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2011. Fire tolerance of a resprouting Artemisia (Asteraceae) shrub. Plant Ecology 212:2085-2094.	December 2011
Winter, S. L. S. D. Fuhlendorf, C. L. Goad, C. A. Davis, K. R. Hickman, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2012. Restoration of the fire-grazing interaction in Artemisia filifolia shrubland. Journal of Applied Ecology 49:242-250.	January 2012
Winkelman, D. L., and M. J. Van Den Avyle. 2002. A comparison of diets of blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) and threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense) in a large southeastern U. S. reservoir. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 17(2):209-221.	June 2002
Williams, K. SK Brewer, and MR Ellersieck.2014. A comparison of two gears for quantifying abundance of lotic-dwelling crayfish. Journal of Crustacean Biology 35:54-60.	January 2014
Whittier, J. B., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2009. Survival and movement of chicks of the least tern (Sterna antillarum) on an aklaline flat. Southwestern Naturalist 54:176-181.	April 2009
Whittier, J. B., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Efficacy of using radio transmitters to monitor least tern chicks. Wilson Bulletin 117:85-91.	April 2005
Whittier, J. B., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. A. Van Den Bussche. Genetic variation among subspecies of least tern (Sterna antillarum): implications for conservation. Waterbirds 29:176-184.	July 2006
Whittier, J. B., B. R. Winton, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1999. Common nighthawk nesting on an exposed alkaline flat. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society 32:29-31.	November 1999
Whitledge, G.W., R.L. Lance, J.M. Long, B. Neely, and J.D. Schooley. 2019. Applications of emerging fisheries techniques for paddlefish. Pages 127-150 in J.D. Schooley and D. Scharnecchia, editors. Paddlefish: Ecological, Aquacultural, and Regulatory Challenges of Managing a Global Resource. American Fisheries Society Symposium 88, Bethesda, MD. \| Abstract	July 2019	Recent advances in fisheries techniques have provided insights into distribution, abundance, habitat use, and life history for several fish species, many of which are applicable to Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula). We highlight three new, promising techniques for assessing Paddlefish populations, including: hard-part chemistry for identifying sources of recruits (both wild and stocked fish) and reconstructing environmental history of individual fish, advances in sonar technology for habitat mapping and abundance estimation, and development of eDNA as a detection tool where traditional fisheries gears are insufficient. We also identify potential impediments to applications of these techniques and recommend steps needed to further assess and enhance their applicability to Paddlefish management and conservation.
White, K. M., J. D. Stafford, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2023 The first documented interaction between a long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata) and a plains spotted skunk (Spilogale interrupta) carcass. Ecology and Evolution 13(1):e9758. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9758 \| Abstract \| Download	January 2023	A novel interaction between a long-tailed weasel (<i>Mustela frenata</i>) and a plains spotted skunk (<i>Spilogale interrupta</i>) carcass is detailed. In November 2020, a farmer in Edmunds County in north-central South Dakota sent in a video recording of a long-tailed weasel with a spotted skunk carcass. Location of the event, carcass condition, and recorded behavior of the long-tailed weasel offers probable, but unconfirmed, evidence that the spotted skunk was killed by the long-tailed weasel.
White, K. M., A. M. Cheeseman, J. D. Stafford, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2024. Pasture and diurnal temperature are key predictors of regional Plains Spotted Skunk (Spilogale interrupta) distribution. Journal of Mammalogy. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyae063 \| Abstract	June 2024	The plains spotted skunk (<i>Spilogale interrupta</i>) is a small carnivore native to central North America that has experienced significant population reductions, and there is a lack of information about the species that could inform conservation efforts. Our study aimed to address knowledge gaps about the distribution and habitat associations of the species in South Dakota using species distribution modeling. We used species location data collected from state natural resource managers, trappers, and members of hunting and wildlife social groups, environmental predictors, and six predictive modeling algorithms (i.e., artificial neural networks, artificial classification tree analysis, generalized boosting models, maximum entropy, multivariate adaptive regression splines, and random forests) to develop climate and landcover ensemble distribution models. The most important climate and landcover predictors were mean temperature diurnal range and proportion of area classified as pasture. Ensemble model concordance identified approximately 31,300 km<sup>2</sup> of potential plains spotted skunk habitat primarily in eastern South Dakota and between the watersheds of the Missouri and James River. Our results offer insights that can guide conservation efforts and inform effective management strategies for conserving plains spotted skunk populations in the northern Great Plains. The promotion of low-intensity agricultural practices, such as maintaining pastures, farm buildings, and fences rows and the management of woodland encroachment may improve habitat suitability and facilitate the recovery of plains spotted skunks in the region.
Weyandt, S. E., R. A. Van Den Bussche, M. J. Hamilton, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Unraveling the effects of sex and dispersal: Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) conservation genetics . Journal of Mammalogy 86:1136-1143.	December 2005
Wethington, T. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., M. S. Gregory, and M. K. Wethington. 1997. Vegetational structure and land-use relative to cave selection by endangered Ozark big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens). Southwestern Naturalist 42:177-181.	January 1997
Wethington, T. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., M. S. Gregory, and M. K. Wethington. 1996. Prehibernation habitat use and foraging activity by endangered Ozark big-eared bats (Plecotus townsendii ingens). American Midland Naturalist 135:218-230.	November 1996
Webb, R. E., D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. L. Lochmiller, and R. E. Masters. 2005. Impact of food supplementation and methionine on high densities of cotton rats: support of the amino-acid-quality hypothesis? Journal of Mammalogy 86:46-55.	February 2005
Webb, R. E., D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. L. Lochmiller, and R. E. Masters. 2003. Immune function and hematology of male cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in response to food supplementation and methionine. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, A. Molecular and Integrative Physiology 136:577-589.	November 2003
Webb, R. E., D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. L. Lochmiller, and R. E. . 2005. Impact of food supplementation and methionine on high densities of cotton rats: support of the amino-acid-quality hypothesis? Journal of Mammalogy 86:46-55.	February 2005
Webb, R. E., D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. L. Lochmiller, and R. E. . 2003. Immune function and hematology of male cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in response to food supplementation and methionine. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, A. Molecular and Integrative Physiology 136:577-589.	November 2003
Walter, W.D., and D.M. Leslie, Jr. 2009. Stable isotope ratio analysis to differentiate temporal diets of a free-ranging herbivore. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 23(14): 2190−2194	October 2009
Walter, W. D., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2002. Harvest strategies and numbers of elk (Cervus elaphus) in Oklahoma, 1987-2201. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 82:89-94.	March 2003
Walter, W. D., T. J. Zimmerman, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. A. Jenks. 2009. Dietary response of sympatric deer to fire using stable isotope analysis of liver tissue. Wildlife Biology in Practice 5:128-135.	December 2009
Walter, W. D., R. L. Bryant, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Unusual documentation of elk behaviors using automated cameras. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 85:81-83.	January 2006
Walter, W. D., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. A. Jenks. 2006. Response of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) to wind-power development. American Midland Naturalist 156:363-375.	December 2006
Walter, W. D., D. M. Leslie, Jr., J. H. Herner-Thogmartin, K. G. Smith, and M. E. Cartwright. 2005. Efficacy of immobilizing free-ranging elk with Telazol and xylazine hydrochloride using tranmitter-equipped darts. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 41:395-400.	June 2005
Walter, W. D., D. M. Leslie, Jr., E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Engle. 2010. Identification of subpopulations of North American elk (Cervus elaphus) using multiple lines of evidence: habitat use, dietary choice, and fecal stable isotopes. Ecological Research 25:789-800.	March 2010
Walter, W. D. and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2009. Stable isotope ratio analysis to differentiate temporal diets of a free-ranging herbivore. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 23:2190–2194.	May 2009
Walsh, M. G., D. B. Fenner, D. L. Winkelman. 2002 Comparison of an electric seine and prepositioned area electrofishers for sampling stream fish communities. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 22:77-85.	February 2002
Turnley, M. T. , T. A. Hughes, R. T. Larsen, K. R. Hersey, M. S. Broadway, M. C. Chitwood, W. S. Fairbanks, R. C. Lonsinger, and B. R. McMillan. 2024. A fine-scale examination of parturition timing in temperate ungulates. Ecology and Evolution 14(7): e11703. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11703 \| Abstract	July 2024	1. Parturition timing has long been a topic of interest in ungulate research. However, few studies have examined parturition timing at fine scale (e.g., <1 day). Predator activity and environmental conditions can vary considerably with diel timing, which may result in selective pressure for parturition to occur during diel times that maximize the likelihood of neonate survival.<br>2. We monitored parturition events and early-life survival of elk (<i>Cervus canadensis</i>) and mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) in Utah, USA to better understand diel timing of parturition in temperate ungulates.<br>3. Diel timing of parturition was highly synchronous among conspecifics and influenced by environmental variables on the date of parturition. For elk, parturition events were most common during the morning crepuscular period and generally occurred later (i.e., closer to 12:00) when a relatively large proportion of the moon was illuminated. For mule deer, parturition events were most common during the diurnal period and generally occurred later (i.e., closer to 15:00) on cold, wet dates.<br>4. Diel timing of parturition did not influence neonate survival, but larger data sets may be required to verify the apparent lack of influence.<br>5. Although additional work could evaluate alternative variables that might affect parturition timing, our data provide an improved and finer-scale understanding of reproductive ecology and phenology in ungulates.
Tringali, M.D., J.M. Long, T.W. Birdsong, and M.S. Allen, editors. 2015. Black bass diversity: multidisciplinary science for conservation. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 82, Bethesda, Maryland.	February 2015
Townsend, D. E., II, R. L. Lochmiller, S. J. DeMaso, D. M. Leslie, Jr., A. D. Peoples, S. A. Cox, and E. S. Parry. 1999. Using supplemental food and its influence on survival of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Wildlife Society Bulletin 27:1074-1081.	November 1999
Townsend, D. E., II, R. E., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., S. J. De Maso, and A. D. Peoples. 2001. Characteristics of nest sites of northern bobwhites in western Oklahoma. Journal of Range Management 54:260-264.	March 2001
Townsend, D. E., II, R. E. Masters, R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., S. J. De Maso, and A. D. Peoples. 2001. Characteristics of nest sites of northern bobwhites in western Oklahoma. Journal of Range Management 54:260-264.	March 2001
Townsend, D. E., II, D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. L. Lochmiller, S. J. DeMaso, S. A. Cox, and A. D. Peoples. 2003. Fitness costs and benefits associated with dispersal of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). American Midland Naturalist 150:73-82.	July 2003
Torolski, H.M., J.M. Long, R.C. Lonsinger, and L.A. Bruckerhoff. 2024. Updated distribution for two freshwater mussel species of conservation concern in Oklahoma. Southeastern Naturalist 23:N44-N49.	September 2024
Thomas A. Worthington, Zhang, Tianjiao , Daniel R. Logue, Aaron R. Mittelstet, and Shannon K. Brewer. 2016. Landscape and flow metrics affecting the distribution of a federally-threatened fish: Improving management, model fit, and model transferability. Ecological Modelling 342 (2016) 1–18 \| Abstract	October 2016	Truncated distributions of pelagophilic fish have been observed across the Great Plains of North America, with water use and landscape fragmentation implicated as contributing factors. Developing conservation strategies for these species is hindered by the existence of multiple competing flow regime hypotheses related to species persistence. Our primary study objective was to compare the predicted distributions of one pelagophil, the Arkansas River Shiner Notropis girardi, constructed using different flow regime metrics. Further, we investigated different approaches for improving temporal transferability of the species distribution model (SDM). We compared mean annual flow with three additional flow metrics, the 75th percentile of daily flow, the number of zero-flow days, and the number of days above 55th percentile flows, to examine the relative importance of flows during the spawning period. Building on an earlier SDM, we added the covariates well water use, point-source discharges, and non-native species presence to a structured variable framework. We assessed the effects on model transferability and fit of reducing multicollinearity using Spearman’s rank correlations, variance inflation factors, and principal component analysis, as well as altering the regularization coefficient (β) within MaxEnt. The 75th percentile of daily flow was the most important flow metric related to structuring the species’ distribution. The number of wells and point source discharges were also highly ranked. At the default level of β, model transferability was improved using all methods to reduce collinearity; however, at higher levels of β, the correlation method performed best. Using β = 5 provided the best model transferability, while retaining the majority of variables that contributed 95% to the model. This study provides a workflow for improving model transferability and also presents water-management options that may be considered to improve the conservation status of pelagophils.
Taylor, AT, MR Bangs, and JM. Long. 2021. Sibship reconstruction from single-nucleotide polymorphisms illuminates the scope of a cryptic aquatic species invasion. Biological Invasions 23:569-580. doi:10.1007/s10530-020-02384-5	November 2020
Taylor, A.T., T. Hafen, C.T. Holley, A. Gonzalez, and J.M. Long. 2020. Spatial sampling bias and model complexity in stream-based species distribution models: a case study of Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) in the Arkansas River basin, U.S.A. Ecology and Evolution 10:705-717. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5913	January 2020
Taylor, A.T., M.D. Tringali, S.M. Sammons, T.R. Ingram, P.M. O'Rouke, D.L. Peterson, and J.M. Long. 2018. Genetic population structure of Shoal Bass within their native range. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 38:549-564. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10048 \| Abstract	June 2018	Endemic to the Apalachicola River Basin of the southeastern U.S., the Shoal Bass Micropterus cataractae is a fluvial-specialist sportfish that is imperiled because of anthropogenic habitat alteration. To counter population declines, restorative stocking efforts are becoming an increasingly relevant management strategy. However, population-genetic structure within the species is currently unknown, but could influence management decisions like brood source location. Leveraging a range-wide collaborative effort to collect and genotype specimens with 16 microsatellite loci, our objective was to characterize range-wide hierarchical population structure and genetic differentiation of Shoal Bass, including an examination of structuring mechanisms such as relatedness and inbreeding levels. Shoal Bass were collected from 13 distinct locations throughout its range (N ≥ 17 per location). Our results revealed appreciable population structure, with five distinct Shoal Bass populations identifiable at the uppermost hierarchical level that generally corresponded with natural geographic features and anthropogenic barriers. Additional substructure was recovered within several of these populations, wherein differences appeared related to spatial isolation and local population dynamics. An analysis of molecular variance revealed that 3.6% of the variation in our dataset was accounted for among three larger river drainages, whereas 87.4% was within the 13 sample sites. Results provide a population-genetic framework that can inform future management decisions, such as brood source location, so that genetic diversity within- and among- populations is conserved and overall adaptability of the species is maintained.
Taylor, A.T., M.D. Tringali, P.M. O'Rouke, and J.M. Long. 2018. Shoal Bass hybridization in the Chattahoochee River Basin near Atlanta, Georgia. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 5:1-9. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	April 2018	The shoal bass (Micropterus cataractae) is a sportfish endemic to the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Basin of the southeastern United<br>States. Introgression with several non-native congeners poses a pertinent threat to shoal bass conservation, particularly in the altered habitats of the<br>Chattahoochee River. Our primary objective was to characterize hybridization in shoal bass populations near Atlanta, Georgia, including a population<br>inhabiting Big Creek and another in the main stem Chattahoochee River below Morgan Falls Dam (MFD). A secondary objective was to examine the<br>accuracy of phenotypic identifications below MFD based on a simplified suite of characters examined in the field. Fish were genotyped with 16 microsatellite<br>DNA markers, and results demonstrated that at least four black bass species were involved in introgressive hybridization. Of 62 fish genotyped<br>from Big Creek, 27% were pure shoal bass and 65% represented either F1 hybrids of shoal bass x smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu) or unidirectional<br>backcrosses towards shoal bass. Of 29 fish genotyped below MFD and downstream at Cochran Shoals, 45% were pure shoal bass. Six hybrid shoal bass<br>included both F1 hybrids and backcrosses with non-natives including Alabama bass (M. henshalli), spotted bass (M. punctulatus), and smallmouth<br>bass. Shoal bass alleles comprised only 21% of the overall genomic composition in Big Creek and 31% below MFD (when combined with Cochran<br>Shoals). Phenotypic identification below MFD resulted in an overall correct classification rate of 86% when discerning pure shoal bass from all other<br>non-natives and hybrids. Results suggest that although these two shoal bass populations feature some of the highest introgression rates documented,<br>only a fleeting opportunity may exist to conserve pure shoal bass in both populations. Continued supplemental stocking of pure shoal bass below<br>MFD appears warranted to thwart increased admixture among multiple black bass taxa, and a similar stocking program could benefit the Big Creek<br>population. Further, selective removal of non-natives and hybrids, which appears to be practical with phenotypic identification, may provide increased<br>benefits towards conserving genetic integrity of these shoal bass populations.
Taylor, A.T., M. Papes, and J.M. Long. 2018. Incorporating fragmentation and non-native species into distribution models to inform fluvial fish conservation. Conservation Biology 32:171-182. doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13024 \| Publisher Website	January 2018
Taylor, A.T., J.M. Long, R.A. Snow, and M.J. Porta. 2020. Hybridization and population genetics of Alligator Gar in Lake Texoma. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 40:544-554.	June 2020
Taylor, A.T., J.M. Long, M.T. Tringali, and B.L Barthel. 2019. Conservation of black bass diversity: an emerging management paradigm. Fisheries 44:20-36. DOI: 10.1002/fsh.10187	January 2019
Taylor, A.T., J.M. Long, M.R. Schwemm, and S.K. Brewer. 2018. Hybridization and Genetic Structure of Neosho Smallmouth Bass in the Ozark Highlands. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 38:1226-1240 DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10225	October 2018
Taylor, A.T., H. von Schmeling, and J.M. Long. 2018. Photographs of Wading Bird Depredation Update Invasion Extent of Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus). Southeastern Naturalist 17:N72-N76.	November 2018
Taylor, A.T., A.M. Peeper, B. Chapagain, O. Joshi, and J.M. Long. 2022. Modern reporting methods for angler tag-return studies: trends in data quality, choice of method, and future consideration. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 42:189-199. DOI: 10.1002/nafj.10738	January 2022
Taylor, A.T. and J.M. Long. 2018. Genetic Integrity, Population Status, and Long-Term Viability of Isolated Populations of Shoal Bass in the Upper Chattahoochee River Basin, Georgia. Natural Resource Report NPS/CRNA/NRR--2018/1620. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24645.55528 \| Publisher Website	July 2018
Taylor, A., J.M. Long, M.R. Schwemm, M.D. Tringali, and S.K. Brewer. 2016. Identification of Neosho Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu velox) Stocks for Possible Introduction into Grand Lake, Oklahoma. Final Report to Environmental Department, The Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cooperator Science Series 121-2016. \| Publisher Website	September 2016
Taylor, A. T., and J. M. Long. 2022. Assessment of invasion extent of Asian Swamp Eels in ponds and backwater marshes adjacent to the Chattahoochee River, with consideration of management and control strategies. Natural Resource Report NPS/CHAT/NRR—2022/2357. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado.	February 2022
Sévêque, A., R. C. Lonsinger, L. P. Waits, K. E. Brzeski, L. M. Komoroske, C. N. Ott-Conn, S. L. Mayhew, D. C. Norton, T. R. Petroelje, J. D. Swenson, and D. J. Morin. In Review. Sources of bias in applying close-kin mark–recapture to terrestrial game species with different life histories. Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4244 \| Abstract	January 2024	1. Close-kin mark–recapture (CKMR) is a method analogous to traditional mark–recapture but without requiring recapture of individuals. Instead, multilocus genotypes (genetic marks) are used to identify proportions of related individuals detected in a single sampling occasion. An advantage of this novel method is that it enables the opportunistic use of samples from harvested wildlife. While the CKMR framework is mathematically straightforward, meeting key model assumptions is required to yield reliable results. Thus, it is important to explore the strengths and limitations of this emerging method under a range of scenarios to reveal potential obstacles and evaluate implications of violating model assumptions.<br>2. We used forward-in-time, individual-based simulations to evaluate the accuracy and precision of CKMR abundance and survival estimates in species with different longevities, mating systems, and sampling strategies. Simulated populations approximated a range of life histories among long-lived game species of North America with lethal sampling to evaluate the potential of using harvested samples to estimate population size. We conclude with a simulated example using a harvested Michigan black bear <i>Ursus americanus</i> population.<br>3. Our simulations show that CKMR can yield non-trivial biases in both survival and abundance estimates if deviations from the core assumptions are not explicitly incorporated in the modeling framework. The number of related kin pairs observed in the sample, in combination with the type of close kin estimator used (parent-offspring pairs or half-sibling pairs), can affect the precision and accuracy of the estimates. The Michigan black bear population exemplifies our findings, with biases in estimated population abundance ranging from -12% to +99%.<br>4. CKMR is a promising method that will likely see an increasing number of applications in the field as costs of genetic analyses continue to decline. However, our work highlights the importance of evaluating and accounting for all relevant parameters linked to the species of interest and the protocol through which individuals were sampled. Population simulations will be key to developing and validating increasingly complex models and making CKMR applicable to a greater number of species and systems.
Stewart, DR, JM Long, and DE Shoup. 2016. Simulation Modeling to Explore the Effects of Length-Based Harvest Regulations for Ictalurus Fisheries. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 36:1190-1204. DOI: 10.1080/02755947.2016.1204391 \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	September 2016	Management of Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus and Channel Catfish I. punctatus for trophy production has recently become more common. Typically, trophy management is attempted with length-based regulations that allow for the moderate harvest of small fish but restrict the harvest of larger fish. However, the specific regulations used vary considerably across populations, and no modeling efforts have evaluated their effectiveness. We used simulation modeling to compare total yield, trophy biomass (Btrophy), and sustainability (spawning potential ratio [SPR] > 0.30) of Blue Catfish and Channel Catfish populations under three scenarios: (1) current regulation (typically a length-based trophy regulation), (2) the best-performing minimum length regulation (MLRbest), and (3) the best-performing length-based trophy catfish regulation (LTRbest; “best performing” was defined as the regulation that maximized yield, Btrophy, and sustainability). The Btrophy produced did not differ among the three scenarios. For each fishery, the MLRbest and LTRbest produced greater yield (>22% more) than the current regulation and maintained sustainability at higher finite exploitation rates (>0.30) than the current regulation. The MLRbest and LTRbest produced similar yields and SPRs for Channel Catfish and similar yields for Blue Catfish; however, the MLRbest for Blue Catfish produced more resilient fisheries (higher SPR) than the LTRbest. Overall, the variation in yield, Btrophy, and SPR among populations was greater than the variation among regulations applied to any given population, suggesting that population-specific regulations may be preferable to regulations applied to geographic regions. We conclude that LTRs are useful for improving catfish yield and maintaining sustainability without overly restricting harvest but are not effective at increasing the Btrophy of catfish.
Stewart, DR, JM Long, and DE Shoup. 2015. Spatial structuring within a reservoir fish population: implications for management. Marine and Freshwater Research 66:202-212. \| Abstract	October 2014	Spatial structuring in reservoir fish populations can exist because of environmental gradients, species-specific behavior, or even localized fishing effort. The present study investigated whether white crappie exhibited evidence of improved population structure where the northern more productive half of a lake is closed to fishing to provide waterfowl hunting opportunities. Population response to angling was modeled for each sub-stock of white crappie (north [protected] and south [unprotected] areas), the entire lake (single-stock model), and by combining simulations of the two independent sub-stock models (additive model). White crappie in the protected area were more abundant, consisted of larger, older individuals, and exhibited a lower total annual mortality rate than in the unprotected area. Population modeling found fishing mortality rates between 0.1 and 0.3 resulted in sustainable populations, (spawning potential ratios [SPR] > 0.30). The population in the unprotected area appeared to be more resilient (SPR > 0.30) at the higher fishing intensities (0.35 – 0.55). Considered additively, the whole-lake fishery appeared more resilient than when modeled as a single-panmictic stock. These results provide evidence of spatial structuring in reservoir fish populations, and we recommend model assessments used to guide management decisions should consider those spatial differences in other populations where they exist.
Stewart, D.R., T. Hafen, D.A. Hendrickson, A.T. Taylor, A. Varela-Romero, D.H. Mason, J.C. Dysthe, T.W. Franklin, M.K. Young, K.S. McKelvey, M.K. Schwartz, and J.M. Long. 2024. Development and application of environmental DNA (eDNA) markers to assess factors affecting occupancy of the endangered Yaqui Catfish and non-native Channel Catfish in the Yaqui River basin, Mexico. Endangered Species Research 53:569-586. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01320	April 2024
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2016. Using an experimental manipulation to determine the effectiveness of a stock enhancement program. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 31:37-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2015.1021715 \| Abstract	March 2015	We used an experimental manipulation to determine the impact of stocking 178-mm channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in six large impoundments. The study design consisted of equal numbers (two) of control, ceased-stock, and stocked treatments that were sampled one year before and two years after stocking. Relative abundance, growth, size structure and average weight significantly changed over time based on samples collected with hoop nets. Catch rates decreased at both ceased-stock lakes and increased for one stocked lake, while growth rates changed for at-least one ceased-stock and stocked lake. The average weight of channel catfish in the ceased-stock treatment increased by 18 g and 365 g, whereas weight decreased by 274 g and 953 g in the both stocked lakes. The variability in observed responses between lakes in both ceased-stock and stocked treatments indicate that a one-size-fits-all stocking agenda is impractical, suggesting lake specific and density-dependent mechanisms affect channel catfish population dynamics.
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2012. Precision of channel catfish catch estimates using hoop nets in larger Oklahoma reservoirs. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 32:1108-1112. \| Abstract	October 2012	Hoop-nets are rapidly becoming the preferred gear type used to sample channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in impoundments and many managers have standardized the number of hoop-net series based on impoundment size with a maximum of eight in impoundments greater than 60 ha. However, the utility and precision of this approach in larger (> 200 ha) impoundments has not been tested. To determine how hoop-net number affected the catch of channel catfish in larger impoundments, we sampled six reservoirs greater than 200 ha using 16 tandem hoop-net series and estimated the number of net series required to achieve various levels of precision using Monte Carlo bootstrapping techniques. Catch rates were variable among and within impoundments and using 16 hoop-net series was effective at obtaining a relative standard error (RSE) of 25 in all but one lake; using eight series achieved a similar level of precision in only one impoundment. The required number of net series to achieve RSE of 25 or 15 was positively associated with CV of the sample but was not significantly correlated with reservoir surface area. Channel catfish have long been characterized as a habitat generalist suggesting that variability in catch would be low but our results had high variability by sampling site. Our results suggest that future studies describing habitat relationships for channel catfish in impoundments could improve sampling strategies.
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2016. Using hierarchical Bayesian multi-species mixture models to estimate tandem hoop-net based habitat associations and detection probabilities of fishes in reservoirs. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 145:450-461. DOI: 10.1080/00028487.2016.1143395 \| Abstract	April 2016	Species distribution models are useful tools to evaluate species-habitat relationships, though more often developed to evaluate factors controlling fish assemblages in lotic environment and less often in lentic systems. We evaluated species-habitat interactions for commonly captured fishes in six Oklahoma reservoirs using tandem hoop nets. We used hierarchical Bayesian multi-species N-mixture models to evaluate detection- and abundance-habitat relationships. Twelve species were captured, equating to 7,212 fish with channel catfish (46%), bluegill (25%), and white crappie (14%) comprising the majority of the catch. Detection estimates ranged from 8% to 69%, and modeling results suggested that fishes were primarily influenced by reservoir size and context, water clarity and temperature, and land-use types. Species were differentially abundant within and among habitat types, consisting of some fishes being found more abundant in turbid, less impacted (urbanization and agriculture) reservoirs with greater shoreline lengths; whereas, other species were found more often in clear, nutrient rich impoundments with generally less shoreline length and increased percentage agriculture. Our results demonstrate that habitat and reservoir characteristics may differentially benefit species and assemblage structure. This study provides a useful framework for evaluating capture efficiency for not only hoop nets but other gears used to sample fishes in reservoirs.
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2015. Growth and contribution of stocked channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque 1818); the importance of measuring post-stocking performance. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 31:695-703. doi:10.1111/jai.12797. \| Abstract	May 2015	Natural recruitment of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus is limited in impoundments and stock enhancement is commonly used by state agencies to maintain fisheries. Advanced size fingerlings (> 175 mm total length (TL)) can be costly to rear, but survival is greater and their effectiveness has not been extensively studied for larger impoundments (> 200 ha). We evaluated stocking success of advanced size channel catfish marked with oxytetracycline (OTC) in two Oklahoma impoundments (Lakes Lone Chimney and Greenleaf). Channel catfish were marked in a solution of 700 mg L-1 of OTC for 6 hr, stocked at 178 mm TL, and both lakes sampled from May to August 2011 and 2012. Survival and marking success was high (100%), but the response to stocking, measured by relative abundance (CPUE, number of per 3-d tandem hoop net series), stocking contribution, and growth, was significantly different between the two impoundments. The differences are likely contributed to the different relative abundances between lakes Lone Chimney (80.5 fish series-1) and Greenleaf (9 fish series-1). Consequently, stocking contribution was lower at Lake Lone Chimney (3-35%) than at Lake Greenleaf (84-98%); however, relative abundance only increased at Lake Greenleaf. Average length and weight of stocked fish at age-2 only reached 230 mm TL and 85 g in Lake Lone Chimney, whereas fish stocked in Lake Greenleaf reached sizes of 340 mm TL and 280 g. The use of population indices like proportional size distribution (PSD) may misguide fishery managers as this value decreased at both reservoirs post-stocking, indicating that stocked fish contributed to the sample. But, because we could distinguish between wild and stocked fish using OTC, we were able to determine that stocking was not successful at Lake Lone Chimney. By batch-marking fish, a more direct assessment of stocking success was obtained and this option is viable for future studies.
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2011. Mass-marking Channel Catfish Fingerlings by Immersion in Oxytetracycline. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 91, 31-36. \| Abstract \| Download \| Publisher Website	September 2012	Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been extensively used for marking a variety of fish species, but has never been successfully used to mark channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Channel catfish fingerlings (~ 25 mm TL) obtained from the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation at Byron Fish Hatchery were kept in Living Streams (791 to 1,018 L) equipped with recirculation units. Marking trials consisted of immersing channel catfish in one of three concentrations (250, 450, and 700 mg/L) OTC hydrochloride [HCl] for 6 hours. Samples of channel catfish were obtained from each group at 1-week and 4-week postimmersion. Lapilli otoliths and pectoral spines were removed to assess mark presence with an epi-fluorescent compound microscope. After one week, no marks were detected on pectoral spines for all treatments, mark detection on otoliths depended on concentration, but never exceeded 43% (700 mg/L). After four weeks, all otoliths and pectoral spines were determined marked for 700 mg/L OTC, 20% for fish immersed in 450 mg/L OTC, and 0% were marked after four weeks at the 250 mg/L OTC. Results show, channel catfish fingerlings can be successfully marked with immersion in OTC at 700 mg/L for at least 6 hours. © 2011 Oklahoma Academy of Science.
Starks, T.A., M.L. Miller, and J.M. Long. 2016. Early Life History of Three Pelagic-Spawning Minnows (Macrhybopsis Spp.) in the Lower Missouri River. Journal of Fish Biology 88:1335-1349. doi:10.1111/jfb.12892	February 2016
Starks, T.A., J.M. Long, and A.R. Dzialowski. 2016. Community structure of age-0 fishes in paired mainstem and created shallow-water habitats in the lower Missouri River. River Research and Applications 32:753-762. doi:10.1002/rra.2891	January 2015
Starks, T.A. and J.M. Long. 2017. Trophic responses of age-0 fishes in created habitats of the lower Missouri River. American Midland Naturalist 178:112-122.	July 2017
Stark, R. C., S. F. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Male Texas horned lizards increase daily movements and area covered in spring: a mate searching strategy? Journal of Herpetology 39:169-173.	February 2005
Stancill, W. J., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1990. Evaluation of waterfowl survey techniques on an Oklahoma reservoir. Wildlife Society Bulletin 18:370-377.	August 1990
Stancill, W. J., R. F. Raskevitz, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1988. Species composition of a mixed ardeid colony on Grand Lake, Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 68:69-70.	October 1988
Stancill, W. J., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. F. Raskevitz. 1989. Waterfowl production on Grand Lake and associated wetlands in northeastern Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 69:33-37.	July 1990
Soper, R. B., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1993. Nutritional quality of browse in response to brush management on Cross Timbers rangeland. Journal of Range Management 46:399-410.	October 1993
Soper, R. B., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1993. Condition and diet quality of white-tailed deer in response to vegetation management in central Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 73:53-61.	November 1993
Snow, RA, JM Long, and BD Frenette. 2017. Validation of daily increments periodicity in otoliths ofSpotted Gar. Journal of the Southeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 4:60-65. \| Abstract	June 2017	Accurate age and growth information is essential in successful management of fish populations and for a complete understanding of early life history. We validated daily ring formation, including the timing of first ring formation, for Spotted Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus), a species of conservation concern, through 127 days post-hatch. From fry produced from hatchery-spawned specimens, up to 10 individuals per week were sacrificed and their otoliths (sagitta, lapilli, and asteriscus) removed for daily age estimation. Daily age estimates for all three otolith pairs were significantly related to known age (r² ≥ 0.95), but the strongest relationship existed for measurements from sagittae (r² = 0.98) and the lapillus (r² = 0.98). Age prediction models all resulted in a slope near unity, indicating that ring deposition occurred approximately daily. Timing of ring formation varied among otolith types; sagitta approximately 3 days after hatch, lapillus 7 days after hatch (i.e., swim-up), and asteriscus 9 days after hatch. These results fill a gap in knowledge and can aid understanding of evolutionary processes as well as provide useful information for management and conservation.
Snow, RA and JM Long. 2015. Estimating spawning times of Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula) in Lake Texoma, Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 95:46-53.	June 2016
Snow, R.A., M.J. Porta, and J.M. Long. 2018. Precision of four otolith techniques for estimating age of white perch from a thermally altered reservoir. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 38:725-733. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10069	June 2018
Snow, R.A., J.M. Long, and M.J. Porta. 2020. Marking otoliths of Alligator Gar by immersion in oxytetracycline. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 40:669-674.	June 2020
Snow, R.A., J.M. Long, and C.P. Patterson. 2016. A comparison of lead lengths for mini-fyke nets to sample age-0 gar species in Lake Texoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 96:28-35.	January 2017
Snow, R.A., D.R. Stewart, M.J. Porta, and J.M. Long. 2020. Feeding ecology of age-0 gar at Lake Texoma inferred from analysis of stable isotopes. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 40:638-650. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10436	June 2020
Snow, R.A. and J.M. Long. 2017. Otolith marking of juvenile Shortnose Gar by immersion in oxytetracycline. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 37:724-728.	June 2017
Snow, R.A. and J.M. Long. 2016. Effects of a Growth Check on Daily Age Estimates of Age-0 Alligator Gar. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 3:6-10.	March 2016
Snavely, B.M., and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. The Factors Affecting Female Black Bear Harvest Rates in Pennsylvania. Final Report to the Pennsylvania Game Commission: Cooperative Agreement #4000024645. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-150-2023, Washington, D. C. https://doi.org/10.3996/css88880882 .	July 2023
Smith, S. J., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2006. Pteropus livingstonii. Mammalian Species 792:1-5.	August 2006
Smith, S. J., D. M. Leslie, Jr., M. J. Hamilton, J. B. Lack, and R. A. Van Den Bussche. 2008. Subspecific affinities and conservation genetics of western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) at the edge of their distributional range. Journal of Mammalogy 89:799-814	August 2008
Simmonds, R. L., Jr., A. V. Zale, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2000. Modeled effects of double-crested cormorant predation on simulated reservoir sport and forage fish populations in Oklahoma. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 20:180-191.	January 2000
Simmonds, R. L., Jr., A. V. Zale, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1997. Physical and biological factors affecting seasonal duoble-crested cormorant densities on Oklahoma reservoirs. Colonial Waterbirds 20:31-40.	January 1997
Simmonds, R. L., Jr., A. V. Zale, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1996. Double-crested cormorant depredation of catfish at aquaculture facilities in Oklahoma. Proceedings of the 12TH Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop 12:34-37.	October 1996
Shipman, P. A., S. F. Fox, R. E. Thill, J. P. Phelps, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2004. Reptile communities under diverse forest management in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas. Pages 174-182 in Ouachita and Ozark Mountains symposium: ecosystem management research (J. M. Guldin, tech. comp. ). U. S. Forest Service General Technical Report SRS-74. 321 pp.	April 2004
Shaw, J. H., W. McAbee, T. S. Carter, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1993. Assessment of black-tailed prairie dog colonies for reintroduction of black-footed ferrets in western Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 73:47-52.	October 1993
Shamon, Hila. Et Al. 2024. Snapshot USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States - first trends. Ecology.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4318 \| Abstract \| Download	May 2024	SNAPSHOT USA is a multi-contributor camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. The growing Snapshot dataset is useful for tracking wildlife populations responses to changes in land use, land cover, and climate across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the U.S. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and consists of 1715 camera sites, 1849 camera deployments, the effort equaled 73,959 camera trap nights, and resulted in 172,957 observations of free-ranging mammals, birds, and humans. As an example of the potential uses, we analyze all 3 years of survey data to examine the proportion of change in occupancy of two sympatric common carnivores and two sympatric common ungulates: red fox (Vulpes vulpes), coyote (Canis latrans), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We considered annual arrays to be comparable if separated by < 10 km and represented similar habitat. White-tailed deer occupancy remained stable across all years (mean proportion 2021/2019: 1.03 ± 0.38 SD). Occupancy proportions (mean proportion 2021/2019) between years for the other species appear stable for mule deer (0.93 ± 0.8 SD), increasing for coyote (1.34 ± 0.56 SD), and decreasing for red fox (0.74 ± 0.79 SD), but in each case the variability between regions precludes significance at the national level. Data collected across years can detect changes in species occurrence, but assessment at the national level require examination of occurrence in relation to land cover and climate gradients.
Shackford, J. S., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2000. Status of breeding mountain plovers (Charadrius mountanus) on cultivated landscapes in western Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 80:47-51.	December 2000
Shackford, J. S., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and W. D. Harden. 1999. Range-wide use of cultivated fields by mountain plovers during the breeding season. Journal of Field Ornithology 70:114-120.	March 1999
Seguy, L. and J.M. Long. 2021. Perceived ecological threats and economic benefits of non-native black bass in the United States. Fisheries 46:56-65. DOI: 10.1002/fsh.10520	November 2020
Schweitzer, S. H., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2000. Stage-specific survival rates of endangered least terns (Sterna antillarum) in northwestern Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 80:53-60.	January 2001
Schweitzer, S. H., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1999. Nesting habitat of least terns (Sterna antillarum athalassos) on an inland alkaline flat. American Midland Naturalist 142:173-180.	June 1999
Schweitzer, S. H., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1996. Foraging patterns of least terns (Sterna antillarum) in north-central Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist 41:307-314.	September 1996
Schweitzer, S. H., D. M. Finch, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1998. The brown-headed cowbird and its riparian-dependent hosts in New Mexico. U. S. Forest Service General Technical Report, Rocky Mountain Research Station, GRT-1. 23 pp.	October 1998
Schweitzer, S. H., D. M. Finch, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1996. Reducing impacts of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds on riparian-nesting migratory songbirds. Pages 267-276 in Desired future conditions for southwestern riparian ecosystems: bringing interests and concerns together (D. W. Shaw and D. M. Finch, Tech. Coord. ). U. S. Forest Service General Technical Report RM-GTR-272. 359pp.	June 1996
Schulz, C. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. L. Lochmiller, and D. M. Engle. 1992. Herbicide effects on Cross Timbers breeding birds. Journal of Range Management 45:407-411.	May 1992
Schulz, C. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. L. Lochmiller, and D. M. Engle. 1992. Autumn and winter bird communities on herbicide-treated Cross Timbers in Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist 127:215-223.	August 1992
Schuler, K. L., D. M. Leslie, Jr., J. H. Shaw, and E. J. Maichak. 2006. Temporal-spatial distribution of American bison (Bison bison) in a tallgrass prairie fire mosaic. Journal of Mammalogy 87:539-544.	June 2005
Schuler, K. L., D. M. Leslie, Jr., J. H. Shaw, and E. J. Maichak. 2006. Temporal-spatial distribution of American bison (Bison bison) in a tallgrass prairie fire mosaic. Journal of Mammalogy 87:539-544.	June 2006
Schuette, J. R., D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. L. Lochmiller, and J. A. Jenks. 1998. Dietary overlap between hartebeest and roan antelope in Burkina Faso: support of the long-faced hypothesis. Journal of Mammalogy 79:426-436.	May 1998
Schmidt, J.S., L.A., Bruckerhoff, H., Salehabadi, and J., Wang. 2022. Chapter 10: The Colorado River. In: Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management. (eds) A. Gupta. Wiley-Blackwell.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119412632.ch10	February 2022
Schetter, T. A., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., D. M. Engle, and M. E. Payton. 1998. Examination of the nitrogen limitation hypothesis on non-cyclic populations of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). Journal of Animal Ecology 67:705-721.	September 1998
Santillo, D. J., P. W. Brown, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1989. Response of songbirds to glyphosate-induced habitat changes on clearcuts. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:64-71.	May 1989
Santillo, D. J., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and P. W. Brown. 1989. Response of small mammals and habitat to glyphosate application on clearcuts. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:164-172.	June 1989
Sams, M. G., R. L. Lochmiller, C. W. Qualls, Jr., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1998. Sensitivity of condition indices to changing density in a white-tailed deer population. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34:110-125.	February 1998
Sams, M. G., R. L. Lochmiller, C. W. Qualls, Jr., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. . 1993. Clinical blood profiles of stressed white-tailed deer: drop nets versus harvest. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 47:198-210.	September 1993
Sams, M. G., R. L. Lochmiller, C. W. Qualls, Jr., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. E. Payton. 1996. Physiological correlates of neonatal mortality in an overpopulated herd of white-tailed deer. Journal of Mammalogy 77:179-190.	August 1996
Sager, C. R., D. L. Winkelman. 2001. Comparison of feeding regime and diet on growth of hybrid bluegill. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 55:346-352.	August 2001
SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2022. Ecology. DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3775 Roland Kays^1,2, Michael V. Cove², Jose Diaz³, Kimberly Todd³, Claire Bresnan³, Matt Snider¹,Thomas E. Lee, Jr.⁴, Seth C. Crockett⁴, Anthony P. Crupi⁵, Katherine C.B. Weiss^6,7, Helen Rowe⁸, Tiffany Sprague⁸, Jan Schipper⁷, Christopher A. Lepczyk⁹, Jean E. Fantle-Lepczyk⁹, Jon Davenport¹⁰, Zach Farris¹⁰, Jacque Williamson¹¹, M. Caitlin Fisher-Reid¹², Drew Rezendes¹², Alexandra J. Bebko¹², Petros Chrysafis¹³, Alex J. Jensen¹⁴, David S. Jachowski¹⁴, Katherine C. King¹⁵, Brandon McDonald¹⁵, Daniel J. Herrera¹⁶, Marius van der Merwe¹⁷, Robert V. Horan III¹⁹, Michael S. Rentz²⁰, LaRoy S.E. Brandt²¹, Christopher Nagy²², Sean P. Maher²⁴, Andrea K. Darracq²⁵, George Hess³, Matthew E. Gompper²⁶, Stephen L. Webb²⁷, John P. Vanek²⁸, Diana J. R. Lafferty²⁹, Tru Hubbard²⁹, Jorie Favreau³¹, Jack Fogarty³¹, Steven Hammerich³³, Michelle Halbur³³, Morgan Gray³³, Christine C. Rega-Brodsky³⁴, Caleb Durbin³⁴, Elizabeth A. Flaherty³⁵, Jarred Brooke³⁵, Stephanie S. Coster³⁶, Richard G. Lathrop³⁷, Katarina Russell³⁷, Daniel A. Bogan³⁸, Hila Shamon¹, Robert C. Lonsinger⁴², M. Teague O'Mara⁴³, Justin A. Compton⁴⁴, Melinda Fowler⁴⁴, Erika L. Barthelmess⁴⁵, Katherine E. Andy⁴⁵, Jerrold L. Belant⁴⁶, Dean E. Beyer, Jr.⁴⁷, Daniel G. Scognamillo⁴⁸, Chris Schalk⁴⁸, Caroline N. Ellison⁵⁰, Chip Ruthven⁵⁰, Sarah Fritts⁵¹, Jaquelyn Tleimat⁵¹, Mandy Gay⁵¹, Christopher A. Whittier⁵², Sean A. Neiswenter⁵³, Robert Pelletier⁵³, Brett A. DeGregorio⁵⁴, Erin K. Kuprewicz⁵⁵, Miranda L. Davis⁵⁵, Carolina Baruzzi⁵⁷, Marcus A. Lashley⁵⁶, David Mason⁵⁶, Derek R. Risch⁵⁸, Maximilian L. Allen^59,60, Laura S. Whipple⁶⁰, Jinelle H. Sperry⁶¹, Patrick Wolff⁶¹, Robert H. Hagen⁶², Alessio Mortelliti⁶³, Amay Bolinjcar⁶³, Marketa Zimova⁶⁸, Sean T. Giery⁷⁰, Summer D. Higdon⁷², Ronald S. Revord⁷², Christopher P. Hansen⁷³, Joshua J. Millspaugh⁷³, Adam Zorn⁷⁴, Nathaniel H. Wehr⁷⁵, Brian D. Gerber⁷⁷, Kylie Rezendes⁷⁷, Jessie Adley⁷⁷, Jennifer Sevin⁷⁸, Austin M. Green⁷⁹, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu^79,80, Mary E. Pendergast⁸¹, Kayleigh Mullen⁸¹, Tori Bird^81b, Andrew J. Edelman⁸², Tim Hawig⁸², Joanne R. Wasdin⁸², Andrea Romero⁸³, Brian J. O'Neill^83b[KR1] , Noel Schmitz^83b, Rebecca A Vandermus⁸³, Jesse M. Alston⁸⁴, Kellie M. Kuhn⁸⁵, Damon B. Lesmeister⁸⁶, Cara L. Appel⁸⁷, Christopher Rota⁸⁸, Jennifer L. Stenglein⁸⁹, Christine Anhalt-Depies⁸⁹, Carrie Nelson⁹⁰, Robert A. Long⁹¹, Paula MacKay⁹¹, Kathryn R. Remine⁹¹, Mark J. Jordan⁹², Mark Elbroch⁹³, Dylan Bergman⁹⁴, Sara Cendejas-Zarelli⁹⁵, Kim Sager⁹⁵, Haydée Hernández-Yáñez³, William J. McShea³ \| Abstract \| Download	April 2022	<b>Abstract</b>: Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the United States of America. This project involved xx scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1481 locations across 102 arrays in 43 states for a total of 51,988 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in two years that include data from before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total we recorded 114,749 detections of 77 species of wild mammals, 9200 detections of at least 25 species of birds, 15,847 detections of seven domestic animals and 23,705 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences between years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns.
S.C. Hedden, L.A. Bruckerhoff, and K.B. Gido. 2021. Assessing Linkages Between Small Impoundments and Long-term Trajectories of Prairie Stream Fish Assemblages. American Midland Naturalist 185 (2):187-200. https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-185.2.187 \| Abstract	April 2021	Most stream fish communities have changed over time in response to common anthropogenic disturbances. Impoundments are a widespread anthropogenic stressor that can negatively impact stream fishes as they alter flow regimes, block movements, and act as fountainheads for the introduction and spread of invasive species. Recent studies, however, have reported the occurrence and reproduction of native fishes in impoundments, suggesting they might benefit some native fishes. Our primary objective was to evaluate whether impoundment construction has led to changes in fish community structure in prairie streams. To accomplish this, we compared fish occupancy in small impoundments (,5 ha) to temporal trends in stream occupancy among species to test whether species' increases in stream occupancy were related to their occupancy in impoundments. We examined stream fish communities in the Upper Cottonwood River basin, Kansas, from 1948–2018, and sampled small impoundments in 2016 and 2017. A third (32%) of fish communities in impoundments were similar to stream assemblages, whereas most impoundments (68%) were dominated by sport or bait fishes. In streams, six species showed increases in occupancy and four species showed decreases since small impoundment construction. Of the species that exhibited increased stream occupancy, five showed a positive, logistical relationship between a species' impoundment occupancy and its increase in stream occupancy. Species declining in stream occupancy experienced continued linear declines and may still be declining. Our research suggests stream fish communities have changed since impoundment construction, and are associated with locally-invasive, native species reaching a new stable state in streams accompanied by declines in other native stream fish species.
Roehrs, Z. P., J. B. Lack, C. E. Stanley, Jr., C. J. Seiden, R. Bastarache, W. D. Arbour, M. J. Hamilton, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. A. Van Den Bussche. 2012. Mammals of Red Slough Wildlife Management Area, with comments on McCurtain County, Oklaoma. Ocassional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University 309:1-24.	June 2012
Roehrs, A. P., B. S. Coyner, K. N. King, D. L. Martinez, J. K. Braun, M. J. Hamilton, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. A. Van Den Bussche. 2008. New records of mammals from western Oklahoma. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University 273:1-16.	May 2008
Robertson, S., K. R. Hickman, K. R. Harmoney, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2013. Combining glyphosate or mowing improves control of yellow bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum). Rangeland Ecology and Management 66:376-381.	May 2013
Riedle, J. D., P. A. Shipman, S. F. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2006. Microhabitat use, home range, and movements of the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii, in Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist 51:35-40.	April 2006
Riedle, J. D., P. A. Shipman, S. F. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Status and distribution of the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii, in Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist 50:79-84.	March 2005
Riedle, J. D., P. A. Shipman, S. F. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2009. Habitat associations of aquatic turtle communities in eastern Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 89:19-30.	August 2010
Riedle, J. D., P. A. Shipman, S. F. Fox, J. C. Hackler, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2008. Population structure of the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys teminckii, on the western edge of its distribution. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 7:100-104.	September 2008
Rettig, A.V. and S.K. Brewer. 2012. Seasonal habitat shifts by benthic fishes in headwater streams. Proceedings, Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 65:96-102.	March 2012
Reed, M.L., W.W. Hoback, and J.M. Long. 2018. Diet of the orangebelly darter, Etheostoma radiosum, among tributaries of the lower Mountain Fork River. Southwestern Naturalist 63:146-148. doi: 10.1894/0038-4909-63-2-146	September 2018
Rabeni, C. F. and S. K. Brewer. 2014. Linking successful careers to successful fisheries. Future of Fisheries: Perspectives for the Next Generation of Professionals. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda. \| Abstract	July 2014	The increasing understanding of the complex spatial and temporal scale of ecological interactions underlying most of the problems affecting fish populations has changed long-held attitudes among fisheries managers and researchers. Real progress is seen as resulting from collaborations from many disciplines with two emphases: partnering and accountability. Graduate students are increasingly a part of studies involving multidiscipline teams, more sophisticated analyses, and hopefully more relevance. With proper mentoring, the possibilities for real growth of graduate scientists are immense, without it we may be developing researchers and managers technically competent, but seriously flawed as problem solvers. What should the future hold for graduate education in fisheries? – particularly fish ecology? There will certainly be tradeoffs. More big picture understanding – an obvious plus, but which will likely leave less time for more specialized knowledge. More sophisticated technology and analyses will be required, likely resulting in less emphasis on conceptual understanding, and ecological principles. More understanding of associations, and less of causal mechanisms. Collaboration with other disciplines is certainly important, but can be a huge time commitment. Larger projects likely mean fewer projects, with fewer options for new students. More importantly, larger multidisciplinary projects will likely have well established objectives before the student is brought on, leaving less room for student creativity, and less need for student input. We outline the important relation between mentor and graduate student in this changing environment, and offer our opinions for a successful relationship.
Puckett, E. E., T. V. Kristensen, C. M.Wilton, S. B. Lyda, K. V. Noyce, P. M. Holahan, D. M. Leslie, Jr., J. Beringer, Jerrold L. Belant, D. White, Jr., and L. S. Eggert. 2014. Influence of drift and admixture on population structure of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Central Interior Highlands, USA, 50 years after translocation. Molecular Ecology 23:2414-2427.	May 2014
Powers, J., S.K. Brewer, J.M. Long, and T. Campbell.2014. Evaluating the use of side-scan sonar for detecting freshwater mussel beds in turbid river environments. Hydrobiologia 743:127-137. DOI 10.1007/s10750-014-2017-z	September 2014
Porta, M.J. and J.M. Long. 2015. Evaluation of a five-year shoal bass conservation-stocking program in the upper Chattahoochee River, Georgia. Pages 169-180 in Tringali, M.D., J.M. Long, T.W. Birdsong, and M.S. Allen, editors. Black bass diversity: multidisciplinary science for conservation. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 82, Bethesda, Maryland. \| Abstract	February 2015	In 2003, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the National Park Service initiated a five-year Shoal Bass Micropterus cataractae stocking program below Morgan Falls Dam in the Chattahoochee River, Georgia with a goal of restoring population abundance to historic levels and to provide further sport-fishing opportunities. Shoal Bass were marked with oxytetracyline (OTC) and stocked as juveniles at one of two size classes (Phase I [~25 mm, TL] and Phase II [~60 mm, TL]) in spring (April – June) each year (2003-2007). Contribution to the adult population was evaluated by collecting adult Shoal Bass with boat electrofishing from 2007-2011 and viewing their otoliths for the presence of an OTC mark. Stocked Shoal Bass dominated the total sample of adult fish collected (60%) and most of these fish (83%) were stocked at the larger Phase II size class. Based on results from multiple regression modeling, stocked age-3 Shoal Bass catch-per-unit-effort was positively related to mean size at stocking and spring water temperatures. Total mortality of Shoal Bass in this population was low (20%) with increased longevity (14 years) and slow growth rates. Overall, the five-year Shoal Bass stocking program was successful in increasing Shoal Bass abundance in the Chattahoochee River below Morgan Falls Dam.
Polo, J. A., S. W. Hallgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2013. Effect of long-term understory prescribed burning on standing and down dead woody material in dry upland oak forests. Forest Ecology and Management 291:128-135.	January 2013
Pike, J. R., J. H. Shaw, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1999. A geographic analysis of the status of mountain lions in Oklahoma. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27:4-11.	January 1999
Pike, J. R., J. H. Shaw, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1997. The mountain lion in Oklahoma and surrounding states. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 77:39-42.	December 1997
Perry, R. W., R. E. Thill, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2008. Scale-dependent effects of landscape structure and composition on diurunal roost selection by forest bats. Journal of Wildlidfe Management 72:913-925.	April 2008
Perry, R. W., R. E. Thill, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2007. Selection of roosting habitat by forest bats in a diverse forested landscape. Forest Ecology and Management 238:156-166.	February 2007
Peoples, A. D., R. L. Lochmiller, J. C. Boren, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1994. Limitations of amino acids in diets of northern bobwhite. American Midland Naturalist: 132:104-116.	August 1994
Peoples, A. D., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1994. Production and nutritional quality of western ragweed seed in response to fertilization. Journal of Range Management 47:467-469.	September 1994
Peoples, A. D., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1994. Producing northern bobwhite food on sandy soils in semiarid mixed prairies. Wildlife Society Bulletin 22:204-211.	July 1994
Peoples, A. D., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., J. C. Boren, and D. M. Engle. 1994. Essential amino acids in northern bobwhite foods. Journal of Wildlife Management 58:167-175.	June 1994
Pennock, C.A, L. Bruckerhoff, K.B. Gido, A.L. Barkalow, M.J. Breen, P. Budy, W.W. Macfarlane, and D.L. Propst. 2022. Failure to achieve recommended environmental flows coincides with declining fish populations: Long-term trends in regulated and unregulated rivers. Freshwater Biology https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13966. USGS FSP IP- 134441 (LB). \| Abstract	July 2022	Dams can be operated to mimic components of the natural flow regime to minimize impacts on downstream ecosystems. However, infrastructure, societal needs, and watershed runoff constrain which and when flow regime attributes can be mimicked. We compared fish assemblage responses, including native and nonnative species, over two decades of managed environmental flows to those in a river retaining a relatively natural flow regime. Both of these arid-land rivers are within the Colorado River basin and have experienced declines in watershed runoff over the past twenty years. We predicted fish-flow relationships would be conserved across time and between managed and unmanaged rivers. Declines in flow in both rivers coincided with declines in some native fishes, and more native and nonnative fish species exhibited declines in the managed river than in the unmanaged river. Our ability to detect previously documented native fish-flow relationships diminished in the managed river system because established environmental flow targets were not met due to water management, but we detected these fish-flow relationships in the unmanaged river. Our results suggest declining watershed runoff and increased consumptive water use could reduce the effectiveness of environmental flows that have lower priority in most years.
Peitz, D. G., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1997. Protein quality of cottontail rabbit forages following rangeland disturbance. Journal of Range Management 50:450-458.	August 1997
Parsons, J. L., E. C. Hellgren, E. E. Jorgensen, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Reproductive responses of rodents to variation in dietary nitorgen: life-history strategy versus dietary niche. Oikos 110:297-308.	April 2005
Nicholson, D. S., R. L. Lochmiller, M. D. Stewart, R. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2000. Risk factors associated with capture-related death in eastern wild turkey hens. Journal of Wildlife Disease 36:308-315.	January 2000
Nicholson, D. S., R. L. Lochmiller, M. D. Stewart, R. E. Masters, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2000. Risk factors associated with capture-related death in eastern wild turkey hens. Journal of Wildlife Disease 36:308-315.	January 2000
Musselman, W.C., T.A. Worthington, J. Mouser, D. Williams, and S.K. Brewer. 2017. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags: A review of current studies on warmwater fishes with notes on additional species. Journal of Fisheries and Wildlife Management	June 2017
Mueller JS, TB Grabowski, SK Brewer, & TA Worthington. 2017. Effects of temperature, dissolved solids, and suspended solids on the survival and development of larval Arkansas River Shiner. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 8:79-88. \| Abstract	June 2017	Decreases in the abundance and diversity of stream fishes in the North American Great Plains have been attributed to habitat fragmentation, altered hydrological and temperature regimes, and elevated levels of total dissolved solids and total suspended solids. Pelagic-broadcast spawning cyprinids, such as the Arkansas River Shiner Notropis girardi, may be particularly vulnerable to these changing conditions due to their reproductive strategy. Our objectives were to assess the effects of temperature, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids on the developmental and survival rates of Arkansas River Shiner larvae. Results suggest temperature had the greatest influence on the developmental rate of Arkansas River Shiner larvae. However, embryos exposed to the higher levels of total dissolved solids and total suspended solids reached developmental stages earlier than counterparts at equivalent temperatures. Although this rapid development may be beneficial in fragmented waters, our data suggest it may be associated with lower survival rates. Furthermore, those embryos incubating at high temperatures, or in high levels of total dissolved solids and total suspended solids resulted in less viable embryos and larvae than those incubating in all other temperature, total dissolved solid, and total suspended solid treatment groups. As the Great Plains ecoregion continues to change, these results may assist in understanding reasons for past extirpations and future extirpation threats as well as predict stream reaches capable of sustaining Arkansas River Shiners and other species with similar early life-history strategies.
Mueller JS, Cheek BD, Chen Q, Groeschel J, Brewer SK, & Grabowski TB. 2013. A simple device for measuring the minimum current velocity to maintain semi-buoyant fish eggs in suspension. The Prairie Naturalist 45:84-89. \| Abstract \| Download	December 2013	Pelagic broadcast spawning cyprinids are common to Great Plains rivers and streams. This reproductive guild produces non-adhesive semi-buoyant eggs that require sufficient current velocity to remain in suspension during development. Although studies have shown that there may be a minimum velocity needed to keep the eggs in suspension, this velocity has not been estimated directly nor has the influence on egg buoyancy caused by physicochemical factors been determined. We developed a simple, inexpensive flow chamber that allowed for evaluation of minimum current velocity needed to keep semi-buoyant eggs in suspension at any time frame during egg development. The device described here has the capability of testing the minimum current velocity needed to keep semi-buoyant eggs in suspension at a wide range of physicochemical conditions. We used gellan beads soaked in freshwater for 0, 24, and 48 hrs as egg surrogates and evaluated minimum current velocities necessary to keep them in suspension at different combinations of temperature (20.0±1.0°C, 25.0±1.0°C, and 28.0±1.0°C) and total dissolved solids (TDS; 1,000±300 mg L-1, 3,000±300 mg L-1, and 6,000±300 mg L-1). We found that our methodology generated consistent, repeatable results within treatment groups. Current velocities ranging from 0.001-0.026 needed to keep the gellan beads in suspension were negatively correlated to soak times and TDS and positively correlated with temperature. The flow chamber seems to be a viable approach for evaluating minimum current velocities needed to keep the eggs of pelagic broadcast spawning cyprinids in suspension during development.
Mouser, J.B., D.C. Ashley, T. Aley, and S. K. Brewer. 2019. Subterranean invasion by gapped ringed crayfish: A removal effort and barrier installation. Diversity 11,3; doi: 10.3390/d11010003	January 2019
Mouser, J., J. Glover, and S. K. Brewer. 2020. Age Estimates For North American Crayfish And The Influence Of Temperature On Gastric Mill Band Formation. Freshwater Crayfish.	April 2020
Mouser, J. B., R. Mollenhauer, and S. K. Brewer. 2018. Relationships between landscape constraints and a crayfish assemblage with consideration of competitor presence. Diversity and Distributions. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12840	September 2018
Monteith, K. B., K. L. Monteith, L. E. Schmitz, R. T. Bowyer, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. E. Jenks. 2014. Reproductive effects on fecal nitrogen as an index of diet quality: an experimental assessment. Journal of Mammalogy 95:301-310.	April 2014
Mollenhauer, R., Y. Zhou, and S. K. Brewer. 2019. Multiscale Habitat Factors Explain Variability in Stream Fish Occurrence in the Ozark Highlands Ecoregion, U.S.A. Copeia 107:219-231.	July 2019
Mollenhauer, R., A. Miller, J. Goff, and S. K. Brewer. 2020. Population size and body size varies in relation to reach-scale groundwater contribution for warmwater stream fishes. Southeastern Naturalist 19:308-324.	January 2020
Mollenhauer, R., J Mouser, and SK Brewer. 2018. Sampling the stream landscape: improving the applicability of an ecoregion-level capture probability model for stream fishes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences	September 2018
Mollenhauer, R. and S. K. Brewer. 2018. Snorkeling efficiency of sunfishes in clear, warmwater streams of the south-central United States. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management. DOI: 10.3996/032018-JFWM-027	September 2018
Mollenhauer, R, D. Logue, and S.K. Brewer. 2018. Quantifying seining detection probability for small-bodied fishes of Great Plains sand-bed rivers. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society	April 2018
Mollenhauer, R and SK Brewer. 2017. Multinomial N-mixture models improve the applicability of electrofishing for developing population estimates of stream-dwelling Smallmouth Bass. North American Journal of Fisheries Management	January 2017
Miller, A., R. Mollenhauer, and S.K. Brewer. 2019. Movement and diel habitat use of juvenile Neosho Smallmouth Bass in an Ozark stream. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 39:240-253.	April 2019
Milardi, M., D. Chapman, M. Lanzoni, J.M. Long, and G. Castaldelli. 2017. First evidence of bighead carp wild recruitment in Western Europe, and its relation to hydrology and temperature. PLoS ONE 12(12): e0189517. \| Publisher Website	December 2017
McMurry, S. T., R. L. Lochmiller, J. F. Boggs, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1996. Demography and condition of populations of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in late and early successional habitats. Journal of Mammalogy 77:335-345.	July 1996
McMurry, S. T., R. L. Lochmiller, J. F. Boggs, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1994. Demographic profiles of cotton rat populations in a continuum of habitat types. Journal of Mammalogy 75:50-59.	May 1994
McMurry, S. T., R. L. Lochmiller, J. F. Boggs, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1993. Woodrat population dynamics following modification of resource availability. American Midland Naturalist 129:248-256.	August 1993
McMurry, S. T., R. L. Lochmiller, J. F. Boggs, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1993. Opportunistic foraging of eastern woodrats (Neotoma floridana) in manipulated habitats. American Midland Naturalist 130:325-337	August 1993
McManamay, R. A., Brewer, S. K., Jager, H. I., & Troia, M. J. (2016). Organizing Environmental Flow Frameworks to Meet Hydropower Mitigation Needs. Environmental management, 58(3), 365-385.	July 2016
McKenna, J.R., A. Bowen, J.R. Farver, J.M. Long, J.G. Miner, N.D. Stott, and P.M. Kocovsky. 2023. Hypothesized spawning locations of Silver Chub in Lake Erie. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 43:1166-1179. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10870	October 2023
McConnell, S., T. J. O’Connell, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. S. Shackford. 2009. Mountain plovers in Oklahoma: distribution, abundance, and habitat use. Journal of Field Ornithology 80:27–34.	February 2009
McConnell, S., T. J. O'Connell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2008. Landcover associations of nesting territories of three sympatric Buteos in shortgrass prairie. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120:708-716.	December 2008
McConnell, S., J. S. Shackford, T. J. O'Connell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2006. Unusual Oklahoma breeding records for Cimarron County, 2004-2005. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society 39:17-21.	December 2006
McConnell, S., J. S. Shackford, T. J. O'Connell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. First confirmed record for Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus) in Texas County, Oklahoma. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society 38:12-14.	June 2005
Martin, K. W., W. L. Puckette, S. L. Hensley, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2000. Internal cave gating as a means of protecting cave-dwelling bat populations in eastern Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 80:133-137.	January 2001
Martin, K. W., D. M. Leslie, Jr., M. E. Payton, W. L. Puckette, and S. L. Hensley. 2006. Impacts of passage manipulation on cave climate: conservation implications for cave-dwelling bats. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34:137-143.	May 2006
Martin, K. W., D. M. Leslie, Jr., M. E. Payton, W. L. Puckette, and S. L. Hensley. 2003. Internal cave gating for protection of colonies of the endangered gray bat (Myotis grisescens). Acta Chiropterologica 5:143-150.	July 2003
Lonsinger, R. C., and G. W. Roemer. 2024. Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) in JLE Cartron and JK Frey, editors. The Wild Carnivores of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM, USA. \| Abstract	November 2023	This book chapter summarizes what the current state of knowledge related to ringtails (<i>Bassariscus atutus</i>), including their form and function, behavior, ecology, taxonomy and management. This represents Chapter 30 in the upcoming book The Wild Carnivores of New Mexico.
Lonsinger, R. C., R. N. Knight, and L. P. Waits. 2021. Detection criteria and post-field sample processing influence results and cost efficiency of occupancy-based monitoring. Ecological Application 31(7): e02404. doi: 10.1002/eap.2404 \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	July 2021	Optimization of occupancy-based monitoring has focused on balancing the number of sites and surveys to minimize field efforts and costs. When survey techniques require post-field processing of samples to confirm species detections, there may be opportunities to further improve efficiency. We used scat-based noninvasive genetic sampling for kit foxes (<i>Vulpes macrotis</i>) in Utah, USA, as a model system to assess post-field data processing strategies, evaluate the impacts of these strategies on estimates of occupancy and associations between parameters and predictors, and identify the most cost-effective approach. We identified scats with three criteria that varied in costs and reliability: (i) field-based identification (expert opinion), (ii) statistical-based morphological identification, and (iii) genetic-based identification (mitochondrial DNA). We also considered four novel post-field sample processing strategies that integrated statistical and genetic identifications to reduce costly genetic procedures, including (iv) a combined statistical-genetic identification, (v) a genetic removal design, (vi) a within-survey conditional-replicate design, and (vii) a single-genetic-replicate with false-positive modeling design. We considered results based on genetic identification as the best approximation of truth and used this to evaluate the performance of alternatives. Field-based and statistical-based criteria prone to misidentification produced estimates of occupancy that were biased high (~1.8 and 2.1 times higher than estimates without misidentifications, respectively). These criteria failed to recover associations between parameters and predictors consistent with genetic identification. The genetic removal design performed poorly, with limited detections leading to estimates that were biased high with poor precision and patterns inconsistent with genetic identification. Both statistical-genetic identification and the conditional-replicate design produced occupancy estimates comparable to genetic identification, while recovering the same model structure and associations at cost reductions of 67% and 74%, respectively. The false-positive design had the lowest cost (88% reduction) and recovered patterns consistent with genetic identification but had occupancy estimates that were ~32% lower than estimated occupancy based on genetic identification. Our results demonstrate that careful consideration of detection criteria and post-field data processing can reduce costs without significantly altering resulting inferences. Combined with earlier guidance on sampling designs for occupancy modeling, these findings can aid managers in optimizing occupancy-based monitoring.
Lonsinger, R. C., M. M. Dart, R. T. Larsen, and R. N. Knight. 2023. Efficacy of machine learning image classification for automated occupancy-based monitoring. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation 10(1): 56-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.356 \| Abstract	July 2023	Effective conservation requires near-real-time multi-species monitoring at broad scales. Remote cameras have become a widespread data-collection tool for terrestrial mammals, but classifying images can be labor intensive and limit the usefulness of cameras for rapid, broad-scale population assessments. Machine learning algorithms for automated image classification can expedite data processing, but image misclassifications may influence inferences. Here, we used camera data for three sympatric species with disparate body sizes and life histories—black-tailed jackrabbits (<i>Lepus californicus</i>), kit foxes (<i>Vulpes macrotis</i>), and pronghorns (<i>Antilocapra americana</i>)—as a model system to evaluate the influence of competing image classification approaches on estimates of occupancy and inferences about space use patterns. We classified images with: (i) single review (manual), (ii) double review (manual by two observers), (iii) an automated-manual review (machine learning to cull empty images and single review of remaining images), (iv) a pre-trained machine-learning algorithm that classifies images to species (base model), (v) the base model accepting only classifications with ≥95% confidence, (vi) the base model trained with regional images (trained model), and (vii) the trained model accepting only classifications with ≥95% confidence. We compared species-specific results from alternative approaches to results from double review, which reduces the potential for misclassifications and was assumed to be the best approximation of truth. Despite high classification success, species-level misclassification rates for the base and trained models were sufficiently high to produce erroneous occupancy estimates and inferences related to patterns of space use across species. Increasing the confidence thresholds for image classification to 95% did not consistently improve performance. Classifying images as empty (or not) offered a reasonable approach to reduce effort (by 97.7%) and facilitated a semi-automated workflow that produced reliable estimates and inferences. Thus, camera-based monitoring combined with machine learning algorithms for image classification could facilitate near-real-time monitoring with limited manual image classification.
Lonsinger, R. C. 2022. Co-occurrence models fail to infer underlying patterns of avoidance and aggregation when closure is violated. Ecology and Evolution 7: e9104. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9104 \| Abstract	June 2022	Advances in multi-species monitoring approaches have led to an increase in the use of multi-species occupancy analyses to assess patterns of co-occurrence among species, even when data were collected at spatial or temporal scales that likely violated the assumption that sites were closed to changes in occupancy state for the target species. Violating the closure assumption may lead to erroneous conclusions related to patterns of co-occurrence among species. Patterns of occurrence for two hypothetical species were simulated under patterns of avoidance, aggregation, or independence, when the closure assumption either was or was not met. Simulated populations were sampled at two levels (<i>N = </i>250 or 100 sites) and two scales of temporal resolution for surveys. Sample data were analysed with conditional two-species occupancy models and performance was assessed by comparing the proportion of simulations recovering the true pattern of co-occurrence. Estimates of occupancy were unbiased when closure was met, but biased when closure violations occurred; bias increased when sample size was small and encounter histories were collapsed to a large-scale temporal resolution. When patterns of avoidance and aggregation were simulated, conditional two-species models tended to correctly find support for non-independence when closure was met and estimated species interaction factors aligned with predicted values. Models tended to incorrectly infer a pattern of independence when closure was violated and power to detect simulated patterns of avoidance or aggregation decreased with smaller sample size. Simulation results suggest that when the closure assumption is violated, occupancy-based models of co-occurrence often fail to detect underlying patterns of avoidance or aggregation and incorrectly identify a pattern of independence among species, which could have negative consequences for our understanding of species interactions and conservation efforts. When closure is not met, inferred patterns of independence from multi-species occupancy models should be interpreted cautiously. In contrast, when violations of the closure assumption likely occur, evidence of avoidance or aggregation is likely a conservative estimate of true pattern or interaction.
Long, JM, CT Holley and AT Taylor. 2018. Evaluation of ageing accuracy with complementary non- lethal methods for slow- growing, northern populations of shoal bass. Fisheries Management and Ecology 25:150-157. DOI: 10.1111/fme.12274 \| Abstract	March 2018	Age and growth of Shoal Bass (Micropterus cataractae Williams & Burgess 1999) in the upper Chattahoochee River basin was assessed with non-lethal means (scales and mark-recapture) where some populations are imperiled. Mark-recapture data allowed us to estimate accuracy and determine effects of any scale-based inaccuracies on resulting growth models. Scale-based age estimates were accurate for 57% of the samples and errors included equal numbers of over- and underestimates of age (1 to 3 years). von Bertalanffy growth models using age-dependent data produced similar results to that from an age-independent data for ages 3-8. The use of scales thus complemented the results from mark-recapture by providing estimates of longevity to compare with growth models produced from change in body size over time. These populations of Shoal Bass live longer and grow slower than other populations, suggesting regional approaches to management.
Long, JM and RA Snow. 2016. Ontogenetic development of otoliths in a living fossil fish species, the Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula). Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 145: 537-544. DOI:10.1080/00028487.2015.1135189 \| Abstract	April 2016	The Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula is a species of conservation concern throughout its range, and better definition of otoliths during early development would aid understanding its life history and ecology. We conducted X-ray computed tomography scans, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy to examine the three pairs of otoliths and how they developed over time in relation to fish size and age. The sagittae are the largest, possessing distinct dorsal and ventral lobes covered with small otoconia concentrated in the sulcul region. The sagittae exhibited allometric growth, increasing more rapidly in the ventral lobe than in the dorsal. The asterisci were smaller and also exhibited small otoconia on their surface, but much less than the sagittae. The lapilli were oriented laterally, in contrast to the sagittae and asterisci, which were oriented vertically, with a hump on the dorsum and very large otoconia on the lateral surface that appeared to fuse into the main otolith as the fish grew. Based on size measurements and ring counts in all three pairs of otoliths from 101 known-age Alligator Gar sampled weekly through 91 d after hatch, we developed regression models to examine otolith growth and predict age. All relationships were significant and highly explanatory, but the strongest relationships were between otolith and fish size (for measurements from sagittae) and for age predictions from the lapillus. Age prediction models all resulted in a slope near unity, indicating that ring deposition occurred approximately daily. The first ring in sagittae and lapilli corresponded to swim-up, whereas the first ring formed in asterisci approximately 8 d after swim-up. These results fill a gap in knowledge and can aid understanding of evolutionary processes as well as provide useful information for management and conservation.
Long, J.M., Y. Liang, D..E Shoup, A..R Dzialwoski, and J.R. Bidwell. 2014. GIS-based rapid-assessment of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) suitability in reservoirs. Management of Biological Invasions 5:363-370.	November 2014
Long, J.M., W.W. Hoback, M. Reed, and T. Farling. 2018. Assessing wild juvenile trout ecology in the lower Mountain Fork. Report provided by the Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Program under agreement with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-133-2018, National Conservation Training Center. \| Publisher Website	September 2018
Long, J.M., T.A. Starks, T. Farling, and R. Bastarache. 2016. Assessing the potential for Rainbow Trout reproduction in tributaries of the Mountain Fork River below Broken Bow Dam, southeastern Oklahoma. e-Research Paper SRS-58, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 15 p. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	September 2016	Stocked trout (Salmonidae) in reservoir tailwater systems in the Southern United States have been shown to use tributary streams for spawning and rearing. The lower Mountain Fork of the Little River below Broken Bow Dam is one of two year-round tailwater trout fisheries in Oklahoma, and the only one with evidence of reproduction by stocked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Whether stocked trout use tributaries in this system for spawning is unknown. Furthermore, an inventory of the resident fish communities in these tributaries is lacking. To address these gaps, we surveyed 10 tributaries, from intermittent through third order, for fishes during presumed spawning periods of rainbow trout; we used backpack electrofishing in February and April 2015 and 2016 to determine the composition of the fish assemblages and whether trout were present. Stocked adult trout were found in three tributaries in 2015; wild juvenile rainbow trout were found in Bee Branch in 2015 and in an intermittent tributary of Spillway Creek, just above the “Cold Hole,” in 2016. Fish assemblages were dominated by highland stonerollers (Campostoma spadiceum) in larger, wider systems and by orangebelly darters (Etheostoma radiosum) in smaller, narrower streams. These data fill an information gap in our understanding of small streams in the Ouachita Mountains, and they demonstrate that some streams are suitable for rainbow trout reproduction.
Long, J.M., R.G. Hyler, and W.L. Fisher. 2012. Response by anglers to a differential harvest regulation on three black bass species at Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 92:9-20. \| Abstract	November 2012	Angler responses to a differential harvest regulation on black bass, Micropterus spp. at Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma was assessed from 1997 to 1999. This regulation allowed anglers to harvest 15 spotted bass, M. punctulatus (Rafinesque) of any size and six largemouth bass, M. salmoides (Lacepède) and smallmouth bass, M. dolomieu Lacepède greater than 356 mm (in aggregate) per day. Anglers’ ability to differentiate spotted bass increased after the first year of the study, but their willingness to target or harvest spotted bass declined. Angler catch rates (number of fish per angling hour) for all three species remained steady throughout the study although total catch for spotted bass was lower in 1998 compared to 1999. Despite the more liberal regulations as incentive, the regulation failed to accomplish the primary objective of increasing angler harvest of spotted bass because of high rates of voluntary catch and release.
Long, J.M., R.A. Snow, and M.J. Porta. 2020. Effects of temperature on hatching and early development of Alligator Gar and Spotted Gar in a laboratory setting. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 40:661-668. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10397	June 2020
Long, J.M., R.A. Snow, D.E. Shoup, and J.B. Bartnicki. 2023. Validation and comparison of age estimates for Smallmouth Buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus) in Oklahoma based on otoliths, pectoral spines, and opercula. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.108651	June 2023
Long, J.M., R.A. Snow, B.M. Pracheil, and B.C. Chakoumakos. 2021. Morphology and composition of Goldeye (Hiodontidae; Hiodon alosoides) otoliths. Journal of Morphology 282:511-519. DOI: 10.1002/jm or.21324	February 2021
Long, J.M., P. Joyce, L.A. Bruckerhoff, R.C. Lonsinger, and W. Wolfenkoehler. 2024. Using down-scan capabilities from recreational -grade side-scan sonar systems to sample Paddlefish and evaluate depth use in a reservoir. Fisheries Research 269:106872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106872	September 2023
Long, J.M., N.P. Nibbelink, K.T. McAbee, and J.W. Stahli. 2012. Assessment of freshwater fish assemblages and their habitats in the National Park Service system of the southeastern United States. Fisheries 37:212-225.	May 2012
Long, J.M., M.S. Allen, W.F. Porak, and C.D. Suski. 2015. An historical perspective of black bass management in the United States. Pages 99-122 in Tringali, M.D., J.M. Long, T.W. Birdsong, and M.S. Allen, editors. Black bass diversity: multidisciplinary science for conservation. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 82, Bethesda, Maryland.	February 2015
Long, J.M., J.D. Schooley, and C.P. Paukert. 2017. Long-term movement and age potential of a paddlefish in the Arkansas River basin of Oklahoma. The Southwestern Naturalist 62: 212-215. doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-62.3.212	September 2017
Long, J.M., D.R. Stewart, J. Shiflet, D. Balsman, and D.E. Shoup. 2017. Bait type influences catch and bycatch in tandem hoop nets set in reservoirs. Fisheries Research 186:102-108. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2016.08.014 \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	January 2017	Tandem hoop nets have become the primary gear for sampling channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, but suffer from high incidences of bycatch, particularly aquatic turtles that usually drown as a result. We sought to determine if bait type, ZOTE© soap and ground cheese logs, would influence catch of channel catfish (CPUE and mean TL) and bycatch of fishes and aquatic turtles. We sampled with tandem hoop nets in 13 Kentucky reservoirs (5–73 ha) using a crossover design and two sampling events. We found no difference in channel catfish catch rates between bait types, but mean sizes of fish caught using ZOTE© soap were approximately 24 mm longer compared to cheese. Fish bycatch was similar between bait types, but tandem hoop nets baited with ZOTE© soap caught up to 61% fewer turtles and mortality of turtles that were captured was up to 12% lower than those baited with cheese. Depth of net set, water temperature, and Secchi depth were environmental factors measured that affected catch and bycatch, but varied among species. Using ZOTE© soap as bait in tandem hoop nets appears to be a fairly simple and straightforward method for maintaining high catch rates of channel catfish while minimizing turtle mortality.
Long, J.M., B.L. Barthel, W.F. Porak, M.S. Allen, T.W. Birdsong, J.E. Slaughter, and M.D. Tringali. 2015. Black bass diversity: bringing rare species into conservation focus. Pages xi-xiv in Tringali, M.D., J.M. Long, T.W. Birdsong, and M.S. Allen, editors. Black bass diversity: multidisciplinary science for conservation. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 82, Bethesda, Maryland.	February 2015
Long, J.M., A.T. Taylor, and V. Buonaccorsi. 2021. A conservation-oriented SNP panel for Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu), with emphasis on Interior Highlands lineages. Conservation Genetics Resources 13:47-59. DOI:10.1007/s12686-020-01170-8	September 2020
Long, J.M. and T.B. Grabowski. 2017. Otoliths. Pages 189-219 in M.C. Quist and D. Isermann, editors. Age and growth of fishes: principles and techniques. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.	November 2017
Long, J.M. and R.T. Melstron. 2016. Measuring the relationship between sportfishing trip expenditures and anglers' species preferences. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 36:731-737. DOI: 10.1080/02755947.2016.1167142	June 2016
Long, J.M. and R.A. Snow. 2018. Post-hatch development of otoliths and daily ring genesis in age-0 Spotted Gar. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 147:1146-1152. DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10108 \| Abstract	November 2018	Gar (Lepisosteidae) are increasingly being managed as native components of the ecosystem rather than being reviled as they once were. There is a paucity of information on early life history for many species, which would aid their conservation and management. Daily rings in otoliths are useful for determining many early life-history parameters, such as growth rates and date of hatch, but properly interpreting these structures requires additional information on otolith formation. Gar represent an ancient lineage and their otoliths are unlike those of teleost fishes that have been better studied. We used computed tomography (CT) X-ray scanning and oxytetracycline (OTC) marking of a series of known-age fish from hatch through 10-12 days post-hatch (dph) to understand the formation of otoliths in Spotted Gar Lepisosteus oculatus, a species that is of management concern in several parts of its range in North America. Otoliths, sagittae and lapilli, began as a loose associations of otoconia at hatch, fused and hardened into single crystals by 4 dph, in concert with the transition from attached larvae to free-swimming juvenile. Asterisci otoliths were not observed in any of the individuals examined through 12 dph. Oxytetracycline marks were not observed on individuals treated at hatch and variable marks were detected at 1 dph through 5 dph. By 6 dph, 100% of individuals exhibited OTC marks on sagittae and lapilli. Daily rings could not be discerned until fish were marked 4 dph, after which, daily age estimates increased linearly with fish age. Results of this study verify that otoliths (sagittae and lapilli) of Spotted Gar and their daily rings form several days after hatch, in relation to the transition from sessile, attached larvae to free-swimming juvenile.
Long, J.M. and M.J. Porta. 2019. Age and growth of stocked juvenile Shoal Bass in a tailwater: environmental variation and accuracy of daily age estimates. PLoS ONE 14(10): e0224018. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224018	October 2019
Long, J.M. and L.B. Seguy. 2024. Global status of non-native Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides, Centrachidae) and Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu, Centrarchidae): disparate views as beloved sportfish and feared invader. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture 32:81-98. DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2023.2244078	August 2023
Long, J.M. and J.J. Schaffler. 2013. Documenting utility of paddlefish otoliths for quantification of metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 27: 2188-2194. DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6681.	August 2013
Long, J.M. and A.A. Nealis. 2017. Comparative precision of age estimates from two southern reservoir populations of Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 33:819-820. DOI: 10.1111/jai.13394 \| Abstract	February 2017	We sought to determine whether location and sex affected age precision estimates between two southern, reservoir populations of paddlefish (Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)). From 589 paddlefish collected in Grand Lake and Keystone Lake, Oklahoma in 2011, we estimated age from dentaries using three independent readers and compared precision with coefficient of variation between locations and sexes. Ages were more precisely estimated from Grand Lake and from females.
Long, J.M. and A. Nealis. 2011. Age estimation of a large bighead carp from Grand Lake, Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 91, 15-18. \| Abstract	September 2012	On April 23, 2011, a 1356-mm total length (TL), 39.8 kg bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) was brought to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. This specimen is the largest bighead carp recorded from Oklahoma and it is near the maximum size reported from the United States. This specimen was estimated to be nine years old based on estimates from three different structures (pectoral fin ray, branchiostegal ray, and otolith). The age, together with past Oklahoma records of the species, indicates that there has been multiple introductions or undocumented reproduction of bighead carp in the Grand Lake basin.
Long, J.M. 2014. Spotted bass. Pages 383-384 in Kansas Fishes Committee, editor. Kansas Fishes, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. 496 pg.	July 2014
Long, J.M. 2013. Book review: Conservation, ecology, and management of catfish: the second international symposium. Fisheries 38:462.	October 2013
Long, J.M. 2011. Assessment of tailwater fishery conditions in Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 65:119-124. \| Abstract	October 2013	While the downstream effects of dams on fish habitat has long been recognized, a broad-scale assessment of tailwater fish habitat has not been conducted. In this paper, I report on the status of tailwater fisheries in Oklahoma as determined through a web-based survey of fisheries biologists with the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation conducted in July 2010. Respondents addressed 38 tailwaters, encompassing all major areas of the state. The majority of fish species comprising these fisheries included blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), followed by white bass (Morone chrysops), channel catfish (I. punctatus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris). Most respondents indicated no or low concerns with fish habitat in tailwaters under their management supervision; only Tenkiller Ferry and Fort Gibson had the majority of concerns with fish habitat identified as high to moderaterly-high. Principal components analysis and subsequent correlation analysis showed that tailwaters that scored high for issues related to shoreline erosion, change in water depth, flow fluctuations, and flow timing were associated with dams with large maximum discharge ability. No other factors related to fish habitat condition in tailwaters were found. In Oklahoma, dams with maximum discharge of at least 6,767.4 m3 s-1 were more likely to have flow-related fish habitat concerns in the tailwater.
Long, J.M. 2010. Inventory of fishes at a small national park in North Carolina: Guilford Courthouse National Military Park. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science 126: 77-83. \| Abstract	August 2010	A fish inventory in 2004 of Guilford Courthouse National Military Park by sampled three reaches of the two streams that occurred within the park; Hunting Creek and an unnamed tributary. Reaches consisted of a 91 m section in the upper portion of an unnamed tributary, a 183 m section in the lower portion of the unnamed tributary and a 152 m section of Hunting Creek. Summer and winter surveys of each reach were conducted with a backpack electrofishing unit. Overall, a total of 14 species were collected; 542 specimens (11 species) in summer and 359 specimens (14 species) in winter. The most abundant species were Semotilis atromaculatus (Creek Chub), Nocomis leptocephalus (Bluehead Chub), and Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill Sunfish).
Long, J. M. and D. R. Stewart. 2010. Verification of otolith identity used by fisheries scientists for aging channel catfish. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 139:1775-1779. \| Abstract	November 2010	Previously published studies of age estimation of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) based on otoliths have reported using the sagittae and not the lapilli, which are the largest otoliths in this species. Based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) microphotographs of channel catfish otoliths, x-ray computed tomography (CT) scans of a channel catfish head, descriptions of techniques used to removed otoliths from channel catfish reported in the literature, and a sample of channel catfish otoliths received from fisheries biologists from around the country; it is clear that lapilli are most often used for channel catfish aging studies, not sagittae as has been previously reported. Fisheries scientists who obtain otoliths from channel catfish can use the information in this paper to correctly identify the otolith.
Long, J. M. and C. LaFleur. 2011. Estimation of daily age and timing of hatching of exotic Asian swamp eels Monopterus albus (Zuiew, 1793) in a backwater marsh of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, USA. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27: 1019-1022. \| Abstract \| Download	April 2011	Otoliths were used to estimate daily age, growth, and hatching date of the exotic Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) captured from a backwater marsh of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, USA. The eels were sampled using leaf litter traps (N = 140) from 17 July to 28 August 2008. The captured (N = 15) Asian swamp eels ranged in total length from 4.9 cm to 12.2 cm, and were estimated to be from 21 to 51 days old (N = 13), and hatched from 13 June to 7 August 2008. Assuming linear growth, these individuals grew an average rate of 0.2 cm per day. To the authors knowledge, this was the first time otoliths were used to estimate daily age, growth, and hatching date for M. albus, which can be useful for understanding the ecology of this species in the wild.
Lochmiller, R. L., J. F. Boggs, S. T. McMurry, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1991. Response of cottontail rabbit populations to herbicide and fire applications on Cross Timbers rangeland. Journal of Range Management 44:150-155.	August 1991
Lochmiller, R. L., D. G. Peitz, S. T. McMurry, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1995. Alterations in condition of cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridana) on rangelands following brush management. Journal of Range Management 48:232-239.	May 1995
Lochmiller, R. L., D. G. Peitz, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1995. Habitat-induced changes in essential amino acid nutrition in populations of eastern cottontails. Journal of Mammalogy 76:1164-1177.	June 1995
Lindsey A. Bruckerhoff, Kevin Wheeler, Kimberly L. Dibble, Bryce A. Mihalevich, Bethany T. Neilson, Jian Wang, Charles B. Yackulic, and John. C. Schmidt. 2022. Water Storage Decisions and Consumptive Use May Constrain Ecosystem Management under Severe Sustained Drought . Journal of the American Water Resources Association. https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.13020 \| Abstract	June 2022	Drought has impacted the Colorado River basin for the past 20 years and is predicted to continue. In response, decisions about how much water should be stored in large reservoirs and how much water can be consumptively used will be necessary. These decisions have the potential to limit riverine ecosystem management options through the effect water-supply decisions have on reservoir elevations. We used projected hydrology and river temperatures to compare the outcome of combinations of water storage scenarios and consumptive use limits on metrics associated with ecosystem management of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Ecosystem management metrics included the ability to implement designer flows, temperature suitability for fishes, and fragmentation. We compared current water management operations to prioritizing storage in either Lake Mead or Lake Powell combined with three levels of consumptive use. Projected reservoir levels limited environmental flow delivery and increased fragmentation regardless of where water was stored if consumptive use was not limited. Warmer river temperatures associated with low reservoir levels are likely, creating suitable conditions for non-native species of concern, such as smallmouth bass. Water storage decisions provided variability and management flexibility, but water storage was less important when less water was available, highlighting the importance of keeping water in the system to provide flexibility for achieving ecosystem goals.
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and W. J. Stancill. 1990. Importance of an old, multiple-use reservoir to migrating and wintering dabbling ducks. Prairie Naturalist 22:231-244.	July 1991
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and T. A. Murphy. Administrarea ecosistemelor protejate in S. U. A. (Part III). Padurea Noastra 2(63):1, 4	June 1991
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and T. A. Murphy. 1991. Administrarea ecosistemelor protejate in S. U. A. (Part II). Padurea Noastra 2(62):1, 4	June 1991
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and T. A. Murphy. 1991. Administrarea ecosistemelor protejate in S. U. A. (Part I). Padurea Noastra 2(61):2 [Translation: Administration of protected areas in the United States, published in three parts in the Bulletin of the Romanian Forestry Organization]	June 1991
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and T. A. Murphy. 1990. Managing and monitoring natural resources: management of protected ecosystems. Proceedings of the Romanian-American Academies of Sciences' Workshop on Natural Resource Management, Bucharest, Romania. 10pp.	June 1990
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and M. J. Hamilton. 2007. A plea for a common citation format in scientific serials. Serials Review 33:1-3.	March 2007
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and K. Sharma 2009. Tetracerus quadricornis (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Mammalian Species 843:1-11. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	September 2009	Tetracerus quadricornis (de Blainville, 1816) is 1 of the smallest Asian bovids and commonly called the four-horned antelope or chousingha. It is endemic to Peninsular India and small parts of lowland Nepal. T. quadricornis is a sexually dimorphic boselaphid of small stature; only males have horns with 2 of the 3 recognized subspecies having 2 anterior and 2 posterior smooth sharp horns, unique among wild horned mammals. Tetracerus is monotypic. It prefers dry deciduous forested habitat and hilly terrain and is secretive and little studied. This diminutive species is considered Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and it is very uncommon in captivity.
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and G. B. Schaller. 2008. Pantholops hodgsonii (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Mammalian Species 817:1-13. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	October 2008	Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel, 1826) is a bovid commonly called the chiru or Tibetan antelope. Pantholops is monotypic. This species inhabits high-elevation alpine and desert steppe with flat to rolling terrain in the Tibetan Plateau and only recently has been studied in any detail. At least 5 populations of P. hodgsonii are migratory, some moving up to 300–400 km; others are nonmigratory. This species is endangered because of exploitation and competition with domestic livestock of pastoralists; extant populations probably number about 100,000. It is virtually unknown in zoos, but young have been born and orphans have been successfully reared in a 200-ha fenced enclosure in native habitat.
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and G. B. Schaller. 2009. Bos grunniens and Bos mutus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Mammalian Species 836: 1–17. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	April 2009	Bos grunniens Linnaeus, 1766 and Bos mutus (Przewalski, 1883) are the domestic and wild forms, respectively, of the bovid commonly called the yak. B. mutus inhabits remote high-elevation alpine meadows and alpine steppe in rolling to mountainous terrain in the Tibetan Plateau, and B. grunniens is maintained widely in China, Russia, and Mongolia and uncommonly elsewhere in the world. Populations of B. mutus are substantially reduced and fragmented throughout its remaining range; the largest numbers occur in northern Tibet and western Qinghai. B. mutus is vulnerable because of poaching and competition with domestic livestock. There are as few as 10,000–15,000 B. mutus remaining in remote areas of the Tibetan Plateau; B. grunniens numbers ca. 14 million.
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and E. E. Starkey. 1987. Fecal indices to dietary quality: a reply. Journal of Wildlife Management 51:321-325.	February 1987
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and C. L. Douglas. 1986. Modeling demographics of bighorn sheep: current abilities and missing links. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 51:62-73.	July 1986
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and B. S. Clark. 2002. Feeding habits of the endangered Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) relative to food abundance. Acta Chiropterologica 4:173-182.	December 2002
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and B. Huffman. 2015. Potamochoerus porcus (Artiodactyla: Suidae). Mammalian Species 47(919):15-31.	July 2015
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and A. Tissescu. 1992. Beyond the Danube Delta: forest conservation and research opportunities in Romania. Conservation Biology 6:165-67.	April 1992
Leslie, D. M., Jr., W. J. Stancill, and R. F. Raskevitz. 1994. Use of an old multipurpose reservoir by migrating and wintering non-dabbling ducks. Proceedings of Oklahoma Academy of Science 74:21-24.	April 1994
Leslie, D. M., Jr., S. L. Collins, and J. Travis. 2016. Enhancing the future of BioScience. BioScience 66:435.	June 2016
Leslie, D. M., Jr., R. T. Bowyer, and J. G. Kie. 1999. Life-history strategies of ungulates. Journal of Mammalogy 80:1067-1069.	November 1999
Leslie, D. M., Jr., R. T. Bowyer, and J. A. Jenks. 2008. Facts from feces: nitrogen still measures up as a nutritional index for mammalian herbivores. Journal of Wildlife Management 72:1420-1433.	August 2008
Leslie, D. M., Jr., R. B. Soper, R. L. Lochmiller, and D. M. Engle. 1996. Habitat use by white-tailed deer on cross timbers rangeland following brush management. Journal of Range Management 49:401-406.	June 1996
Leslie, D. M., Jr., O. Ionescu, A. Tissescu, and N. Nicolescu. 1995. Wildlife conservation and education in Romania. Wildlife Society Bulletin 23:12-17.	April 1995
Leslie, D. M., Jr., J. A. Jenks, M. Chilelli, and G. R. Lavigne. 1989. Nitrogen and diaminopimelic acid in deer and moose feces. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:216-218.	April 1989
Leslie, D. M., Jr., G. K. Wood, and T. S. Carter. 2000. Productivity of endangered least terns (Sterna antillarum athalassos) below a hydropower and flood-control facility on the Arkansas River. Southwestern Naturalist 45:483-489.	December 2000
Leslie, D. M., Jr., G. K. Wood, and T. S. Carter. 1997. Attributes of least tern colonies along the Arkansas River, Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 51:467-475.	October 1997
Leslie, D. M., Jr., E. E. Starkey, and B. G. Smith. 1987. Forage acquisition by sympatric cervids along an old-growth sere. Journal of Mammalogy 68:430-434.	April 1987
Leslie, D. M., Jr., D. N. Lee, and R. W. Dolman. 2013. Elaphodus cephalophus (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). Mammalian Species 45(904):80-91.	December 2013
Leslie, D. M., Jr., C. P. Groves, and A. Abramov. 2010. Procapra przewalskii (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Mammalian Species 42(860):124-137. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	May 2010	Procapra picticaudata Hodgson, 1846 is commonly called the Tibetan gazelle, goa (= Tibetan), or “zang yuan ling” (= Chinese) and is monotypic. It is a high-elevation specialist endemic to the Tibetan Plateau where it prefers alpine meadow and alpine steppe but uses other lower elevation plains and valleys. It is partial to good grasslands with high diversity of forbs. There have been no systematic estimates of total numbers of P. picticaudata. Populations are currently widespread but have been reduced from historic levels and are vulnerable because of poaching in remote areas and competition with livestock of pastoralists. P. picticaudata is uncommon in zoos and private collections. It is a threatened Class II species in China and considered “Near Threatened” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2008. Boselaphus tragocamelus (Artiodactyla: Bovidea). Mammalian Species 813:1-16. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	June 2008	Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas, 1766) is a bovid commonly called the nilgai or blue bull and is Asia’s largest antelope. A sexually dimorphic ungulate of large stature and unique coloration, it is the only species in the genus Boselaphus. It is endemic to peninsular India and small parts of Pakistan and Nepal, has been extirpated from Bangladesh, and has been introduced in the United States (Texas), Mexico, South Africa, and Italy. It prefers open grassland and savannas and locally is a significant agricultural pest in India. It is not of special conservation concern and is well-represented in zoos and private collections throughout the world.
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2007. A shifting mosaic of scholarly publishing, scientific delivery, and future impact changing the face of learned societies. Journal of Mammalogy 88:275-286.	April 2007
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2003. The snow geese (book review). Wildlife Society Bulletin 31:321-322.	May 2003
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2002. Fate of the wild: the Endangered Species Act and the future of biodiversity (book review). Journal of Mammalogy 83:305-306.	February 2002
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 1996. Olympic elk: parallels to red deer management in transboundary protected areas in Central Europe. Pages 186-193 in Proceedings of an International Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation in Transboundary Protected Areas (A. Breymeyer and R. Noble, eds. ). National Academy Press, Washington, D. C. 279pp.	June 1996
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 1993. Wildlife research and management in the national parks (book review). Journal of Wildlife Management 57:424-425.	August 1993
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 1990. Reindeer on South Georgia (book review). Journal of Mammalogy 71:111-112.	May 1990
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 1989. Megaherbivores: the influence of very large body size on ecology (book review). Wildlife Review 214:524.	March 1989
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 1988. Building models for conservation and wildlife management (book review). Journal of Wildlife Management 52:166-167.	July 1988
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 1986. Mineral licks, geophagy, and biogeochemistry of North American ungulates (book review). Journal of Wildlife Management 50:358-359.	April 1986
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 1986. How animals shape an old-growth forest. American Forests 92(9):42-44, 50.	May 1986
Leslie, D. M., Jr. Adventures on the Roof of the World (Review of Tibet wild. A naturalist's journeys on the Roof of the World). BioScience 63:684-685.	August 2013
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2017. Book review of Bovids of the world: antelopes, gazelles, cattle, goats, sheep, and relatives. Journal of Wildlife Management 80: doi 10.1002/jwmg.21197.	November 2016
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2016. An international borderland of concern: conservation of biodiversity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley: an international borderland of concern. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5078:1-120.	August 2016
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2014. Book review of Letters to a Young Scientist by E. O. Wilson. Journal of Mammalogy 95:431.	April 2014
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2011. Subfamily Bovinae: Syncerus. Pp. 585–588 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Vol. 2, Hoofed Mammals (D. E. Wilson, and R. A. Mittermeier, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. 886 pp. \| Publisher Website	August 2011
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2011. Subfamily Bovinae: Genus Bos and Bubalus [arnee]. Pp. 573–584 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Vol. 2, Hoofed Mammals (D. E. Wilson, and R. A. Mittermeier, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. 886 pp. \| Publisher Website	August 2011
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2011. Subfamily Bovinae: Genera Boselaphus, Tetracerus, Nyala, Tragelpahus, Ammelaphus, Strepsiceros, and Taurotragus. Pp. 591–618 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Vol. 2, Hoofed Mammals (D. E. Wilson, and R. A. Mittermeier, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. 886 pp. \| Publisher Website	August 2011
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2011. Subfamily Antilopinae: Genus Procapra. Pp. 660–663 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Vol. 2, Hoofed Mammals (D. E. Wilson, and R. A. Mittermeier, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. 886 pp. \| Publisher Website	August 2011
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2011. Subfamily Antilopinae: Genus Pantholops. Pp. 711–712 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Vol. 2, Hoofed Mammals (D. E. Wilson, and R. A. Mittermeier, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. 886 pp. \| Publisher Website	August 2011
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2011. Rusa unicolor (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). Mammalian Species 43(871):1-30. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	January 2011	Rusa unicolor (Kerr, 1792), or sambar, is the largest Oriental deer. Seven subspecies occur in varied habitats and elevations from India and Sri Lanka throughout southeastern Asia. Body mass and antler length decrease from west to east. R. unicolor is considered ancestral relative to the form of its male-only antlers and social behavior. Populations are vulnerable because of overexploitation for subsistence and markets in meat and antlers. R. unicolor was elevated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources from no status in 2006 to vulnerable in 2008 because of < 50% decline in many populations over the past 3 generations. It is well represented in zoos and private collections and is feral in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States.
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2010. Procapra picticaudata (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Mammalian Species 42(861):138-148. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	July 2010	Procapra picticaudata Hodgson, 1846 is commonly called the Tibetan gazelle, goa (= Tibetan), or “zang yuan ling” (= Chinese) and is monotypic. It is a high-elevation specialist endemic to the Tibetan Plateau where it prefers alpine meadow and alpine steppe but uses other lower elevation plains and valleys. It is partial to good grasslands with high diversity of forbs. There have been no systematic estimates of total numbers of P. picticaudata. Populations are currently widespread but have been reduced from historic levels and are vulnerable because of poaching in remote areas and competition with livestock of pastoralists. P. picticaudata is uncommon in zoos and private collections. It is a threatened Class II species in China and considered “Near Threatened” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2009. An unusual northern cardinal nest: cooperative breeding or nesting sharing? Bulletin of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society 42:5–8.	June 2009
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2010. Przewalskium albirostre (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). Mammalian Species 42(849):7-18. \| Abstract \| Download \| Publisher Website	January 2010	Przewalskium albirostre (Przewalski, 1883) is a physically unique cervid commonly called the white-lipped deer. Przewalskium is monotypic. This species is a high-elevation specialist endemic to the eastern Tibetan Plateau where it inhabits relatively open hills and mountains with a mosaic of forest edges, meadows, and shrublands. Populations of P. albirostre are highly fragmented and vulnerable because of exploitation and competition with domestic livestock of pastoralists. There have been no systematic efforts to estimate the total number of extant P. albirostre, and it is considered Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. It is farmed for its antlers in China and is represented in zoos and private collections.
Leslie D. M., Jr., and M. J. Hamilton. 2003. Multitude of reference styles delays publication. Nature 424(6945):127-128.	July 2003
Leis, S. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., D. M. Engle, and J. S. Fehmi. 2008. Small mammals as indicators of long-term and short-term disturbance in mixed prairie. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 137:75-84.	January 2008
Leis, S. A., D. M. Engle, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. S. Fehmi. 2005. Effects of short- and long-term disturbance resulting from military maneuvers on vegetation and soils in mixed prairie area. Environmental Management 36:849-861.	November 2005
Leis, S. A., D. M. Engle, D. M. Leslie, Jr., J. Fehmi, and J. Kretzer. 2003. Comparison of vegetation sampling procedures in a distrubed mixed-grass prairie. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 83:7-15.	July 2004
Lee, D.N., J.B. Lack, R.A. Van Den Bussche, and J.M. Long. 2011. Importance of tributary streams for rainbow trout reproduction: insights from a small stream and a bi-genomic approach. River Research and Applications 28:1587-1593. \| Abstract	July 2011	Tributaries of tailwater fisheries in the southeastern USA have been used for spawning by stocked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but their importance may have been underestimated using traditional fish survey methods such as electrofishing and redd counts. We used a bigenomic approach, mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci, to estimate the number of spawning adults in one small tributary (Cabin Creek) of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia, where rainbow trout are known to spawn and have successful recruitment. We extracted and analysed DNA from seven mature male rainbow trout and four juveniles that were captured in February 2006 in Cabin Creek and from 24 young‐of‐year (YOY) trout that were captured in April 2006. From these samples, we estimated that 24 individuals were spawning to produce the amount of genetic variation observed in the juveniles and YOY, although none of the mature males we sampled were indicated as sires. Analysis of the mitochondrial D‐loop region identified four distinct haplotypes, suggesting that individuals representing four maternal lineages contributed to the offspring. Our analyses indicated that many more adults were spawning in this system than previously estimated with direct count methods and provided insight into rainbow trout spawning behavior.
Lee, D. N., R. W. Dolman, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2013. Oryx callotis (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Mammalian Species 45(897):1-11.	March 2013
Lee, D. N., R. C. Stark, W. L. Puckette, M. J. Hamilton, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. A. Van Den Bussche. 2015. Population connectivity of endangered Ozark big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens). Journal of Mammalogy 96:522-530.	June 2015
Koenen, M. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1996. Methods to improve least tern and snowy plover nesting success on alkaline flats. Journal of Field Ornithology 67:281-291.	April 1996
Koenen, M. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1996. Habitat changes and success of articifical nests on an alkaline flat. Wilson Bulletin 108:292-301.	April 1996
Koenen, M. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1996. Evaluation of interior least tern eggshell thickness. Colonial Waterbirds 19:143-146.	May 1996
Koenen, M. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1995. Near longevity record for the snow goose (Chen caerulescens). Prairie Naturalist 27:211-213.	March 1995
Koenen, M. T., B. R. Winton, R. S. Shepperd, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1996. Species composition of a Ciconiform rookery in northcentral Oklahoma. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society 29:3-6.	May 1996
Kluever, B. M., M. B. Main, S. W. Breck, R. C. Lonsinger, J. H. Humphrey, J. W. Fischer, M. P. Milleson, and A. J. Piaggio. 2022. Using noninvasive genetics for estimating density and assessing diet of urban and rural coyotes in Florida, USA. Urban Naturalist 9(51): 1-24. https://www.eaglehill.us/URNAonline2/access-pages/051-Kluever-accesspage.shtml \| Abstract	May 2022	Coyotes (<i>Canis</i><i> latrans</i>) are expanding their range and due to conflicts with the public and concerns of coyotes affecting natural resources such as game or sensitive species, there is interest and often a demand to monitor coyote populations. A challenge to monitoring is that traditional invasive methods involving live-capture of individual animals are costly and can be controversial. Natural resource management agencies can benefit from contemporary noninvasive genetic sampling approaches aimed at determining key aspects of coyote ecology (e.g., population density and food habits). However, the efficacy of such approaches under different environmental conditions is poorly understood. Our objectives were to 1) examine accumulation and DNA degradation rates of coyote scats in metropolitan and rural sites in Florida to help optimize methods to estimate population density; and 2) explore new genetic methods for determining diet of coyotes based on vertebrate, plant, and invertebrate species DNA identified in scat. Recently developed DNA metabarcoding approaches make it possible to simultaneously identify DNA from multiple prey species in predator scat samples, but an exploration of this tool for assessing coyote diet has not been pursued. We observed that scat accumulation rates (0.02 scats/km/day) did not vary between sites and fecal DNA amplification success decreased and genotyping errors increased over time with exposure to sun and precipitation. DNA sampling allowed us to generate a coyote density estimate for the urban environment of eight coyotes per 100 km<sup>2</sup>,<sup> </sup>but lack of recaptures in the rural area precluded density estimation. DNA metabarcoding showed promise for assessing diet contributions of vertebrate species to coyote diet. Feral swine (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) were detected as prey at higher frequencies than expected. We identify several considerations that can be used to optimize future noninvasive sampling efforts for coyotes in the southeastern United States. We also discuss strengths and drawbacks of utilizing DNA metabarcoding for assessing diet of generalist carnivores such as coyotes.
Kleeberg, B. A., W. S. Fairbanks, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2024. White-backed hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus leuconotus) occurrence in the panhandle of Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist 69(1): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-69.1.9 \| Abstract	October 2024	The white-backed hog-nosed skunk (<i>Conepatus leuconotus</i>) is an understudied mesocarnivore thought to be declining throughout its range in southwestern United States. A live record of a hog-nosed skunk has not been documented in Oklahoma since the 1940s. We conducted a camera trapping survey in Cimarron County, Oklahoma during summer 2022 and confirmed the presence of a hog-nosed skunk in Oklahoma. This finding provides the first evidence of a live hog-nosed skunk in Oklahoma in nearly 80 years and is within the range of a poorly documented subspecies (<i>C. l. figginsi</i>) believed to be in decline.
Kelly, J. F., S. M. Pletschet, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1994. Decline of the red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) in southeastern Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist 132:275-283.	March 1994
Kelly, J. F., S. M. Pletschet, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1993. Habitat associations of red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees in an old-growth forest of Oklahoma. Journal of Wildlife Management 57:122-128.	July 1993
Kays et al. 2024. Climate, food, and umans Predict Mammal Communities in the United States. Diversity and Distributions 30(9): e13900. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13900 \| Abstract	August 2024	The assembly of species into communities and ecoregions is the result of interacting factors that affect plant and animal distribution and abundance at biogeographic scales. Here, we empirically derive ecoregions for mammals to test whether human disturbance has become more important than climate and habitat resources in structuring communities. We analyzed data from 25 mammal species recorded by camera traps at 6,645 locations across the conterminous United States in a joint modeling framework to estimate relative abundance of each species. Climate was the most important predictor of mammal abundance overall, while human population density and agriculture were less important, with mixed effects across species. Seed production by forests also predicted mammal abundance, especially hard-mast tree species. We used a clustering analysis to describe eight broad and 16 narrow mammal communities. The mammal maps are similar to those of plants, with an east-west split driven by different dominant species of deer and squirrels. Communities vary along gradients of temperature in the east and precipitation in the west. Most fine-scale mammal community boundaries aligned with established plant ecoregions and were distinguished by regional specialists or shifts in the relative abundance of widespread species. Maps of potential ecosystem services provided by these communities suggest high herbivory in the Rocky Mountains and eastern forests, high invertebrate predation in the subtropical south, and greater predation pressure on large vertebrates in the west. Our results highlight the importance of climate to modern mammals and suggest that climate change will have strong impacts on mammal communities in the future.
Kauth, H. R., A. J. Gregory, A. J. Kauth, S. Harsh, T. J. Runia, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2022. Snow alters pheasant survival and land use in South Dakota. Journal of Wildlife Management 86: e22243. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22243 \| Abstract	May 2022	We examined survival of ring-necked pheasants (<i>Phasianus colchicus</i>) occupying fragmented landscapes within the Prairie Pothole Region in South Dakota where severe winter weather events historically limited pheasant population growth due to increased mortality. Recent landscape transformations could further impact overwinter adult female survival by reducing critical winter resources. Assessing the influence of time-dependent landscape features on survival at small focal scales may reveal spatially important relationships. We captured and monitored 321 adult female pheasants from 2017–2019 and recorded 110 pheasant winter mortalities. Female pheasant winter survival was 0.66 (85% CI = 0.62–0.70) and was inversely correlated to snow depth. We generated cox-proportional hazard models to determine risk of mortality associated with landscape features. Pheasants using landscapes other than concealment (e.g., emergent wetland, tall vegetation, woody, and food plot) experienced 222% increased risk of raptor predation than pheasants using concealment landscape features. Additionally, pheasants experienced a 58% reduced risk of weather mortality when using emergent wetlands. We analyzed resource selection ratios to understand how perceived landscape risks at the population level scaled down to land use preference at the individual level. Female pheasants selected for emergent wetlands, showed no selection for woody features, and avoided tall vegetation (>75 cm non-aquatic herbaceous vegetation) during severe winters. Pheasants would greatly benefit from conservation of emergent wetlands and integrating concealment opportunities into harvested fields.
Joshi, O., B. Chapagain, J.M. Long, B. York, and A.T. Taylor. 2021. A revealed preference and contingent behavior approach to estimate potential effect of fish quantity and size on economic value of fishing in Ozark Highland streams. Fisheries Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2021.106116	September 2021
Jones, B., S. F. Fox, D. M. Leslie, Jr., D. M. Engle, and R. L. Lochmiller. 2000. Herpetofaunal responses to brush management with herbicide and fire. Journal of Range Management 53:154-158.	January 2000
Johnson, J.R., A.T. Taylor, and J.M. Long. 2020. Estimating the invasion extent of Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus: Synbranchidae) in an altered river of the southeastern United States. Marine and Freshwater Research. DOI: 10.1071/MF20257	December 2020
Jennings, C. A., M. Allen, C. Belcher, R. Bringolf, D. Dennerline, T. Goar, K. Kuklinski, J. Long, P. Mazik, D. Riecke, and M. Rogers. Congratulations on Your Promotion to Management: Considerations for New Supervisory Biologists. 2020. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 7:103-113. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	March 2020	During the past decade, many senior leaders in natural resource management organizations retired and new leaders were recruited to replace them. The new supervisory biologists now find themselves tasked with operational responsibilities (e.g., personnel, budgets, procurement, safety) with limited formal training in those areas. This sudden role change can be jolting, but need not be debilitating. Here we present information and guidance on various topics ranging from recruiting new personnel and conducting performance evaluations to maintaining a sound safety program as well as legal considerations regarding personal and institutional liabilities for job-related issues. Often, your first task as the new supervisor is to oversee a recruitment effort to fill your old position. This first task is best accomplished by working closely with the designated human resources staff to meet all administrative requirements and deadlines. After the successful hire, effective team leadership is achieved by learning how each staff member is motivated, what they are best able to contribute to the team, and areas for which they may need support. As a new supervisor, you are now responsible for promoting your agency’s safety program to mitigate potential job-related hazards. Despite institutional safeguards, accidents happen or interpersonal interactions can go poorly, and the aggrieved party may litigate for due compensation or to punish the perceived wrongdoer. As a supervisor, you may be a party to these litigations, and understanding your responsibilities in these situations is important for keeping you, your supervisees, and your institution safe and free of liability and help to hold any responsible party accountable when accidents, harassment, bias, or bullying occur. We hope the information provided here will facilitate a smooth transition from mid-career biologist to a supervisory biologist who can efficiently carryout their agency’s mission in natural resource stewardship.<br>
Jenks, J. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2002. Effects of domestic cattle on the condition of female white-tailed deer in southern pine-bluestem forests, USA. Acta Theriologica 48:131-144.	April 2003
Jenks, J. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1989. Digesta retention of winter diets in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns in Maine, USA. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67:1500-1504.	January 1989
Jenks, J. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1988. Effect of lichen and in vitro methodology on digestibility of winter deer diets in Maine. Canadian Field-Naturalist 102:216-220.	May 1988
Jenks, J. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2011. Interactions with other large herbivroes. Pp. 287-309 in Biology and Management of white-tailed deer (D. Hewitt, ed.). Taylor & Francis, New York.	June 2011
Jenks, J. A., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., E. C. Hellgren, M. A. Melchiors, and G. T. Mathis. 1991. Glycosylated hemoglobin as a stable alternative to serum glucose in white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 27:502-505.	May 1991
Jenks, J. A., R. B. Soper, R. L. Lochmiller, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1990. Effect of exposure on nitrogen and fiber characteristics of white-tailed deer feces. Journal of Wildlife Management 54:389-391.	April 1990
Jenks, J. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and H. C. Gibbs. 1986. Anomalies of the skull of a white-tailed deer fawn from Maine. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 22:286-289.	March 1986
Jenks, J. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. L. Lochmiller, and M. A. Melchiors. 1994. Variation in gastrointestinal characteristics of male and female white-tailed deer: implications for resource partitioning. Journal of Mammalogy 75:1045-1053.	February 1994
Jenks, J. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. L. Lochmiller, M. A. Melchiors, and W. A. Warde. 1989. Effect of compositing samples on analysis of fecal nitrogen. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:213-215.	February 1989
Jenks, J. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. L. Lochmiller, M. A. Melchiors, and F. T. McCollum, III. 1996. Competition in sympatric white-tailed deer and cattle populations in southern pine forest of Oklahoma and Arkansas, USA. Acta Theriologica 41:287-306.	March 1996
Horncastle, V. J., E. C. Hellgren, P. M. Mayer, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2004. Differential consumption of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) by avian and mammalian guilds: implications for tree invasion. American Midland Naturalist 152:255-267.	October 2004
Horncastle, V. J., E. C. Hellgren, P. M. Mayer, A. C. Ganguli, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Implications of invasion by Juniperus virginiana on small mammals in the southern Great Plains. Journal of Mammalogy 86:1144-1155.	December 2005
Holley, C.T. and J.M. Long. 2018. Potential Longnose Darter Population in the Kiamichi River of Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 98:14-17.	December 2018
Hixson, K. M. , S. J. Slater, R. N. Knight, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2022 Seasonal variation in resource selection by subadult golden eagles in the Great Basin Desert. Wildlife Biology 2022(1): e01002. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	November 2021	Golden eagles (<i>Aquila chrysaetos</i>) are a long-lived and wide-ranging species believed to be stable or in slight decline across North America. Golden eagles have an extended subadult stage (4–5 years) that is critical to maintaining recruitment into the breeding population and population viability. Compared to adult golden eagles, the ecology of subadults has received little attention. We investigated patterns of resource selection for subadults in the Great Basin Desert of the western United States during summer and winter, 2013–2019. We monitored 46 subadults with GPS transmitters and related locational data (<i>n </i>= 99,037) with spatial predictors hypothesized to influence seasonal patterns of space use with mixed-effects logistic regression. Subadults selected for ridges and upper slopes in both seasons, but higher elevations in summer. Subadults showed weak selection for lower ridge density in summer, which was likely facilitated by selection for areas with greater thermal wind current potential. In contrast, subadults showed strong selection for higher ridge density in winter. Subadults selected areas further from roads in summer and closer to roads and electrical transmission lines in winter, which may be related to winter scavenging of road-killed ungulates. Resource selection functions suggested subadults selected for shrublands and woodlands in both seasons, but odds ratios revealed that during winter subadults avoided shrublands and increased selection of woodlands. Subadults tended to select for areas with infrequent fires in both seasons; areas with frequent fires were avoided in summer but selected for in winter. Seasonal changes in resource selection suggest that subadults used woodlands more than expected, and this may reflect spatial partitioning by subadults to lower-quality habitats to minimize competition with breeding adults during winter when energetic demands were higher and prey more limited. Our models had high predictive power and can inform natural resource planning to promote golden eagle conservation.
Hellgren, E. C., S. L. Bales, M. Gregory, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. D. Clark. 2007. Testing a Mahalanobis distance model of black bear habitat slection in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:924-928.	May 2007
Harsh, S., A. Gregory, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2022. Habitat amount or landscape configuration: Emerging HotSpot analysis reveals the importance of habitat amount for a grassland bird in South Dakota. PloS ONE 17(9): e0274808. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.02748088. \| Abstract \| Download	September 2022	Habitat loss and fragmentation are two important drivers of biodiversity decline. Understanding how species respond to landscape composition and configuration in dynamic landscape is of great importance for informing the conservation and management of grassland species. With limited conservation resources, prescribed management targeted at the appropriate landscape process is necessary for effective management of species. We used pheasants (<i>Phasianus colchicus</i>) across South Dakota, USA as a model species to identify environmental factors driving spatiotemporal variation in population productivity. Using an emerging Hotspot analysis, we analyzed annual count data from 105 fixed pheasant brood routes over24-year period to identify high (HotSpot) and low (ColdSpot) pheasant population productivity areas. We then applied classification and regression tree modeling to evaluate landscape attributes associated with pheasant productivity among spatial scales (500 m and 1000 m). We found that the amount of grassland at a local spatial scale was the primary factor influencing an area being a HotSpot. Our results also demonstrated non-significant or weak effects of fragmentation per se on pheasant populations. These findings are in accordance with the habitat amount hypothesis highlighting the importance of habitat amount in the landscape for maintaining and increasing the pheasant population. We, therefore, recommend that managers should focus on increasing the total habitat area in the landscape and restoring degraded habitats. Our method of identifying areas of high productivity across the landscape can be applied to other species with count data.
Hafen, T., A.T. Taylor, D.A. Hendrickson, D.R. Stewart, and J.M. Long. 2021. Environmental conditions associated with occurrences of the threatened Yaqui Catfish in the Yaqui River basin, Mexico. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 41(S1): S54-S63. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10653	July 2021
Hackler, J. C., R. A. Van Den Bussche, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2007. Characterization of microsatellite DNA markers for the alligator snapping turtle, Macrochelys temminckii. Molecular Ecology Notes 7:474-476.	April 2007
Gunn, J.C., L.K. Berkman, J. Koppelman, A.T. Taylor, S. Brewer, J.M. Long, and L.S. Eggert. 2022. Genomic divergence, local directional selection, and complex demographic history may inform management of a popular sportfish species complex. Ecology and Evolution 12:e9370. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9370.	October 2022
Gunn, J.C., L.K. Berkman, J. Koppelman, A.T. Taylor, S. Brewer, J.M. Long, and L.S. Eggert. 2020. Complex Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Differentiation in the Smallmouth Bass subspecies (Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu and M. d. velox) of the Central Interior Highlands. Conservation Genetics 21:897-904.	August 2020
Gunn, J.C., A.T. Taylor, J.J. Buckingham, A.I. Kern, and J.M. Long. 2023. Limited hybridisation and introgression despite stocking among endemic Interior Highlands black basses (Centrarchidae: Micropterus). Diversity and Distributions 29:1205-1320. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13759	August 2023
Guertault, Lucie, Garey A. Fox, and Shannon K. Brewer. 2018. Geomorphic identification of physical habitat features in a large, altered river system. Proceedings of the ninth International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, Lyon-Villeurbance, France DOI:10.1051/e3sconf/20184002031.	October 2018
Groves, C. P., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2011. Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned ruminants). Pp. 444-571 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Vol. 2, Hoofed Mammals (D. E. Wilson, and R. A. Mittermeier, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. 886 pp. \| Publisher Website	August 2011
Groves, C. P., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2011. Rhinoceros sondaicus (Perissodactyla: Rhinoceroidae). Mammalian Species 43(887):190-208. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	October 2011	Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822, commonly called the Javan rhinoceros or lesser one-horned rhinoceros, is the most critically endangered large mammal on Earth with only 40–50 extant individuals in 2 disjunct and distant populations: most in Ujung Kulon, West Java, and only 2–6 (optimistically) in Cat Loc, Vietnam. R. sondaicus is polytypic with 3 recognized subspecies: R. s. sondaicus (currently West Java), R. s. inermis (formerly Sunderbunds; no doubt extinct), and R. s. annamiticus (Vietnam; perhaps now extinct). R. sondaicus is a browser and currently occupies lowland semi-evergreen secondary forests in Java and marginal habitat in Vietnam; it was once more widespread and abundant, likely using a greater variety of habitats. R. sondaicus has a very spotty history of husbandry, and no individuals are currently in captivity. Conservation focuses on protection from poaching and habitat loss. Following decades-long discussion of captive breeding and establishment of a 3rd wild population, conservation and governmental agencies appear closer to taking such seriously needed action on the latter.
Graber, A. E., C. A. Davis, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2006. Golden-cheeked warbler males participate in nest-site selection. Wilson Bulletin 118:247-251.	June 2006
Gosch, N.J.C., M.L. Miller, T.R. Gemeinhardt, T.A. Starks, A.P. Civiello, J.M. Long, and J.L. Bonneau. 2016. Prey consumption and preference of age-0 sturgeon in the lower Missouri River. River Research and Applications 32:1819-1823. DOI: 10.1002/rra.3003USERDEF_rfCreateCorres>	February 2016
Gosch, N.J.C., A.P. Civiello, T.R. Gemeinhardt, J.L. Bonneau, and J.M. Long. 2018. Are shovelnose sturgeon a valid diet surrogate for endangered pallid sturgeon during the first year of life? Journal of Applied Ichthyology 34:39-41. DOI: 10.1111/jai.13512	January 2018
Gonzalez, A., J.M. Long, N.J.C. Gosch, A.P. Civiello, and T.R. Gemeinhardt. 2022. Factors affecting interannual variation in diet and body lipid content of age-0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon in the lower Missouri River, USA. River Research and Management 38:1167-1178. DOI: 10.1002/rra.3984	May 2022
Gonzalez, A., J.M. Long, N.J.C. Gosch, A.P. Civiello, T.R. Gemeinhardt, and J. Hall. 2021. Spatial and temporal variation in length-weight relationships of age-0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon in the lower Missouri River. American Midland Naturalist 186: 106-121. DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-186.1.106	July 2021
Gonzalez, A., J.M. Long, N.J.C. Gosch, A.P. Civiello, T.R. Gemeinhardt, J. Hall, and P.J. Braaten. 2023. Dietary comparison of age-0 sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus sp.) between upper and lower Missouri River basins. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 38:1, 2219689, DOI: 10.1080/02705060.2023.2219689	June 2023
Gonzalez, A., C.L. Barnes, S.M. Wilder, and J.M. Long. 2020. Macronutrient content of common aquatic macroinvertebrates available as prey for juvenile fishes in the lower Missouri River. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 35:191-202. DOI: 10.1080/02705060.2020.1767705	May 2020
Ginger, S. M., E. C. Hellgren, M. A. Kasparian, L. P Levesque, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2003. Niche shift by Virginia opossum following reduction of a putative competitor, the raccoon. Journal of Mammalogy 84:1279-1291.	November 2003
Gese, E.M., P.A. Terletzky, H.S. Cooley, F.F. Knowlton, and R.C. Lonsinger. Survey and Monitoring Methods for Furbearers in T.L. Hiller, R.D. Applegate, R.D. Bluett, S.N. Frey, E.M. Gese, and J.F. Organ (Eds.). Wild Furbearer Management and Conservation in North America (2^nd Edition). Wildlife Ecology Institute. https://doi.org/10.59438/QXDE4827	January 2024
Geroge, A. D., T. J. O'Connell, K. R. Hickman, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2013. Use of seeded exotic grasslands by wintering birds. Praire Naturalist 45:77-83.	December 2013
Geroge, A. D., T. J. O'Connell, K. R. Hickman, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2009. Influence of Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum) monocultures on breeding density of three grassland songbirds in Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Fourth International Partners in Flight Conference 4:691-697. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	October 2009	Despite persistent and widespread declines of grassland birds in North America, few studies have assessed differences between native grasslands and seeded monocultures as songbird habitat. In the Great Plains, many fi elds enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program have been seeded to Old World bluestems (OWB), but there is evidence to suggest that OWB may not provide suitable conditions for several grassland bird species. Our objectives were to investigate the infl uence of OWB monocultures on vegetation structure, composition, and breeding densities of three common grassland bird species. In 2007, we used distance sampling to survey breeding songbirds in 6 native mixed grass prairie and 6 OWB fi elds in Garfi eld, Grant, and Alfalfa counties, Oklahoma. Native mixed grass prairie supported taller and denser vegetation, as well as greater forb cover than OWB fi elds. Breeding density of Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) was higher in OWB monocultures, while density of Dickcissel (Spiza americana) and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) was similar among fi eld types.
George, A. D., T. J. O'Connell, K. R. Hickman, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2013. Food availability in exotic grasslands: a potential mechnism for depauterate breeding assemblages. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 125:526-533.	September 2013
Gemeinhardt, T.R., N.J.C. Gosch, A.P. Civiello, N. Chrisman, H. Shaughnessy, T.L. Brown, J.M. Long, and J.L. Bonneau. 2019. Evaluating age-0 Shovelnose Sturgeon foraging efficiency at multiple spatial scales: the influence of depth and velocity. River Research and Applications 35:205-215. DOI: 10.1002/rra.3395	March 2019
Gatlin, MR, JM Long, and DJ Turton. 2015. Observational changes to the natural flow regime in Lee Creek in relation to altered precipitation patterns and its implications for fishes. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 95:135-146.	June 2016
Gatlin, M.R., D.E. Shoup, and J.M. Long. 2012. Invasive zebra mussels (Driessena polymorpha) and Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) survive gut passage of migratory fish species: implications for dispersal. Biological Invasions. DOI 10.1007/s10530-012-0372-0.	November 2012
Gatlin, M.R. and. J.M. Long. 2011. Persistence of longnose darter (P. nasuta) in Lee Creek, Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 91:11-14.	September 2012
Gary, R.A., J.M. Long, B.T. Eachus, A.R. Dzialowski, and J.D. Schooley. 2024. Factors associated with Paddlefish restoration success in Oklahoma. Fisheries Management and Ecology 31:e12677. https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12677	December 2023
Fuhlendorf, S. D., W. C. Harrell, D. M. Engle, R. G. Hamilton, C. A. Davis, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2006. Should heterogeneity be the basis for grassland conservation? Response of grassland birds to the fire-grazing interaction. Ecological Applications 16:1706-1716.	December 2006
Fuhlendorf, S. D., A. J. W. Woodward, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. S. Shackford. 2002. Multi-scale effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on lesser prairie-chicken populations of the US southern Great Plains. Landscape Ecology 17:617-628.	December 2002
Fox, S. F., P. A. Shipman, R. E. Thill, J. P. Phelps, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2004. Amphibian communities under diverse forest management in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas. Pages 164-173 in Ouachita and Ozark Mountains symposium: ecosystem management research (J. M. Guldin, tech. comp. ). U. S. Forest Service General Technical Report SRS-74, Asheville, NC. 321 pp.	April 2004
Fetherston, S. C., R. C. Lonsinger, L. B. Perkins, C. P. Lehman, J. R. Adams, and L. P. Waits. 2024. Genetic analysis of harvest samples reveals population structure in a highly mobile generalist carnivore. Ecology and Evolution 14(5): e11411. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11411 \| Abstract	May 2024	Delineating wildlife population boundaries is important for effective population monitoring and management. The bobcat (<i>Lynx rufus</i>) is a highly mobile generalist carnivore that is ecologically and economically important. We sampled 1,215 bobcats harvested in South Dakota, USA, (2014–2019) and used 17 microsatellite loci to assess genetic diversity and infer population genetic structure. We assigned individuals to genetic clusters (<i>K</i>) using spatial and nonspatial Bayesian clustering algorithms, and quantified differentiation (<i>F<sub>ST</sub></i> and <i>G”<sub>ST</sub></i>) among clusters. Across loci, mean allelic richness was 10.8 (range: 7–19) and mean expected heterozygosity (0.80) exceeded mean observed heterozygosity (0.74). We found support for population genetic structure at <i>K</i> = 2 and <i>K</i> = 4, with pairwise <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i> and <i>G”<sub>ST</sub></i> values indicating weak to moderate differentiation, respectively, among clusters. For <i>K</i> = 2, eastern and western clusters aligned closely with historical bobcat management units and were consistent with a longitudinal suture zone for bobcats previously identified in the Great Plains. We did not observe patterns of population genetic structure aligning with major rivers or highways. However, genetic divergence observed at <i>K</i> = 4 aligned roughly with ecoregion breaks and may be associated with environmental gradients. Our findings indicated that despite having a broad distribution, high movement capacity, and generalist tendencies, bobcats in South Dakota were not a single panmictic population. Rather, bobcats were genetically differentiated into eastern and western populations, with evidence of further differentiation within the western population.
Farless, N. and S.K. Brewer. 2017.Thermal tolerances of fishes occupying groundwater and surface-water dominated streams. Freshwater Science	September 2017
Facka, A. N., R. C. Lonsinger, G. W. Roemer. 2024. Abundance estimates of Gunnison’s prairie dogs compared to the number of active burrows. Wildlife Society Bulletin 48(1): e1513. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1513 \| Abstract	February 2024	Reliable prairie dog (<i>Cynomys </i>spp.) monitoring programs are important for assessing the status of prairie dog populations and selecting sites to reintroduce black-footed ferrets (<i>Mustela nigripes</i>). Estimating the density of active prairie dog burrows has been used as an index of prairie dog abundance. Indices derived from active burrow counts were developed for black-tailed (<i>C. ludovicianus</i>) and white-tailed (<i>C. leucurus</i>) prairie dogs, but their efficacy has not been evaluated for all prairie dog species and studies affirming their validity with more robust abundance estimators are few. We estimated the abundance of Gunnison’s prairie dogs (<i>C. gunnisoni</i>) in the Aubrey Valley, Arizona in 2006 at 2 different time periods using 4 different methods: maximum above ground counts (MAGC), minimum number known alive (MNKA), capture-mark-recapture (CMR), and mark-resight and compared these estimates to active burrow counts. We found no positive relationship between active burrow density and any metric of abundance. Mark-resight consistently produced estimates of abundance that were greater than the MNKA and were positively correlated with both the MNKA (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.30) and CMR estimates (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.49); other estimators were often biased low. Our results indicate that applying rigorous estimation methods may be necessary to accurately estimate prairie dog abundance and assess habitat quality for ferret management including reintroduction.
Erickson, N. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1988. Wetland delineation with vegetation-soil correlations in Sandhill and Rainwater Basin wetlands of Nebraska, USA. Pages 509-515 in C. D. A. Rubec and R. P. Overend, eds. Symposium '87 Wetlands/Peatlands. CCELC Secretariat, Environnement Canada, Ottawa, Canada.	January 1988
Engle, D. M., S. D. Fuhlendorf, A. Roper, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2008. Invertebrate community reponse to a shifting mosaic of habitat. Rangeland Ecology and Management 61:55-62.	January 2008
Echelle, A. A., G. R. Luttrell, R. D. Larson, A. V. Zale, W. L. Fisher, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. Decline of native prairie fishes. Pages 303-305 in E. T. LaRoe, G. S. Farris, C. E. Puckett, P. D. Doren, and M. J. Mac, eds. Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U. S. plants, animals, and ecosystems. U. S. National Biological Service, Washington, D. C. 530pp.	February 1995
Echelle, A. A., J. C. Hackler, J. B. Lack, S. R. Ballard, J. Roman, S. F. Fox, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. A. Van Den Bussche. 2009. Conservation genetics of the alligator snapping turtle: cytonuclear evidence of range-wide bottlenecking and unusually pronounced geographic structure. Conservation Genetics 11:1375-1387.	June 2010
Dyer, JJ, J Mouser, SK Brewer. 2016. Habitat Use and Growth of the Western Painted Crayfish Orconectes Palmeri Longimanus. Journal of Crustacean Biology DOI: 10.1163/1937240X-00002417.	February 2016
Dyer, J.J., T.A. Worthington, and S.K. Brewer. 2015. Response of narrow-range crayfish to hyporheic water availability and excess sedimentation. Hydrobiologia	July 2015
Dyer, J.J., S.K. Brewer, T.A. Worthington, and E.A. Bergey.2013. The influence of coarse-scale environmental features on current and future distributions of narrow-range endemic crayfish populations. Freshwater Biology doi:10.1111/fwb.12109	June 2013
Dyer, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2018. Habitat Associations of Three Crayfish Endemic to the Ouachita Mountain Ecoregion. Southeastern Naturalist 17:259-269.	May 2018
Dukes, C. G., M. L. Allen, L. E. Dodd, A. J. Edelman, S. N. Harris, S. H. LaRose, D. S. Jachowski, R. C. Lonsinger, and D. B. Sasse. 2022. A review of camera trapping methodologies for Eastern spotted skunks. Journal of Fish & Wildlife Management 13(1):295-305. https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-21-073 \| Abstract	March 2022	<i>Spilogale putorius</i> (Eastern Spotted Skunk) is an understudied species that has experienced range-wide declines. Over the past 16 years, camera traps have become an increasingly common tool to monitor and understand the current distribution of Eastern Spotted Skunks. To inform best surveying practices, we reviewed 16 camera trap studies specifically targeting this species. We focused on reported latency to initial detection and 3 main aspects of study design: seasonality of detections, baits and lures, and camera trap brands. Latency to initial detection ranged from 1–82 days with a mean of 17.1 days (SD = 9.1). Attractants varied among projects, but most (75%) used sardines as bait. The highest percentage of skunk detections occurred in March (92%). Studies using Moultrie brand camera traps were the most widely used, but Bushnell camera traps had a higher detection rate (mean = 24%, SD = 18.5, <i>n =</i> 4) than other brands included in our review. We conclude by outlining effective surveying techniques that will aid in developing more efficient methods to address key knowledge gaps for this elusive species.
Douglas, C. L., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1999. Management of bighorn sheep. Pages 238-262 in Mountain sheep of North American (R. Valdez and P. R. Krausman, eds. ). The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 353 pp.	July 1999
Douglas, C. L., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1996. Feral animals on rangelands. Pages 281-292 in Rangeland wildlife (P. R. Krausman, ed. ). Society for Range Management, Denver, Colorado.	June 1996
Douglas, C. L., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1986. Influence of weather and density on lamb survival of desert mountain sheep. Journal of Wildlife Management 50:153-156.	February 1986
Ditchkoff, S. S., R. L. Lochmiller, R. E. Masters, W. R. Starry, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2001. Does fluctuating asymmetry of antlers in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) follow patterns predicted for sexually selected traits? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B. Biological Sciences 268:891-898.	May 2001
Ditchkoff, S. S., M. G. Sams, R. L. Lochmiller, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2001. Utility of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 as predictors of neonatal mortality in white-tailed deer. Journal of Mammalogy 82:239-245.	February 2001
Disney, M. R., E. C. Hellgren, C. A. Davis, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 2008. Relative abundance of mesopredators and size of oak patches in the cross-timbers ecoregion. Southwestern Naturalist 53:214-223.	June 2008
DiStefano RJ, D. Ashley, S. K. Brewer, J. Mouser, and M. Neimiller. 2020. Preliminary investigation of the critically imperiled Caney Mountain Cave Crayfish Orconectes stygocaneyi (Decapoda: Cambaridae) (HOBBS III 2001) in Missouri, USA. Freshwater Crayfish 25. 47-57. 10.5869/fc.2020.v25-1.047.	January 2020
Davis, M. and S.K. Brewer. 2014.Gulf Coast Prairie Landscape Conservation Cooperative Regional Hypotheses of Ecological Responses to Flow Alteration. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-107-2014, Washington, D.C.	May 2014
Davis, C. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., W. D. Walter, and A. E. Graber. 2010. Mountain biking trail use affects reproductive success of nesting gold-cheeked warblers. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 122:465-474.	September 2010
Dattilo, J., D. Shoup, and S. K. Brewer. 2019. Age and growth of Freshwater Drum and Gizzard Shad occupying two reservoir-river complexes with different groundwater contributions. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 39(6): 1132-1142.	December 2019
Dart, M. M. , L. B. Perkins, J. A. Jenks, G. Hatfield, and R. C. Lonsinger. The effect of scent lures on detection is not equitable among sympatric species. Wildlife Research 50(3): 190–200. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR22094 \| Abstract	November 2022	Camera trapping is an effective tool for cost-efficient monitoring of rare and elusive species over large temporal and spatial scales and is becoming an increasingly popular method for investigating wildlife communities and trophic interactions. Camera trapping research targeting rare and elusive species can be hampered by low detection rates. Consequently, researchers often employ attractants in an effort to increase detection without accounting for how attractants may differentially influence detection of species across trophic levels. We evaluated the influences of a commonly used non-species-specific olfactory lure (i.e., sardines) and sampling design on detection of four species (i.e., bobcat [<i>Lynx rufus</i>], coyote [<i>Canis latrans</i>], raccoon [<i>Procyon lotor</i>], and eastern cottontail [<i>Sylvilagus floridanus</i>]) that represented a range of foraging guilds in an agricultural landscape in southcentral South Dakota. We evaluated the influence of the lure at three temporal scales of detection (i.e., daily probability of detection, independent sequences per detection, and triggers per sequence). The influence of the lure on detection varied among trophic levels and across temporal scales. The lure tended to positively influence detection of coyotes and negatively influenced detection of bobcats. The lure also tended to positively influence detection of raccoon, an intermediate omnivore, and negatively influenced detection of eastern cottontail, an herbivorous prey.
Dale, J, C.B. Zou, W.J. Andrews, J.M. Long, Y. Liang, and L. Qiao. 2015. Climate, water use, and land surface transformation in an irrigation intensive watershed - streamflow responses from 1950 through 2010. Agricultural Water Management 160:144-152.	August 2015
Dakin, E.E., B.A. Porter, B.J. Freeman, and J.M. Long. 2015. Hybridization threatens Shoal Bass populations in the upper Chattahoochee River basin. Pages 491-502 in Tringali, M.D., J.M. Long, T.W. Birdsong, and M.S. Allen, editors. Black bass diversity: multidisciplinary science for conservation. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 82, Bethesda, Maryland. \| Abstract	February 2015	Shoal bass (Micropterus cataractae) are native only to the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint river system of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, and are vulnerable to extinction as a result of population fragmentation and introduction of non-native species. We assessed the genetic integrity of isolated populations of shoal bass in the upper Chattahoochee River basin (above Lake Lanier, Big Creek, and below Morgan Falls Dam) and sought to identify rates of hybridization with non-native, illegally stocked smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu) and spotted bass (M. punctulatus). Using ten highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and the population assignment software STRUCTURE, shoal bass below Morgan Falls dam showed evidence for high levels of hybridization with smallmouth bass and possibly spotted bass, while a population of shoal bass in Big Creek showed evidence for the presence of smallmouth bass individuals and lower levels of hybridization between shoal bass and smallmouth bass. The only shoal bass population not impacted by congeneric hybridization was found upstream of Lake Lanier, in the headwaters of the Chattahoochee River. Conservation actions, such as a program to reduce or eliminate non-native black bass species and their hybrids, could help maintain the genetic uniqueness of these shoal bass populations in the upper Chattahoochee River basin and lessen their susceptibility to local extinction.
D'Anieri, P., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. L. McCormack, Jr. 1987. Small mammals in glyphosate-treated clearcuts in northern Maine. Canadian Field-Naturalist 101:547-550.	January 1987
D'Anieri, P. A., M. L. McCormack, Jr., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and S. M. Zedaker. 1986. The small mammal community in a glyphosate conifer release treatment in Maine. Proceedings of the Northeast Weed Science Society 40:205-209.	January 1986
Crosswhite, D. L., S. F. Fox, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. S. Gregory. 1998. Distribution of the Ouachita dusky salamander (Desmognathus brimleyorum) in southeastern Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 78:49-52.	December 1998
Crosby, A. D., R. D. Elmore, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2013. Northern bobwhite response to habitat restoration in eastern Oklahoma. Wildlife Society Bulletin 37:733-740.	October 2013
Crosby, A. D., R. D. Elmore, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. E. Will. 2015. Looking beyond rare species as umbrella species: northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) and conservation of grassland and shrubland birds. Biological Conservation 186:233-240.	April 2015
Criffield, M. A., M. V. Reichard. E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and K. Freel. 2008. Parasites of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in the Oklahoma Panhandle. Southwestern Naturalist 54:492-498.	December 2009
Criffield, M. A., E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2010. Density estimation and survey validation for swift fox Vulpes velox in Oklahoma. Acta Theriologica 55:53-60.	February 2010
Cove, M. V., R. Kays, H. Bontrager, C. Bresnan, M. Lasky, T. Frerichs, R. Klann, T. E. Lee Jr., S. C. Crockett, A. P. Crupi, K. C. B. Weiss, H. Rowe, T. Sprague, J. Schipper, C. Tellez, C. A. Lepczyk, J. E. Fantle‐Lepczyk, S. LaPoint, J. Williamson, M. C. Fisher‐Reid, S. M. King, A. J. Bebko, P. Chrysafis, A. J. Jensen, D. S. Jachowski, J. Sands, K. A. MacCombie, D. J. Herrera, M. van der Merwe, T. W. Knowles, R. V. Horan III, M. S. Rentz, L. S. E. Brandt, C. Nagy, B. T. Barton, W. C. Thompson, S. P. Maher, A. K. Darracq, G. Hess, A. W. Parsons, B. Wells, G. W. Roemer, C. J. Hernandez, M. E. Gompper, S. L. Webb, J. P. Vanek, D. J. R. Lafferty, A. M. Bergquist, T. Hubbard, T. Forrester, D. Clark, C. Cincotta, J. Favreau, A. N. Facka, M. Halbur, S. Hammerich, M. Gray, C. C. Rega‐Brodsky, C. Durbin, E. A. Flaherty, J. M. Brooke, S. S. Coster, R. G. Lathrop, K. Russell, D. A. Bogan, R. Cliché, H. Shamon, M. T. R. Hawkins, S. B. Marks, R. C. Lonsinger, M. T. O'Mara, J. A. Compton, M. Fowler, E. L., K. E. Andy, J. L. Belant, D. E. Byer Jr., T. M. Kautz, D. G. Scognamillo, C. M. Schalk, M. S. Leslie, S. L. Nasrallah, C. N. Ellison, C. Ruthven, S. Fritts, J. Tleimat, M. Gay, C. A. Whittier, S. A. Neiswenter, R. Pelletier, B. A. DeGregorio, E. K. Kuprewicz, M. L. Davis, A. Dykstra, D. S. Mason, C. Baruzzi, M. A. Lashley, D. R. Risch, M. R. Price, M. L. Allen, L. S. Whipple, J. H. Sperry, R. H. Hagen, A. Mortelliti, B. E. Evans, C. E. Studds, A. P. K. Sirén, J. Kilborn, C. Sutherland, P. Warren, T. Fuller, N. C. Harris, N. H. Carter, E. Trout, M. Zimova, S. T. Giery, F. Iannarilli, S. D. Higdon, R. S. Revord, C. P. Hansen, J. J. Millspaugh, A. Zorn, J. F. Benson, N. H. Wehr, J. N. Solberg, B. D. Gerber, J. C. Burr, J. Sevin, A. M. Green, Ç. H. Şekercioğlu, M. Pendergast, K. A. Barnick, A. J. Edelman, J. R. Wasdin, A. Romero, B. J. O'Neill, N. Schmitz, J. M. Alston, K. M. Kuhn, D. B. Lesmeister, M. A. Linnell, C. L. Appel, C. Rota, J. L. Stenglein, C. Anhalt‐Depies, C. Nelson, R. A. Long, K. J. Jaspers, K. R. Remine, M. J. Jordan, D. Davis, H. Hernández‐Yáñez, J. Y. Zhao, and W. J. McShea. 2021. SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States. Ecology 102(6): e03353. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3353 \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	April 2021	With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14‐week period (17 August ‐ 24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian’s eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the USA. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban‐wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot‐usa, as well as future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species‐specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.
Corley, B. A., W. L. Fisher, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1997. Validation of the great blue heron HSI Model Reproductive Index for the southcentral Great Plains. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 51:476-488.	October 1997
Coppedge, B. R., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. H. Shaw. 1998. Botanical composition of bison diets on tallgrass prairie in Oklahoma. Journal of Range Management 51:379-382.	June 1998
Cole, M. L., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and W. L. Fisher. 2002. Habitat use by shorebirds at a stopover site in the southern Great Plains. Southwestern Naturalist 47:372-378.	September 2002
Clark, J. E., J. L. Parsons, E. C. Hellgren, E. E. Jorgensen, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2003. Nitrogen concentration of stomach contents as an index of dietary nitrogen for Sigmodon hispidus. Journal of Mammalogy 84:1399-1409.	November 2003
Clark, J. E., E. C. Hellgren, J. L. Parsons, E. E. Jorgensen, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Nitrogen outputs of small mammals from fecal and urine deposition: implications for nitrogen cycling? Oecologia 144:447-455.	August 2005
Clark, J. E., E. C. Hellgren, E. E. Jorgensen, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Population dynamics of harvest mice (Reithrodontomys fulvescens and Reithrodontomys montanus) across a nitrogen-amended old field. American Midland Naturalist 154:240-252.	July 2004
Clark, J. E., E. C. Hellgren, E. E. Jorgensen, S. J. Tunnell, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2003. Population dynamics of hipid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) across a nitrogen-amended landscape. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:994-1003.	July 2003
Clark, B. S., W. L. Puckette, B. K. Clark, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1997. Status of the Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus towsendii ingens) in Oklahoma, 1957 to 1995. Southwestern Naturalist 42:20-24.	January 1997
Clark, B. S., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and T. S. Carter. 1993. Foraging activity of female Ozark big-eared bats (Plecotus townsendii ingens) in summer. Journal of Mammalogy 74:422-427.	June 1993
Clark, B. S., B. K. Clark, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2002. Seasonal variation in activity patterns of the endangered Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus towsendii ingens). Journal of Mammalogy 83:590-598.	May 2002
Clark, B. K., B. S. Clark, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1997. Seasonal variation in use of caves by the endangered Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens) in Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist 137:388-392.	November 1997
Clark, B. K., B. S. Clark, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1994. Cave use by eastern woodrats (Neotoma floridana) in relation to bat populations, internal cave characteristics and surface habitats. American Midland Naturalist 131:359-364.	January 1994
Clark, B. K., B. S. Clark, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1990. Endangered Ozark big-eared bat eaten by eastern woodrat. Prairie Naturalist 22:273-274.	March 1990
Clark, B. K., B. S. Clark, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. S. Gregory. 1996. Characteristics of caves used by the endangered Ozark big-eared bat. Wildlife Society Bulletin 24:8-14.	February 1996
Civiello, A.P., N.J.C. Gosch, T.R. Gemeinhardt, M.L. Miller, J.L. Bonneau, K.A. Chojnacki, A.J. DeLonay, and J.M. Long. 2018. Reach-scale assessment of age-0 shovelnose sturgeon diet and condition: implications for shallow water habitat restoration. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 38:1324-1338. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10236 \| Publisher Website	December 2018
Choi, S., D. F. Schreiner, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. Harper. 1993. Benefit-cost analysis of the Mountain Fork River trout fishery in southeastern Oklahoma. Pages 94-129 in J. C. Bergstrom (ed. ). Benefits and costs transfer in natural resource planning. Western Regional Res. Publ. W-133, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics., Univeristy of Georgia, Athens.	April 1993
Choi, S., D. F. Schreiner, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. Harper. 1993. Benefit-cost analysis of the Mountain Fork River trout fishery in southeastern Oklahoma. Oklahoma Current Farm Economics 66(3):29-41.	May 1993
Chapman, R. N., D. M. Engle, R. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Comparison of vegetation and bird communities of two grassland types in the southern Great Plains of North America. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 104:577-585.	December 2004
Chapman, R. N., D. M. Engle, R. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2004. Tree invasion constrains the influence of herbaceous structure on grassland birds. Ecoscience 11:55-63.	April 2004
Chapman, R. N., D. M. Engle, R. E. Masters, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Comparison of vegetation and bird communities of two grassland types in the southern Great Plains of North America. Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 104:577-585.	December 2004
Chapman, R. N., D. M. Engle, R. E. Masters, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2004. Tree invasion constrains the influence of herbaceous structure on grassland birds. Ecoscience 11:55-63.	April 2004
Chapagain, B., J.M. Long, A.T. Taylor, and O. Joshi. 2021. Variation in black bass angler characteristics by stream size and accessibility in Oklahoma's Ozark Highland streams. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 41:585-599. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10565	March 2021
Cavalieri, V. S., T. J. O'Connell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2011. Cerulean warbler occurrence and habitat use in Oklahoma. Southeastern Naturalist 10:167-177.	April 2011
Cavalieri, V. S., T. J. O'Connell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2009. A bird community on the edge: habitat use of forest songbirds in eastern Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Fourth International Partners in Flight Conference: Tundra to Tropic 4:118-127. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	December 2009	Several species of forest songbirds reach a western limit of their respective distributions in eastern Oklahoma. The relative infl uence of various habitat variables on patterns of occurrence in this region may differ from those same infl uences in the core of species’ ranges. We examined the infl uence of 16 habitat variables on the occurrence and density of a suite of forest songbirds. We sampled breeding birds with four, fi xed-radius point counts along 1-km transects at 75 forested sites in eastern Oklahoma in 2006. Forest cover at fi ne scales varied by numerous structural characteristics (e.g., canopy cover) as well as species composition (e.g., pines vs. hardwoods). We performed both Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) ordinations using 16 environmental variables and 37 bird species to examine bird habitat relationships. Forward Selection in CCA indicated that the most important environmental variables affecting bird habitat relationships were the amount of forest cover in the surrounding landscape matrix, and at a local scale, canopy height and elevation.
Carter, T. S., M. Superina, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2016. Priodonties maximus (Cingulata: Dasypodidae). Mammalian Species 48(932):21-34.	May 2016
Cartabiano, E.C., D.R. Stewart, and J.M. Long. 2015. Effect of bait and gear type on turtle bycatch and Channel Catfish population parameter estimates in a reservoir. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 30:407-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2014.966165 \| Abstract	October 2014	Hoop nets have become the preferred gear choice to sample channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus but the degree of bycatch can be high, especially due to the incidental capture of aquatic turtles. While exclusion and escapement devices have been developed and evaluated, few have examined bait choice as a method to reduce turtle bycatch. The use of ZoteTM soap has shown considerable promise to reduce bycatch of aquatic turtles when used with trotlines but its effectiveness in hoop nets has not been evaluated. We sought to determine the effectiveness of hoop nets baited with cheese bait or ZoteTM soap and trotlines baited with shad or ZoteTM soap as a way to sample channel catfish and prevent capture of aquatic turtles. We used a repeated-measures experimental design and treatment combinations were randomly assigned using a Latin-square arrangement. Eight sampling locations were systematically selected and then sampled with either hoop nets or trotlines using ZoteTM soap (both gears), waste cheese (hoop nets), or cut shad (trotlines). Catch rates did not statistically differ among the gearbait-type combinations. Size bias was evident with trotlines consistently capturing larger sized channel catfish compared to hoop nets. Results from a Monte Carlo bootstrapping procedure estimated the number of samples needed to reach predetermined levels of sampling precision to be lowest for trotlines baited with soap. Moreover, trotlines baited with soap caught no aquatic turtles, while hoop nets captured many turtles and had high mortality rates. We suggest that ZoteTM soap used in combination with multiple hook sizes on trotlines may be a viable alternative to sample channel catfish and reduce bycatch of aquatic turtles.
Burton, J. A., S. W. Hallgren, S. D. Fuhlendorf, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2011. Understory response to varying fire frequencies after 20 years of prescribed burning in an upland oak forest. Plant Ecology 212:1513-1525.	August 2011
Burton, AC, et al. 2024. Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape. Nature Ecology and Evolution 8: 924-935. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-024-02363-2	March 2024
Burroughs, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2017. The tangled socio-political web: How do we give science a stronger voice and make our decisions more transparent? Fisheries. 42: 377-379. 10.1080/03632415.2017.1276349.	June 2017
Bruckerhoff, L.A., Kamees, L.K., Holycross, A.T. and Painter, C.W., 2021. Patterns of Survival of a Communally Overwintering Rattlesnake Using an Artificial Hibernaculum. Ichthyology & Herpetology, 109(1), pp.64-74. https://doi.org/10.1643/h2019301	March 2021
Bruckerhoff, L.A., Gido, K.B., Estey, M. and Moore, P. 2021. Disentangling effects of predators and landscape factors as drivers of stream fish community structure. Freshwater Biology 66(4): 656:658. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13668	April 2021
Bruckerhoff, L.A., C. A. Pennock, and K.B. Gido. 2021. Do fine-scale experiments underestimate predator consumption rates?. Journal of Animal Ecology. doi:0.1111/1365-2656.13549 \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	May 2021	Understanding ecological processes across spatial scales helps link observations and predictions from experiments to ecological patterns occurring at coarser scales relevant to management and conservation. Using fish, we experimentally manipulated the size of arenas to test the spatial scaling of predator–prey interactions. We measured variation in predator consumption and prey behaviour (prey aggregation, spatial overlap with predators and movement) across arena sizes. Variation in prey behaviour across arena sizes was hypothesized to drive consumption patterns by altering prey vigilance and encounter rates with predators. Per capita consumption and movement were highest in the largest arena relative to the smallest and we observed a mismatch between where bass were present and the highest densities of prey across all arena sizes. We hypothesize more movement in largest arenas increased encounter rates and drove the observed increase in consumption with increasing arena size. Consumption estimates obtained in experimental studies may underestimate consumption, but understanding the mechanisms driving bias across scales helps predict the outcomes of predator–prey interactions in natural systems.
Brewer, SK, and TB Grabowski. 2013. Evaluating the reproductive success of Arkansas River shiner by assessing early life-history stage dispersal and survival at the landscape level. Final report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (FWS agreement number F11AP00112)	June 2013
Brewer, SK, TA Worthington, R Mollenhauer, DR Stewart, RA McManamay, L Guertault, and D Williams. 2018. Synthesizing models useful for ecohydrology and ecohydraulic approaches: An emphasis on integrating models to address complex research questions. Ecohydrology	April 2018
Brewer, SK and WC Musselman. 2014. Habitat use and movement by fishes using shallow-water habitats in three scenic rivers in Oklahoma. Final report to Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation	July 2014
Brewer, SK and JJ Dyer. 2014. The impacts of flow alterations to crayfishes in southeastern Oklahoma, with an emphasis on the mena crayfish. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.	June 2014
Brewer, SK and DJ Orth. 2015. Species conservation profile of the Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu. Pages 35-41 in Tringali, M. D., M. S. Allen, T. Birdsong, and J. M. Long, editors. Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation. Proceedings of the Symposium Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 82, Bethesda, Maryland.	June 2015
Brewer, S.K., McManamay, R.A., Miller, A.D. et al. Advancing environmental flow science: developing frameworks for altered landscapes and integrating efforts across disciplines. Environmental Management (2016) 58: 175-192. doi:10.1007/s00267-016-0703-5	May 2016
Brewer, S.K. and M.R. Ellersieck. 2011. Evaluating two observational sampling techniques for determining the distribution and detection probability of age-0 smallmouth bass in clear, warmwater streams. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 31: 894-904.	November 2011
Brewer, S.K. and M.M. Davis. 2014. Preliminary testing of flow-ecology hypotheses developed for the GCP LCC Region. .S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-108-2014, Washington, D.C.	May 2014
Brewer, S.K. and J.M. Long. 2015. Biology and ecology of genetically distinct Neosho and Ouachita smallmouth bass. Pages 281-296 in Tringali, M.D., J.M. Long, T.W. Birdsong, and M.S. Allen, editors. Black bass diversity: multidisciplinary science for conservation. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 82, Bethesda, Maryland. \| Abstract	February 2015	We reviewed the published and gray literature associated with Neosho Smallmouth Bass and the genetically-distinct Ouachita lineage. Substantial inter-stream variation appears to occur among these populations, particularly related to age. The Neosho subspecies is more abundant, grows faster, and lives longer than the genetically-distinct Ouachita lineage. Recruitment is highly variable among streams for both populations and appears to be related to some undescribed aspects of hydrology but also likely reflect bias due to sampling gear. Information on annual and seasonal trends is lacking for the Neosho subspecies and the Ouachita lineages, particularly as related to the spawning period. Conservation efforts for these lineages might benefit from agencies partnering to achieve goals that extend beyond a particular agencies responsibilities and state boundaries. Recognition of spatial and temporal considerations, combined with a better understanding of the population dynamics as related to abundance, growth, mortality and reproduction would benefit the creation of more effective conservation and management strategies for genetically-distinct populations of Smallmouth Bass.
Brewer, S.K. and J. Powers. 2015. Developing a multiple spatial scale model to predict the distribution of Oklahoma's freshwater mussel assemblages with an emphasis on the small rivers of southeastern Oklahoma. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.	April 2015
Brewer, S.K. and C.F. Rabeni. 2011. Interactions between natural-occurring landscape conditions and land use influencing the abundance of riverine smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68:1922-1933.	November 2011
Brewer, S.K. 2014. Smallmouth Bass. Kansas Fishes. University Press of Kansas	July 2014
Brewer, S.K. 2013. Groundwater influences on the distribution and abundance of riverine smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, in pasture landscapes of the Midwestern United States. River Research and Applications 29: 269–278 \| Publisher Website	September 2013
Brewer, S.K. 2013. Channel unit use by smallmouth bass: Do land-use constraints or quantity of habitat matter? North American Journal of Fisheries Management 33:351-358.	July 2013
Brewer, S.K. 2011. Patterns of young-of-year smallmouth bass microhabitat use in multiple stream segments with contrasting land uses. Fisheries Management and Ecology 18:506-512. \| Publisher Website	September 2011
Brewer, S. K., D. Shoup, and J. Datillo. 2018. Incorporating an approach to aid river and reservoir fisheries in an altered landscape. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-129-2018, Washington, D.C.	March 2018
Brewer, S. K., B. Brown, T. A. Worthington, R. Mollenhauer, A. Rodger, M. Skoog, and J. Burroughs. 2019. First summer survival and channel unit habitat use by the Neosho subspecies of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu velox). Pages 21-37 in Managing Centrarchid Fisheries. American Fisheries Society Symposium, Bethesda.	January 2019
Brewer, S. K. and R. Mollenhauer. 2017. Standardized methods for sampling Oklahoma streams. Cooperators Science Series	October 2017
Brandt, D., J.D. Wormington, J.M. Long, W.W. Hoback, and B.H. Noden. 2019. Differences in mosquito communities in six cities in Oklahoma. Journal of Medical Entomology. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz039	April 2019
Bowyer, R. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1999. Dall's sheep, Ovis dalli. Pages 350-351 in The Smithsonian book of North American mammals (D. E. Wilson and S. Ruff, eds. ). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C. 816 pp.	May 1999
Bowyer, R. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1993. Ovis dalli. Mammalian Species 393:1-7.	February 1992
Bowyer, R. T., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. L. Rachlow. 2000. Dall's and Stone's sheep. Pp. 491-516 in Ecology and management of large mammals in North America (S. Demarais and P. R. Krausman, eds. ). Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 778 pp.	January 2000
Boren, J. C., R. L. Lochmiller, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1996. Relation of serum and muscle free amino acids to dietary protein in the northern bobwhite. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 76:55-65.	January 1996
Boren, J. C., R. L. Lochmiller, J. F. Boggs, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1993. Gastrointestinal helminths of eastern woodrat populations in central Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist 38:146-149.	January 1993
Boren, J. C., R. L. Lochmiller, J. F. Boggs, S. T. McMurry, D. M. Leslie, Jr., D. M. Engle, and H. E. Jordan. 1993. Responses of intestinal nematodes in white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) populations to rangeland modification. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 73:39-44.	February 1993
Boren, J. C., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1995. Amino acid concentrations in seed of preferred forages of bobwhites. Journal of Range Management 48:141-144.	January 1995
Boren, J. C., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1993. Long-term effects of woody vegetation management on seasonal body condition of northern bobwhite. Journal of Range Management 46:520-523.	March 1993
Boggs, J. F., S. T. McMurry, D. M. Leslie, Jr., D. M. Engle, and R. L. Lochmiller. 1991. Influence of habitat modification on the community of gastrointestinal helminths of cotton rats. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 27:584-593.	February 1991
Boggs, J. F., S. T. McMurry, D. M. Leslie, Jr., D. M. Engle, and R. L. Lochmiller. 1990. Parasitism of cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) by Obeliscoides cuniculi in response to habitat modification in the Cross Timbers of Oklahoma. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 57:146-152.	February 1990
Boggs, J. F., S. T. McMurry, D. M. Leslie, Jr., D. M. Engle, and R. L. Lochmiller. 1990. Influence of habitat modification on the intestinal helminth community ecology of cottontail rabbit populations. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 26:157-169.	January 1990
Boggs, J. F., R. L. Lochmiller, S. T. McMurry, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Engle. 1991. Cuterebra infections in small-mammal communities as influenced by herbicide and fire. Journal of Mammalogy 71:322-327.	March 1991
Bissonette, J. A., C. S. Loftin, D. M. Leslie, Jr., L. A. Nordstrom, and W. J. Fleming. 2000. The cooperative research unit program and wildlife education: historic development, future challenges. Wildlife Society Bulletin 28:534-541.	November 2000
Birdsong, T.W. and 19 co-authors. 2015. Native Black Bass Initiative: Implementing Watershed-Scale Approaches to Conservation of Endemic Black Bass and Other Native Fishes in the Southern United States. Pages 363-378 in Tringali, M.D., J.M. Long, T.W. Birdsong, and M.S. Allen, editors. Black bass diversity: multidisciplinary science for conservation. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 82, Bethesda, Maryland. \| Abstract	February 2015	Rivers and streams of the southern United States (US) contain more than 1,800 aquatic species, 500 of which are regionally endemic. At present, 34% of the fish species and 90% of the mussel species in peril nationwide are found in these systems. Declines in these imperiled species are due to many factors, including hydrologic alteration, degraded water quality, loss of instream and watershed connectivity, physical habitat degradation, and the negative effects of non-indigenous species (e.g., predation on, competition with, and hybridization with native forms). In addition, this situation is exacerbated through human population growth, competing water demands, land use changes, and other interrelated issues. If unchecked, these issues will likely continue to contribute to the imperilment and loss of native species in the region. Of the nine described species and subspecies of black bass, six are endemic to the southern US: Guadalupe Bass Micropterus treculii, Shoal Bass M. cataractae, Redeye Bass M. coosae, Florida Bass M. salmoides floridanus, Alabama Bass M. henshalli, and Suwannee Bass M. notius. In addition, undescribed species and subspecies also exist and all are in need of conservation measures to prevent them from becoming imperiled. In an effort to focus and coordinate actions to support the long-term persistence of endemic black bass populations, local, state, and federal agencies, universities, non-governmental organizations, and corporations from across the region joined with the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to form the Native Black Bass Initiative (NBBI). The NBBI provides regional conservation strategies, objectives and targets to restore and preserve functional processes in those watersheds that support natural habitat conditions and sustainable populations of endemic black bass and other native fishes of the region. Initial actions implemented through the NBBI focus on addressing the conservation needs of Guadalupe Bass in streams of the Edwards Plateau Ecoregion of Texas, Redeye Bass in the Savannah River watershed of Georgia and South Carolina, and Shoal Bass populations in the Apalachicola River watershed of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia.
Barstow, A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. Leopardus braccatus (Carnivora: Felidae). Mammalian Species 44(891):16-25.	April 2012
Barrett, D. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2012. Spatio-temporal variations in age structures of a partially re-established poulation of northern river otters (Lontra canadensis). American Midland Naturalist 168:302-314.	October 2012
Barrett, D. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2010. Contemporary distribution of northern river otters in Oklahoma, with 7 new county records. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 294:1-13. \| Publisher Website	July 2010
Barko, V. A., J. H. Shaw, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1999. Birds associated with black-tailed prairie dog colonies in southern shortgrass prairie. Southwestern Naturalist 44:484-489.	November 1999
Bales-Lyda, S., E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2008. Diurnal habitat selection and home-range size of female black bears in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 87:55-64.	June 2008
Bales, S. L., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. Hemphill, Jr. 2005. Dynamics of a recolonizing population of black bears in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33:1342-1351.	April 2006

Presentations

Presentations	Presentation Date
Zimmerman, T. J., J. T. Kanta, J. A. Jenks, R. W. Klaver, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and E. L. Childers. 4 December 2006. Yearling bighorn sheep movement from Badlands National Park: occasional sally or dispersal? Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, Omaha, NE.	December 2006
Zimmerman, T. J., J. A. Jenks, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 9 March 2005. Dietary overlap and carrying capacity indices of mule deer, white-tailed deer, and cattle in the southern Black Hills. Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Brookings, SD.	March 2005
Zimmerman, T. J., J. A. Jenks, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 9 March 2004. Deer condition and vegetation response to fire in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota. Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Brookings, SD.	March 2004
Zimmerman, T. J., J. A. Jenks, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 21 September 2004. Effect of fire on the nutritional ecology of deer in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota. 11th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.	September 2004
Zimmerman, T. J., J. A. Jenks, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 16 June 2004. Variation in gastrointestinal morphology of deer: effects of fire, year, and season. 84TH Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Arcata, CA.	June 2004
Zimmerman, T. J., J. A. Jenks, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 13 May 2004. Deer condition and vegetation response to fire in the southern Black Hills, South Dakota. U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Seminar, Sioux Falls, SD.	May 2004
Zimmerman, T. J., J. A. Jenks, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 10 March 2005. Variation in gastrointestinal morphology of white-tailed deer and mule deer in the southern Black Hills. Black Hills Fire Ecology and Botany Workshop, Rapid City, SD.	March 2005
Zimmerman, T. J., J. A. Jenks, R. W. Klaver, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 25 June 2008. Evaluation of an augmentation of bighorn sheep in Badlands National Park, South Dakota. 88th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Brookings, SD.	June 2008
Zimmerman, T. J., J. A. Jenks, R. W. Klaver, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and E. L. Childers. 4 April 2006. Use of digital elevation data to predict bighorn sheep habitat at Badlands National Park. 15th Biennial Symposium of the Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council, Banff, Alberta, Canada.	April 2006
Zhang, T., DE Storm, A Mittelstet, SK Brewer, TA Worthington, and L. Gang. 2014.ALtered flow regime influences the distribution of Arkansas River Shiner. OK Governor's Water Conference	October 2014	Previous research has indicated that the mean annual discharge is related to their declining numbers and truncated distribution. Unfortunately, specific metrics of water availability are unknown, making a quantitative relationship difficult to define. In this paper, current and historic species distribution models were constructed by splitting available data at a time when the Arkansas River shiner dramatically declined.
Zhang, T., D.E. Storm, A. Mittlestet, and S.K. Brewer. 2014. Evaluating the Relationship between Historical Flow Regime and Declining Abundance and Distribution of Arkansas River Shiner, 23rd Annual Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association, April 1-3, 2014, Stillwater, OK	April 2014	Understanding how flow patterns relate to alterations in distributions allow managers to develop realistic conservation strategies for species recovery.
Zentner, D., Shannon K. Brewer, and Dan Shoup. 2019. Age and growth of Catistomids in the Ozark Highlands. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa.	February 2019	Harvest limits on many sucker species are often nonexistent or liberal, despite the regional importance of this fish to anglers. Ecological information is needed to ensure that these liberal harvest allowances are sustainable. Our objective was to examine population demographics of multiple Ozark catostomids.
Zentner, D., S. K. Brewer, and D. Shoup. 2020. Practicality of non-lethal aging structures for catostomids. Annual Meeting of the Natural Resources Conference, Norman.	February 2020	The family Catostomidae contains several species that lack non-lethal age-structure verification. Therefore, our study objective was to explore the viability of non-lethal methods for estimating age for five species of catostomids.
Zentner, D., Brewer, S. K. and D. Shoup. 2020. Assessment of the nil-recapture model to estimate minimum population size. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division American Fisheries Society, Little Rock.	February 2020	Recently, a Bayesian method was developed that estimates the minimum number of individuals in a population without recaptures. To further validate this model, we compared population estimates of Catostomids using a standard Jolly-Seber and new nil-recapture model using data from ongoing sampling.
Worthington, TA, SK Brewer, AS Vowles, and PS Kemp. 2014. The role of discharge and channel complexity on the downstream transport of semibuoyant fish eggs. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Quebec.	August 2014	It is unknown how discharge and habitat features interact to alter the transport dynamics of fish eggs. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship among drift of semi-buoyant egg surrogates (gellan beads), flow patterns and habitat complexity.
Worthington, T.A., T.B. Grabowski, and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Conservation implications of shrinking distributions: an example using Arkansas River shiner. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds, Stillwater.	April 2013	This study backcasts the decline of a federally-endangered species to identify environmental factors related to alterations in the species distribution. The presentation discusses conservation implications for the species.
Worthington, T.A., T. Grabowski, and S.K. Brewer. 2014. Combing GIS Data and Species Distribution Models to Highlight the Role of Landscape Scale Factors in the Decline of an Endemic Great Plains Cyprinid. 1) Sixth International Symposium on GIS/Spatial Analyses in Fishery and Aquatic Sciences, Tampa	August 2014	Developing management strategies for species of concern is particularly challenging as the multiple factors related to their decline are unknown. We combined historical capture records, and landscape GIS data to model the distribution of the federally-endangered Arkansas River shiner, Notropis girardi using the machine learning tool MaxEnt.
Worthington, T.A., S.K. Brewer and T.G. Grabowski. 2013. Using species distribution models to understand the deline of a Great Plains cyprinid: conseravtion implications for the Arkansas River shiner. Annual Symposium of the U.S. Chapter of the International Association of Landscape Ecologists, Austin.	April 2013	This project examines the decline of the Arkansas River shiner by examining factors related to changes in the distribution at the landscape scale. Understanding the factors that contributed to the decline will allow reasonable management actions to be created for this species and others of this reproductive guild.
Worthington TA, SK Brewer, TB Grabowski. Using species distribution models to predict factors related to the historical and current decline of a federally-threatened fish species. 2012 US Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Biology Annual Symposium. Newport, RI. 8-12 April 2012.	April 2012
Woodward, J. W., S. D. Fuhlendorf, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. Shackford. 26 April 2002. Mutlti-scale effects of landscape patterns on lesser prairie-chicken populations in agricultural landscapes. U.S. International Assocaition of Landscape Ecologists, Lincoln, NE.	April 2002
Woodward, A. J., S. D. Fuhlendorf, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 28 February 1999. Landscape-level evaluation of the impacts of changes in land use on lesser prairie chicken habitat. Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management, Omaha, NE.	February 1999
Woodward, A. J., S. D. Fuhlendorf, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 10 September 1999. Landscape-level evaluation of the lesser prairie chicken. 6TH Annual Meeting of The Wildlife Society, Austin, TX.	September 1999
Wolfenkoehler, W., J.M. Long, R. Gary, R. Snow, J. Schooley, R.C. Lonsinger, and L.A. Bruckerhoff. 2024. Utility of side-scan and down-scan sonar for monitoring a spawning population of Paddlefish in a riverine environment. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watershed-Oklahoma Chapter American Fisheries Society joint annual meeting, Stillwater, Oklahoma.	April 2024	In this study we evaluated the utility of side-scan sonar (SSS) to estimate Paddlefish abundance within a riverine setting in Oklahoma. The use of SSS and information from the side-scan and down-scan channels appear useful for the future management of this species.
Wolfenkoehler, W., J.M. Long, R. Gary, R. Snow, J. Schooley, R. Lonsinger, and L. Bruckerhoff. 2024 Utility of side-scan and down-scan sonar for monitoring Paddlefish. North American Sturgeon and Paddlefish Society annual meeting, Mobile, AL.	October 2024	Recreational-grade side-scan sonar (SSS) units are becoming increasingly used for monitoring large-bodied fishes that are similar in size to Paddlefish. Although other large-bodied species, particularly sturgeon, have been studied with this technology, Paddlefish differ in their pelagic habitat use.
Wolf, S., R. Mollenhauer, and S. K. Brewer. 2019. Movement and survival of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in an Ozark stream. Annual Meeting of the Southeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies.	October 2019	Managers are interested in both factors influencing movement and survival estimates to identify the most logical periods and locations for stocking and/or to understand where stocking may be problematic (e.g., negative interaction with native fishes). However, studies have often focused on Rainbow Trout stocked into modified systems (e.g., tailwaters) and where harvest is high (e.g., put and take fisheries).
Wolf, S., R. Mollenhauer, E. Tanner, and S. Brewer. 2018. Seasonal Habitat Selection by Fishes in Ozark Streams. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Atlantic City.	August 2018	The success and survival of stream fishes are influenced by their ability to select habitat at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Our study objective was to determine seasonal selection (autumn and winter) of microhabitat patches by several species of stream fishes.
Wolf, S., R. Mollenhauer, E. Tanner, S. Fuhlendorf, and S.K. Brewer. 2019. Seasonal Microhabitat Selection by Native Fishes in Ozark streams. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa.	February 2019	The addition of non-native fishes may limit native species from using key microhabitats, but this effect may only be seasonal. Our study objective was to determine seasonal microhabitat selection by several native stream fishes prior to the stocking of non-native Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in an Ozark stream.
Wolf, S., E. Tanner, S. Fuhlendorf, R. Mollenhauer, and S. Brewer. 2019. Practical Tool or Shiny Penny? Using Fiber-optic Distributed Temperature Sensing to Improve Evaluations of Temperature Selection by Stream Fishes. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Galveston.	January 2019	Our goal was to build on previous FO-DTS applications and examine their application in characterizing patterns of temperature-driven selection by stream fishes. We overview the principles of operating FO-DTS systems and compare them to traditional methods of temperature collection in terms of cost, installation effort, and data resolution.
Wolf, S., E. Tanner, R. Mollenhauer, S. Fuhlendorf, and S. K. Brewer. 2018. Determining the Temperature Selection Patterns of Native Stream Fishes in an Ozark Stream. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa, OK.	February 2018	Competition over temperature refugia may affect the overall survival and recruitment of important sport fishes or species of conservation concern, particularly during vulnerable life stages (e.g., juvenile). We sought to determine how thermal patches are selected both seasonally and during ontogeny.
Winton, B. R., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 26 October 2002. Comparison of habitat improvements for least terns on national wildlife refuges in Oklahoma and California. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society, Claremore, OK.	October 2002
Winter, S., S. Fudlendorf, C. A. Davis, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 October 2007. Use of prescribed fire on sand sagebrush at the Hal and Fern Cooper Wildlife Management Area. Joint Meeting of the Bollenbach Wildlife Symposium and Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Woodward, OK.	October 2007
Winter, S., E. Dozon, S. Fuhlendorf, C. A. Davis, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 29 October 2008. Patch-burn grazing research in sand sagebrush prairie of northwestern Oklahoma. Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapters of The Wildlife Society and Society for Range Management, Lawton, OK.	October 2008
Winter, S. L., S. D. Fuhlendorf, and �D. M. Leslie, Jr. 13 February 2007. Structure and density of Oklahoma sand sagebrush in a patch-burn environment. Annual Meeting of the Society of Range Management, Reno, NV.	February 2007
Winter, S. L., S. D. Fuhlendorf, C. A. Davis, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 21 February 2008. Heterogeneity in sand sage prairie: the influence of fire and grazing in an already heterogeneous landscape. Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management, Louisville, KY.	February 2008
Winter, S. L., K. R. Hickman, S. D. Fuhlendorf, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 20 April 2007. Biomass allocation of a prairie forb in a patch-burn landscape. 54th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Stephenville, TX.	April 2007
Winkelman, D.L. and C. Sager. 17 June 2003. Managing Hybrid Bluegill Fisheries: estimating and predicting the effects of young anglers. American Fisheries Society Symposia: Propagated Fish in Resource Management. Boise, Idaho	June 2003
Winkelman, D. L., M. G. Walsh, and D. B. Fenner. 20 August 2000. Electrofishing techniques and strategies for sampling small midwestern streams. 130th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, St. Louis, MO.	August 2000
Winkelman D.L. 23 February 2002. An historical perspective of age and size structure of flathead catfish in Lake Carl Blackwell, OK. Annual mid-year meeting of the American Fisheries Society Soutern Division. Little Rock, AR.	February 2002
Winkelman D.L. 19 August 2002. An historical perspective of age and size structure of flathead catfish in Lake Carl Blackwell, OK. Annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society Bartimore, MD.	August 2002
Willis, M. and D.L. Winkelman. 23 February 2002. Evaluating fishing effort and harvest of flathead catfish in Lake Carl Blackwell, OK. Annual mid-year meeting of the American Fisheries Society Southern Division. Little Rock, AR.	February 2002
Willis M. and D.L. Winkelman. 7 February 2002. Evaluating fishing effort and harvest of flathead catfish in Lake Carl Blackwell, OK. Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society annual meeting. Stillwater, OK.	February 2002
Whittier, J. B., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. Long-term monitoring of anthropogenis impacts on reproduction of interior least terns. 8th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Reno, NV.	September 2001
Whittier, J. B., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 24 October 1998. Tough times for least terns, Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge. 38TH Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society, Ada, OK.	October 1998
Whittier, J. B., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 21 April 2000. Pre-fledging survival of least tern chicks. 47th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Denton, TX.	April 2000
Whittier, J. B., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 14 November 1998. Nesting success of snowy plovers and least terns at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge. 87TH Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Tahlequah, OK.	November 1998
Whittier, J. B., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 11 June 1999. The effect of drought on nest success in least terns. 80TH Annual Meeting of the Wilson Ornithological Society, Portland, ME.	June 1999
Whittier, J. B., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. A. Van Den Bussche. 17 August 2001. Lack of genetic variation among subspecies of least tern: implications for conservation. Annual Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union, Seattle, WA.	August 2001
Whittier, J. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1 November 1997. Geographic variation in DNA of the least tern (Sterna antillarum). 37TH Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Ornithological Society, Stillwater, OK.	November 1997
Whitter, J. B., B. R. Winton, M. T. Koenen, R. B. Utych, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 4 April 1998. Anthropegenic impacts on nest success of western snowy plovers in north-central Oklahoma. North American Ornithological Conference, St. Louis, MO.	April 1998
Whitledge, G., W. Doyle, J. Long, B.C. Neely, and J.D. Schooley. 2017. Applications of emerging fisheries techniques for paddlefish. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Oklahoma City.	February 2017	Recent advances in fisheries techniques have provided insights into distribution, abundance, habitat use, and life history for several fish species. We also identify potential impediments to applications of these techniques and recommend steps needed to further assess and enhance their applicability to paddlefish management and conservation.
White, K.M., J. Stafford, A. Cheeseman, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2022. Predicted distribution of plains spotted skunk in eastern South Dakota. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Spokane, WA	November 2022	The plains spotted skunk (<i>Spilogale interrupta</i>) is being reviewed for protection under the Endangered Species Act. We used plains spotted skunk presence data from eastern South Dakota and cross-validated machine learning algorithms to evaluate habitat associations and identify areas where models predicted a high probability of spotted skunk presence.
White, K.M., A.E. Cheeseman, J.D. Stafford, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2024. Plains spotted skunks occur independently of a predator and competitor. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	We evaluated the influence of contracted coyote control, as well as the influence of cats (a potential predator) and striped skunks (a potential competitor) on plains spotted skunk occurrence. Our results indicated associations between systematic annual coyote removal, but no influence of cats or striped skunks on the occupancy of plains spotted skunks .Our findings emphasize the importance of understanding predator-prey dynamics for effective conservation.
White, K.M., A. Cheeseman, J. Stafford, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2024. Habitat associations and distribution modeling of the plains spotted skunk (Spilogale interrupta) in South Dakota. Joint meeting of the South Dakota Chapter and Central Mountains and Plains Section of The Wildlife Society, Rapid City, SD.	March 2024	The plains spotted skunk (<i>Spilogale interrupta</i>) is a data-deficient small carnivore native to the central plains of North America that has experienced significant population declines. We investigated the distribution and habitat associations of plains spotted skunks in South Dakota to informed conservation.
White, K.M., A. Cheeseman, J. Stafford, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Plains spotted skunk home range and third-order resource selection in eastern South Dakota. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY	November 2023	The plain spotted skunk (<i>Spilogale interrupta</i>) is a small, elusive carnivore that inhabits the plains of central North America, where populations have experienced >90% declines. We used radiotelemetry to evaluate the movements of plain spotted skunks in east-central South Dakota from March–August of 2021 and 2022; seasonal 95% home range sizes inidcated spring home ranges were substantially larger than summer home ranges.
White, K.M, A.E. Cheeseman, J.D. Stafford, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2024. Plains spotted skunks occur independently of a predator and competitor. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists. Boulder, CO. June 2024.	June 2024	This abstract summarizes work on plains spotted skunks in central South Dakota, and reports conditional occupancy probabilities between this species, feral cats, and striped skunks. The work also investigated the relative occupancy probabilities of these species between those in a county with long-term lethal coyote control and an adjacent county with no history of systematic coyote removal.
White, K., S.M. Laverty, M. Parks, J.M. Long, and A.T. Taylor. 2022. Hybridization of Neosho Bass in the upper Illinois River Basin: a genetic status update and implications for individual growth. Annual meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Lake Murray State Park, Oklahoma.	August 2022	To inform management and conservation efforts of Neosho Bass, our objectives were to 1) characterize the spatial extent and directionality of introgressive hybridization, and 2) examine the influences of genetic identity on individual growth. Ultimately, these models could help unravel the influences of genetic identity and environment on growth of Neosho Bass.
White, K., S.M. Laverty, M. Parks, J.M. Long, and A.T. Taylor. 2022. Hybrid swarming of Neosho Bass with non-native Smallmouth Bass in the upper Illinois River Basin, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Academy of Science Annual Technical Meeting, Tulsa, Oklahoma.	November 2022	To inform management and conservation efforts of Neosho Bass, our objectives were to 1) characterize the spatial extent and directionality of introgressive hybridization, and 2) examine the influences of genetic identity on individual growth. Ultimately, these models could help unravel the influences of genetic identity and environment on growth of Neosho Bass.
White, K., S. Laverty, M. Parks, J. Long, and A.T. Taylor. 2023. Hybrid swarming of Neosho Bass with non-native Smallmouth Bass in the upper Illinois River basin and implications for individual growth. Southern Division American Fisheries Society annual meeting, Norfolk, Virginia.	February 2023	Non-native Smallmouth Bass were stocked in Lake Tenkiller in 1991 and 1992, resulting in introgressive hybridization with Neosho Bass in areas upstream of the impoundment. Analysis of SNP panel genotypes in STRUCTURE and NewHybrids revealed an ongoing hybrid swarm in the Illinois River mainstem, with some pockets of nonhybrid Neosho Bass remaining in far upstream reaches of smaller tributaries.
White, K., R. C. Lonsinger, S. M. Crimmins, E. M. Anderson, and T. M. LIvieri. 2021. Fine-scale space use by swift foxes on a black-footed ferret recovery site. Swift Fox Conservation Team Meeting.	May 2021	Swift foxes have been implicated as a potential driver of declining populations of endangered black-footed ferrets. We used camera-based monitoring and occupancy analyses to better understand spatial patterns of swift foxes use on a black-ferret recovery site in western Kansas.
White, K., J.M. Long, and A.T. Taylor. 2021. Linking Smallmouth Bass genetics to individual growth in the upper Illinois River, Oklahoma. Annual meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Sequoyah State Park, Hulbert, OK.	September 2021	Like other endemic black basses, the Neosho SMB subspecies is threatened by hybridization with non-native <i>Micropterus</i> forms. Non-native Northern SMB (<i>M. d. dolomieu</i>) were stocked within Lake Tenkiller, which has resulted in introgressive hybridization with Neosho SMB in areas upstream of the impoundment, including the Illinois River. Pairing genetic identities with estimated ages will be used to parameterize von Bertalanffy growth functions that take into account the potential inf
Weyandt, S., R. A. Van Den Bussche, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. R. Hamilton. 1 November 2002. Population genetics of the endangered Ozark big-eared bat, Corynorhinus townsendii ingens. 91st Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 2002
Weyandt, S., R. A. Van Den Bussche, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. J. Hamilton. 7 November 2003. Unraveling the mystery of sex and dispersal: conservation genetics of the endangered Ozark big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii ingens). 92nd Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 2003
Weyandt, S., R. A, Van Den Bussche, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. J. Hamilton. 27 February 2003. Population genetics of the endangered Ozark big-eared bat, Corynorhinus towsendii ingens. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2003
Weyandt, S. E., R. A. Van Den Bussche, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. J. Hamilton. 21 February 2004. Unraveling the effects of sex and dispersal: conservation genetics of the endangered Ozark big-eared bat, Corynorhinus townsendii ingens. 22nd Annual Meeting of the Texas Society of Mammalogists, Junction, TX.	February 2004
Wedgeworth, M., and S. K. Brewer. 2020. Examining the relationship between Prairie Chub Machrybopsis australis spawning and environmental variables within the upper Red River basin. Annual Meeting of the Natural Resources Conference, Norman.	February 2020	The Prairie Chub Machrybopsis australis is a pelagic-broadcast spawning cyprinid (i.e., pelagophil) endemic to the Red River basin and a species of greatest concern need in Oklahoma. The vulnerability of Prairie Chub to changes in flow alteration is thought to be largely attributed to its reproductive ecology. We evaluated hatch date related to discharge, and temperature conditions across the Red River basin.
Wedgeworth, M., R. Mollenhauer, and S.K. Brewer. 2019. Local colonization and extinction of Prairie Chub Machrybopsis australis across wet-dry cycles in the upper Red River Basin. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa.	February 2019	The reproductive strategy of Prairie chub is common among prairie stream fishes and relies on adequate discharge for successful recruitment. Examining discharge requirements for Prairie chub can inform management regulations on water use that may have broader implications for this reproductive guild. We modeled Prairie Chub colonization and extinction probabilities in relation to flow regime metrics, while accounting for imperfect detection.
Wedgeworth, M. and S. K. Brewer. 2020. Examining the relationship between Prairie Chub Machrybopsis australis spawning and environmental variables within the upper Red River basin. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division American Fisheries Society, Little Rock.	February 2020	Prairie Chub is a species of conservation concern and the drivers of spawning are unknown. We modeled the relationships between discharge and temperature variation and hatch date of Prairie Chub in the upper Red River basin.
Webb, E., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. E. Masters. 3 August 2000. Limitations in essential amino acid nutrition in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in Oklahoma. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Kingfisher, OK.	August 2000
Webb, E., R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. E. Masters. 10 November 2000. Limitations in essential amino acid nutrition in wild cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in Oklahoma. 89th Annual Technical Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Tulsa, OK.	November 2000
Webb, E. , R. L. Lochmiller, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 7 November 1997. The effects of dietary methionine on an enclosed population of widl cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). 86TH Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 1997
Walter, W. D., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 7 November 2003. Response of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) to wind-power development in southwestern Oklahoma. 92nd Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 2003
Walter, W. D., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 30 March 2004. Successful chemical immobilization of free-ranging elk with Telazol and xylazine hydrochloride in a forested landscape in southwestern Oklahoma. 9th Annual Eastern Elk Management Workshop, Knoxville, TN.	March 2004
Walter, W. D., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 30 March 2004. Contrasting grouping patterns of a colonizing population of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) in a heterogeneous landscape. 9th Eastern Elk Management Workshop, Knoxville, TN.	March 2004
Walter, W. D., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 24 June 2003. Efficacy of immoblizing free-ranging elk with Telazol and xylazine hydrochloride with recovery using radio transmitter-equipped darts. 83rd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Lubbock, TX.	June 2003
Walter, W. D., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 10 September 2003. Efficacy of immobilizing fre-rangeing elk with Telazol and xylazine hydrochloride with recovery using trnsmitter-equipped darts. 10th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Burlington, VT.	September 2003
Walter, W. D., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1 November 2002. Grouping patterns of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) relative to landscape structure on private land in southwestern Oklahoma. 91st Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 2002
Walter, W. D., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 25 June 2008. Can mapping of stable isotopes in tissue supplant radiotelemetry to identify nutritional sinks for large generalist herbivores? 88th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Brookings, SD	June 2008
Walter, W. D., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. A. Jenks. 7 October 2004. Response of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) to wind-power development in southwestern Oklahoma. Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma and Kansas Chapters of The Wildlife Society and the Kansas Chapter of the Society for Range Management, Woodward, OK.	October 2004
Walter, W. D., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. A. Jenks. 19 September 2004. Response of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) to wind-power development in southwestern Oklahoma. 11th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.	September 2004
Walter, W. D., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. A. Jenks. 15 June 2004. Contrasting grouping patterns of a colonizing population of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) in a heterogeneous landscape. 84TH Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Arcata, CA.	June 2004
Walter, W. D., D. M. Leslie, Jr., D. M. Engle, and J. A. Jenks. 22 September 2005. Influences of agriculture on nutrition of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus): inferences from carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Madison, WI.	September 2005
Walter, W. D., D. M. Leslie, Jr., D. M. Engle, and J. A. Jenks. 16 June 2005. Contribution of cropped forages to diets of Rocky Mountain elk, Cervus elaphus: inferences from carbon and nitrogen isotopes. 84TH Annual Meeting of American Society of Mammalogists, Springfield, MO.	June 2005
Walter, W. D., D. M. Leslie, Jr. 5 November 2004. Influence of agriculture on nutrition of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus): inferences from carbon and nitrogen isotopes. 92RD Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Edmund, OK.	November 2004
Walter, D. W., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2 November 2001. Monitoring population dynamics of an expanding elk (Cervus elaphus) herd surrounding the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. 90th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Lawton, OK.	November 2001
Walsh,M.G., D.B. Fenner and D.L. Winkelman. 2 November 2001. Movement and survival of stocked rainbow trout in a northeastern Oklahoma stream. 90th annual meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Lawton, OK.	November 2001
Walsh, M.G., D.L. Winkelman and D.B. Fenner. 16 October 2001. Short-term retention of Floy anchor tags by stream-dwelling smallmouth bass. 55th annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Louisville, KY.	October 2001
Walsh, M.G. and D.L. Winkelman. 24 August 2000. Comparison of an electric seine and prepositioned areal electrofishers for sampling streams. 130th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, St. Louis, MO.	August 2000
Walsh, M.G. and D.L. Winkelman. 18 February 2003. Fish Assemblage Structure in an Oklahoma Ozark Stream Before and After Rainbow Trout Introduction. Annual meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Norman, OK.	February 2003
Walsh, M. G., and D. L. Winkelman. June 16, 2003. Fish assemblage structure in an Oklahoma Ozark stream before and after rainbow trout introduction. Propagated fish in resource management. American Fisheries Society Symposium. Boise, ID	June 2003
Walsh, M. G., D. L. Winkelman, and R. J. Bahr. 20 August 2002. Short-term mortality and electrofishing injury in hatchery-reared rainbow trout stocked into an Ozark stream. 132nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Baltimore, MD.	August 2002
Walsh, M. G., D. L. Winkelman and R. Bahr. 7 February 2002. Short-term sampling mortality and electrofishing injury in hatchery-reared rainbow trout stocked into a Northeastern Oklahoma stream. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2002
Walsh, M. G., D. B. Fenner, and D. L. Winkelman. 8 February 2001. Distribution of native smallmouth bass and stocked rainbow trout in an Ozark stream. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2001
Walsh, M. G., D. B. Fenner, and D. L. Winkelman. 6 February 2000. Comparison of an electric seine and prepositioned area electrofishers for sampling stream fish communities. Mid-year Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Savannah, GA.	February 2000
Walsh, M. G., D. B. Fenner, and D. L. Winkelman. 23 February 2002. Rainbow trout stocking in an Ozark stream: Trout survival and responses of native smallmouth bass. Annual midyear meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Little Rock, AR.	February 2002
Walsh, M. G., D. B. Fenner, and D. L. Winkelman. 21 April 2000. Sampling stream fish communities using two electrofishing gears. 47th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Denton, TX.	April 2000
Walsh, M. G., D. B. Fenner, and D. L. Winkelman. 20 August 2002. Effects of rainbow trout introduction on the fish assemblage in an Ozark stream. 132nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Baltimore, MD.	August 2002
Walsh, M. G., D. B. Fenner, and D. L. Winkelman. 2 March 2000. Comparison of an electric seine and prepositioned area electrofishers for sampling stream fish communities. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Oklahoma City, OK.	March 2000
Walsh, M. G., D. B. Fenner, and D. L. Winkelman. 10 November 2000. Fish community structure in a northeastern Oklahoma stream. 89th Annual Technical Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Tulsa, OK.	November 2000
Walsh, M. G., D. B. Fenner, and D. L. Winkelman. February 5, 2002. Movement and survival of stocked rainbow trout in a northeastern Oklahoma stream. Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society annual meeting. Stillwater, OK.	February 2002
Walsh, M. G., D. B. Fenner, and D. A. Winkelman. 13 November 1999. Evaluation of rainbow trout stocking in northeastern Oklahoma streams: a conceptual framework. 88th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	October 1999
Walsh, M. G., D. B. Fenner and D. L. Winkelman. 7 February 2002. Rainbow Trout Survival and Effects on Smallmouth Bass Populations in an Ozark Stream. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. Stillwater, OK	February 2002
Valentine, G. and S. K. Brewer. 2018. Groundwater Influence on Water Temperature in an Ozark Stream. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of American, New Orleans.	August 2018	This project examines the relationship between groundwater and surface waters. The thermal conditions created by these interactions are important refugia for aquatic biota.
Vaisvil, A. V., S. K. Brewer, and D. Shoup. 2020. Striped bass exploitation, movement, and population dynamics in the lower Arkansas River basin. Annual Meeting of the Natural Resources Conference, Norman.	February 2020	Improving our understanding of interactions between exploitation, movement, and tailwater habitats is critical to understanding population dynamics and successfully managing and conserving Striped Bass. Our objective is to evaluate the current exploitation rate, movement, and population dynamics of Striped Bass that use tailwater habitats in the lower Arkansas River Basin.
Turnley, M.T., W.S. Fairbanks, M.J. Cherry, M.M. Dart, R.W. DeYoung, D.P. Hahn, L.J. Heffelfinger, R.C. Lonsinger, E.P. Tanner, H.G. Wang, and M.C. Chitwood. 2023. Fate from feces? Investigating pre-parturition diet indices as predictors of offspring survival in pronghorn. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY	November 2023	Females with relatively high-quality diets (i.e., high nutrient concentration) tend to have earlier parturition events, produce heavier offspring, and reject less nursing attempts by offspring. Our objective is to determine which diet indices (if any) derived from female fecal samples can be used to predict offspring survival in pronghorn (<i>Antilocapra americana</i>).
Turnley, M.T., T.A. Hughes, R.T. Larsen, K.R. Hersey, M.S. Broadway, M.C. Chitwood, W.S. Fairbanks, R.C. Lonsinger, and B.R. McMillan. 2024. A fine-scale examination of parturition timing in temperate ungulates. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	We monitored parturition events and early-life survival of elk (<i>Cervus canadensis</i>) and mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) in Utah, USA to better understand diel timing of parturition in temperate ungulates. Our results provide an improved and finer scale understanding of reproductive ecology and phenology in ungulates
Turnley, M.T., T.A. Hughes, R.T. Larsen, K.R. Hersey, M.S. Broadway, M.C. Chitwood, W.S. Fairbanks, R.C. Lonsinger, and B.R. McMillan. 2023. A fine-scale examination of parturition timing in two temperate ungulates. The Central Plains Society of Mammalogists Annual Meeting, Omaha, NE.	October 2023	We monitored parturition events and early-life survival of elk (<i>Cervus canadensis</i>) and mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) in Utah, USA from 2018-2021 to better understand diel timing of parturition in temperate ungulates. We offer a rare, fine-scale examination of parturition timing and provide evidence that ungulates can adjust diel timing of parturition in response to their environment.
Turnley, M.T., M.C. Chitwood, M.J. Cherry, M.M. Dart, R.W. DeYoung, D.P. Hahn, L.J. Heffelfinger, R.C. Lonsinger, C.M.J. Rickels, E.P. Tanner, H.G. Wang, and W.S. Fairbanks. 2024. Harmless tags or hazardous ads? Investigating the potential for ear tags to increase predation on neonatal ungulates. Annual Meeting of the Central Plains Society of Mammalogists, Hays, KS.	October 2024	We monitored early-life survival of neonatal pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in Oklahoma, USA to determine if ear tags increased the likelihood of predation-related mortality.
Tringali, M.D., S.M. Sammons, J.M. Long, N. Van Bibber, K. Panzner, and A.T. Taylor. 2017. A range-wide threat assessment for Shoal Bass from introgressive hybridization. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Tampa, Florida.	August 2017	Due to severe habitat loss and fragmentation, the range of the Shoal Bass Micropterus cataractae has been reduced to a still-shrinking number of tributaries and creeks within the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin. M members of the Shoal Bass are crossbreeding with those of native and non-native species in all three major drainages of the ACF.
Townsend, D. E., II, R. L. Lochmiller, S. J. DeMaso, D. M. Leslie, Jr., A. D. Peoples, S. A. Cox, and E. S. Parry. 9 September 1999. Use of supplemental food and its influence on survival of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). 6TH Annual Meeting of The Wildlife Society, Austin, TX.	September 1999
Torolski, H.M., J.M. Long, R.C. Lonsinger, and L.A. Bruckerhoff. 2024. A comparison of freshwater mussel density and richness across different mesohabitats. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watershed-Oklahoma Chapter American Fisheries Society joint annual meeting, Stillwater, Oklahoma.	April 2024	Understanding how freshwater mussels utilize different mesohabitats is crucial for conservation efforts, yet studies in northeastern Oklahoma addressing mussel habitat associations are lacking. Freshwater mussel density and richness were highest in upper recirculation zones, riffles, and pools while lower recirculation zones and outer bends harbored statistically fewer mussels.
Torolski, H.M., J.M. Long, R. Lonsinger, and L. Bruckerhoff. 2024. Patterns in mussel density and diversity among mesohabitat types in a Great Plains river. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii.	September 2024	Understanding how freshwater mussels utilize different mesohabitats is crucial for conservation efforts, yet studies addressing mussel habitat associations in the Great Plains are lacking. Freshwater mussel density and richness were highest in upper recirculation zones, riffles, and pools while lower recirculation zones and outer bends harbored statistically fewer mussels.
Torolski, H., J.M. Long, R.C. Lonsinger, and L.A. Bruckerhoff. 2024. A Comparison of Freshwater Mussel Species Detection and Abundance Across Different Survey Methods. Southern Division American Fisheries Society annual meeting, Chattanooga, Tennessee.	February 2024	Accurate assessments of mussel populations are essential for conservation efforts, yet different survey methods can yield significantly different results, and some are conducted in tandem. Sampling with quadrats can provide robust density estimates, but requires more time, than snorkeling surveys.
Torolski, H., J.M. Long, R.C. Lonsinger, and L.A. Bruckerhoff. 2023. Freshwater mussel abundance and composition in the Verdigris River. Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society annual meeting. Grand Lake, Oklahoma.	August 2023	Where previous surveys have occurred in the state, qualitative methods were most often used, which impedes inferences on mussel density and relative abundance. The quantitative results surpassed present and prior qualitative surveys in both species richness and abundance at nearly every site.
Torolski, H., J.M. Long, R.C. Lonsinger, and L.A. Bruckerhoff. 2023. A Comparison of Freshwater Mussel Species Detection and Abundance Across Different Survey Methods. Canadian Freshwater Mollusc Research Meeting, Burlington, Canada.	November 2023	Accurate assessments of mussel populations are essential for conservation efforts, yet different survey methods can yield significantly different results, and some are conducted in tandem. Sampling with quadrats can provide robust density estimates, but requires more time, than snorkeling surveys.
Tian J. Zhang1,4, Thomas A. Worthington2, Shannon K. Brewer3, Daniel E. Storm4, Aaron R. Mittelstet4, Daniel Logue2, 2015.INFLUENCE OF ALTERED FLOW METRICS ON THE DECLINING DISTRIBUTION OF ARKANSAS RIVER SHINER. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds, Stillwater	April 2015	In the last 40 years the Arkansas River Shiner, Notropis girardi, has declined to less than 20% of its historic range and was listed as a federally threatened species in 1998; however, the relationship between the species’ truncated distribution and flow alteration is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine how different flow metrics related to the species’ ecological requirements influence the distributional shifts of the Arkansas River Shiner.
Tian J. Zhang, D. Storm, A.R. Mittelstet, S.K. Brewer, T.A. Worthington, and D.R. Logue. 2015. Pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids reproductive guild: metrics affecting their declining distribution in the Arkansas River basin. Student Water Conference, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	March 2015	Effective management and conservation plans for threatened or endangered species require a thorough understanding of the factors that shape their distribution. Unfortunately, specific metrics of water availability are unknown, making management options difficult to define.The objective of this study was to investigate how specific flow metrics related to ecological hypotheses influence the truncated distributions of the Arkansas River shiner.
Teschner, C., S. Fairbanks, S. Bales Lyda, C. Endicott, C. Allen, C. Farquhar, N. Kester, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2013. Morphometric comparison in two populations of Oklahoma black bears with and without access to deer feeders. Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Association of Fis and Wildilfe Agencies, Oklahoma City, OK.	October 2013	Regional comparison of black bear morphometrics relative to suuplemental feeding from deer feeders.
Taylor, AT, MD Tringali, and JM Long. 2017. Shoal Bass Hybridization in the Chattahoochee River below Morgan Falls Dam, Georgia. 71st annual meeting of the Southeastern Fish and Wildlife Agencies held in Louisville, Ky.	October 2017	We provide an updated genetic characterization of introgressive hybridization between native Shoal Bass and non-native congeners in the Chattahoochee River below Morgan Falls Dam. Nearly half of the genotypes examined were pure Shoal Bass, but F1 and backcrossed hybrids with three non-native species were also common.
Taylor, A.T., and J.M. Long. 2018. Genetic Integrity and Population Status of Shoal Bass in the Upper Chattahoochee River Basin, Georgia. The Biennial CESU Network National Meeting, Shepherdstown, WV.	June 2018	We addressed the conservation status of Shoal Bass (Microtperus cataractae) in the northernmost extent of their native range. Perhaps our most important finding was that the population inhabiting Big Creek may be at risk of extirpation in the immediate future.
Taylor, A.T., and J.M. Long. 2016. Using species distribution models to infer potential and restricted ranges of a fluvial-specialist black bass species. Annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Kansas City, MO.	August 2016	We used species distribution models to identify anthropogenic factors that have contributed to range loss of Shoal Bass (Micropterus cataractae). Our results suggest that riverscape fragmentation by dams and large impoundments has played an important role in range loss.
Taylor, A.T., and J.M. Long. 2015. Factors Influencing the Decline of Fluvial Fishes: Insights from Historic and Current Species Distribution Models. Student Water Conference, Stillwater, OK.	March 2015	We employed historic and current species distribution models to identify the most important factors contributing to the decline of Shoal Bass (Micropterus cataractae). Similar approaches may be useful for conservation planning for other imperiled fluvial fishes.
Taylor, A.T., P. O'Rouke, and J.M. Long. 2014. Black bass (genus Micropterus) community composition upstream of impoundment in two southeastern rivers. Annual Meeting of the Georgia State Chapter of the American Fisheries Society held in Athens, GA.	February 2014	Examines whether impoundments act as a source of invasion for non-native black bass species into upstream, fluvial habitats. Uses ecological distance metrics to quantify and describe changes in black bass community composition upstream of impoundment.
Taylor, A.T., P. O'Rouke, and J.M. Long. 2014. Black bass (genus Micropterus) community composition in the river-reservoir interface of two southeastern rivers. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Charleston, SC.	January 2014	The effects of reservoirs and reservoir-dwelling fishes on native fluvial species that reside in upstream tributaries of reservoirs may have management and conservation implications. Thus, we sought to identify trends in how the community of native and non-native black basses (Micropterus spp.) changed with increasing distance from a downstream reservoir.
Taylor, A.T., P. O'Rouke, M.D. Tringali, and J.M. Long. 2014. Development of assessment protocols for Shoal Bass (Micropterus cataractae) populations in headwater rivers of the upper Chattahoochee River Basin. Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Destin, FL.	October 2014	Shoal Bass populations in the UCRB are threatened by the invasion of non-native congeners (e.g., Alabama Bass M. henshalli), which could lead to introgression of non-native alleles into the Shoal Bass gene pool via hybridization. Assessment protocols will be useful in continued monitoring of population status and informing any future management or conservation strategies.
Taylor, A.T., M.R. Bangs, B.J. Freeman, and J.M. Long. 2019. A Cryptic Invader: SNPs Inform Asian Swamp Eel Management. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Galveston Island, TX.	January 2019	The Asian Swamp Eel is a cryptic invasive species established in backwaters along the Chattahoochee River near Roswell, Georgia. We used next-generation sequencing methods to illuminate the reproductive ecology and approximate the minimum bounds for adult abundance.
Taylor, A.T., M.D. Tringali, and J.M. Long. 2017. A Collaborative, Range-wide Genetic Structure Survey to Inform Management and Conservation of the Shoal Bass. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Tampa, Florida.	August 2017	We characterize the hierarchical genetic structure within the Shoal Bass (Micropterus cataractae), a sportfish species of conservation concern. Results can be used to inform future management activities, like supplemental stocking efforts.
Taylor, A.T., M.D. Tringali, S.M. Sammons, D.L. Peterson, T. Ingram, P. O'Rouke, and J.M. Long. 2015. Genetic Substructure within the Native Range of the Shoal Bass. Annual meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society held in Savannah, GA.	January 2015	We documented appreciable genetic substructure within the native range of the Shoal Bass. This discovery has direct conservation and management implications for the species.
Taylor, A.T., M. Papes, and J.M. Long. 2017. Informing Conservation of Fluvial Black Bass Species with Range-wide Species Distribution Models. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Tampa, Florida.	August 2017	We employed a species distribution modeling approach to identify factors driving range loss of the Shoal Bass, a species of conservation concern. Similar methods would be useful for informing conservation of other black bass species.
Taylor, A.T., K.J. White, D. Kim, T.J. Near, J.C. Gunn, and J.M. Long. 2022. Molecular status assessment of the Smallmouth Bass complex in the Central Interior Highlands. Southeastern Fishes Council annual meeting, Athens, Georgia.	November 2022	Recent phylogenomic analyses support a four-species complex within what was once considered <i>M. dolomieu</i>: the Neosho Bass (<i>M. velox</i>), the Little River Bass (<i>M. sp. cf. dolomieu</i>), the Ouachita Bass (<i>M. sp. cf. dolomieu</i>), and the Smallmouth Bass (<i>M. dolomieu</i>). Results can be used to guide management and conservation of these unique, endemic lineages of the Smallmouth Bass species complex, including establishment of population-genetic management units and adopting
Taylor, A.T., J.M. Long, S.K. Brewer, J.C. Gunn, V.P. Buonaccorsi, and J. Stannard. 2020. Exploring the genetic diversity of smallmouth bass within the Interior Highlands. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Norman, Oklahoma.	February 2020	We conducted next-generation sequencing and used SNPs to: 1) reconstruct a phylogeny of Smallmouth Bass across its native range; and 2) build a conservation-oriented SNP panel. Our results confirmed three reciprocally monophyletic lineages of Smallmouth Bass, each with varying degrees of geographic subdivision.
Taylor, A.T., J.M. Long, S.K. Brewer, J.C. Gunn, V.P. Buonaccorsi, and J. Stannard. 2020. Conservation Genetics Of The Smallmouth Bass Lineages In The Interior Highlands . Southern Division American Fisheries Society annual meeting, Little Rock, Arkansas.	February 2020	From our recent collective work using microsatellite DNA, we have been able to differentiate these major lineages of Smallmouth Bass within the Interior Highlands. Through these various analyses, we hope to continue to advance our conservation of Smallmouth Bass in the Interior Highlands and further our understanding of their ecology in this region and beyond.
Taylor, A.T., J.M. Long, B. Chapagain, and O. Joshi. 2019. Angler catch and attitudes toward black bass in Ozark streams. Oklahoma Academy of Science, Edmond.	November 2019	Traditionally, resource biologists have focused on black bass fisheries management within impounded waters. However, streams offer a variety of black bass angling opportunities – including opportunities to catch endemic, fluvial species. Our results illustrated that different socioeconomic populations of anglers are drawn to different streams, yet trends in catch and harvest appeared consistent across the study area.
Taylor, A.T. and J.M. Long. 2021. Population genetic investigations of Neosho Smallmouth Bass Line. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Virtual Meeting.	April 2021	From our recent collective work using microsatellite DNA, we have been able to differentiate these major lineages of Smallmouth Bass within the Interior Highlands. Through these various analyses, we hope to continue to advance our conservation of Smallmouth Bass in the Interior Highlands and further our understanding of their ecology in this region and beyond.
Taylor, A. T., and J. M. Long. 2016. The Decline of a Fluvial Fish: Species Distribution Models in a Fragmented Riverscape. Annual meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Wheeling, WV.	February 2016	We take a novel approach to incorporating riverscape fragmentation into species distribution models in order to better understand the factors contributing to declines fluvial fishes like the Shoal Bass (Micropterus cataractae). Our models suggest that up to 36% of the species' potential range has been lost at present, and fragmentation intensity and presence of non-native congeners appear to be driving factors.
Taylor, A. T., J. M. Long, M. R. Schwemm, and S. K. Brewer. 2018. A genetic status assessment of the Neosho Smallmouth Bass: hybridization, diversity, and population structure. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa, OK.	February 2018	We characterize the genetic integrity of Neosho Smallmouth Bass by quantifying hybridization with native and non-native congeneric species, diversity measures of pure Neosho Smallmouth Bass, and population structure of Neosho Smallmouth Bass.
Tanner, Evan, J. Polo, S. Wolf, S. Fuhlendorf, and S. K. Brewer. 2019. Quantifying spatio-temporal variability in thermal landscapes through a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing system: implications for thermal ecology research. Joint Annual Meeting of the AZ-NM Chapters of The Wildlife Society, Albuquerque.	February 2019	Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) systems offer a unique opportunity to quantify thermal landscapes at fine spatio-temporal scales across a continuous fiber-optic cable, thus providing temperature measurements along a continuum rather than at discrete points in space or time. We provide examples of both terrestrial and aquatic applications of this system to elucidate its use across multiple ecological disciplines.
TA Worthington, SK Brewer, and JG Kennan. 2016.The relationships between flow alteration and fish-trait combinations in a large great plains river. Annual Meeting of the Society for Freshwater Science. May 2016, Sacramento	May 2016	Changes to rivers are multifaceted with flow modifications a driver of changing channel and habitat conditions. The flow regime of the Canadian River, located in the US Great Plains, has been altered by the construction of major reservoirs. This fragmentation has resulted in modification of the river continuum and the fish assemblage. We evaluated the effects of flow alteration on fish traits.
Sévêque, A., R.C. Lonsinger, L.P. Waits, K.E. Brzeski, C.Ott-Conn, S.L. Mayhew, C.D. Norton, T.R. Petroelje, A.K. Tallon, and D.J. Morin. 2023. Spatially-explicit application of close-kin mark–recapture models to estimate American black bear population size in Michigan. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY	November 2023	We developed a spatially-explicit formulation of Close-kin mark–recapture (CKMR) models that corrected for incomplete mixing by modifying kinship probabilities to incorporate sex-specific probability density functions of natal dispersal distances. We applied the model to panmictic and dispersal-limited population simulations and concluded with an example using Michigan’s 2021 harvest data of American black bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>).
Sévêque, A., R.C. Lonsinger, L.P. Waits, K.E. Brzeski, C.Ott-Conn, S.L. Mayhew, C.D. Norton, T.R. Petroelje, A.K. Tallon, and D.J. Morin. 2023. Application of close-kin mark–recapture models to estimate American black bear population size. International Statistical Ecology Conference, Swansea, Wales, UK.	July 2024	We introduce close-kin mark-recapture (CKMR) models applied to an American black bear population in Michigan, using lethal samples from harvest to estimate population size. Our findings demonstrate that CKMR has a great potential to be used as a population monitoring tool, but its effective implementation requires rigorous tailoring to the characteristics of the target population and consideration of potential sampling bias.
Sévêque, A., R.C. Lonsinger, L.P. Waits, K.E. Brzeski, C. Ott-Conn, S.L. Mayhew, C.D. Norton, T.R. Petroelje, and D.J. Morin. 2023. Evaluating the use of close-kin mark–recapture with lethal samples to estimate the black bear population size in Michigan. 25th Eastern Black Bear Workshop, Trego, WI.	April 2023	Close-kin mark–recapture (CKMR) is an abundance estimation method analogous to mark-recapture which does not require recapture of individuals, but the utility of this approach for harvested wildlife has not been evaluated. We used forward-in-time, individual-based simulations to evaluate the accuracy and precision of CKMR when estimating black bear abundance.
Sévêque, A., R. C. Lonsinger, L. P. Waits, K. E. Brzeski, C. Ott-Conn, S. L. Mayhew, C. D. Norton, T. R. Petroelje, and D. J. Morin. 2022. Effects of mating system and sex-biased sampling on close-kin mark-recapture estimates. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Spokane, WA.	November 2022	Close-kin mark–recapture (CKMR) is an abundance estimation method analogous to traditional mark–recapture that does not require recapture of individuals, but instead uses genetic marks to identify proportions of related individuals detected in a single sampling occasion (often through harvest). We used forward-in-time, individual-based simulations to evaluate the accuracy and precision of CKMR abundance estimates under different reproductive strategies (promiscuity, serial monogamy and polygamy
Swedberg, D., R. Mollenhauer, and S.K. Brewer. 2019. Estimating detection probability using multiple gears to sample Least Darter. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa.	February 2019	Least Darter (Etheostoma microperca) is a stream fish species of conservation concern that has been historically sampled from only a few locations, despite having an assumed broad distribution in two ecoregions of Oklahoma. Our study objective was to estimate detection probability for Least Darter, in the Blue River basin.
Swedberg, D., R. Mollenhauer, and S. K. Brewer. 2020. Estimating occupancy of Least Darter and sympatric spring-associated species. Annual Meeting of the Natural Resources Conference, Norman.	February 2020	Least Darter Etheostoma microperca is a stream fish species of conservation concern that was historically sampled in Oklahoma from only a few locations with high groundwater flow. However, the realized Least Darter distribution and underlying habitat associations are unknown. Our study objective was to estimate occupancy for Least Darter while comparing ecologies of other spring-associated species such as Southern Redbelly Dace, Redspot Chub, and Smallmouth Bass in the Ozark Highlands and Cro
Swedberg, D., R. Mollenhauer, and S. K. Brewer. 2018. Patterns of Least Darter detection across the stream landscape. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa, OK.	February 2018	Variation in detection confounds underlying ecological relationships. The issues associated with detection can be exacerbated for rare species with limited distributions (i.e., missing important ecological relationships).
Swedberg, D., R. Mollenhauer, and S. Brewer. 2019. Estimating detection probability using multiple gears for Least Darter and sympatric spring-associated species. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Galveston.	January 2019	Imperfect detection probability during sampling can prevent our understanding of true species distributions and confound important ecological relationships. The issues associated with imperfect detection can be exacerbated for rare species if detection probability is extremely low. Least Darter (Etheostoma microperca) is a stream fish species of conservation concern that has been historically sampled in Oklahoma from only a few locations with high springflow. Our study objective was to estimate
Stewart, R.D. and J.M. Long. 2012. Contribution of 178-mm channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in two medium size Oklahoma reservoirs. Spring meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Biloxi, MS.	January 2012
Stewart, R.D. and J.M. Long. 2012. Contribution of 178-mm channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in two medium size Oklahoma reservoirs. Annual meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2012
Stewart, DR, JM Long, and DE Shoup. 2014. Spatial structuring within a reservoir fish population by an unintended protected area: implications for management. Colorado-Wyoming Chapter of the American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Laramie, WY.	March 2014	We investigated whether the population of white crappie at Lake McMurtry, Oklahoma exhibited evidence of population structure where the northern-half of the lake was closed to fishing to provide waterfowl hunting opportunities (an unintended APA). As a result, population models used to guide management decisions would need to consider the spatial complexity to produce more robust predictions.
Stewart, D.R., J.M. Long, and D.E. Shoup. 2016. Effect of length-based harvest regulations for trophy and recreational Ictalurus fisheries. Joint Annual Meeting of the Arizona/New Mexico Chapters of the Wildlife Society and the Arizona/New Mexico Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. Flagstaff, AZ.	February 2016	Management of blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus and channel catfish I. punctatus for trophy production has recently become more common, . Often with length-specific bag limits that allow moderate harvest of small fish but restrict harvest of large fish. We conclude that size-specific limits are useful for producing high yield and sustainability without overly restricting harvest, but they are no more effective than minimum length regulations for producing trophy biomass in most systems.
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2016. Growth and contribution of stocked channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818): the importance of measuring post-stocking performance. Joint Annual Meeting of the Arizona/New Mexico Chapters of the Wildlife Society and the Arizona/New Mexico Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. Flagstaff, AZ.	February 2016	In this study it was sought to quantify post-stocking growth, survival, and contribution of advanced size (178 mm total length [TL]) channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings, something rarely done. These results suggest that stock enhancement programs would benefit from studies that quantify post-stocking performance of hatchery fish.
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2013. The use of Side-Scan sonar as a tool to map habitat in Oklahoma reservoirs. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association Annual Conference, Stillwater, OK.	April 2013	Habitat features such as rocky substrate, course woody debris, and aquatic vegetation are important sources of fish habitat. We used a Hummingbird® Side imaging system, bow-mounted to a 4.3 m aluminum boat, to collect high-resolution imagery used to create maps of underwater habitat in three Oklahoma reservoirs.
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2013. Influence of stocking and competing species on the trophic ecology of channel catfish in Oklahoma reservoirs. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Nashville.	February 2013	Stocked channel catfish appeared to acclimate to a wild diet relatively rapidly. Bluegill would be the species most likely to impact stocked channel catfish due to competition for diet items.
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2013. Density dependence affects growth of stocked channel catfish as revealed by stable isotope analysis. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Little Rock, AR.	September 2013	Food web structure of two medium size Oklahoma reservoirs was assessed to examine trophic ecology of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in relation to stocking. Based on our results, stocked channel catfish appeared to acclimate to a wild diet relatively rapidly when instraspecific competition was low, leading to increased growth rates.
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2012. Influence of stocking and competing species on the trophic ecology of channel catfish in Oklahoma reservoirs. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter American Fisheries Society, Stillwater, OK.	October 2012	Stocked channel catfish appeared to acclimate to a wild diet relatively rapidly. Bluegill would be the species most likely to impact stocked channel catfish due to competition for diet items.
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2010. Verification of otolith origin used for aging channel catfish by fisheries managers. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, 12-17 September 2010.	September 2010
Stewart, D.R. and J.M. Long. 2010. Verification of otolith origin used for aging channel catfish by fisheries managers. American Fisheries Society 2nd International Catfish Symposium, St. Louis, MO June 20-22, 2010	June 2010
Stewart, D.R. and J. M. Long. 2010. Speaker, presentation titled: “Population dynamics of channel catfish from six Oklahoma reservoirs”. In: Program and abstracts of the Oklahoma Chapter Meeting of the American Fisheries Society Waggoner, Ok. Oral presentation.	February 2011
Stewart, D.R. and J. M. Long. 2010. Speaker, presentation titled: “A survey of catfish anglers from six Oklahoma reservoirs”. In: Program and abstracts of the Oklahoma Chapter Meeting of the American Fisheries Society Waggoner, Ok. Oral presentation.	February 2011
Starks, TA and JM Long. 2015. Early life history of three pelagic-spawning minnows (Macrhybopsis spp.) in the Lower Missouri River. Oklahoma Natural Resources Convention,Tulsa, Oklahoma.	February 2015	Despite declining populations and their importance to endangered pallid sturgeon, little is know about early life history of sicklefin, sturgeon, and shoal chubs. We examined several characteristics of early life history of these species to better inform future management decisions regarding these species.
Starks, TA and JM Long. 2015. Community responses of larval and juvenile fishes to created shallow-water habitats in the Missouri River. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Savannah, Georgia.	February 2015	Creation of shallow-water habitats has been used as a restoration technique in response to altered conditions in several studies but has only recently been attempted in the United States. We found a strong longitudinal gradient as a driver of larval/juvenile community structure, but little differences in community turnover between habitat types.
Starks, TA and JM Long. 2014. Community responses of larval and juvenile fishes to created shallow-water habitats in the Missouri River. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.	August 2014	Creation of shallow-water habitats has been used as a restoration technique in response to altered conditions in several studies but has only recently been attempted in the United States. We found a strong longitudinal gradient as a driver of larval/juvenile community structure, but little differences in community turnover between habitat types.
Starks, T.A., and J.M. Long. 2014. Community responses of larval fishes to created shallow-water habitats in the Missouri River. 3rd annual student water conference Stillwater, OK.	April 2014	This study will be one of the first of its kind in assessing impact of created aquatic habitats on a large river to larval and juvenile fish communities in the United States. The results will assist managers in assessing the usefulness of created shallow-water habitat to fish communities on large rivers.
Stark, R. C., S. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 20 April 2001. Daily movements of Texas horned lizards in north-central Oklahoma. 48th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Hays, KS.	April 2001
Sporrong, J. M., C. A. Davis, S. Fuhlendorf, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1 November 2002. Response of nongame birds and terrestrial invertebrates to restoration and management of upland grasslands in the Rainwater Basin region, Nebraska. 91st Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 2002
Speiser, J., R.C. Lonsinger, C. Cheek, A. Cheeseman. 2024. Evaluating habit use of North American river otters in South Dakota. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	We evaluated the utility of cameras as passive means to survey North American river otter populations; river otters have proven difficult to detect with passive infrared motion sensors, so we evaluated a combination of timelapse and motion-activated triggers. We demonstrated the utility of timelapse triggers for detecting river otters, observing that they exhibited generalist behavior within South Dakota and ¬challenging assumptions about river otter habitat use.
Speiser, J., A. Cheeseman, C. Cheek, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Trail cameras as a non-invasive method to assess North American river otter habitat use and distribution. Midwest Fish & Wildlife Conference, Overland Park, KS.	February 2023	As many aquatic habitats in the Prairie Pothole Region are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities, an improved understanding of river otter (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>) habitat associations and the effects of land management on river otter habitat use would be valuable to managers. We used cameras set to take photos in short intervals in conjunction with motion activation to improve detection rates and evaluated the effectiveness of these image collection techniques (i.e., time-lapse vs. mo
Snavely, B.M., M.C. Chitwood, W.S. Fairbanks, M.J. Lovallo, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Assessment of factors affecting female black bear (Ursus americanus) harvest rates in northcentral Pennsylvania. 25th Eastern Black Bear Workshop, Trego, WI.	April 2023	We trapped and GPS-collared adult female bears in the Sproul State Forest of northcentral Pennsylvania from 2019–2021 to determine home range sizes, patterns of resource selection, and sources of mortality. Patterns of weekly resource selection indicated bears shifted their space use to areas with lower elevations and slopes during hunting seasons, and survival was positively influenced by high hunter activity, which varied by hunting season, and was negatively influenced by bear age.
Snavely, B.M., M.C. Chitwood, M.J. Lovallo, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2022. Variability of home ranges of adult female American black bears (Ursus americanus) in northcentral Pennsylvania. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Spokane, WA	November 2022	Pennsylvania increased in length and structure of black bear harvest from 2019–2021 compared to prior years, but little information exists on factors that influence bear harvest vulnerability during earlier or expanded harvest seasons.We GPS-collared adult female bears in the Sproul State Forest of Pennsylvania (2019–2021) and observed weekly variation in mean black bear home range size, with harvested bears tending to have larger home ranges than bears that were not harvested.
Snavely, B. M. M. C. Chitwood, M. J. Lovallo, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2022. Variability of home ranges of adult female American black bears (Ursus americanus) in northcentral Pennsylvania. The Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Tucson, AZ.	June 2022	From 2019–2021, the hunting seasons of American black bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) in Pennsylvania increased in length and changed in structure compared to prior years, which may influence bear harvest vulnerability. We GPS-collared adult female bears in the Sproul State Forest of northcentral Pennsylvania from 2019–2021 to determine home range sizes and patterns of fall movement.
Smith, S. J., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 8 October 2004. Gypsum caves, short-grass prairies, and the rare western big-eared bat. Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma and Kansas Chapters of The Wildlife Society and the Kansas Chapter of the Society for Range Management, Woodward, OK.	October 2004
Smith, S. J., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 7 November 2003. The status of cave dwelling bats, particularly western big-eared bats (Corynorhinus towsendii pallescens), in western Oklahoma. 92nd Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 2003
Smith, S. J., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 5 November 2004. Foraging habitat of the rare western big-eared bat (Corynorrhinus townsendii pallescens) in mixed-grass prairie. 92RD Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Edmund, OK.	November 2004
Smith, S. J., R. A. Van Den Bussche, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. J. Hamilton. 19 June 2005. Contrasting gender-based markers for genetic differentiation among populations of a rare bat, Corynorhinus townsendii pallesecens. 84TH Annual Meeting of American Society of Mammalogists, Springfield, MO.	June 2005
Smith, S. J., R. A. Van Den Bussche, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. J. Hamilton. 19 February 2005. Structure and relatedness of a rare bat, Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens, in western Oklahoma. 23rd Annual Meeting of the Texas Society of Mammalogists, Junction, TX.	February 2005
Smith, S. J., D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. A. Van Den Bussche, and M. J. Hamilton. 10 September 2005. Exploring population variability, structure, and current and historical demographics of a rare bat (Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens) in Oklahoma using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society and the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Stillwater, OK.	September 2005
Smith, S. F., V. A. Van Den Bussche, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. J. Hamilton. 15 April 2005. Genetic structure among cave-dwelling populations of a rare bat, Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens, in western Oklahoma. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Huntsville, TX.	April 2005
Smith, L., K. White, S.M. Laverty, M. Parks, J.M. Long, and A.T. Taylor. 2022. Investigating abiotic and biotic drivers of Neosho Bass annual growth variation in a hybrid zone. Annual meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Lake Murray State Park, Oklahoma.	August 2022	Hybridization and introgression have the potential to influence the annual growth of Neosho Bass. Results from this study could identify environmental conditions favorable for growth, as well as provide a glimpse into how hybrids grow relative to Neosho and Smallmouth basses.
Shiflet, J., D. Balsman, D.R. Stewart, D.E. Shoup, and J.M. Long. 2015. Influence of bait type on catch and bycatch in tandem hoop nets set in Kentucky small impoundments. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Savannah, Georgia.	February 2015	Minimizing bycatch while maintaining adequate catches of target species is important in fisheries management. We examined two baits types and found that bait type did not affect relative abundance of target channel catfish, but caught significantly less bycatch with lower mortality.
Shaw, P., Bob Mollenhauer, and S. K. Brewer. 2020. Changes in Smallmouth Bass behavior related to varying densities of a non-native piscivore Annual Meeting of the Southern Division American Fisheries Society, Little Rock.	February 2020	Non-native Rainbow Trout may compete for limited resources with ecologically-similar native species under particular environmental conditions. Correspondingly, our study objective was to determine the behavioral responses (i.e., aggressions and cover use) by Smallmouth Bass in response to introduced Rainbow Trout.
Shaw, P. and S. K. Brewer. 2020. Behavior responses by native warmwater fishes in response to introduced Rainbow Trout. Annual Meeting of the Natural Resources Conference, Norman.	February 2020	Non-native Rainbow Trout may compete for limited resources with ecologically-similar native species under particular environmental conditions. In the southern United States, Rainbow Trout are frequently stocked in warmwater streams where Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu is the native top predator. Correspondingly, our study objective was to determine the behavioral responses (i.e., aggressions and cover use) by Smallmouth Bass in response to introduced Rainbow Trout
Shannon Brewer, Jim Burroughs , Thomas Worthington, Brandon Brown, Robert Mollenhauer, Anthony Rodger, and Matt Skoog. 2017. First year survival, dispersal, and habitat use by Neosho Smallmouth Bass. Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Annual Meeting, Oklahoma City.	February 2017	Limited information is available on the first year survival and dispersal patterns of stream fishes, especially for genetically-distinct sportfish populations such as Neosho Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu velox. We measured survival and dispersal of young -of-year Neosho Smallmouth Bass in two Ozark streams during summer 2013 and we examined annual abundance changes from 2012-2016.
Sequy, L. and J.M. Long. 2019. Evaluating the Divergent Qualities of Non-Native Black Bass: Economic Advantages versus Ecological Repercussions. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Galveston Island, Texas.	January 2019	Ever since records have been kept, black bass have ranked as the most popular recreational freshwater fish in the US, and thus, have been extensively introduced outside of their native range. Implications of this survey suggest that challenges remain for managers attempting to balance the conflicting nature of non-native black bass as both a desired sport fish and as a potentially harmful invader.
Sellers, L., R.C. Lonsinger, M.C. Chitwood, M.T. Turnley, D.P. Hahn, M.M. Dart, L.J. Heffelfinger, E.P. Tanner, M.J. Cherry, R.W. DeYoung, G. Wang, and W.S. Fairbanks. 2024. Evidence of serological differences between male and female pronghorn in a population of conservation concern. Undergraduate Research Symposium, Stillwater, OK.	April 2024	We collected blood serum samples from 128 free-ranging pronghorns in the Oklahoma Panhandle to quantify the levels of blood serum chemistry values, and tested for significant serological differences between males and females. Among blood parameters, only creatinine significantly differed between males and females (P < 0.001) and our findings offer the first reference blood serum values for free-ranging pronghorn in Oklahoma.
Sellers, L., R.C. Lonsinger, M.C. Chitwood, M.T. Turnley, D.P. Hahn, M.M. Dart, L.J. Heffelfinger, E.P. Tanner, M.J. Cherry, R.W. DeYoung, G. Wang, and W.S. Fairbanks. 2024. Evidence of serological differences between male and female pronghorn in a population of conservation concern. Freshmen Research Scholars Symposium, Stillwater, OK.	April 2024	We collected blood serum samples from 128 free-ranging pronghorns in the Oklahoma Panhandle to quantify the levels of blood serum chemistry values, and tested for significant serological differences between males and females. Among blood parameters, only creatinine significantly differed between males and females (P < 0.001) and our findings offer the first reference blood serum values for free-ranging pronghorn in Oklahoma.
Schwemm MR, JM Long, AA Echelle, and JD Schooley. 2015. Fine-scale Genetic Structuring of American Paddlefish Populations in Oklahoma. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa.	February 2015	Management of migratory species requires long-range planning that considers geographic connectivity among populations, and its effects on genetic variation. In efforts to design a genetic management plan to maintain diversity for Oklahoma paddlefish stocks, we surveyed six geographic localities (Grand Lake, Hudson, Ft. Gibson, Oologah, Keystone and Red River) and assessed allele diversity at 13 microsatellite loci.
Schooley, J.D., A. Nealis, J.M. Long, and C.P. Paukert. 2020. World Record Paddlefish in Keystone Lake, Oklahoma – Hypothetical Causes, New Technologies, and Management Response. North American Sturgeon and Paddlefish Society.	October 2020	Within a period of two months, a series of five Paddlefish exceeding 62 kg represented three new Oklahoma state records and two world records in Keystone Lake. We examine and describe potential hypotheses for extreme growth potential of Paddlefish in Keystone Lake with comparisons to another naturally-reproducing stocks in Oklahoma.
Schaffler,J.J. and D.L. Winkelman. 2 November 2001. Larval striped bass growth and survival in Lake Texoma, Oklahoma-Texas: a study design. 90th annual meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Lawton, OK.	November 2001
Schaffler,J.J. and D.L. Winkelman. 1 November 2002. Larval Striped bass abundance in Lake Texoma, Oklahoma-Texas. 91st annual meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 2002
Schaffler, J.J. 5 March 2003. Larval striped bass distribution and abundance in the Red and Washita river arms of Lake Texoma. 14th Graduate Research Symposium, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.	March 2003
Schaffler J. and D.L. Winkelman. 7 February 2002 Survival, growth, and recruitment of larval striped bass in Lake Texoma: proposed research. Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society annual meeting. Stillwater, OK.	February 2002
Sager, C. and D.L. Winkelman. 23 February 2002. Effects of young anglers on hybrid bluegill. Annual mid-year meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. Little Rock, AR.	February 2002
Sager, C. R., and D. L. Winkelman. 8 February 2001. The effects of increased feeding frequency on growth of hybrid bluegill in ponds. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2001
Sager, C. R., and D. L. Winkelman. 6 February 2000. Assessing the effects of alternative feeding strategies on growth of hybrid bluegill. Mid-year Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Savannah, GA.	February 2000
Sager, C. R., and D. L. Winkelman. 3 March 2001. The effects of feeding frequency on growth of hybrid bluegill in ponds. Aquaculture Proram Field Day, Langston University, Langston, OK.	March 2001
Sager, C. R., and D. L. Winkelman. 22 August 2001. Effects of feeding frequency on growth of hybrid bluegill in ponds. 131st Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Phoenix, AZ.	August 2001
Sager, C. R., and D. L. Winkelman. 2 March 2000. Assessing the effects of alternative feeding strategies on growth of hybrid bluegill. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Oklahoma City, OK.	March 2000
Sager, C. R., and D. L. Winkelman. 13 November 1999. Assessing the effects of alternative feeding strategies on growth of hybrid bluegill. 88th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 1999
Sager, C. R., and D. L. Winkelman. 10 November 2000. Evaluation of feeding strategies for hybrid bluegill production. 89th Annual Technical Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Tulsa, OK.	November 2000
Sager, C. R., and D. L. Winkelman. 2 November 2001. Impacts of angling on hybrid bluegill. 90th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Lawton, OK.	November 2001
Sager, C. R., and D. L. Winkelman. 17 October 2001. Comparison of feeding regime and diet on growth of hybrid bluegill. 55th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Louisville, KY.	October 2001
Sager C.R. and D.L. Winkelman. 7 February 2002 Potential Impact of Young Anglers on Hybrid Bluegill. Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society annual meeting. Stillwater, OK.	February 2002
SK Brewer, TA Worthington, and JG Kennan. 2016.The relationships between flow alteration and fish-trait combinations in a large great plains river. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 2016, Kansas City	August 2016	Changes to rivers are multifaceted with flow modifications a driver of changing channel and habitat conditions. The flow regime of the Canadian River, located in the US Great Plains, has been altered by the construction of major reservoirs. This fragmentation has resulted in modification of the river continuum and the fish assemblage. We evaluated the effects of flow alteration on fish traits.
S.K. Brewer, M.M. Davis, and R. Mollenhauer. 2014. Examining the usefulness of existing ecological and hydrological data to test flow-ecology hypotheses in the Gulf Coast Prairie Region. 2014 Annual Research and Watershed Conference, Arkansas Water Resources Center, Fayetteville	July 2014	The Ecological Limits of Hydrological Alteration framework calls for the development of flow-ecology hypotheses to support protection of the flow regime from ecologically harmful alteration due to human activities. We developed regional flow-ecology hypotheses for fishes in the Gulf Coast Prairie Region and the objective of this study was to assess the usefulness and adequacy of existing ecological and hydrological data to test these hypotheses.
S.K. Brewer and D.J. Orth. 2013. Smallmouth Bass. Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation, Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Nashville	February 2013	The poster presents up-to-date information on the ecology of smallmouth bass, emphasizing research needs.
Roehrs, Z. P., R. A. Van Den Bussche, M. J. Hamilton, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. J. Schmidly. 3 November 2006. Two years of a small mammal survey of western Oklahoma Wildlife Management Areas. 95th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Claremore, OK.	November 2006
Roehrs, Z. P., D. M. Leslie, Jr., M. J. Hamilton, and R. A. Van Den Bussche. 4 April 2008. Effects of fire on small mammal communities in a sand sage prairie of western Oklahoma. Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Memphis, TN	April 2008
Roehrs, Z. P., D. L. Martinez, B. S. Coyner, D. M. Leslie, Jr., M. J. Hamilton, and R. A. Van Den Bussche. 10 September 2005. Small mammals of western Oklahoma's State Wildlife Management Areas: a report of first survey season. Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society and the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Stillwater, OK.	September 2005
Robertson, S. G., K. R. Hickman, T. J. O?Connell, C. Bensch, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 15 February 2007. Rate and timing of herbicides for the control of invasive Old World bluestem. 60th Annual Meeting of the Society of Range Management, Reno, NV.	February 2007
Riedle, J. D., S. F. Fox, P. A. Shipman, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 22 October 2000. Ecology of the alligator snapping turtle at Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma. 27th Annual Meeting of the Kansas Herpetological Society, Kansas City, MO.	October 2000
Riedle, J. D., S. F. Fox, P. A. Shipman, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 10 November 2000. Ecology of the alligator snapping turtle at Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge. 89th Annual Technical Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Tulsa, OK.	November 2000
Riedle, J. D., S. F. Fox, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and P. A. Shipman. 20 April 2001. The status of the alligator snapping turtle in Oklahoma. 48th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Hays, KS.	April 2001
Riedle, J. D., P. A. Shipman, S. F. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 7 November 1999. Alligator snapping turtle management in Oklahoma: current research and future objectives. Annual Meeting of the Kansas Herpetological Society, Pratt, KS.	November 1999
Riedle, J. D., P. A. Shipman, S. F. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 21 April 2000. Movements and microhabitat use by alligator snapping turtles, Macrochelys temmenckii, in Oklahoma. 47th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Denton, TX.	April 2000
Rickels, C.M.J., M.J. Cherry, M.C. Chitwood, R.W. DeYoung, M.M. Dart, W.S. Fairbanks, D.P. Hahn, R.C. Lonsinger, E.P. Tanner, M.T. Turnley, H.G. Wang, and L.J. Heffelfinger. 2024. Living on the edge: adult pronghorn survival near the species' extent in Oklahoma. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	We GPS-collared 147 adult pronghorn (110 females and 37 males) in western Oklahoma during 2022–2023 to assess adult survival. Compared to pronghorn populations at the range core, adult survival estimates were lower. Our results suggest that reducing female mortality (e.g., via harvest) could mitigate population declines in Oklahoma, though further analyses are needed to identify factors limiting adult survival to inform management.
Rickels, C.M.J., M.J. Cherry, M.C. Chitwood, M.M. Dart, R.W. DeYoung, W.S. Fairbanks, D.P. Hahn, R.C. Lonsinger, E.P. Tanner, M.T. Turnley, H.G. Wang, and L.J. Heffelfinger. 2024. Drivers of adult pronghorn survival near the species’ geographic extent. Texas Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Denton, TX.	February 2025	We examined drivers of adult pronghorn survival in Oklahoma to gain insight on population status. Our results highlight the importance of native grassland communities.
Rickels, C.M.J., L.J. Heffelfinger, M.J. Cherry, M.C. Chitwood, R.W. DeYoung, M.M. Dart, W.S. Fairbanks, D.P. Hahn, R.C. Lonsinger, E.P. Tanner, M.T. Turnley, and G. Wang. 2024. Survival of adult pronghorn near the species’ range limit in Oklahoma. 30th Biennial Pronghorn Workshop, Redmond, OR.	June 2024	We examined adult pronghorn survival rates in Oklahoma to gain insight on population status. Adult survival estimates were comparable to other populations at southern latitudes but are lower than pronghorn populations at northern latitudes; our results indicate that reducing female mortality could mitigate declines in the Oklahoma pronghorn population.
Rickels, C.M.J., L.J. Heffelfinger, M.J. Cherry, M.C. Chitwood, M.M. Dart, R.W. DeYoung, W.S. Fairbanks, D.P. Hahn, R.C. Lonsinger, E.P. Tanner, M.T. Turnley, and H.G. Wang. 2024. Oklahoma pronghorn project overview and update. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Mule Deer and Pronghorn Technical Committee, Abilene, TX.	August 2024	Pronghorn (<i>Antilocapra americana</i>) vital rates vary geographically, and anecdotal evidence suggests a population decline at the southeastern extent of their range in Oklahoma. We have monitored adult pronghorn and their fawns from 2022-2024 to assess population dynamics and spatial ecology, and to inform management.
Rettig, A.V. and S.K. Brewer. 2011. Seasonal habitat shifts by benthic fishes in headwater streams. Southeast Association of Fisheries and Wildlife Agencies	October 2011
Reed, M.L., W.W. Hoback, and J.M. Long. 2018. Seasonal and longitudinal variability of benthic macroinvertebrates in a southeastern Oklahoma cold water tailrace. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa.	February 2018	Existing literature emphases the significance of examining spatial and temporally variability of macroinvertebrates in aquatic systems, but little is known about the variability of macroinvertebrate communities inhabiting cold tailwaters. Distinct longitudinal patterns were evident, which likely affect the ecology of the system.
Reed, M.L., W.W. Hoback, and J.M. Long. 2018. Aquatic macroinvertebrates differ in time and space downstream of a Southeast Oklahoma reservoir. ntomological Society of America, Southwestern Branch Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, NM.	March 2018	Existing literature emphases the significance of examining spatial and temporally variability of macroinvertebrates in aquatic systems, but little is known about the variability of macroinvertebrate communities inhabiting cold tailwaters. Distinct longitudinal patterns were evident, which likely affect the ecology of the system.
Reed, M.L., W.W. Hoback, J.M. Long, and T. Farling. 2016. Diet of Etheostoma radiosum Among Tributaries of the Lower Mountain Fork. Oklahoma Governor's Water Conference and Research Symposium. Norman, OK.	October 2016	Previous studies of orangebelly darters, in the Blue and Glover Rivers, Oklahoma, revealed they were selective feeders with diets consisted primarily of aquatic insect larvae, chiefly dipterans. This analysis demonstrates that macroinvertebrate assemblages vary among the tributaries of the Lower Mountain Fork River and differ from previous orangebelly darter diet studies.
Reed, M., W. Woback, J. Long, and A. Dzialowski. 2017.A Darter’s Diet: Macroinvertebrate Diet of the Orangebelly darter. SW Branch of the Entomological Society of America, Austin, TX.	April 2017	To test the hypothesis that darter diet would be similar in small streams, orangebelly darters were collected from five small tributaries of the Lower Mountain Fork River, using backpack electrofishing equipment. This study highlights the importance of aquatic macroinvertebrates to an endemic freshwater fish species that is a specialized bottom feeder.
Rabeni, C.F. and S.K. Brewer. 2014. Linking successful careers to successful fisheries. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Quebec	August 2014	The continuing degradation of fish populations and associated habitat in streams and rivers, despite the efforts of competent and dedicated individuals, suggests that a different approach might be helpful to training our future leaders. The objective of our talk is to suggest a new goal for success in the fisheries profession and describe the role of graduate education and mentoring in this model.
R. Mollenhauer, TA Worthington, and SK Brewer. 2014. A trait-based approach to stream-fish conservation. Illinois River Watershed Research and Extension Symposium.	September 2014	Using a trait-based approach, we can move towards “predictive” stream management. The objective of this study is to develop trait groups of Ozark Highland stream fishes using ecomorphology and identify traits combinations associated with adaptations to flow regimes.
Powers, J., S. K. Brewer, J.A. Long, and T. Campbell. 2014. Developing a more efficient process to locate freshwater mussel beds using sidescan sonar. Oklahoma State University, 25th Research Symposium, Stillwater.	February 2014	Identifying the location of freshwater mussel beds in deep, turbid riverine conditions represents a significant impediment to conservation planning. The objective of this study was to determine if side-scan sonar could be used to identify mussel bed locations and under what environmental conditions.
Powers, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Use of sidescan sonar to detect mussel beds in turbid prairie rivers. Second annual student water conference. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	April 2013	Conservation planning for threatened mussel species is difficult in deep, turbid prarie streams because traditional sampling techniques are often not feasible or can be dangerous. This study evaluates the use of side-scan sonar as an alternative technique for locating freshwater mussel beds.
Powers, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Finding a needle in a haystack: Using side-scan sonar to locate freshwater mussel beds.. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds, Stillwater.	April 2013	Conservation planning for threatened mussel species is difficult in deep, turbid prarie streams because traditional sampling techniques are often not feasible or can be dangerous. This study evaluates the use of side-scan sonar as an alternative technique for locating freshwater mussel beds.
Powers, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2012. Distribution of freshwater mussels in the Muddy and Clear Boggy rivers. Student Water Research Conference, Oklahoma State University	April 2012
Porta, M.J., J.M. Long, and C.R. Martin. 2010. Length, Age, and Growth of Juvenile Shoal Bass Reintroduced into a Trout Tailwater. Species introductions and reintroductions symposium. American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society, Starkville, Mississippi, 8-9 April 2010.	April 2010
Porta, M.J., J.M. Long, and C.R. Martin. 2010. Length, Age, and Growth of Juvenile Shoal Bass Reintroduced into a Trout Tailwater. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, 12-17 September 2010.	September 2010
Porta, M.J. and J.M. Long. Stocking Contribution of Shoal Bass in the Morgan Falls Dam Tailwater of the Chattahoochee River, Georgia. Oral Presentation, Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society Meeting, Tampa Bay, FL. 13-16 January 2011.	January 2011
Porta, M.J. and J.M. Long. Effects of a Cold Tailwater on Age and Growth of Two Warm Water Black Bass Species. Oral Presentation, Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society Meeting, Wagoner, OK. 15-17 February 2011.	February 2011
Porta, M.J. and J.M. Long. 2013. Evaluation of a Five-Year Shoal Bass Micropterus cataractae Conservation-Stocking Program in the Upper Chattahoochee River, Georgia. Black Bass Diversity Symposium, Southern Division Society American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Nashville.	February 2013	In 2003, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources and the National Park Service initiated a five-year shoal bass stocking program below Morgan Falls Dam in the Chattahoochee River, Georgia with a goal of rehabilitating population abundance to historic levels and to provide further sport-fishing opportunities. Overall, the five-year shoal bass stocking program was successful in increasing shoal bass abundance in the Chattahoochee River below Morgan Falls Dam.
Porak, W., J.M. Long, H. Schramm, and T. Birdsong. 2017. Black bass diversity: a paradigm shift for fisheries managers. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL.	August 2017	Black bass have traditionally been managed using fishing regulations, stocking, and habitat manipulations. Fisheries scientists are now placing a higher priority on research about lesser-known species of black bass, which has become a new focus of black bass management and represents a paradigm shift from traditional management.
Peterson, J.T., C.P Paukert, A.E. Rosenberger, S.K. Brewer. 2015. Standardized sampling: a call for gear calibration. 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, August 16-20, Portland OR.	August 2015	We describe alternative gear calibration techniques, provide estimates of sampling efficiency for several sampling techniques, and highlight the techniques with insufficient gear efficiency information.
Perry, R. W., R. E. Thill, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 20 October 2006. Effects of landscape structure and composition on roost selection by forest bats. 36th North American Symposium on Bat Research, Willmington, NC.	October 2006
Periard, T. S., S. F. Fox, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. C. Stark. 14 April 2006. First year's results of a herpetological survey of the Black Mesa Ecoregion. 53rd Annual Meeting of Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Colima, Colima, Mexico.	April 2006
Periard, T. S., S. F. Fox, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. C. Stark. 3 November 2006. Space use, movements, and survival of Texas Horned lizards in the Black Mesa Ecoregion. 95th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Claremore, OK.	November 2006
Periard, T. A., S. F. Fox, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. C. Stark. 20 April 2007. Space use, movements, and survival of Texas horned lizards in the Black Mesa Ecoregion, Oklahoma, USA. 54th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Stephenville, TX.	April 2007
Parsons, J. L., E. C. Hellgren, R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and E. E. Jorgensen. 6 January 2001. Protein nutrition of southern plains small mammals: comparative nitrogen requirements for reproduction. Annual Meeting of the Society for Integrated and Comparative Biology, Chicago, IL.	January 2001
Parsons, J. L., E. C. Hellgren, R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and E. E. Jorgensen. 3 August 2000. Protein nutrition in small mammals of the tallgrass prairie: comparative nitrogen requirements for reproduction. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Kingfisher, OK.	August 2000
Parsons, J. L., E. C. Hellgren, R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and E. E. Jorgensen. 19 June 2000. Comparative nitrogen requirements of Sigmodon hispidus and Reithrodontomys fulvescens: does dietary niche matter? 80th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammologists, Durham, NH.	June 2000
Parsons, J. L., E. C. Hellgren, R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and E. E. Jorgensen. 13 November 1999. Protein nutrition in small mammals of the Tallgrass Prairie. 88th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 1999
Parsons, J. L., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Leslie, Jr., E. E. Jorgensen, and R. L. Lochmiller. 20 April 2001. Comparative nitrogen requirements of small mammals for reproduction: consequences of dietary niche or life-history strategy? 48th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Hays, KS.	April 2001
Parson, J. L., E. C. Hellgren, R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and E. E. Jorgensen. 17 June 2001. Comparative nitrogen requirements of Sigmodon hispidus and Reithrodontomys fulvescens: does dietary niche matter? 80th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Missoula, MT.	June 2001
Parson, J. L., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and E. E. Jorgensen. 10 November 2000. Protein nutrition of southern plains small mammals. 89th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Tulsa, OK.	November 2000
Park, C., J.M. Long, A.R. Dzialowski, and A. Nealis. 2013. Consumption of an invasive zooplankton species, Daphnia lumholtzi, by reservoir populations of paddlefish. Great Plains Fisheries Student Colloquium, Lake Texoma, OK.	February 2013	Daphnia lumholtzi is an invasive zooplankton native to Africa that has invaded Oklahoma reservoirs. This study examined how this invasive species has impacted foraging by paddlefish, an obligate planktivore.
O'Meilia, C. M., D. M. Engle, S. D. Fuhlendorf, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 October 2001. What are the effects of herbicidal control of Sericea lespedeza on plant and invertebrate communities. The Changing Ecology of Oklahoma, Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma Section of the Society for Range Management, Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Oklahoma Ornithological Society, and Oklahoma Native Plant Society, Stillwater, OK.	October 2001
O'Connell, T., S. McConnell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 October 2007. Breeding habitat and estimated population size of mountain plovers in Oklahoma. Joint Meeting of the Bollenbach Wildlife Symposium and Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Woodward, OK.	October 2007
Nicole Farless and Shannon Brewer. 2015. Influences of flow regime alteration on the abiotic and biotic components of streams. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society	August 2015	Native fish species have adapted to the natural flow regime and rely on specific flow components (e.g., magnitude and duration of high flows during spawning) to successfully complete their life-history. The objective of this study was to develop and test several flow-ecology hypotheses for reproductive guilds of fishes to determine the relationship among abiotic components of streams and level of flow alteration.
Nicholson, L. L., J. H. Shaw, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. E. Masters. 7 November 1997. Preliminary results of road and habitat use by predators on an area that has experienced a decline in eastern wild turkey numbers. 86TH Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 1997
Nicholson, D. S., M. D. Stewart, R. L. Lochmiller, R. E. masters, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 7 November 1997. Hen survival and reproductive success of the eastern wild turkey in southeastern Oklahoma. 86TH Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 1997
Nealis, A. and J.M. Long. 2012. Differences in self-sustaining reservoir populations of paddlefish in Oklahoma. Spring meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Biloxi, MS.	January 2012
Nealis, A. and J.M. Long. 2012. Differences in self-sustaining reservoir populations of paddlefish in Oklahoma. Annual meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2012
Natalie,V, Jamey Jacob, Shannon Brewer, Desiree Moore, Racine Swick. Remote Connectivity and Hydromorphology Analysis of the South Canadian River. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.	December 2018	We remotely model and measure river characteristics, such as flow velocity and channel morphology, using various sensors that were integrated onboard small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS). These techniques are valuable in large systems where information across large distances are needed, especially with fisheries applications.
Nambiar, R., D. L. Winkelman, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and T. Boyer. 7 November 2003. Zooplankton community structure in ephemeral wetlands on the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Pawhuska, Oklahoma. 92nd Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 2003
Nambiar, R., D. L. Winkelman, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and T. Boyer. 7 November 2003. Zooplankton community structure in ephemeral wetlands on the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Pawhuska, Oklahoma. 92nd annual meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 2003
Nambiar, R., D. L. Winkelman, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and M. Ewing. 5 November 2004. Zooplankton community structure in ephemeral wetlands on the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve. 92RD Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Edmund, OK.	November 2004
Musselman, W.C. and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Less water is a recipe for cooked fish: the influence of flow reductions on summer-water temperatures with implications to stream fish. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds, Stillwater.	April 2013	This study determines how lowering discharge would influence stream temperatures and compares these values to published temperature tolerances in stream fishes.
Musselman, W.C. and S.K. Brewer. 2011. The importance of shallow-water habitats to the movement and survival of fishes in OK streams. Oklahoma Scenic Rivers Commission Business Meeting, Tahlequah, OK	April 2011
Musselman, C., N. Farless, and S.K. Brewer. 2012. Go with the flow: how stream discharge affects productive, shallow-water habitat availability and fish movements. Student Water Research Conference, Oklahoma State University	April 2012
Musselman, C. and S.K. Brewer. 2015.Defining functional connectivity between habitats to support instream-flow recommendations in an Ozark streamAnnual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Tulsa.	February 2015	Understanding how stream fish transition between different habitats at reduced flows is important for determining effective minimum flow vales necessary for the long-term conservation of lotic ecosystems. We quantified transition probabilities between habitats under varying discharges to assess the effects of low flows on fish movement.
Murley, B.P., and R.C. Lonsinger. 2024. The influence of a potential alternative, invasive prey on the activity of a native generalist carnivore. Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Edmond, OK.	February 2024	The direct and indirect ecological effects and relationships feral pigs may have in invaded communities have rarely been explored. We used motion-triggered cameras and piecewise structural equation modeling (SEM) to better understand how feral pig activity patterns influenced coyote activity patterns in the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma.
Murley, B.P., and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Influences of land features and landcover on feral swine space use patterns. Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Edmond, OK.	February 2023	Feral swine (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) are a destructive invasive species with an estimated economic impact in the United States of ~$1.5 billion per year. We used passive motion-triggered trail cameras to estimate occupancy and identify environmental factors influencing spatial use of feral swine and mammalian mesocarnivores.
Murley, B.P., and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Feral swine detection and distribution in the nation’s first big-game wildlife refuge. 13th International Mammalogical Congress, Anchorage, AK.	July 2023	Invasive feral swine (<i>Sus scrofa</i>; hereafter swine) have an estimated economic impact of ~$1.5 billion annually in the United States. We used passive, motion-triggered cameras and occupancy modeling to both estimate detection and occupancy of swine and investigate the influence of environmental predictors on patterns observed in the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge.
Murley, B.M., and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Where’s the pork? Feral swine space use in the nation’s first big-game wildlife refuge. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY	November 2023	We used passive, motion-triggered cameras and occupancy modeling to estimate both detection and occupancy of feral swine in in the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma. Our results will inform refuge managers about swine space use and may improve efficacy of control efforts.
Mueller, J.S., T.B. Grabowski, S.K. Brewer, and T.A. Worthington. 2013. Effects of Temperature, Salinity, and Suspended Solids on the Development and Buoyancy of Arkansas River Shiner Eggs. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Nashville.	February 2013	The development rate of eggs for many endangered species are unknown, particularly under varying physical and chemical conditions. This information is critical for making decisions about whether improvements can made across the landscape alowing persistence of these populations.
Mueller JS, TB Grabowski, SK Brewer, and T.A. Worthington. Effects of temperature, salinity, and suspended solids on the development and buoyancy of Arkansas River shiner eggs. 2013 Spring Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. Nashville, TN. 7-10 February 2013.	February 2013	We used a full factorial experimental design to assess the effects of temperature, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids on the buoyancy and developmental rate of ARS eggs and larva. Our findings will aid in identifying of areas that can support successful reproduction in pelagic-spawning cyprinids, such as ARS, and provides critical data for developing models predicting the effect of further anthropogenic disturbances.
Mueller JS, TB Grabowski, & SK Brewer. Effects of temperature, salinity, and suspended solids on the development and buoyancy of Arkansas River shiner eggs. 2013 Annual Meeting of the Texas Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. Lake Conroe, Texas. 17-19 January 2013.	January 2013	We used a full factorial experimental design to assess the effects of temperature, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids on the buoyancy and developmental rate of ARS eggs and larva. Our findings will aid in identifying of areas that can support successful reproduction in pelagic-spawning cyprinids, such as ARS, and provides critical data for developing models predicting the effect of further anthropogenic disturbances.
Mouser, J., J. Glover, and S. K. Brewer. 2018. A new technique for determining crayfish population demographics. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa, OK.	February 2018	Recent work has shown that the gastric mill within the stomach of crustaceans may be useful for aging. Therefore, our objective was to determine if crayfish could be aged using the gastric mill.
Mouser, J., J. Glover, and S. K. Brewer. 2018. A new technique for determining crayfish population demographics. International symposium on freshwater crayfish, Pittsburg.	July 2018	Aging organisms provides crucial population demographic information such as growth, recruitment, and mortality. Typically, we rely on indirect measures of growth as indicators of age because we lack techniques that provide direct age estimates. Our objective was to determine if a common North American crayfish species could be reliably aged using gastric mill ossicles.
Mouser, J, R. Van Den Bussche, M. Niemiller, C. Wood, D. Ashley, and S.K. Brewer. 2017. New techniques for determining occurrence and demographics of cave crayfish. International Cave and Karst Symposium, AR	October 2017	Many species of cave crayfish are of conservation concern due to narrow distributions and threats to groundwater quality. To protect stygobitic organisms we need to adopt innovative techniques for studying their populations. Our objectives were to assess the use of eDNA for detection of cave crayfish and determine if using hard structures for aging cave crayfish could be used for demographic analysis.
Mouser, J, R Mollenhauer, A Miller, and SK Brewer. 2016. The invasive Ringed Crayfish: Understanding occurrence patterns in the Ozark Highlands . Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	Ringed Crayfish Orconectes neglectus neglectus is non-native in many areas and its success as an invader has been hypothesized to be due to biotic factors (i.e., competition), but this has never been confirmed. However, we hypothesized persistence of Ringed Crayfish may instead be due to abiotic factors, particularly those related to disturbance. Therefore, our objective was to identify environmental factors related to the relative abundance of the Ringed Crayfish in streams of the Ozark Highla
Mouser J., N. Farless, J. Long, and S.K. Brewer. 2015. The influence of temperature regimes on otolith daily ring deposition in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Student Research Conference, Oklahoma State University	February 2015	Fisheries managers use otoliths to determine the daily age of young fish and little is known about the influence of biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., temperature, photoperiod, and feeding) on ring deposition. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of temperature regimes on the deposition of daily growth rings in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) otoliths and determine an efficient method for marking otoliths.
Moore, D., and S.K. Brewer. 2019. Autumn and winter movement of diminutive prairie fishes. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa.	February 2019	Because low-flow conditions can occur throughout the year, we need to identify the movement patterns of these fishes during periods that have received little emphasis, specifically the non-breeding period. Our study objective is to determine movement by Arkansas River Shiner Notropis girardi, Plains Minnow Hybognathus placitus, and Emerald Shiner Notropis atherinoides during late autumn and winter.
Moore, D., and S. K. Brewer. 2019. Presence of diminutive Great Plains fishes related to seasonal flow patterns. Joint Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society and the Wildlife Society, Reno.	October 2019	Flow alteration is hypothesized to contribute to the decline of pelagophil fishes within the Great Plains. Our study objective was to develop relationships between flow metrics and the presence of pelagophil fishes.
Moore, D., R. Mollenhauer, and S. K. Brewer. 2020. Occurrence of diminutive Great Plains fishes related to seasonal flow patterns. Annual Meeting of the Natural Resources Conference, Norman.	February 2020	Flow alteration is hypothesized to contribute to the decline of pelagophil fishes within the Great Plains. Our study objective was to develop relationships between flow metrics and the occupancy of Arkansas River Shiner, Notropis girardi and Plains Minnow, Hybognathus placitus while accounting for imperfect detection.
Monteith, K. B., K. L. Monteith, J. A. Jenks, T. R. Bowyer, and D. M. Leslie, Jr.. 26 June 2009. Fecal nitrogen as an index to diet quality: sex-specific effects. 89th Annual Meeting of American Society of Mammalogists, Fairbanks, AK.	June 2009
Mollenhauer, R., S. K. Brewer, D. Ryter, D. Moore, and R. Hart. 2018. Local colonization and extinction of Red River stream fishes in relation to flow contributions. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Atlanta	August 2018	Identifying relationships between species occurrence and groundwater and streamflow metrics is essential for establishing minimum flow requirements to support stream fish persistence.
Mollenhauer, R., D. Ryter, D. Moore, and S. K. Brewer. 2018. Local colonization and extinction of Red River stream fishes in relation to groundwater contribution. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society	March 2018	Identifying relationships between species occurrence and groundwater and streamflow metrics is essential for establishing minimum flow requirements to support stream fish persistence.
Mollenhauer, R., D. Logue, and S. K. Brewer. 2018. Seining detection probability of small-bodied fishes in Great Plains sand-bed rivers. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa, OK.	February 2018	Sand-bed streams of the Great Plains represent a unique challenge to address stream-fish detection error due to highly variable instream environments and limited gear choice. We quantified seining detection probability for small-bodied fishes across a range of sampling conditions in Oklahoma sand-bed rivers.
Mollenhauer, R. and SK Brewer. 2014. Linking fish species through common traits to optimize stream-monitoring protocols. 23rd Annual Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association, Stillwater.	April 2014	Understanding relationships between fish traits and the stream environment can improve sampling protocols and allows stream managers to better assess the likelihood that individual fish species will persist with changing climate and land use.
Mollenhauer, R. and S.K. Brewer. 2015.Using capture-efficiency models to standardize stream-fish monitoring across an ecoregion. Student Water Conference, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	March 2015	Capture efficiency (the proportion of individuals captured in a population) varies across sampling events due to changing environmental conditions and traits of different fish species. The failure to adjust sampling data due to variation in capture efficiency can lead to erroneous and potentially costly stream-management decisions.
Mollenhauer, R. and S.K. Brewer. 2014. Incorporating a trait-based approach into effective stream-fish management and monitoring. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 23.	January 2014	Applying a trait-based approach to stream-fish conservation can increase the long-term success of management and monitoring programs. The objective of this study was to use hierarchical clustering to group stream fishes of the Ozark Highlands based on common ecomorphological (e.g., relative size of fins, mouth, eye, etc.) and life-history (e.g., reproductive and feeding strategies) traits.
Mollenhauer, R. and S.K Brewer. 2015. Comparisons of adjusted and unadjusted catch data: implications for successful long-term stream-fish monitoring. Annual Meeting of the OK Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Tulsa.	February 2015	Effective sampling protocols are fundamental to the success of long-term stream-fish monitoring. Capture efficiency (the proportion of individuals captured in a population) varies across sampling events due to changing environmental conditions and traits of different fish species. The failure to adjust sampling data due to variation in capture efficiency can lead to erroneous and potentially costly stream-management decisions.
Mollenhauer, R. and S. K. Brewer. 2014. Using fish traits to effectively detect and predict changes in stream-fish assemblages. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma and Texas Chapters of the American Fisheries Society, Lake Texoma.	February 2014	Applying a trait-based approach to stream-fish conservation can increase the long-term success of management and monitoring programs. An important first step is to identify groups of fish based on common traits.
Mollenhauer, R. and S. K. Brewer. 2014. Linking fish species through common traits to optimize stream-monitoring protocols. Oklahoma State University, 25th Research Symposium, Stillwater.	February 2014	We demonstrate how trait groups are useful for both standardizing stream-fish sampling methods and identifying potential future fish species of conservation concern.
Mollenhauer, R. and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Biological implications of using inefficient sampling gears. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds, Stillwater.	April 2013	We provide a summary of studies where gear efficiencies have been evaluated as a means for identifying knowledge gaps that if filled, will help adnance fisheries science.
Mollenhauer, R, and SK Brewer. 2017.Sampling the stream landscape: an ecoregion-level capture probability model for stream fishes. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Tampa.	August 2017	The major outcome of our model is the ability to derive temporally- and spatially-comparable estimates of absolute abundance with equivalent sampling effort as catch-per-unit-effort estimates (i.e., relative abundance). Our approach balances complexity with practicality and can be applied to different gear types and systems.
Mollenhauer, R, A Miller, and SK Brewer. 2016. One fish, two fish, what a lot of fish there are: comparison of Smallmouth Bass abundance estimates in wadeable streams using multiple sampling methods. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	Identifying limitations and uncertainty in sampling methods is essential to effective long-term monitoring of stream fish populations. The capture efficiency of all fish sampling methods varies across environmental conditions such as flow, depth, and water clarity. Across a range of environmental parameters in wadeable streams of the Ozark Highlands, we compared mark-recapture and catch-per-unit effort (CPUE) abundance estimates of Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu via tow-barge electrofishi
Mollenhauer, R and SK Brewer. 2016. Using occupancy modeling to improve the accuracy of electrofishing abundance estimates for riverine Smallmouth Bass. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Kansas City.	August 2016	Occupancy modeling increases the reliability of animal population estimates by explicitly accounting for imperfect and variable detection. We examined the use of occupancy modeling to improve the accuracy of electrofishing for estimating Smallmouth Bass abundance.
Mollenhauer, R and SK Brewer. 2014. Establishing relationships between fish traits and capture efficiency: Implications for watershed-scale monitoring. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Quebec.	August 2014	Understanding relationships between fish traits and the stream environment can improve sampling and monitoring protocols. Fishes that have similar morphology and behavior are assumed to have similar sampling-gear catchability.We tested the assumption of equal catchability between fish species within each ecomorphological group by sampling with multiple gears across a range of environmental conditions.
Mollenhauer, B. and S. K. Brewer. 2014. Linking fish species through common traits to optimize stream-monitoring protocols. 3rd Annual Student Water Conference, April 10-11, 2014, Stillwater, OK	April 2014	Understanding relationships between fish traits and the stream environment can improve sampling protocols and allows stream managers to better assess the likelihood that individual fish species will persist with changing climate and land use. The objective of this study is to develop groups of fish traits that relate to differing reproductive and feeding strategies as the foundation for understanding flow alteration affects species assemblages.
Miller, O. D., R. L. Lochmiller, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 3 August 2000. Restoration of a drained wetland basin (Hackberry Flat WMA) that had been intensively farmed since the early nineteen hundreds. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Kingfisher, OK.	August 2000
Miller, A., and S. K. Brewer. 2018. Relationship between densities of age-0 Neosho Smallmouth Bass and multi-scale habitat features of Ozark Highland streams. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Atlantic City.	August 2018	Understanding the habitat characteristics that influence the survival of age-0 Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu is important for effectively managing populations. One impediment to understanding juvenile survival is our general lack of understanding of limiting landscape factors.
Miller, A. and S. K. Brewer.. 2018. Multi-scale influences of habitat on age-0 Smallmouth Bass abundance in the Ozark Highlands. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa, OK.	February 2018	One impediment in understanding juvenile survival is our general lack of understanding the landscape controlling factors. Thus, our research aimed to determine the role of both local abiotic and coarse-scale watershed features on the abundance of age-0 Smallmouth Bass in Ozark Highland streams.
Miller, A and SK Brewer. 2017. Diel movement and habitat use of juvenile Smallmouth Bass in an Ozark stream. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Tampa.	August 2017	Habitat use and dispersal patterns are poorly understood for stream-dwelling juvenile Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu and information is lacking almost entirely for the Neosho subspecies M. d. velox.
Miller, A and SK Brewer. 2016. Interactive effects of hydrology and channel characteristics on densities of age-0 smallmouth bass in the Ozark Highlands. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	This research aims to determine the role of local abiotic and broader-scale watershed features on densities of age-0 Smallmouth Bass in the Ozark Highlands relative to stream-reach location.
Miller A and SK Brewer, 2016. Effects of habitat and spatial factors on age-0 Smallmouth Bass in the Ozark Highlands. Annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Kansas City.	August 2016	Understanding the habitat characteristics that influence the abundance of age-0 Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu is important for effectively managing populations. This research aims to determine the role of local abiotic and broader-scale watershed features on densities of age-0 Smallmouth Bass in the Ozark Highlands relative to stream-reach location
Melstrom, RT and JM Long. 2016. Measuring the Relationship between Sportfishing Trip Expenditures and Anglers’ Species Preferences. Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, Grand Rapids, MI.	January 2016	This paper investigates whether variation in fishing trip expenditures is related to anglers’ species preferences. The results suggest that trout and bass anglers spend significantly more on their fishing trips compared with other anglers, and that spending by catfish and panfish anglers does not significantly diverge from the overall average.
McKenna, J., P.M. Kocovsky, J. Long, J. Farver, and J. Miner. 2020. Identifying spawning locations of Silver Chub in Lake Erie. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Columbus, Ohio.	September 2020	Silver Chub (<i>Macrhybopsis storeriana</i>), a riverine species in its native range, exists in Lake Erie as the only known lake population. Because Silver Chub are riverine spawners throughout their core range, we examined flow conditions in several Lake Erie tributary rivers on probable spawning dates, calculated as daily age subtracted from capture date, as an aid to interpreting microchemistry data and to further inform spawning location(s).
McConnell, S., T. J. O'Connell, J. S. Shackford, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 23 October 2004. Birds of Cimarron County. 54TH Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society, Tulsa, OK.	October 2004
McConnell, S., T. J. O'Connell, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. S. Shackford. 8 October 2004. Cimarron County raptors. Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma and Kansas Chapters of The Wildlife Society and the Kansas Chapter of the Society for Range Management, Woodward, OK.	October 2004
McConnell, S., J. Shackford, T. J. O'Connell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 5 November 2004. Raptors of the Oklahoma Panhandle. 92RD Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Edmund, OK.	November 2004
Mauck,M. and D.L. Winkelman. 1 November 2002. Factors influencing first-year recruitment of striped bass in Lake Texoma. 91st annual meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 2002
Mauck, M. 5 March 2003. Growth, survival, and recruitment of juvenile striped bass in Lake Texoma. 14th Graduate Research Symposium, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.	March 2003
Marwin, M., R.C. Lonsinger, J.W. Cain III, L.J. Bernal, C. Kruse, M.C. Chitwood. 2024. Evaluation of black bear kleptoparasitism on cougar rate of predation. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	We equipped 15 cougars with global position system (GPS) collars and investigated 358 clusters to identify cougar kill sites, characterize cougar prey composition, and set remote cameras to document evidence of kleptoparasitism by black bears. Our research aims to evaluate the influence of kleptoparasitism by black bears on cougar kill rates to improve our understanding of interspecific interactions between large predators and inform management of large predators and their ungulate prey.
Martin, K. W., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 13 November 1999. Cave gating as a management effort for protecting fauna in northeastern Oklahoma caves. 88th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 1999
Martin, K. W., D. M. Leslie, Jr., M. E. Payton, W. L. Puckette, and S. L. Hensley. 19 April 2003. Effects of cave-passage manipulation on emergence and status of colonies of endangered gray bats (Mytois grisescens). 50th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Norman, OK.	April 2003
M. Lanzoni, D. Chapman, G. Castaldelli, J. Long, and M. Milardi. 2016. First reproduction of Asian carps revealed in an artificial canal network of Western Europe. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO.	August 2016	Asian carps, namely bighead (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), have been widely introduced throughout Europe, but little attention was given to their invasiveness potential. We were able to document the first evidence of natural recruitment occurring within the canal network.
Lonsinger, R.C., M.M. Dart, R.T. Larsen, and R.N. Knight. 2023. Efficacy of machine learning image classification for automated occupancy-based monitoring of terrestrial mammals. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY	November 2023	Machine learning for image classification can expedite data processing from camera trapping, but misclassifications may influence inferences. We used camera data for three sympatric species with disparate body sizes and life histories to evaluate the influence of competing image classification approaches on estimates of occupancy and inferences about space use patterns.
Lonsinger, R.C., M.M. Dart, R.T. Larsen, and R.N. Knight. 2023. Efficacy of machine learning image classification for automated occupancy-based monitoring of terrestrial mammals. 13th International Mammalogical Congress, Anchorage, AK.	July 2023	Effective conservation requires near-real-time multi-species monitoring at broad scales and remote cameras have become a widespread data-collection tool for mammal communities. Here, we used camera data for three sympatric mammal species with disparate body sizes and life histories to evaluate the efficacy of machine learning algorithms for automated image classification to expedite data processing and the influence of image misclassifications on inferences.
Lonsinger, R. C., R. N. Knight, and L. P. Waits. 2021. Improving Cost Efficiency of Occupancy Monitoring for a Sensitive Carnivore. American Society of Mammalogists Annual Meeting, Virtual.	June 2021	We used noninvasive genetic sampling of a sensitive carnivore as a model system to compare the reliability and cost-effectiveness of alternative monitoring approach. Our results demonstrate that careful consideration of data collection, data processing/handling, and analytical frameworks can reduce costs without significantly altering inferences.
Lonsinger, R. C., R. N. Knight, and L. P. Waits. 2021. Consideration of detection criteria and novel post-field sample processing improve cost efficiency of occupancy-based monitoring for a sensitive carnivore. National Military Fish & Wildlife Association Workshop, Virtual.	March 2021	We used noninvasive genetic sampling of a sensitive carnivore as a model system to compare ambiguous and unambiguous detection criteria, assess post-field data processing strategies, evaluate the impacts of these criteria and strategies on estimates of occupancy and associations between parameters and predictors, and identify the most cost-effective approach for long-term occupancy-based monitoring. Our results demonstrate that careful consideration of detection criteria and post-field data pro
Lonsinger, R. C. 2022. Co-occurrence models fail to infer underlying patterns of avoidance and aggregation when closure is violated. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Spokane, WA	November 2022	Violating the closure assumption may lead to erroneous conclusions related to patterns of co-occurrence among species, but this has not been formally assessed. To address this knowledge gap, I simulated occurrence for two hypothetical species under patterns of avoidance, aggregation, or independence when the closure assumption was either met or not, and found that inferred patterns of independence from co-occurrence models should be interpreted cautiously when closure was violated.
Lonsinger, R. C. 2021. Kit fox monitoring in the Great Basin: Considerations and Implications. Swift Fox Conservation Team Meeting.	May 2021	I review developments and advancements for kit fox monitoring over the past 10 years and identify the implications of these achievements for swift fox monitoring. Additionally, I review key factors of importance to consider when identifying or selecting an appropriate monitoring strategy.
Lonsinger, R. C. 2021. Genetic Monitoring of Populations in Do the Genetics Workshop. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Virtual.	November 2021	The Molecular Ecology Working Group hosted a training workshop titled "Doing the Genetics", which introduces participants to the fundamentals and application of genetics to wildlife management. The section on Genetic Monitoring of Populations was invited and led to a breakout group discussion.
Long, James M., J.D. Schooley, A.R. Dzialowski, R. Gary, and B. Eachus. 2021. An adaptive management approach to restoring paddlefish in Oklahoma reservoirs. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD.	November 2021	<u>We are currently assessing two hypotheses at multiple reservoirs that focus on the role of spawning habitat and availability of zooplankton prey for developing young-of-year. Habitat availability relative to flow to be a driving factor for Paddlefish recruitment in reservoirs as well as differences in type and size of zooplankton.</u>
Long, J.M., W. Wolfenkoehler, P. Joyce, R. Gary, J. Schooley, R. Snow, R. Lonsinger, and L. Bruckerhoff. 2024. Utility of side-scan and down-scan sonar for monitoring Paddlefish. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Chattanooga, Tennessee.	February 2024	We report on evaluations of side-scan and down-scan sonar from the MEGA series of Humminbird SSS units to count and visualize Paddlefish in river and reservoir settings in Oklahoma. These new tools open up new methods for monitoring this species in a variety of habitats.
Long, J.M., W. Wolfenkoehler, P. Joyce, R. Gary, J. Schooley, R. Snow, R. Lonsinger, and L. Bruckerhoff. 2023. Utility of side-scan and down-scan sonar for monitoring Paddlefish. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Grand Rapids, Michigan.	August 2023	We report on evaluations of side-scan and down-scan sonar from the MEGA series of Humminbird SSS units to count and visualize Paddlefish in river and reservoir settings in Oklahoma. These new tools open up new methods for monitoring this species in a variety of habitats.
Long, J.M., N.P. Nibbelink, K.T. McAbee, and J. Stahli. 2011. Assessment of freshwater assemblages and their habitats in the National Park Service system of the southeastern United States. Southeastern Fishes Council Annual Meeting, Chattanooga, TN.	November 2011
Long, J.M., M.J. Porta, and C.Martin. 2011. Evaluation of shoal bass restoration-stocking in a Chattahoochee River tailwater. Southeastern Fishes Council Annual Meeting, Chattanooga, TN.	November 2011
Long, J.M., M.Allen, W. Porak, and C. Suski. 2013. History of black bass management in the United States. Black Bass Diversity Symposium, Southern Division Society American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Nashville.	February 2013	This work summarizes the history of black bass management in the United States. This work demonstrates how management has changed over the course of history.
Long, J.M., J. Slaughter, and W. Porak. 2009. Status, threats, and conservation need of endemic black bass species in the southeastern United States. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN.	August 2009
Long, J.M., D.E. Shoup, Y. Lian, A.R. Dzialowski, and J.R. Bidwell. 2013. Geospatial assessment of invasive bighead carp establishment in Oklahoma reservoirs. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association Annual Conference, Stillwater, OK.	April 2013	This work assesses the suitability of establishment of an invasive species in OK reservoirs. We found eight reservoirs that met the spawning criteria as identified in the peer-reviewed literature.
Long, J.M., A.T. Taylor, B. Chapagain, and O. Joshi. 2020. Stream size affects angler catch and attitudes toward black bass in Ozark streams. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Little Rock, Arkansas.	February 2020	To better understand how anglers interact with black bass fisheries in streams of varying sizes, we conducted an angler tag-return study and a creel survey in three tributary streams of Lake Tenkiller, OK, from May to August of 2019. Our results illustrated that different socioeconomic populations of anglers are drawn to different streams, yet trends in catch and harvest appeared consistent across the study area.
Long, J.M., A.T. Taylor, B. Chapagain and O. Joshi. 2020. Angler catch and attitudes toward black bass in Oklahoma Ozark streams. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Norman, Oklahoma.	February 2020	To better understand how anglers interact with these resources, we conducted an angler tag-return study and a creel survey in three tributary streams of Lake Tenkiller, OK, from May to August of 2019. . Angler demographics also varied greatly by stream, with Caney Creek anglers traveling less distance on average, and from areas representative of lower mean household incomes, than anglers using the other two streams.
Long, J.M. and J.J. Schaffler. 2012. Potential for determining origin of paddlefish using otolith geochemistry. Annual meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2012
Long, J.M. and C. Tanner. 2013. Effects of water quantity on fish communities in the upper Cimarron River. Oklahoma Water Research Symposium, Midwest City, Oklahoma.	October 2013	This work demonstrates trends in fish communities as it relates to water quantity.
Long, J.M. and A.T. Taylor. 2022. Managing for black bass diversity in the southeast: a linchpin connecting people to natural resources. Southeastern Fishes Council annual meeting, Athens, Georgia.	November 2022	Black bass are iconic sport fishes and are collectively the most sought-after species in freshwaters of the US. As a sport fish, the black bass group provides a direct link to humans via angling and are thus particularly valued by state natural resource agencies. Ultimately, management of black bass diversity could benefit humans by providing for more natural environments to enjoy.
Long, J.M. and A.T. Taylor. 2020. Black bass diversity: conserving native species in their native habitats with a focus on endemic species in the southeast. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Columbus, Ohio.	September 2020	Since the Black Bass 2000 (BB2K) Symposium highlighted the paucity of peer-reviewed studies on rare black bass species at the time, interest in conserving fluvial, endemic black bass species of the southeastern United States has grown among scientists, resource managers, and anglers. With increased interest, there is now an emerging need to integrate studies of taxonomy, conservation genetics, population dynamics, and human interaction to create effective range-wide management and conservation
Long, J.M. 2017. The role of taxonomy in black bass diversity and implications for management and conservation. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL.	August 2017	Taxonomy exemplifies the connection between the basic science of naming things and the applied science of conservation and management. Using examples from the history of black bass taxonomy, the role of the North Model of Wildlife Management in conserving freshwater fishes, and trends in angling activity, I will discuss how taxonomy has impacted black bass conservation and management.
Long, J.M. 2011. Conditions of fish habitat in Oklahoma tailwaters: a survey of fisheries managers. Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Nashville, TN.	October 2011
Logue, D.R., R. Mollenhauer, and S.K. Brewer. 2015. Occupancy of Heavyweight Rivers by a Bantamweight Broadcast Spawning Cyprinid. Annual Meeting of the OK Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Tulsa.	February 2015	It has been speculated that the establishment of the non native Red River Shiner Notropis bairdi in the Cimarron River reduces the chance of Arkansas River Shiner recovery. This study examined the habitat occupancy of both Notropis species in the Arkansas River Drainage, Oklahoma to determine if there was an overlap of their ecological niche.
Logue, D.R., R. Mollenhauer, S.K. Brewer. 2015. COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS OF TWO PELAGIC BROADCAST SPAWNING CYPRINIDS OF THE GREAT PLAINS. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Savannah.	January 2014	Invasive species are a primary threat to southwestern rivers. Historically, Arkansas River Shiner Notropis girardi has been a characteristic species in both the Cimarron and South Canadian rivers. However, this fish species is currently listed as threatened by the USFWS due to major anthropogenic alterations to the stream landscape. It has been speculated that the establishment of the invasive Red River Shiner Notropis bairdi in the Cimarron River reduces the chance of recovery of Arkansas Rive
Logue, D., R. Mollenhauer, and S.K. Brewer. 2015. Investigating the effect of a non-native broadcast spawning minnow in a Great Plains stream, an occupancy approach Student Water Conference, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	March 2015	It has been speculated that the establishment of the non native Red River Shiner Notropis bairdi in the Cimarron River reduces the chance of Arkansas River Shiner recovery. This study examined the habitat occupancy of both Notropis species in the Arkansas River Drainage, Oklahoma to determine if there was an overlap of their ecological niche.
Logue, D, R Mollenhauer, SK Brewer. 2016. Habitat Associations of Two Pelagic Broadcast Spawning Cyprinids in the Arkansas River Drainage. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City, OK.	February 2016	It has been speculated that the establishment of the non-native Red River Shiner Notropis bairdi in the Cimarron River reduces the chance of Arkansas River Shiner recovery. However, little evidence exists of ecological relationships between the species that may promote interspecific competition. This study examined the habitat occupancy of both Arkansas River Shiner and Red River Shiner in the Arkansas River basin, Oklahoma to determine if there was an ecological-niche overlap.
Logue, D, R Mollenhauer, SK Brewer. 2016. Detection estimates and habitat occupancy of two pelagic broadcast spawning cyprinids. Oklahoma EPSCoR Annual State Conference, Norman OK	December 2015	It has been speculated that the establishment of the non-native Red River Shiner Notropis bairdi reduces the chance of Arkansas River Shiner recovery but little evidence exists of ecological relationships between the species that may promote interspecific competition. However, detection error is rarely accounted for when sampling riverine fish assemblages which may lead to false conclusions. This study examined the habitat occupancy of both Arkansas River Shiner and Red River Shiner in the Arka
Logan, D., S. W. Hallgren, D. S. Wilson, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2012. Prescibed burning effects on soil carbon in upland oak forest. 5th International Fire Ecology and Management Congress, Portland, OR.	December 2012	Soil organ carbon (SOC) appeared to be strongly influenced by site characteristics affected by prescribed fire, such as soil texture, temperature, moisture, vegetation differences and history of land use. In addition to large differences in SOC among sites, there was an important effect of frequency of prescribed fire and mid-story vegetation cover.
Lindsey A. Bruckerhoff, Kevin Wheeler, Kimberly L. Dibble, Bryce A. Mihalevich, Bethany T. Neilson, Jian Wang, Charles B. Yackulic, and John. C. Schmidt. Response of Colorado River Ecosystems to Water Storage Decisions and Consumptive Use Constrain Ecosystem Management under Severe Sustained Drought. Desert Fishes Council Annual Meeting, November 2021. Virtual.	November 2021	This works compares the outcome of different broad scale water management decisions crossed with water use scenarios in the Colorado River basin. The results of this work highlight tradeoffs among different management decisions for ecosystem management flexibility.
Levesque, L. R., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 27 September 2001. Habitat use by raccoons and opossums at multiple scales in the Cross Timbers ecoregion of Oklahoma. 8th Annual Conference of The Wildlidfe Society, Reno, NV.	September 2001
Levesque, L. P., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 3 August 2000. Effects of habitat manipulations on mesocarnivores in the Cross Timbers Ecoregion. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Kingfisher, OK.	August 2000
Levesque, L. P., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 October 2001. Raccoon and opossum habitat use at multiple scales in the Oklahoma Cross Timbers. The Changing Ecology of Oklahoma, Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma Section of the Society for Range Management, Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Oklahoma Ornithological Society, and Oklahoma Native Plant Society, Stillwater, OK.	October 2001
Levesque, L. P., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 June 2000. Demographic of mesocarnivores in the Cross Timbers Ecoregion. 80th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammologists, Durham, NH.	June 2000
Levesque, L. P., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 17 June 2001. Raccoon and opossum habitat use at multiple scales in the Oklahoma Cross timbers. 81st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Missoula, MT.	June 2001
Levesque, L. P., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 15 September 2000. Effects of habitat manipulations on mesocarnivores in the Cross Timbers Ecoregion. 7th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Nashville, TN.	September 2000
Levesque, L. P., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 14 November 1998. Mesocarnivores, cross timbers, and landscape manipulations. 87TH Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Tahlequah, OK.	November 1998
Levesque, L. P., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 14 February 2000. Implications of habitat change on the mesocarnivore community in the cross timbers. 53rd Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management, Boise, ID.	February 2000
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and R. L. Lochmiller. 13 September 1997. Wildlife responses to brush management in the cross timbers. Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma Section of the Society for Range Management and the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Stillwater, OK.	September 1997
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and M. J. Hamilton. 22 June 2008. Mammalian Species: monographs with impact. 88th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Brookings, SD.	June 2008
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and G. K. Wood. 1 November 1997. Interior least terns nesting on the Arkansas River: scouring flows and colony placement. 37TH Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Ornithological Society, Stillwater, OK.	November 1997
Leslie, D. M., Jr., G. K. Wood, and T. S. Carter. 6 October 1997. Attributes of least tern colonies along the Arkansas River, Oklahoma. 51ST Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Oklahoma City, OK.	October 1997
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 1 November 1997. Teaming with Wildlife: the need, the hope, and the ins-and-outs. 37TH Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Ornithological Society, Stillwater, OK.	November 1997
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 5 October 2007. A publishing partnership for the digital age. Adapting to Change: Best Practice and New Technologies, Allen Press Editorial Seminar, Lawrence, KS.	October 2007
Leis, S.A., D.M. Engle, D.M. Leslie, Jr. and J.S. Fehmi. 4 August 2004. Mixed-grass prairie response to a gradient of anthropogenic soil disturbance. 89th Annual Meeting of the EcologicalSociety of America, Portland, OR.	August 2004
Leis, S. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., D. M. Engle, and J. S. Fehmi. 16 February 2006. Small mammal response to long- and short-term disturbance in a mixed prairie: a different footprint. 59TH Annual Meeting of the Society for Range Management, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.	February 2006
Leis, S. A., D. M. Engle, D. M. Leslie, Jr., J. S. Fehmi, J. Kretzer, and R. E. Webb. 20 August 2003. Effects of military training on grasslands at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. 12th Annual Workshop of the Integrated Training Area Management Program, El Paso, TX	August 2003
Leis, S. A., D. M. Engle, D. M. Leslie, Jr., J. S. Fehmi, J. Kretzer, and E. Webb. 7 November 2003. Effects of military training on grasslands at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. 92nd Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 2003
Laughlin, L. D.P. Hahn, M.T. Turnley, M.M. Dart, C. Rickels, L.J. Heffelfinger, E.P. Tanner, M.J. Cherry, R.W. DeYoung, H.G. Wang, W.S. Fairbanks, M.C. Chitwood, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2024. Prevalence of Oklahoma pronghorn in the diets of coyotes. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	We conducted coyote scat surveys and used scats to estimate the prevalence of pronghorn—an iconic big game species in decline—in coyote diets using a combination of identification of prey through indigestible remains and diet metabarcoding. Our results will be used to inform managers of predation risk for pronghorn neonates and shed light on how landcover affects predation risk.
L. Bruckerhoff, C. Yackulic, D. Eppehimer, K. Bestgen, and J. Schmidt. 2022. Identifying demographic uncertainties and vulnerabilities in an invasive Smallmouth Bass population: Implications for reservoir management and mechanical removal efforts. Desert Fishes Council, St. George Utah.	November 2022	This presentation describes a demographic model for non-native smallmouth bass and assess population responses to simulated designer flows and removal efforts.
Koeck, M., C. Ellis, M. Cherry, W.S. Fairbanks, L. Heffelfinger, R.C. Lonsinger, A. Moeller, M.C. Chitwood. 2024. Evaluating the interactions between mule deer and white-tailed deer in western Oklahoma. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	We will evaluate the effects of white-tailed deer presence on a low-density mule deer population using camera trapping data and co-occurrence modeling. Our results can help optimize sampling techniques and improve efforts to monitor and managing mesocarnivores.
Kleeberg, B.A., W.S. Fairbanks, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Landscape influences on American black bear space use and detection in a dynamic Ecosystem. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY	November 2023	We used camera traps and a single-season occupancy modeling framework to identify factors influencing black bear detection and space use patterns in the panhandle of Oklahoma. Our results will provide baseline data on spatial distribution and expansion of black bears in the region and identify factors that may drive bear-human conflicts.
Kleeberg, B.A., W.S. Fairbanks, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Evaluating the influence of scent lures on American black bear (Ursus americanus) detection in western Oklahoma . 25th Eastern Black Bear Workshop, Trego, WI.	April 2023	Camera traps are frequently used as a noninvasive monitoring technique and can be particularly beneficial when monitoring highly mobile species, but variation in the effect of olfactory attractants on detection rates may need to be accounted for to optimize sampling efforts. We tested four scent lures (beaver castor lure, skunk-based lure, blueberry-based lure , and diluted anise oil lure) on the daily probability of detection for black bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) and our results demonstrat
Kleeberg, B.A., W.S. Fairbanks, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Evaluating the influence of scent lures on American black bear (Ursus americanus) detection in Oklahoma. 13th International Mammalogical Congress, Anchorage, AK.	July 2023	Cameras are frequently used as a noninvasive technique for monitoring mobile species with the use of olfactory attractants being used to increase detections when mobile species use an area intermittently. We tested the influence of four scent lures on black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) detection rates to inform future monitoring efforts.
Kleeberg, B.A., W.S. Fairbanks, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Assessing the population of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in western Oklahoma. Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Edmond, OK.	February 2023	American black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) sightings have increased in the panhandle of western Oklahoma prompting an assessment of the bear population in the area. We are conducting a noninvasive study to evaluate black bear space use and genetic connectivity with potential source populations; to date, we estimated a naïve occupancy of 23.75%, collected 144 genetic samples, and documented the presence of cubs at two sites.
Kleeberg, B.A., W.S. Fairbanks, J.R. Adams, L.P. Waits, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2024. Estimating population genetic structure and genetic diversity of black bears in western Oklahoma. Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Edmond, OK.	February 2024	In recent years, there has been an increase in black bear observations in the Oklahoma panhandle, but the origin of these bears is unknown. We collected genetic samples of bears in western Oklahoma (via hair snares) and northern New Mexico (via harvest) to assess population genetic structure and quantify the magnitude of observed differentiation.
Kleeberg, B. A., W. S. Fairbanks, R. C. Lonsinger. 2022. Assessing the population of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in western Oklahoma. Central Plains Society of Mammalogists meeting, Forsyth, MO.	October 2022	American black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) sightings have increased in the panhandle of western Oklahoma prompting an assessment of the bear population in the area. We are conducting a non-invasive study to evaluate black bear space use and genetic connectivity with potential source populations.
Kelly, B. and L. A. Bruckerhoff. Community Shifts and Environmental Drivers of Fish Communities in Intermittent Streams of Southeast Oklahoma. Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society.	August 2022	This study quantified shifts in stream fish community structure in response to drying. This study will inform management of intermittent streams as climate change will likely lead to changes in drying regimes.
Joyce, P., J.M. Long, R.C. Lonsinger, and L.A. Bruckerhoff. 2023. Utility of Down-Scan Sonar for Identifying and Counting Paddlefish in a Large Reservoir. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watershed annual meeting. Stillwater, Oklahoma.	April 2023	Down scan sonar has the added ability to estimate depth of fish in addition to depth of water, opening up the ability of this tool to study the ecology of this species. After adjusting for detection by distance, density estimates from down scan sonar were nearly identical to those from side scan sonar.
Josh Johnston, Thomas Worthington, and Shannon K. Brewer. 2017. Population responses of Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus in the Arkansas and Red River basins to landscape characteristics . Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Annual Meeting, Oklahoma City.	February 2017	Little is known about sturgeon populations at the SW extent of the range, but understanding factors related to their current distributions may facilitate conservation or recovery options. We compiled available occurrence records for Shovelnose Sturgeon from 1997 to 2016 within the two basins from museum collections, species databases, state agencies, angler reports, and recent collections from the Arkansas River, Oklahoma.
Jones, G.E., W.W. Hoback, and J.M. Long. 2024. Farm ponds without fish have higher macroinvertebrate diversity at the Osage Nation Ranch, Oklahoma. Southwestern Branch Entomological Society annual meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico.	April 2024	Constructed ponds, the dominant lentic ecosystem in the Great Plains, provide water for livestock and are commonly stocked with fish for recreational purposes. We found that fish presence did not significantly affect macroinvertebrate abundance, but in ponds with fish, macroinvertebrate communities were more similar in composition and less diverse than those found in fishless ponds.
Jones, G.E., W.W. Hoback, and J.M. Long. 2023. Macroinvertebrate Diversity and the Effect of Fish in Farm Ponds on the Osage Nation Ranch. American Indian Science and Engineering Society Conference, Spokane, WA.	October 2023	Fishless ponds are increasingly being recognized as important for maintaining macroinvertebrate diversity, and macroinvertebrate assemblages often differ from those of ponds with fish. Fishless ponds contained 2,309 individuals whereas ponds and creeks with fish contained 892.
Jones, G.E., W.W. Hoback, and J.M. Long. 2023. Fish alter macroinvertebrate communities in recently flooded ponds. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watershed annual meeting. Stillwater, Oklahoma.	April 2023	Fishless ponds are increasingly being recognized as important for maintaining macroinvertebrate diversity, and macroinvertebrate assemblages often differ from those of ponds with fish. Fishless ponds contained more Dytiscidae, Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, Stratiomyidae, and Baetidae than fishless ponds, which were dominated by Odonata.
Jones, G.E., W.W. Hoback, and J.M. Long. 2023. Fish alter macroinvertebrate communities in recently flooded ponds. Joint Northcentral and Southwestern Branch Meeting, Entomological Society of America. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.	April 2023	Fishless ponds are increasingly being recognized as important for maintaining macroinvertebrate diversity, and macroinvertebrate assemblages often differ from those of ponds with fish. Fishless ponds contained more Dytiscidae, Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, Stratiomyidae, and Baetidae than fishless ponds, which were dominated by Odonata.
Jones, G.E., W.W. Hoback, and J.M. Long. 2022. Fish impact macroinvertebrate communities in recently flooded ponds. Oklahoma Governor's Water Conference, Midwest City.	December 2022	Constructed ponds, the dominant lentic ecosystem in the Great Plains, are commonly stocked with bluegill (<i>Lepomis macrochirus</i>) and largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Preliminary results indicate that fishless ponds contain over five times the amount of invertebrates compared to ponds stocked with fish.
Jolley, J., B. Gray, A. Herndon, J. Oliver, D. Chapman, M.J. Weber, and J.M. Long. 2022. Silver Carp age estimation: the pursuit of a gold standard. American Fisheries Society annual meeting, Spokane, Washington.	August 2022	We convened a workshop of 12 scientists to provide age estimates, discuss challenges, and provide recommendations for standard methods in preparation and age estimation and to identify knowledge gaps. Precision of age estimates of the same set of fish were remarkably improved (CVs decreased by >10%), and reader agreement increased after implementation of the standard rules.
Johnston, J. and SK Brewer. 2015. Seeking Rare Fish in a Fragmented, Hydropower Driven, Metro-Area, Braided Prairie Stream: Exceptions to the Rules.Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Tulsa.	February 2015	Development of new collecting methodologies, hydrological manipulation, interagency collaboration, and persistence resulted in the capture of 29 adult shovelnose sturgeon in 30 days. These hybridized methods are described here in addition to a preview of ODWC’s foray into shovelnose sturgeon research, conservation, and management in Oklahoma.
Johnston, J, S.K. Brewer, B. Brown, and J. Burroughs. 2013. Identifying the Current Distribution of Shovelnose Sturgeon in Eastern Oklahoma: The First Assessment at the Southwestern Extent of the Species Range. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Nashville.	February 2013	Little is known about sturgeon populations in Oklahoma rivers. Increasing pressure on water resources, combined with drought conditions, prompted agencies to begin assessing the distribution, movement, and growth of shovelnose sturgeon in these highly fragmented river systems.
Johnston, J and SK Brewer. 2016. A synthesis of methods for sampling Shovelnose Sturgeon and the realities for sampling a highly altered system of the Great Plains. Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Wheeling, WV.	February 2016	Shovelnose Sturgeon is the smallest and most abundant sturgeon in North America. However, numbers have declined over the past century as a result of over-harvest, habitat fragmentation, and pollution. In response, many states have developed standardized sampling procedures and management plans for the species. Our objective was to provide a comprehensive review of sampling gears used to capture Shovelnose Sturgeon throughout their range and then report on the effectiveness of some of these g
Johnston, J and SK Brewer. 2016. A synthesis of methods for sampling Shovelnose Sturgeon and the realities for sampling a highly altered system of the Great Plains. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City, OK.	February 2016	Shovelnose Sturgeon is the smallest and most abundant sturgeon in North America. However, numbers have declined over the past century as a result of over-harvest, habitat fragmentation, and pollution. In response, many states have developed standardized sampling procedures and management plans for the species. Our objective was to provide a comprehensive review of sampling gears used to capture Shovelnose Sturgeon throughout their range and then report on the effectiveness of some of these g
Johnston J. and S.K. Brewer. 2015.Seeking Rare Fish in a Fragmented, Hydropower Driven, Metro-Area: Exceptions to the Rules. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Savannah.	January 2015	Use of published capture methodologies for shovelnose sturgeon (including trotlines, gill nets, hoop nets, trammel nets, seines, and benthic trawls) were largely inappropriate in this system due to the unique, shallow, and fragmented prairie river habitats in addition to hydropower water management and urban access issues. We describe the development of new collecting methodologies that resulted in the capture of 29 adult shovelnose sturgeon that were tagged for an acoustic telemetry study.
John C. Dattilo, Shannon K. Brewer, and Daniel E. Shoup. 2017.Influence of hydrology on the age-specific abundance and growth of freshwater drum and gizzard shad from lotic and lentic habitats. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Tampa.	August 2017	Environmental conditions influence fish production. Riverine fishes rely on seasonal flow fluctuations, whereas reservoir species have different amounts of cover available when water levels fluctuate. The age and growth distributions of these populations are differentially affected by flows and there are likely tradeoffs to managing water to benefit each system. We sampled fishes in summer and autumn 2016 to: 1) calculate catch curve residuals as an index of year class strength and 2) calculate
John C. Dattilo, Shannon K. Brewer, and Daniel E. Shoup. 2017.Influence of hydrology on the age-specific abundance and growth of freshwater drum and gizzard shad from lotic and lentic habitats in Oklahoma. Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Annual Meeting, Oklahoma City.	February 2017	Environmental conditions influence fish production. Riverine fishes rely on seasonal flow fluctuations, whereas reservoir species have different amounts of cover available when water levels fluctuate. The age and growth distributions of these populations are differentially affected by flows and there are likely tradeoffs to managing water to benefit each system. We sampled fishes in summer and autumn 2016 to: 1) calculate catch curve residuals as an index of year class strength and 2) calculate
Johansen, E., S. F. Fox, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and T. Patton. 2010. Aquatic turtles in eastern Oklahoma: Cause for concern? 8th Annual Symposium on the Conservation and Biology of Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles, Orlando, FL.	August 2010
Jin, X., T. Worthington, and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Ecohydrological model synthesis for landscpae conservation under climate change. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds, Stillwater.	April 2013	We identify the capability and assumptions of commonly used hydrolic models to be linked to commonly used fisheries models to adress questions at larger spatial scales.
Jenks, J. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. L. Lcohmiller. 27 September 1997. Influence of digestive morphology on sexual segregation of white-tailed deer. 4TH Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Snowmass Village, CO.	September 1997
J.R. Johnson and J.M. Long. 2016. OCCUPANCY MODELING AS A TOOL TO DELINEATE INVASIVE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN RESERVOIR RIPARIAN AREAS. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association Annual Meeting, Stillwater, OK.	March 2016	Detection and subsequent prediction is imperative for effective invasive species management. Occupancy modeling in a geospatial environment not only informs management for suppression and eradication efforts, but also for future monitoring to document newly invaded sites to prevent further spread.
J.R. Johnson and J.M. Long 2017. Hydrologic factors associated with detection and occupancy of riparian areas by Asian Swamp Eel in the Chattahoochee River system, Georgia. The Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society Spring Meeting, Oklahoma City, OK.	February 2017	Heterogeneous hydrologic conditions are a significant factor when determining Asian Swamp Eel detection and occupancy probability. Further studies of species subject to variable hydrology should incorporate hydrologic factors into detection probability to garner more informed population level knowledge.
J.R. Johnson and J.M. Long 2016. Hydrologic factors associated with detection and occupancy of riparian areas by Asian Swamp Eel in the Chattahoochee River system, Georgia. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Mo.	August 2016	Heterogeneous hydrologic conditions are a significant factor when determining Asian Swamp Eel detection and occupancy probability. Further studies of species subject to variable hydrology should incorporate hydrologic factors into detection probability to garner more informed population level knowledge.
J.J. Powers, S.K. Brewer, J.M. Long, and T. Campbell. 2013. Locating freshwater mussel beds in turbid prairie rivers using sidescan sonar. 7th Annual Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Conference. October 13.	October 2013	Freshwater mussels in deep turbid waters are difficult to locate and therefore prevent appropriate conservation planning.
J Kennan, S Brewer, T Worthington, B Vieux, and W Andrews. 2015. Spatial variation in the fish assemblage of a large Great Plains river. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society	August 2015	Changes to riverine systems are multifaceted with flow modifications a driver of changing channel and habitat conditions. The flow regime of the Canadian River, located in the US Great Plains, has been fragmented by major reservoirs constructed for human and agricultural uses. Our objective was to simulate discharge and relate changes in fish assemblages to altered flow metrics.
Hubler, S., B.A. Kleeberg, J.M. Humm, C.N. Dotterweich, R.C. Lonsinger, and W.S. Fairbanks. 2024. Comparison of black bear (Ursus americanus) diets in eastern and western Oklahoma. American Society of Mammalogists Annual Meeting, Boulder, CO.	June 2024	We compared diets of black bears in western and eastern Oklahoma using DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples. The only vertebrate DNA detected in black bear scat was black bear and no invertebrate DNA was detected; diet in eastern and western Oklahoma included plants from 14 and 16 families, respectively.
Horncastle, V. J., E. C. Hellgren, P. M. Mayer, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 26 September 2002. Associations of eastern redcedar and community structure of small mammals. 9th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Bismarck, ND.	September 2002
Horncastle, V. J., E. C. Hellgren, P. M. Mayer, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 April 2003. Effects of eastern red cedar on small mammal community structure in the Oklahoma cross timbers. 50th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Norman, OK.	April 2003
Horncastle, V. J., E. C. Hellgren, P. M. Mayer, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 16 June 2002. Associations of eastern redcedar on community structure of small mammals. 82nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Lake Charles, LA.	June 2002
Horncastle, V. J., E. C. Hellgren, P. M. Mayer, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 10 September 2003. Effects of eastern redcedar on small mammal community structure in the Oklahoma crosstimbers. 10th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Burlington, VT.	September 2003
Horncastle, V. J., E. C. Hellgren, P. M. Mayer, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1 November 2002. Associations of eastern redcedar and community structure of small mammals. 91ST Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 2002
Hood, E., J. Schooley, A. Dzialowski, C. Pennock, D.E. Shoup, and J.M. Long. 2024. Evaluating the effect of turbidity on foraging by post-larval Paddlefish. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Chattanooga, Tennessee.	February 2024	Previous studies evaluating restoration success of Paddlefish (<i>Polyodon spathula</i>) suggested excessive turbidity in lakes and rivers may inhibit foraging by juveniles prior to the development of the rostrum. Preliminary results indicate a weak, but positive relationship between number of zooplankton consumed and Secchi depth transparency, suggesting turbidity may inhibit foraging by juvenile Paddlefish before the rostrum is fully developed.
Hood, E., J. Schooley, A. Dzialowski, C. Pennock, D.E. Shoup, and J.M. Long. 2023. Evaluating the effect of turbidity on foraging by post-larval Paddlefish. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Grand Rapids, Michigan.	August 2023	Previous studies evaluating restoration success of Paddlefish (<i>Polyodon spathula</i>) suggested excessive turbidity in lakes and rivers may inhibit foraging by juveniles prior to the development of the rostrum. Preliminary results indicate a weak, but positive relationship between number of zooplankton consumed and Secchi depth transparency, suggesting turbidity may inhibit foraging by juvenile Paddlefish before the rostrum is fully developed.
Honrcastle, V., E. C. Hellgren, P. Mayer, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 27 February 2003. Associations of eastern redcedar and community sturture of small mammals. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2003
Holley, C.T., and J.M. Long. 2018. Evaluating the success of translocation efforts for a rare darter species in Oklahoma. Annual Meeting for the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Puerto Rico, US.	March 2018	Currently, little is known regarding the status of state-endangered Longnose Darter (Percina nasuta) within Oklahoma. Results from this study will used to further manage for this state-endangered stream fish.
Holley, C.T., Feng, X., Papes, M., Taylor, A.T., and J.M. Long. 2017. Range-wide ecological niche model for the state-endangered Longnose Darter. Poster presented at: Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa, OK.	February 2017	Currently, little is known regarding the status of state-endangered Longnose Darters (Percina nasuta) within Oklahoma. Results from this model will be used to develop a sampling program for Longnose Darters in the Poteau River system in Oklahoma.
Holley, C.T., A.T. Taylor, and J.M. Long. 2017. Resample, recapture, and re-analyze: Using the 3 R’s to resurrect the scale method of estimating fish age. Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Oklahoma City, OK.	February 2017	As imperilment of freshwater fishes increases, non-lethal yet reliable age and growth data is becoming more important. Our results show promise for this method using scales to obtain accurate, non-lethal age estimates of stream-dwelling centrarchid fishes.
Holley, C.T., A.T. Taylor, and J.M. Long. 2016. Resample, recapture, and re-analyze: Using the 3 R’s to resurrect the scale method of estimating fish age. Annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Kansas City, MO.	August 2016	As imperilment of freshwater fishes increases, non-lethal yet reliable age and growth data is becoming more important. Our results show promise for this method using scales to obtain accurate, non-lethal age estimates of stream-dwelling centrarchid fishes.
Holley, C. T., J. M. Long, and M. Papes. 2018. A multi-scale evaluation of darter community habitat associations to aid conservation of species of conservation concern. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa, OK.	February 2018	Understanding the species-environment relationships for a larger species assemblage may help elucidate factors associated with species of conservation concern that are rarely encountered. Results from this study will used to further manage for these species of conservation concern.
Holley, C. T., J. M. Long, and M. Papes. 2017. Evaluation of the translocation success of a rare darter species in Oklahoma. Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Fishes Council, Chattanooga, TN.	November 2017	Currently, little is known regarding the status of state-endangered Longnose Darter (Percina nasuta) within Oklahoma. Results from this study will used to further manage for this state-endangered stream fish.
Hixson, K. M., S. J. Slater, R. N. Knight, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2021. Seasonal variation in resource selection by subadult golden eagles in a military operational area in the Great Basin Desert. National Military Fish & Wildlife Association Workshop, Virtual.	March 2021	We investigated the ecology of subadult golden eagles critical to ensuring recruitment into the breeding population and promoting population viability. Our models had high predictive power, suggested seasonal variation in subadult golden eagle distributions, and can help support natural resource planning and decision making.
Hill, J, R Mollenhauer, and SK Brewer. Synthesizing our current understanding about the effectiveness of gear types for sampling fish populations. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	Investigators and managers rely on accurate population surveys to assess the structure of fish assemblages and to make sound decisions. Several sampling gear choices are available and the choice may be dictated by both the project objective and the species of interest. Our objective was to document our current understanding of sampling gear efficiency for freshwater fishes in a variety of aquatic ecosystems.
Hallgren, S. W., J. A. Polo, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2012. Consumption of oak forest litter by low intensity formant season rescribed fire. 5th International Fire Ecology and Management Congress, Portland, OR.	December 2012	Litter layer is important for carbon sequestration, biogeochemical cycles, wildlife habitat and protection against soil erosion. We estimated the percent of litter production removed by fire and microbes. Burning the forest every four years, a common practice in the region, consumed approximately 50% of litter production.
Hahn, D.P., R.C. Lonsinger, M.C. Chitwood, M.T. Turnley, M.M. Dart, L.J. Heffelfinger, E.P. Tanner, M.J. Cherry, R.W. DeYoung, G. Wang, and W.S. Fairbanks. 2024. Factors influencing pronghorn fawn survival in a declining population. 30th Biennial Pronghorn Workshop, Redmond, OR.	June 2024	This study evaluated environmental and biological factors influencing pronghorn fawn survival in western Oklahoma. Our results indicated fawn survival was low and that predation was the leading cause of mortality; these results will inform managers to balance pronghorn population needs with harvest opportunities.
Hahn, D.P., R.C. Lonsinger, M.C. Chitwood, M.T. Turnley, M.M. Dart, L.J. Heffelfinger, E.P. Tanner, M.J. Cherry, R.W. DeYoung, G. Wang, and W.S. Fairbanks. 2024. Cropland influences on pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) behavior in the Oklahoma Panhandle. Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Edmond, OK.	February 2024	Land conversion and habitat fragmentation may lead to a shift in how pronghorn use the landscape and generate changes in individual behaviors, including predator detection and avoidance strategies. To evaluate how croplands influence the trade-off between vigilance and foraging behavior of the Oklahoma population, we conducted behavioral observations of GPS-collared females.
Hahn, D.P., R.C. Lonsinger, M.C. Chitwood, M.T. Turnley, M.M. Dart, L.J. Heffelfinger, E.P. Tanner, M.J. Cherry, R.W. DeYoung, G. Wang, and W.S. Fairbanks. 2023. Factors influencing pronghorn fawn survival in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY	November 2023	We captured, collared, and tracked the fate of pronghorn fawns in the Oklahoma Panhandle to evaluate the influence of fawn survival on population demographics. These data will inform managers on the factors influencing pronghorn population trends in the Oklahoma Panhandle and allow managers to balance pronghorn population needs with harvest opportunities.
Hahn, D.P., R.C. Lonsinger, M.C. Chitwood, M.T. Turnley, M.M. Dart, L.J. Heffelfinger, E.P. Tanner, M.J. Cherry, R.W. DeYoung, G. Wang, W.S. Fairbanks. 2023. Population Demography of Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in western Oklahoma. Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Edmond, OK.	February 2023	Pronghorn (<i>Antilocapra americana</i>) populations in the panhandle of western Oklahoma are suspected to be in decline, potentially due to low fawn recruitment. To evaluate the status and potential drivers of the pronghorn population, we have been investigating pronghorn recruitment, survival, and cause-specific mortality to inform management decisions.
Hahn, D. P., R. C. Lonsinger, M. C. Chitwood, M. T. Turnley, M. M. Dart, L. J. Heffelfinger, E. P. Tanner, M. J. Cherry, R. W. DeYoung, G. Wang, W. S. Fairbanks. 2022. Population Demography and Survival of Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in western Oklahoma. Central Plains Society of Mammalogists meeting, Forsyth, MO.	October 2022	Pronghorns (<i>Antilocapra americana</i>) in the panhandle of western Oklahoma are suspected to be in decline. We are investigating pronghorn recruitment, survival, and cause-specific mortality to inform future management decisions.
Hafen, T., A.T. Taylor, D. Hendrickson, D.R. Stewart, J.M. Long. 2019. Landscape modeling of threatened Yaqui Catfish in a data limited environment. Desert Fishes Council, Alpine, Texas.	November 2019	Yaqui Catfish (Ictalurus pricei) is an understudied species with limited data on their distribution and habitat use. Predictive performance of this model was assessed with receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (ROC AUC), which was relatively good at 0.73. Based on this model, Yaqui Catfish have suitable habitat in 78% of the Yaqui Basin.
Hafen, T., A.T. Taylor, D. Hendrickson, D.R. Stewart, J.M. Long. 2019. Landscape modeling of threatened Yaqui Catfish in a data limited environment. Catfish 2020, Little Rock, Arkansas	February 2020	Yaqui Catfish (Ictalurus pricei) is an understudied species with limited data on their distribution and habitat use. Predictive performance of this model was assessed with receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (ROC AUC), which was relatively good at 0.73. Based on this model, Yaqui Catfish have suitable habitat in 78% of the Yaqui Basin.
Hafen, T. A. Taylor, D. A. Hendrickson, D. R. Stewart and J. M. Long. 2020. Environmental DNA (eDNA) to assess the distribution of Yaqui Catfish (Ictalurus pricei) in the Yaqui River basin of Mexico. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Columbus, Ohio.	September 2020	We are determining the distribution of federally threatened Yaqui Catfish in the Yaqui River basin. We are also finding what factors may be important for Yaqui Catfish distribution.
Hackler, J. C., R. A. Van Den Bussche, S. Donelson, S. F. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 5 November 2004. Preliminary phylogeographic analysis of Oklahoma alligator snapping turtles. 92RD Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Edmund, OK.	November 2004
Hackler, J. C., R. A. Van Den Bussche, J. Roman, S. F. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 10 July 2005. Microsatellite variation and population structure of alligator snapping turtles. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Tampa, FL.	July 2005
Gunn, J.C., L.K. Berkman, S. Brewer, J.M. Long, A.T. Taylor, and L.S. Eggert. 2020. Harnessing genomics for conservation of the endemic Neosho Smallmouth Bass in the central Interior Highlands. Ecological Society of American annual meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah.	August 2020	We conducted double-digest restriction enzyme associated DNA sequencing to genotype over 127,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 64 Neosho Smallmouth, 24 Northern Smallmouth, and 4 Spotted Bass (outgroup) distributed across the central Interior Highlands. We found strong differentiation between the Neosho Smallmouth Bass and Northern Smallmouth Bass in the central Interior Highlands and, within the Neosho native range, we found complex patterns of population structure, identifying tw
Gunn, J.C., L.K. Berkman, S. Brewer, J.M. Long, A.T. Taylor, and L.S. Eggert. 2020. Genomic Divergence, Admixture, and Signatures of Local Adaptation in the Subspecies of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu velox). Missouri Natural Resources Conference, Osage Beach, Missouri.	February 2020	We used a reduced-representation sequencing method (double digest RAD-seq) to genotype 127,428 SNPs for 95 individuals to examine evolutionary divergence and hybridization between the widespread Northern Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu dolomieu) and the narrowly-distributed Neosho Smallmouth Bass (M. d. velox) where their ranges naturally meet in the Central Interior Highlands (CIH). Ultimately, we found unique evolutionary paths for the Smallmouth Bass subspecies and reveal previously un
Gunn, J.C., L.K. Berkman, A.T. Taylor, J.B. Koppelman, S.K. Brewer, J.M. Long, T.N. Volkers, E. Sterling, M. Moore, and L.S. Eggert. 2022. Divergence, admixture, and fitness in the Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). American Fisheries Society annual meeting, Spokane, Washington.	August 2022	Recent analyses have warranted elevation of the Neosho Smallmouth Bass, formerly a subspecies of the globally popular Smallmouth Bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>), to species status as Neosho Bass (<i>Micropterus velox</i>). We show these species are evolutionarily distinct units that have hybridized, possibly impacting long-term fitness and warranting updated management protocols.
Gunn, J.C., L.K. Berkman, A.T. Taylor, J.B. Koppelman, S. Brewer, J.M. Long, T.N. Volkers, E. Sterling, M. Moore. and L.S. Eggert. 2022. Divergence, admixture, and fitness in the Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Missouri Natural Resources Conference, Lake of the Ozarks.	February 2022	The Neosho Smallmouth Bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu velox</i>), one of two recognized subspecies, is restricted to the Arkansas River Basin (ARB), but non-native Northern Smallmouth Bass (<i>M. d. dolomieu</i>) has been widely introduced for angling. We show these subspecies to be independent lineages that have hybridized, possibly generating fitness differences between ancestral and admixed populations.
Guertault, L., G.A. Fox, S.K. Brewer. 2018. Geomorphic identification of physical habitat structures in a large, altered river system. River Flow conference.	September 2018	Biological patterns in streams are determined by interactions between watershed hydrology and geomorphology, and manifest across a wide range of space and time scales (Frissell et al., 1986; Maddock, 1999). Macro-habitats exhibit characteristic bed topography, water surface slopes and velocity patterns and provide conditions to support multiple life-cycles of species. Within a macro-habitat system, micro-habitats are zones of distinct substrates, depths and velocities that support specific life
Grubb, B., and S. K. Brewer. 2020. Crayfish – how they invade and what it means for Oklahoma. Annual Meeting of the Natural Resources Conference, Norman.	February 2020	Invasive crayfishes have spread throughout the world via human mediated translocation and have changed the aquatic landscape. Here we discuss major effects of invasive crayfishes and management control plans to limit invasion. We also highlight major knowledge gaps pertaining to invasive crayfishes within Oklahoma including potential invaders, dispersal capability, and ecological impacts to native species and novel environments.
Graber, A. E., C. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 7 November 2003. Can mountain bikers and golden-cheeked warblers coexist? 92nd Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 2003
Graber, A. E., C. A. Davis, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 8 September 2003. Can mountain bikers and golden-checked warblers coexist? 10th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Burlington, VT.	September 2003
Gonzalez, A. and J.M. Long. 2020. Longitudinal trends in prey use and condition of age-0 shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Missouri River. North American Sturgeon & Paddlefish Society Annual Meeting, Folsom, CA	October 2020	Working with specimens collected by the US Army Corps of Engineers and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, we examined how feeding patterns varied by age-0 (<120 mm) sturgeon along the lower Missouri River. The types of prey being used, and the lipid storage they are conferring to age-0 sturgeon could be a surrogate for understanding habitat needs of the endangered pallid sturgeon.
Gonzalez, A. and J.M. Long. 2020. Longitudinal trends in prey use and condition of age-0 shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Missouri River. Missouri River Natural Resources Conference, Nebraska City, Nebraska.	June 2020	Working with specimens collected by the US Army Corps of Engineers and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, we examined how feeding patterns varied by age-0 (<120 mm) sturgeon along the lower Missouri River. In general, we observed higher catch rates of age-0 sturgeon at reaches furthest downstream, but prey use showed the opposite trend.
Gonzalez, A. and J.M. Long. 2020. Longitudinal trends in prey use and condition of age-0 shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Missouri River. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Columbus, Ohio.	September 2020	Working with specimens collected by the US Army Corps of Engineers and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, we examined how feeding patterns varied by age-0 (<120 mm) sturgeon along the lower Missouri River. In general, we observed higher catch rates of age-0 sturgeon at reaches furthest downstream, but prey use showed the opposite trend.
Gonzalez, A. and J.M. Long. 2019. Longitudinal trends in prey use and condition of age-0 sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Galveston Island, Texas.	January 2019	Age-0 (<120 mm) Scaphirhynchus sturgeon collected by the US Army Corps of Engineers and Nebraska Game and Parks Commission though HAMP were examined to identify longitudinal trends in prey use and condition below an upstream dam that controls flow for barge navigation in the lower Missouri River. In general, we observed higher catch rates of age-0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon at reaches furthest downstream from the impoundment, but body condition and length-weight relationship (W=aLb) slope showed t
Gonzalez, A. and J.M. Long. 2018. Longitudinal trends in prey use and condition of juvenile shovelnose sturgeon in the lower Missouri River. MRRP 2018 Fall Science Meeting - Pallid Webinar	November 2018	We examined age-0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon along a longitudinal gradient below Gavins Point Dam for prey use, condition, and length-weight relationships. The current findings provide additional evidence for quantifying the role of habitat for age-0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon.
Gonzalez, A. and J.M. Long. 2018. Longitudinal trends in prey use and condition of age-0 shovelnose sturgeon in the Lower Missouri River. Missouri River Natural Resources Conference, Nebraska City, NE.	March 2018	Like most of the large rivers in the United States, the river systems shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) inhabit have been altered for navigational purposes or have impoundments. The types of prey being used, and the lipid storage they are conferring to age-0 sturgeon could be a surrogate for habitat as it has been affected by hydrologic alterations from the dam.
Gonzalez, A. and J.M. Long. 2018. Longitudinal trends in prey use and condition of age-0 shovelnose sturgeon in an altered river system. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa.	February 2018	Like most of the large rivers in the United States, the river systems shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) inhabit have been altered for navigational purposes or have impoundments. The types of prey being used, and the lipid storage they are conferring to age-0 sturgeon could be a surrogate for habitat as it has been affected by hydrologic alterations from the dam.
George, A., T. O'Connelll, K. Hickman, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 11 October 2008. Influence of Old World bluestem monocultures on breeding songbirds in mixed-grass prairie. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society, Tulsa, OK.	October 2008
George, A. D., T. J. O'Connell, K. Hickman, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 18 April 2008. Avian response to Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum) monocultures in mixed-grass prairie. Joint Meeting of the Wilson Ornithological Society and the American Field Ornithologists, Mobile, AL.	April 2008
Gatlin, M.R., D.E.Shoup, and J.M. Long. 2011. Gut passage through a native fish species: A possible dispersal mechanism for invasive bivalves . Southeastern Fishes Council Annual Meeting, Chattanooga, TN.	November 2011
Gatlin, M.R., D.E. Shoup, and J.M. Long. 2010. Blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) gut passage as a vector for the dispersal of invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). Species introductions and reintroductions symposium. American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society, Starkville, Mississippi, 8-9 April, 2010.	April 2010
Gatlin, M.R., D.E. Shoup, and J.M. Long. 2010. Blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) gut passage as a vector for the dispersal of invasive bivalves. South/Central River Basins Team, 100th Meridian Initiative Annual Meeting, Denison, TX.	April 2010
Gatlin, M.R. and J.M. Long. 2012. Analysis of Lee Creek’s substrate using side scan sonar technology. 32nd Annual meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2012
Gatlin, M.G., D.E. Shoup, and J.M. Long. 2010. Blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) gut passage as a vector for the dispersal of invasive bivalves. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, 12-17 September 2010.	September 2010
Gatlin, M.G., D.E. Shoup, and J.M. Long. 2010. Blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) gut passage as a vector for the dispersal of invasive bivalves. American Fisheries Society 2nd International Catfish Symposium, St. Louis, MO June 20-22, 2010	June 2010
Gary, R.A., J.M. Long, and G. Whitledge. 2021. Factors leading to differences in recruitment potential of American Paddlefish among two reservoir tributaries of Keystone Lake, Oklahoma. North American Sturgeon and Paddlefish Society Annual Meeting, Virtual.	October 2021	Using side-scan sonar, digital elevation models and Paddlefish dentaries we infer on the reproductive contribution of each river to the Keystone Lake Paddlefish population. Substrate surveys and historical analyses of the availability of suitable hard substrates, used for the successful incubation and hatching of adhesive Paddlefish eggs, found larger proportions and more diverse suitable substrates in the Arkansas River compared to the Cimarron River.
Gary, R.A., J.M. Long, J.D. Schooley, and W. Wolfenkoehler. 2021. Anatomy of a successful Paddlefish restoration effort: a case study of Oolagah Lake and the Verdigris River. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD.	November 2021	The impoundment of the Verdigris River subsequently resulted in a decline in the Paddlefish population, and as part of statewide restoration effort, Oologah Lake was stocked with Paddlefish throughout the late 1990’s. Side-scan sonar was instrumental in identifying spawning habitat and confirming stocked Paddlefish usage of the habitat, demonstrating the value of this technology in monitoring and management of Paddlefish.
Gary, R. and J. Long. 2020. Spawning Habitat Availability at Variable Flows for Paddlefish in the Verdigris River. Southern Division of American Fisheries Society, Little Rock, Arkansas.	February 2020	One factor thought to effect paddlefish restoration success in reservoirs is spawning habitat availability in joining tributaries. Using side-scan sonar data, we identified four classes of potentially suitable substrate (Gravel, Cobble, Boulder, Bedrock) that are abundant throughout the mapped area of the Verdigris River.
Gary, R. and J. Long. 2020. Identifying potential spawning habitat for Paddlefish in the Verdigris River. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Norman, Oklahoma.	February 2020	One factor thought to effect paddlefish restoration success in reservoirs is spawning habitat availability in joining tributaries. Using side-scan sonar data, we identified four classes of potentially suitable substrate (Gravel, Cobble, Boulder, Bedrock) that are abundant throughout the mapped area of the Verdigris River.
Gardner-Santana, L.C., R.A. Van Den Bussche, E.C. Hellgren, and D.M. Leslie, Jr. 14 November 2006. Genetic status and abundance of a recolonizing black bear (Ursus americanus) population in Oklahoma. Defenders of Wildlife Carnivores Conference, St. Petersburg, FL.	November 2006
Gardner-Santana, L., V. A. Van Den Bussche, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 21 June 2006. Genetic status and abundance of a recolonizing black bear (Ursus americanus) population in Oklahoma. 86TH Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Amherst, MA.	June 2006
Gardner-Santana, L., R. A. Van Den Bussche, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 23 February 2005. Using non-invasive genetic sampling to elucidate genetic structure of a naturally colonizing population of black bears (Ursus americanus) in eastern Oklahoma, USA. 16th Annual Research Symposium, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.	February 2005
Gardner-Santana, L. C., R. A. Van Den Bussche, E. C. Hellgren, and D.M. Leslie, Jr. 10 September 2005. Non-invasive sampling to elucidate genetic structure and abundance of black bears (Ursus americanus) in Oklahoma. Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society and the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Stillwater, OK.	September 2005
Gardner-Santana, L. C., R. A. Van Den Bussche, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 5 November 2004. Using non-invasive genetic sampling of black bears (Ursus americanus) in eastern Oklahoma. 92RD Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Edmund, OK.	November 2004
Gardner-Santana, L. C., R. A. Van Den Bussche, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 June 2005. Noninvasive sampling to elucidate genetic structure and abundance of black bears (Ursus americanus) in Oklahoma. 84TH Annual Meeting of American Society of Mammalogists, Springfield, MO.	June 2005
Gardner-Santana, L. C., R. A. Van Den Bussche, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 February 2005. Non-invasive hair sampling to elucidate genetic structure and abundance of recolonizing black bears (Ursus americanus) in Oklahoma. 23rd Annual Meeting of the Texas Society of Mammalogists, Junction, TX.	February 2005
Gardner-Santana, L. C., C. L. Wegert, R. A. Van Den Bussche, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 7 April 2005. Genetics characteristics of reintroduced and recolonizing populations of black bears (Ursus americanus) in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma USA. 18TH Eastern Black Bear Workshop, Tallahassee, FL.	April 2005
Gabriel A, RVan Den Bussche, SK Brewer, R Stark, D Fenolio, M Niemiller. 2016. Using eDNA to detect presence of cavefish and cave crayfish.Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	Threats from anthropogenic activities including groundwater exploitation and habitat degradation have resulted in conservational concerns for several endemic, troglomorphic species, including some listed as federally threatened. Surveys of these species have traditionally relied on observational methods, which are often unreliable due to low detection and cave site disturbance. New monitoring methods employ the use of environmental DNA (eDNA).
Gabriel A, RVan Den Bussche, SK Brewer, R Stark, D Fenolio, M Niemiller. 2016. Using eDNA to detect presence of cavefish and cave crayfish. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Wheeling.	February 2016	Threats from anthropogenic activities including groundwater exploitation and habitat degradation have resulted in conservational concerns for several endemic, troglomorphic species, including some listed as federally threatened. Surveys of these species have traditionally relied on observational methods, which are often unreliable due to low detection and cave site disturbance. New monitoring methods employ the use of environmental DNA (eDNA).
Fuhlendorf, S. D., D. M. Leslie, Jr., F. S. Guthery, C. Davis, and A. R. Rybak. 30 April 2002. Landscape-level assessment of the status of northern bobwhite in eastern Oklahoma. Annual Meeting of the Bollenbach Wildlife Chair Advisory Committee, Stillwater, OK.	April 2002
Fox, S. F., A. Richter, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. Using remote quert PIT-tagged Trachemys scripta to determine trapping dynamics via conventional hoop traps. Annual Meeting of the American Soiety of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Albuquerque, NM	July 2013	Turtles are not really "trapped" by hoop nets because they rather freely enter and leave the traps.
Fino, S. R., J. D. Stafford, A. T. Pearse, J. A. Jenks, AND R. C. Lonsinger. 2021. Relating predator community dynamics and duck nest survival in eastern South Dakota. Ducks Unlimited, Canada IWWR Research Roundup Webinar Series. 8 April 2021.	April 2021	Presented preliminary results of simultaneous monitoring of mesocarnivore habitat use and movements and duck nest survival.
Fino, S. R., J. D. Stafford, A. T. Pearse, J. A. Jenks, AND R. C. Lonsinger. 2021. Relating predator community dynamics and duck nest survival in eastern South Dakota. Brookings Wildlife Federation. 4 June 2021.	June 2021	Preliminary results of simultaneous monitoring of mesocarnivore habitat use and movements and duck nest survival.
Fetherston, S. C., L. P. Waits, J. R. Adams, C. Lehman, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2021. Population genetic structure of bobcats in South Dakota: using harvested samples to inform management. South Dakota Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting. Virtual.	February 2021	We used tissue sampled from <i>n = </i>1225 bobcats harvested across South Dakota from 2014 to 2019 to infer population genetic structure. We found evidence for hierarchical levels of population structure and our results provide additional information that can provide insights on appropriate harvest units.
Fetherston, S. C., L. P. Waits, J. A. Adams, C. P. Lehman, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2022. Population genetic structure of bobcats in South Dakota: using harvested samples to inform management. The Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Tucson, AZ.	June 2022	We sampled bobcats (<i>Lynx rufus</i>) harvested in South Dakota (2014–2019) to infer population genetic structure and delineate demographically independent populations, which can inform management. Our results suggest that shifting the boundary of historical harvest units slightly west in the southern half of the state would better align units with population boundaries.
Fenner, D.B., M.G. Walsh, and D.L. Winkelman. 23 February 2002. Interaction for food resources between native fishes and introduced rainbow trout in an Ozark stream. Annual mid-year meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. Little Rock, AR.	February 2002
Fenner, D.B., M.G. Walsh and D.L. Winkelman. 17 June 2003. Diet overlap of introduced rainbow trout and three native fishes in an Ozark stream. American Fisheries Society Symposia: Propagated Fish in Resource Management. Boise, Idaho	June 2003
Fenner, D. B., M. G. Walsh, and D. M. Winkelman. 20 August 2001. Diet overlap between smallmouth bass and introduced rainbow trout in an Ozark stream. 131st Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. Phoenix, AZ.	August 2001
Fenner, D. B., M. G. Walsh, and D. L. Winkelman. 8 February 2001. Interaction for food resources between native fishes and introduced rainbow trout in an Ozark stream. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2001
Fenner, D. B., M. G. Walsh, and D. L. Winkelman. 6 February 2000. Evaluation of rainbow trout introduction in northeastern Oklahoma streams: a conceptual framework. Mid-year Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Savannah, GA.	February 2000
Fenner, D. B., M. G. Walsh, and D. L. Winkelman. 20 April 2001. Diet overlap between smallmouth bass and introduced rainbow trout in an Ozark stream. 48th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Hays, KS.	April 2001
Fenner, D. B., M. G. Walsh, and D. L. Winkelman. 2 March 2000. Evaluation of rainbow trout introduction in northeastern Oklahoma streams: a conceptual framework. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Oklahoma City, OK.	March 2000
Fenner, D. B., M. G. Walsh, and D. L. Winkelman. 13 November 1999. Evaluation of rainbow trout stocking in northeastern Oklahoma streams: study site assessment. 88th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 1999
Fenner, D. B., M. G. Walsh, and D. L. Winkelman. 10 November 2000. Food resource utilization of fishes in an Ozark stream. 89th Annual Technical Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Tulsa, OK.	November 2000
Fenner, D. B., M. G. Walsh, and D. L. Winkelman. 2 November 2001. Diet overlap between native fishes and introduced rainbow trout in an Ozark stream. 90th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Lawton, OK.	November 2001
Fenner D.B., M.G. Walsh, and D.L. Winkelman. Interaction between native fishes and introduced rainbow trout for food resources in an Ozark stream. Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society annual meeting. Stillwater, OK.	February 2002
Feirer, S. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 30 October 1999. Geographical information system to study the avian community on Ralstin Island, Oklahoma. 39th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society, Tulsa, OK.	October 1999
Feirer, S. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 3 August 2000. Competition among cattle egrets and other North American ardeids for food resources. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Kingfisher, OK.	August 2000
Feirer, S. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 29 April 2000. Geographical information system in the study of the avian community on Ralstin Island, Oklahoma. Combined Meeting of the Wilson Ornithological Society and the Association of Field Ornithologists, Galveston, TX.	April 2000
Feirer, S. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 24 October 1998. Restoration of Ralston Island to conserve nesting Ciconiiformes. 38TH Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society, Ada, OK.	September 1998
Feirer, S. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 14 November 1998. Restoration and the Ciconiiform species of Ralston Island, Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge. 87TH Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Tahlequah, OK.	November 1998
Feirer, S. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 13 November 1999. Historical erosion and vegetative change of Ralstin Island and its impact on the extant rookery. 88th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 1999
Feirer, S. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 12 August 1999. Restoration of Ralstin Island to conserve nesting Ciconiformes. 117TH Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union, Ithaca, NY.	August 1999
Feirer, S. T., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 10 November 2000. Competition for food resources among cattle egrets and other North American ardeids. 89th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Tulsa, OK.	November 2000
Farling, T., W.W. Hoback, and J.M. Long. 2017. Wild juvenile trout nursery habitat in an intermittent tributary and second order stream of a southeastern US tailwater . Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association Conference, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 2017	April 2017	Many streams in the southeastern United States have been stocked with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but few have reported natural reproduction. These two habitats apparently differ in their suitability as nursey habitat for wild-produced trout, although the specific reasons (e.g., prey abundance, temperature regime) have yet to be identified.
Farling, T., W.W. Hoback, and J.M. Long. 2017. Wild juvenile trout nursery habitat in an intermittent tributary and second order stream of a southeastern US tailwater . American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL.	August 2017	Many streams in the southeastern United States have been stocked with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but few have reported natural reproduction. These two habitats apparently differ in their suitability as nursey habitat for wild-produced trout, although the specific reasons (e.g., prey abundance, temperature regime) have yet to be identified.
Farless, N. and SK Brewer. 2014. Critical Thermal Maximum Of Fishes Occupying Spring-Fed Systems. 23rd Annual Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association, Stillwater.	April 2014	Increasing stream temperatures and unknown thermal tolerances of fishes creates a situation where predictions in stream-fish communities via climate change are difficult. The objective of this project is to assess critical thermal maxima in fishes that occupy sensitive spring-fed streams.
Farless, N. and S.K. Brewer. 2015. Potential impacts of increased stream temperature on fish assemblages. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds, Stillwater	April 2015	Our ability to make predictions about the consequences of stream-temperature changes is compromised because the temperature tolerances of many fishes are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine temperature tolerance of stream fishes using critical thermal maxima (CTM) and a long-term temperature tolerance study that mimics natural temperature fluctuations.
Farless, N. and S.K. Brewer. 2015. Comparing Long-Term Temperature Tolerance Study with Critical Thermal Maximum for Fishes. Student Water Conference, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	March 2015	Our ability to make predictions about the likely consequences of associated stream-temperature changes is compromised because the temperature tolerances of many stream fishes are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine temperature tolerance of fish species in spring fed and non spring-fed streams using critical thermal maxima (CTM) and a long-term temperature tolerance study that mimics natural temperature fluctuations.
Farless, N. and S.K. Brewer. 2014. Influences of flow regime alteration on the abiotic and biotic components of streams. 68th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Destin.	October 2014	The objective of this study was to develop and test several flow-ecology hypotheses for reproductive guilds of fishes to determine the relationship among abiotic components of streams and level of flow alteration.
Farless, N. and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Does habitat heterogeneity or substrate composition influence benthic community metabolism? Second annual student water conference. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	April 2013	This study addresses how maintaining heterogeneity of streams relates to stream metabolism.
Farless, N. and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Changes in benthic community metabolism as related to characteristics of hydraulic channel units in an Ozark stream. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds, Stillwater.	April 2013	This study addresses how maintaining heterogeneity of streams relates to stream metabolism.
Farless, N. and S. K. Brewer. 2015. Comparison of Maximum Thermal Tolerance of Fishes Using Two Methods Annual Meeting of the OK Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Tulsa.	February 2015	Our ability to make predictions about the likely consequences of associated stream-temperature changes is compromised because the temperature tolerances of many stream fishes are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine temperature tolerance of fish species in spring fed and non spring-fed streams using critical thermal maxima (CTM) and a long-term temperature tolerance study that mimics natural temperature fluctuations.
Farless, N. and S. K. Brewer. 2014. Temperature Tolerances of Fishes from Spring-Fed and Non Spring-Fed Streams. Oklahoma State University, 25th Research Symposium, Stillwater.	February 2014	Our ability to make predictions about the likely consequences of associated stream-temperature changes is compromised because the temperature tolerances of many stream fishes are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine temperature tolerance of fish species in spring fed and non spring-fed streams using typical critical thermal maximum (CTM) and a more long-term study that would mimic natural temperature fluctuations.
Farless, N. and S. K. Brewer. 2014. Temperature Tolerances of Fishes from Spring-Fed and Non Spring-Fed Streams. 3rd Annual Student Water Conference, April 10-11, 2014, Stillwater, OK	April 2014	Our ability to make predictions about the likely consequences of associated stream-temperature changes is compromised because the temperature tolerances of many stream fishes are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine temperature tolerance of fish species in spring fed and non spring-fed streams using typical critical thermal maximum (CTM) and a more long-term study that would mimic natural temperature fluctuations.
Farless, N, TA Worthington, and SK Brewer. 2016.Influence of flow regime alterations on fish assemblages and the abiotic structure of streams .Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	Streams are altered by a variety of human-induced landscape changes, many of which affect the flow regime. Native fish species have adapted to the natural flow regime and rely on specific attributes (e.g., magnitude and duration of high flows during spawning) to successfully complete their life history. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of different levels of flow alteration on stream-fish assemblages and abiotic habitat.
Fareless, N. and S.K. Brewer. 2012. Influence of hydraulic channel units and substrate composition on benthic community metabolism. Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting. October 22-24, Stillwater, OK.	October 2012
Ellis, C.C., M.J. Cherry, M.M. Koeck, M.C. Chitwood, A.K. Moeller, R.C. Lonsinger, W.S. Fairbanks, and L.J. Heffelfinger. 2024. The Oklahoma mule deer research project: evaluating population performance and abundance estimation methods. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	Our four-year comprehensive research project is aimed at determining spatial variation in abundance and vital rates of mule deer in western Oklahoma. Specifically, we will evaluate relationships among abundance, demography, spatial ecology, and nutritional indices to assist Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation with mule deer management.
Ellis, C.C., M.J. Cherry, M.M. Koeck, M.C. Chitwood, A.K. Moeller, R.C. Lonsinger, W.S. Fairbanks, and L.J. Heffelfinger. 2024. Oklahoma mule deer project overview and update. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Mule Deer and Pronghorn Technical Committee, Abilene, TX.	August 2024	The eastern distributional extent of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is the Great Plains, and in Oklahoma mule deer are restricted to the western third of the state. We initiated a 4-year project to determine spatial variation in abundance and vital rates of mule deer in western Oklahoma. This project will provide insight into mule deer ecology in a dynamic and human-disturbed landscape at their range extent.
Eastep, J. and L. A. Bruckerhoff. Diet Variability in Green Sunfish Across a Gradient of Body Size and Stream Size in the Kansas River Basin. Oklahoma State University Undergraduate Research Symposium.	April 2022	Diet variability of fishes may either be driven by pattern predicted by Optimal Foraging Theory or the Niche Breadth Hypotheses. We analyzed diets of over 300 Green Sunfish stomachs to determine which hypothesis best predicted observed patterns.
Dyer, JJ, TA Worthington, and SK Brewer. 2014. The effects of climate change and land alteration on the Mena crayfish (Orconectes menae). OK-LSAMP annual research symposium, Oklahoma State University	September 2014	The Mena crayfish is a threatened and endemic species of the Ouachita Mountain ecoregion. Little is known about the ecology of the Mena crayfish except for sparse reports of habitat associations. We used a variety of methods to determine the effects of changing habitat on the Mena Crayfish at multiple spatial scales.
Dyer, J.J. and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Interactions among burrowing ability, sedimentation and water withdrawals on crayfishes. Second annual student water conference. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	April 2013	This laboratory study investigates how sedimentation and water withdrawals impact crayfish populations. This work will provide a starting point for making predictions about changed in stream-trophic dynamics via global change.
Dyer, J., and S. K. Brewer. 2018. Population Dynamics of Blue Suckers in Red River, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa, OK.	February 2018	We previously documented the movement of Blue Suckers throughout the lower Red River. Data from previous efforts suggest a resident population below Denison Dam on the Red River and a migratory spawning population in the Kiamichi River below Hugo Dam. The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of Blue Sucker population dynamics so that we may evaluate the status of the population, and determine the effect of environmental variability on the population.
Dyer, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Seasonal responses of crayfish to stream drying. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Little Rock.	September 2013	We evaluated the responses of crayfish to stream drying to better understand how climate change and increased periods of drying will impact these populations.
Dyer, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Mudbug digging performance: effects of increased deposited sediment and water withdrawals. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds, Stillwater.	April 2013	This project evaluates possible impacts of sedimentation and water withdrawals on crayfish populations.
Dyer, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2013. Determining the Distribution of Endemic Crayfish Species at Multiple Spatial Scales. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division American Fisheries Society, Nashville.	February 2013	Adequate conservation priorities cannot be achieved without understanding the factors that structure the distribution of organisms. Crayfish are partiuclarly important species because they are keystone species and serve as forage to more than 200 animals including sportfish populations. The objective of this study was to determine the spatal distribution of several endemic crayfish species to provide a benchmark for conservation priorities.
Dyer, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2012. Using Maxent to Predict the Distribution of an Endemic Crayfish (Orconectes menae). Student Water Research Conference, Oklahoma State University	April 2012
Dyer, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2012. Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution of endemic crayfish. Society for Freshwater Science.	May 2012
Dyer, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2012. Predicting the distribution of endemic crayfish at multiple spatial scales. OK Chapter American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting.	February 2012
Dyer, J. and S.K. Brewer. 2012. Potential impacts of global climate change on endemic crayfish species. Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting. October 22-24, Stillwater, OK.	October 2012
Dyer, J. and S. K. Brewer. 2018. Effects of hydrology on the population trajectory of Blue Suckers Cycleptus elongatus. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society	March 2018	This work evaluates the effects of extreme low flows during drought on Blue Sucker population abundance.
Dyer, J. and S. K. Brewer. 2014. Effects of water-level reduction and sedimentation on crayfish in the Ouachita Mountain Ecoregion. Oklahoma State University, 25th Research Symposium, Stillwater.	February 2014	The objective of the research was to identify the possible impacts of sedimentation and water withdrawals on crayfish populations.
Dyer, J. and S. K. Brewer. 2014. Effects of water-level reduction and sedimentation on crayfish in the Ouachita Mountain Ecoregion. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma and Texas Chapters of the American Fisheries Society, Lake Texoma.	February 2014	The objective of the research was to identify the possible impacts of sedimentation and water withdrawals on crayfish populations.
Dyer, J and SK Brewer. 2016.Annual space use and migration patterns of Blue Suckers Cycleptus elongatus in the lower Red River, Oklahoma .Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	The lower Red River represents the southwest edge of the Blue Sucker distribution and very little is known about the ecology of those populations. The objective of this study was to examine movement patterns and associated environmental cues that trigger seasonal Blue Sucker migrations.
Dukes, C. G., M. L. Allen, L. E. Dodd, A. J. Edelman, S. N. Harris, S. H. LaRose, D. S. Jachowski, R. C. Lonsinger, D. B. Sasse. 2021. A review of camera trapping methodology for eastern spotted skunks (Spilogale putorius). Eastern Spotted Skunk Cooperative Study Group Annual Meeting. Virtual.	September 2021	Over the past 16 years, camera traps have become an increasingly common tool to monitor eastern spotted skunks, which are an understudied species of conservation concern. To inform best survey practices, we reviewed 16 camera trap studies specifically targeting this species.
Duck, J.L., R.A. Snow, and J.M. Long. 2020. Evaluating the effectiveness of a statewide trophy length limit (762 mm) for Blue Catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) in Oklahoma. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Little Rock, Arkansas.	February 2020	On January 1, 2010, the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation adopted a 762 mm minimum length regulation for Blue to redirect angler harvest towards smaller fish, control harvest of large fish, and improve the overall size structure of these populations. We compared pre- (2003-2006) and post- (2017-2018) regulation population parameters from seven Oklahoma reservoirs and found significant differences in length frequencies in all sampled reservoirs, although not necessarily congruent with
Duck, J.L., D.R. Stewart, D.E. Shoup, and J.M. Long. 2012. White crappie population characteristics at Lake McMurtry: “a tale of two sides”. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter American Fisheries Society. Stillwater, OK.	October 2012	Crappie are important sportfish. This work demonstrates how crappie segregate into sub-populations in reservoirs.
Dolman, R. W., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 17 February 2012. Habitat fragmentation and corridors in the Lower Rio Grande Valley refuges: a landscape perspective. 30th Annual Meeting of the Texas Society of Mammalogists, Junction, TX.	February 2012
Dolman, R. W., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2014. Small mammal response to habitat loss and fragmentation in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. 94th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Oklahoma City, OK.	June 2014	Coupled with out work on the genetic differences in among small mammals in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, this study shows how intense habitat fragmentation and loss negatively affects demography and richness of small mammals.
Dolman, R. W., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 15 February 2014. Functional connectivity in the highly fragmented Lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas using the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). Texas Society of Mammalogy, Junction City, TX	February 2014	Habitat fragmentation and urbanization reduced gene flow among populations of the white-footed mouse in the Lower Rio Grande Valley.
Disney, M., E. C. Hellgren, C. A. Davis, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 7 November 2003. Mesocarnivore abundance in oak forest patches: a comparison of scent station and live-trapping techniques. 92nd Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 2003
Disney, M. R., E. C. Hellgren, C. A. Davis, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 8 October 2004. Mescocarnivore abundance in oak patches: a comparison of scent station and live-trapping techniques. Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma and Kansas Chapters of The Wildlife Society and the Kansas Chapter of the Society for Range Management, Woodward, OK.	October 2004
Disney, M. R., E. C. Hellgren, C. A. Davis, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 16 June 2005. Habitat and landscape features affecting abundance of mesopredators in patches of Oklahoma Crosstimbers forest. 84TH Annual Meeting of American Society of Mammalogists, Springfield, MO.	June 2005
Disney, M. R., E. C. Hellgren, C. A. Davis, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 13 June 2004. Mesocarnivore abundance in oak forest patches: a comparison of scent station and live-trapping techniques. 84TH Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Arcata, CA.	June 2004
DiStefano, R., D. C. Ashley, S. K. Brewer, and J. Mouser. 2018. Hunting Missouri’s Rarest Crayfish Using eDNA and Visual Surveys: A First Look at the Natural History of the Caney Mountain Cave Crayfish. International symposium on freshwater crayfish, Pittsburg.	July 2018	Stygobitic (cave) crayfishes are regarded as the most imperiled crayfishes in the U.S. and Canada. The Caney Mountain Cave Crayfish (Faxonius stygocaneyi), discovered in 1998, is known from only a single population in Mud Cave in the Caney Mountain Conservation Area (CMCA) of southern Missouri. It is listed as "critically imperiled" by the state of Missouri and "threatened" by the American Fisheries Society. We conducted the first study of F. stygocaneyi to gather preliminary data on its nat
De Filippo, N., R.C. Lonsinger, R.D. Elmore, and M.C. Chitwood. 2024. Effect of supplemental feeding on mammalian nest predators and potential implications to wild turkey. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	To determine the extent to which anthropogenic bait alters density and space use of potential mammalian nest predators of wild turkeys, we aim to conduct a three-year camera trapping study in southeastern Oklahoma. We anticipate information from this study will provide a better mechanistic understanding of how anthropogenic bait sources influence mammalian nest predator abundance and nest detection rates, which will inform management decisions to address a key factor limiting turkey populations.
Davis, C.A.*, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and W.D. Walter. Effects of mountain biking activity on foraging and nesting behavior of golden-cheeked warblers. The 15th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society, Miami, Florida, USA.	November 2008
Davis, C. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and W. D. Walter. 19 November 2008. Effects of mountain biking activity on foraging and nesting behavior of golden-cheeked warblers. 15th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Miami, FL.	November 2008
Dattilo, J., S. K. Brewer, and D. Shoup. 2018. Relationships between hydrology and year class strength and growth of Freshwater Drum from lotic and lentic ecosystems. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Tulsa, OK.	February 2018	Age and growth distributions of fishes in rivers and reservoirs are differentially affected by flows; however, predictive responses are much more difficult in highly altered ecosystem. We sampled Freshwater Drum from rivers and reservoirs of two ecoregions in summer 2016 -2017 to model the effect of inter-annual flow variation and water-level fluctuations on recruitment and growth.
Dattilo, J, SK Brewer, and D Shoup. 2016. Relationship between Hydrology and Fish Production: A Connected River-Reservoir Landscape Approach. Kiamichi River Research Symposium, McAlaster, OK	June 2016	One of the important water needs that may be affected by flow alteration and reservoir water management is fish production because changes in hydrology can influence recruitment and growth rates of river and reservoir fishes. Our study objective is to quantify the relationship between hydrology of both rivers and reservoirs and production of relatively long-lived fishes.
Dattilo JC, SK. Brewer, and D E. Shoup. 2016. Influence of hydrology on the age distribution of fishes in the Red River Basin. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	This study will provide an examination of the relationship of fish production and environmental flows as an additional consideration for stakeholders determining flow management.
Dart, M.M. E.P. Tanner, M.T. Turnley, D.P. Hahn, W.S. Fairbanks, M.C. Chitwood, R.C. Lonsinger, L.J. Heffelfinger, R.W. DeYoung, H.G. Wang, and M.J. Cherry. 2024. Population dynamics and spatial ecology of a declining population of pronghorn in the Southern Great Plains. The Texas Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, TX.	February 2024	Recent surveys indicate that pronghorn populations in Oklahoma have declined for more than a decade. We developed a comprehensive 5-year research project beginning in 2022, which aims to assess factors influencing population dynamics and to provide management recommendations to reverse declines.
Dart, M. M., L. B. Perkins, J. A. Jenks, C. P. Lehman, and R. C. Lonsinger. 2021. Influences of landscape patterns and intraguild interactions on the spatial and temporal ecology of bobcats and coyotes. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Virtual.	November 2021	We used motion-activated cameras to generate detection data for bobcats and coyotes, evaluated the influence of habitat characteristics on space use of each species with occupancy modeling, and used activity curves to quantify overlap in temporal activity between species. Our results indicate that bobcats are using smaller, less-disturbed patches of woodland/shrubland, which are also associated with higher levels of coyote activity.
Dart, M. M., E. P. Tanner, L. J. Heffelfinger, M. C. Chitwood, R. W. DeYoung, W. S. Fairbanks, D. P. Hahn, R. C. Lonsinger, M. T. Turnley, G. Wang, M. J. Cherry. 2022. Movements and demography of pronghorn in western Oklahoma. Texas Parks and Wildlife mule deer and pronghorn committee meeting, Alpine, TX.	August 2022	We monitored fawn survival and investigated adult home range characteristics of collared pronghorn (<i>Antilocapra americana</i>) in Oklahoma. Fawn mortality was high and adult median home range sizes ranged from 11.7 to 56.7 km<sup>2</sup> and were comprised of primarily (71%) grassland.
Dakin, B., B. Porter, B. Freeman, and J.M. Long. 2013. Hybridization threatens shoal bass populations in the upper Chattahoochee River basin. Black Bass Diversity Symposium, Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Nashville.	February 2013	We assessed genetic integrity of isolated populations of shoal bass in the upper Chattahoochee River basin. Only one shoal bass population was not impacted by congeneric hybridization and was found upstream of Lake Lanier, in the headwaters of the Chattahoochee River.
Crosby, A., D. Elmore, R. Will, and R. Will. Game species as umbrella species: can habitat restoration for northern bobwhites help slow the decline of grassland birds? The Wildilfe Society Conference, Milwaukee, WI	October 2013	Game birds, specifically bobwhite quail, can act as umbrella species in the conservation of declniing grassland and shrubland birds.
Criffield, M., K. Freel, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 7 November 2003. Abundance and density of swift fox (Vulpes velox) in Oklahoma. 92nd Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 2003
Criffield, M., K. Freel, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 15 April 2005. Abundance and distribution of swift fox, Vulpes velox, in Oklahoma. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Huntsville, TX.	April 2005
Criffield, M. K. Freel, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 June 2005. Swift fox (Vulpes velox) densities in western Oklahoma: an adaptive design. 84TH Annual Meeting of American Society of Mammalogists, Springfield, MO.	June 2005
Criffield, M. A., M. V. Reichard, K. Freel, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 13 June 2004. Intestinal parasites of swift fox (Vulpes vulpes) in western Oklahoma. 84TH Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Arcata, CA.	June 2004
Criffield, M. A., K. Freel, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 8 October 2004. Abundance and distribution of swift fax (Vulpes velox) in western Oklahoma. Joint Meeting of the Oklahoma and Kansas Chapters of The Wildlife Society and the Kansas Chapter of the Society for Range Management, Woodward, OK.	October 2004
Corley, B. , W. L. Fisher, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 6 October 1997. Validation of the great blue heron HSI Model reproductive index for the southcentral Great Plains. 51ST Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Oklahoma City, OK.	October 1997
Cole, M. L., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 13 December 1997. Avian community structure of Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge. Second Biennial Symposium of Multivariate Applications in Community Ecology, Stillwater, OK.	December 1997
Cole, M. L., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and W. L. Fisher. 7 November 1997. Habitat use of shorebirds at Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge. 86TH Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Chickasha, OK.	November 1997
Cole, M. L., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and W. L. Fisher. 27 September 1998. A Gis-study on the avian community of Tishomngo National Wildlife Refuge. 5TH Annaul Conference of The Wildlife Society, Buffalo, NY.	September 1998
Cole, M. L., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and W. L. Fisher. 1 November 1997. Avifaunal inventory of Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge. 37TH Annual Meeting of Oklahoma Ornithological Society, Stillwater, OK.	November 1997
Clark, J. E., J. L. Parsons, E. C. Hellgren, E. E. Jorgensen, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 16 June 2002. Nitrogen concentration of stomach contents as an index of dietary nitrogen for hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). 82nd Annual Meeting of American Society of Mammalogists, Lake Charles, LA.	June 2002
Clark, J. E., J. L. Parsons, E. C. Hellgren, E. E. Jorgensen, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 10 September 2003. Nitrogen concentration of stomach contents as an index of dietary nitrogen for hispid cotton rats. 10th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Burlington, VT.	September 2003
Clark, J. E., E. C. Hellgren, J. L. Parsons, E. E. Jorgensen, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 10 September 2003. Nitrogen outputs of small mammals from fecal and urine desposition: implications for nitrogen cycling? 10th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Burlington, VT.	September 2003
Clark, J. E., E. C. Hellgren, E. Jorgensen, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 27 February 2003. Population dynamics of small mammals across a nitrogen-amended landscape. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2003
Civiello, A.P., J.M. Long, N.J. Gosch, T.R. Gemeinhardt, K. Chojnacki, and A.J. DeLonay. 2017. The influence of shallow-water habitat on age-0 shovelnose sturgeon diet and condition. Missouri River Natural Resources Conference, Nebraska City, NE.	March 2017	The lower Missouri River has been highly modified and it is hypothesized that the loss of shallow-water habitat (SWH) has decreased prey availability, negatively affecting age-0 sturgeon. These results provide the first description of age-0 shovelnose sturgeon prey use and whole-body lipid content at a large spatial scale along the lower Missouri River.
Civiello, A.P. and J.M. Long. 2016. Effects of shallow-water habitat quantity on young-of-year Shovelnose Sturgeon prey use along a longitudinal gradient. Missouri River Recovery Implementation Committee Annual Forum Webinar.	April 2016	The lower Missouri River has been highly modified and it is hypothesized that loss of shallow-water habitat (SWH) has decreased prey availability, negatively affecting young-of-year (YOY) Sturgeon. These results provide the first description of YOY shovelnose sturgeon prey use at a large spatial scale along the lower Missouri River. This presentation was delivered at the 2016 Missouri River Natural Resources Conference and invited to be be presented to the 70 member Missouri River Recovery Im
Civiello, A.P. and J.M. Long. 2016. Effects of shallow-water habitat quantity on young-of-year Shovelnose Sturgeon prey use along a longitudinal gradient. Missouri River Natural Resources Conference, Great Falls, Montana.	March 2016	The lower Missouri River has been highly modified and it is hypothesized that loss of shallow-water habitat (SWH) has decreased prey availability, negatively affecting young-of-year (YOY) Sturgeon. These results provide the first description of YOY shovelnose sturgeon prey use at a large spatial scale along the lower Missouri River.
Civiello, A.P. and J.M. Long. 2016. Effect of shallow-water habitat quantity on young-of-year Sturgeon prey use and condition along a longitudinal gradient. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri.	August 2016	The lower Missouri River has been highly modified and it is hypothesized that the loss of shallow-water habitat (SWH) has decreased prey availability, negatively affecting young-of-year (YOY) Sturgeon. These results provide the first description of YOY sturgeon prey use and condition at a large spatial scale along the lower Missouri River.
Civiello, A.P. and J.M. Long. 2015. Influence of habitat on young-of-year shovelnose sturgeon prey use. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon.	August 2015	. In this study, we sought to quantify diets of Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and how they vary by the amount of SWH. These results will help identify restoration goals to improve conditions suitable for YOY Shovelnose Sturgeon.
Cherry, M. J., M. C. Chitwood, R. W. DeYoung, W. S. Fairbanks, L. J. Heffelfinger, R. C. Lonsinger, E. P. Tanner, and H. G. Wang. 2021. Movement and population demography of pronghorn in Oklahoma. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Mule Deer and Pronghorn Technical Committee Meeting. Lubbock, Texas.	August 2021	Presentation summarized the goals and objectives of upcoming pronghorn research in the Oklahoma panhandle.
Chappell, W. S., M. L. Cole, W. L. Fisher, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 6 October 1997. A GIS-based inventory of biological and habitat resources of the Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge. 51ST Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Oklahoma City, OK.	August 1997
Chapman, R. N., D. M. Engle, R. E. Masters, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 7 September 1999. Avian community response to type of breeding habitat in the southern Great Plains. 6TH Annual Meeting of The Wildlife Society, Austin, TX.	September 1999
Chapman, R. N., D. M. Engle, R. E. Masters, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 6 December 1999. Influence of grassland habitat composition and structure on breeding bird communities. 61st Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, Chicago, IL.	December 1999
Chapagain, B., O. Joshi, J.Long, and A. Taylor. 2020. An application of revealed preference and contingent valuation approach to estimate demand and economic value of recreational fishing in Oklahoma rivers and streams. International Society of Forest Resource Economics, Gulfport, Mississippi.	May 2020	Using the angler’s responses to hypothetical behavioral survey questions in combination with actual trip-related questions, this study estimated the economic value of fishing in Oklahoma streams and rivers and examined the effect of change in fish quality on anglers’ demand and economic value. The consumer surplus (CS) associated with the average fishing trip person was about $53, which would increase as high as 33% if the catch rate increases by 25%.
Chapagain, B., O. Joshi, J.Long, and A. Taylor. 2019. Influence of Place Attachment and Motivation on Bass Fishing Demand in Oklahoma Streams. Society of American Foresters Annual Meeting, Louisville, Kentucky.	November 2019	Black bass (Micropterus) stream fishing is a popular activity in eastern Oklahoma with more than 12% of all Oklahoma anglers pursue their sport. This presentation will highlight the economic value of public access to Oklahoma streams for bass fishing and will shed lights on the social psychological factors that influence the bass fishing demand.
Chapagain, B., O. Joshi, J. Long, and A. Taylor. 2021. Estimating the effects of fish quality and size on the economic value of fishing in Oklahoma streams and rivers: a revealed preference and contingent behavior approach. International Society of Forest Resource Economics Annual Meeting, Mississippi State University, Starkville.	May 2021	Whether fish size or quantity plays an important role in determining fishing demand and economic value may have important management implications. Using anglers’ responses from hypothetical behavioral questions, we found that changes in marginal economic benefits to anglers varied among hypothetical scenarios of fish size and abundance but was maximized (54% increase) with a 25% increase in catch rates of trophy-sized fish.
Chapagain, B., O. Joshi, J. Long, and A. Taylor. 2020. The effects of social-psychological factors on black bass fishing demand in Oklahoma Ozark streams. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Norman, Oklahoma.	February 2020	Information on benefits of accessing eastern Oklahoma streams for black bass fishing may be useful for characterizing the public value of black bass management. The preliminary results show that anglers’ attachment to fishing site and their motivations to go fishing have significant effects on the demand.
Chapagain, B., O. Joshi, J. Long, and A. Taylor. 2020. Examining Social-Psychological Factors within a Black Bass Fishing Demand Model: A Travel Cost Approach. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Little Rock, Arkansas.	February 2020	Black bass (Micropterus) stream fishing is a popular sports fishing activity in eastern Oklahoma, with participation from more than 12% of all Oklahoma anglers. The preliminary results show that anglers’ attachment to fishing site and their motivations to go fishing have significant effects on the demand.
Cavett, A., J.M. Long, and W.W. Hoback. 2024. Quantifying the effect of farm ponds on biodiversity. Oklahoma Governor's Water Conference and Research Symposium, Norman.	November 2024	Farm ponds are an overlooked but vital piece of the great plains ecosystem and those located in Oklahoma are no exception. By testing what species are using each pond, we can correlate surface area with species richness, and consequently, weigh each pond’s contribution of species to the ecosystem.
Cavalieri, V., T. O?Connell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 3 November 2006. Status and habitat affinity for Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) and other forest birds in Oklahoma. 95th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Claremore, OK.	November 2006
Cavalieri, V., T. O?Connell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 23 March 2007. A bird on the edge: Cerulean Warblers still breed in Oklahoma. Joint Annual Meeting of the Wilson Ornithological Society and Massachusetts Audubon Society, Wakefield, MA.	March 2007
Cavalieri, V., T. O?Connell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 October 2007. Status and habitat affinity of cerulean warbler and other forest birds in Oklahoma. Joint Meeting of the Bollenbach Wildlife Symposium and Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Woodward, OK.	January 2007
Cavalieri, V., T. O'Connelll, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 11 October 2008. Status and habitat affinity for Cerulean Warbler (Dendroica cerulea) in Oklahoma. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society, Tulsa, OK.	October 2008
Cavalieri, V. T., T. J. O'Connell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 18 April 2008. Habitat effects on occurrences and relative abundance of forest songbirds in eastern Oklahoma. Joint Meeting of the Wilson Ornithological Society and the American Field Ornithologists, Mobile, AL.	April 2008
Cavalieri, V. S., T. J. O'Connell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 5 October 2006. Topography, forest stand composition, and breeding birds in the Ouachita National Forest, Oklahoma. Fourth North American Ornithological Conference, Veracruz, Mexico.	October 2006
Cartabiano, E.C. and J.M. Long. 2014. Fish community responses to drought in an aging Great Plains reservoir. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma-Texas Chapter American Fisheries Society, Tanglewood Resort, Pottsboro, Texas.	February 2014	Decreased storage capacity of reservoirs can combine with drought to cause numerous fish kills, likely affecting the entire fish community over time. We documented the effect of drought on the fish community of a reservoir undergoing chronic siltation.
Cartabiano, E.C. and J.M. Long. 2013. Fish community response to drought at a shallow Great Plains reservoir. Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Oklahoma City, OK.	October 2013	Siltation and drought are problematic at reservoirs around the country nearing the end of their useful lifespan. An understanding of how fish species composition might change during the lifespan of reservoirs is crucial to future management of this important resource.
Cartabiano, E., D.R. Stewart, and J.M. Long. 2014. Comparison of methods and bait-type to minimize by-catch when sampling for channel catfish in reservoirs. Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Charleston, SC.	January 2014	This work demonstrates application of an alternative gear for sampling channel catfish while minimizing bycatch, especially of aquatic turtles.
Cajero, A.B., R.C. Lonsinger, J.W. Cain III, L.J. Bernal, C. Kruse, M.C. Chitwood. 2023. Evaluation of cougar predation and black bear kleptoparasitism on Vermejo Park Ranch, New Mexico. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY	November 2023	Our study focuses on documenting cougar prey selection, estimating the frequency of bear kleptoparasitism on cougar kills, and investigating how bear kleptoparasitism influences cougar predation rates. Our results will elucidate interactions between two large predators and provide insights into their influence on ungulate populations within Vermejo Park Ranch.
Cain, S.A., B.D. Murray, R.C. Lonsinger, P.M. Lukacs, and M.C. Chitwood. 2024. Careful or careless: Elk response to seasonal human recreation. Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Edmond, OK.	February 2024	Human disturbances can lead to important behavioral changes in wildlife. We used camera trap and GPS-collar data to quantify the spatial and temporal differences in behavior of elk (<i>Cervus canadensis</i>) in response to low levels of human outdoor recreation in a remote, mostly inaccessible protected area in southwest Montana.
Cain, S.A., B.D. Murray, R.C. Lonsinger, P.M. Lukacs, and M.C. Chitwood. 2023. Spatio-temporal interactions of Rocky Mountain elk, mule deer, and moose in southwest Montana. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY	November 2023	We used camera trap data to investigate interactions between elk, mule deer, and moose in southwest Montana. We deployed 94 cameras to monitor species interactions during summer and fall seasons during 2021-2023.
Cain, S.A, B.D. Murray, R.C. Lonsinger, P.M. Lukacs, and M.C. Chitwood. 2024. Elk resource selection in a mountain range with low human recreational use. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	We used GPS-collar data (2020 and 2021) from 43 female elk and employed population-level resource selection functions to assess third-order selection during the general firearm hunting season (Oct 26–Nov 29) and the summer recreation season (Jul 15–Aug 15) in the Ruby Mountains Wilderness Study Area in Montana. Elk resource selection was consistent with behavioral expectations, indicating that low human recreational use does not evoke strong population-level changes in resource selection.
Burroughs, J., and S.K. Brewer. 2014. Tag Retention of Hallprint Dart Tags by Riverine Smallmouth Bass. 68th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Destin.	October 2014	The retention of dart tags has been evaluated on many marine species but on only a few freshwater species. The objective of this study was to examine tag retention of dart tags on riverine smallmouth bass.
Burroughs, J., X. Jin, and S.K. Brewer. 2013.New life for a tailwater trout fishery: Case study of water-quality conditions below Tenkiller Ferry Reservoir. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Nashville.	February 2013	Lack of water allocation has resulted in dissolved oxygen conditions below state standards that are resulting in fish kills. We modeled dissolved oxygen concentrations below Tenkiller Reservoir as a function of flow and temperature as a means of suggestion management options to sustain water-quality standards during the summer months.
Burroughs, J., X. Jin, S.K. Brewer, J. Johnston, and B. Brown. 2014. . Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Charleston.	January 2014	Justification is necessary for establishing instream flow standards. The objective of this study was to evaluate flow-release scenarios as a means of maintaining water quality for a mitigated trout fishery.
Burroughs, J., X. Jin, S. K. Brewer, J. Johnston, and B. Brown. 2013. Interactions between water quantity and quality and the impacts to an economically-important fishery. The 34th Annual Oklahoma Governor's Water Conference and Research Symposium, Midwest City.	October 2013	Developing instream flow standards is necessary to achieve water-quality standards and support fisheries where water allocations are limited. We developed a model to evaluate dissolved oxygen conditions under multiple discharge scenarios below a hydropower dam.
Burroughs, J., X. Jin, J. Johnston, B. Brown, and S.K. Brewer. 2013. The interrelated conditions of water quality and quantity: An example from the lower Illinois River. Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds, Stillwater.	April 2013	This work evaluates the effectiveness of engineering structures that will be installed below a dam to maintain dissolved oxygen levels to support a tailwater fishery.
Burroughs, J., D. Swedberg, J. Tucker, M. Skoog, A. Rodger, S. K. Brewer. 2018.Efforts to conserve spring-fed obligates: Least Darter as an SGCN species. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Atlantic City.	August 2018	Knowledge of isolated population responses to the different landscapes they occupy is instructive to developing conservation and management actions. Least Darter Etheostoma microperca is a species with isolated southern populations in the Ozark Highlands and Arbuckle Mountain ecoregions.
Burroughs, J., B. Brown, and S.K. Brewer. 2014. Evaluating the Efficiency of a Collection Device for Quantifying Densities of Early Life Stages of Smallmouth Bass in Streams. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Charleston.	January 2014	Knowing the efficiency of your gear is a critical first step to understanding the inferences made using a gear type. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the sampler under varying velocity (moderate and low) and substrate conditions (sand, gravel, and cobble).
Burroughs, J., B. Brown, and S. K. Brewer. 2014. Evaluating the Efficiency of a Collection Device for Quantifying Densities of Early Life Stages of Smallmouth Bass in Streams. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma and Texas Chapters of the American Fisheries Society, Lake Texoma.	February 2014	Quantifying early life stages of fishes is difficult. In this study, we developed and tested the sampling efficiency of an egg and larval fish collection device.
Burroughs, J. and SK Brewer. 2015. Preliminary Results of Engineered Alternatives for Improving Water Quality in a Tailwater Fishery. SEAFWA Annual Meeting	November 2015	The objective of the project was to evaluate dissolved oxygen and temperature conditions in a tailwater under different water release scenarios.
Burroughs, J. X. Jin, S.K. Brewer, J. Johnston, and B. Brown. 2014. Benefits of two engineered water quality improvement options in a hydropower tailwater: An evaluation of oxygen enhancements in a coldwater fishery. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Quebec.	August 2014	Water quality in impounded waters degrades over time due to thermal stratification, changes in sediment regimes, and accumulation of pollutants; consequently, reservoir releases affect water quality in tailwaters and other connected water bodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate dissolved-oxygen conditions downstream of a hydropower dam after installation of a Supersaturated Dissolved Oxygen System.
Burroughs J. and S.K. Brewer. 2015. Tag Retention of Dart Tags by riverine Smallmouth Bass. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Savannah.	January 2015	The objective of this study was to evaluate the retention of Hallprint dart tags on riverine smallmouth bass.
Burkholder, E.N., M.C. Chitwood, and R.C. Lonsinger. 2024. Assessment of prairie gray fox population distribution, dynamics, and genetics in Oklahoma. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	Robust population assessments of prairie gray fox are lacking across their range and in Oklahoma more precise population-specific data are needed to inform a federal listing decision. We deployed camera traps and solicited gray fox genetic samples from trappers statewide to evaluate population trends, investigate the influence of intraguild interactions and assess population genetic parameters (e.g., diversity and effective population size and structure).
Buie, M.D., B.A. Kleeberg, W.S. Fairbanks, M.C. Chitwood, R.C. Lonsinger. 2024. Estimating species richness in an ephemeral system. Undergraduate Research Symposium, Stillwater, OK.	April 2024	We used remote cameras to sample random 180 sites from May–August in 2022 and 2023, and conducted a community-level occupancy analysis within each of four habitat types. Estimated relative richness (Ѱ) was highest for cropland (0.71) and mesa country (0.63) and lowest for rangeland (0.55) and river bottoms (0.48).
Bruckerhoff, L., C. Yackulic, D. Eppehimer, K. Bestgen, B. Neilson, B. Mihalevich, J. Schmidt, J. Wang, and K. Wheeler. Two-species population models predict native fish responses to interactive effects of climate change and non-native species in the Colorado River basin. 2022. Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Grand Rapids Michigan.	May 2022	We developed novel joint population models to predict the impacts of declines in watershed runoff on interacting native and non-native species.
Bruckerhoff, L. A., C.A. Pennock, and K.B., Gido. 2021. Do fine scale experiments underestimate consumption rates? Oklahoma American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting.	September 2021	This work contributes to scale-transition research for scaling up findings from experimental work.
Brown, M.D. and D.L. Winkelman. 2 March 2000. Occurrence of daily growth rings in otoliths of young-of-the-year flathead catfish. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Oklahoma City, OK.	March 2000
Brown, M.D. and D.L. Winkelman, 10 November 2000, Evaluation of the flathead catfish population and fishery in Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma. 89th Annual meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of science.	November 2000
Brown, M. D., and D. L. Winkelman. 8 February 2001. Evaluation of the flathead catfish population and fishery in Lake Carl Blackwell, Oklahoma. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2001
Brown, M. D., and D. L. Winkelman. 6 February 2000. Occurrence and validation of daily growth rings of the otoliths. Mid-year Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Savannah, GA.	February 2000
Brown, M. D., and D. L. Winkelman. 13 November 1999. Occurrence and validation of daily growth rings of the otoliths. 88th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK	November 1999
Brown, K., R. Mollenhauer, and S.K. Brewer. 2019. Effects of non-native Rainbow Trout on behavior and cover use by Smallmouth Bass. Oklahoma NaturalResources Conference, Tulsa.	February 2019	Stream-dwelling salmonids are territorial and are often stocked at relatively high densities in locations where they are not native. Depending on the stocking location, non-native salmonids may compete for limited resources with ecologically similar species.
Brown, K., R. Mollenhauer, and S. K. Brewer. 2019. Effects of non-native Rainbow Trout on aggression and cover use by native Smallmouth Bass. Joint Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society and the Wildlife Society, Reno.	October 2019	Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss is a commonly stocked fish species and is often stocked at high densities outside of their native range. Non-native Rainbow Trout may compete for limited resources with native species under certain environmental conditions. Our study objective was to determine the density-dependent effects of Rainbow Trout on Smallmouth Bass aggression and cover use.
Brown, B., S.K. Brewer, and J. Burroughs. 2014. First year survival and dispersal of Neosho smallmouth bass.23rd Annual Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association, Stillwater.	April 2014	Few studies have addressed first year survival and dispersal patterns in streams, especially for genetically-distinct sportfish populations such as Neosho smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu velox. We measured survival and dispersal of young -of-year Neosho smallmouth bass in two Ozark streams during summer 2013.
Brown, B., S.K. Brewer, and J. Burroughs. 2014. First year survival and dispersal of Neosho smallmouth bass. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma and Texas Chapters of the American Fisheries Society, Lake Texoma.	February 2014	Little is known about subspecies of smallmouth bass, particularly during the early life history phases. This project addresses first year dispersal and survival and the influence of environmental factors.
Brown, B., S.K. Brewer, J. Burroughs, and J. Johnston. 2013. Investigating the relationship between smallmouth bass recruitment and flow characteristics in Ozark streams. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division American Fisheries Society, Nashville.	February 2013	Appropriately managing species requires an understanding of how water resources impact recruitments dynamics- particularly important recreational fisheries. This study evaluates the relation between flow characteristics and juvenile recruitment in smallmouth bass. The results of such efforts will assist fisheries managers in setting take restrictions and water allocations.
Brown, A. G., L. Gardner-Santana, E. C. Hellgren, V. A. Van Den Bussche, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 18 June 2006. Density and spatial distribution of black bears in southeastern Oklahoma using hair-snare samples. 86TH Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Amherst, MA.	June 2006
Brown, A. G., L. Gardner-Santana, E. C. Hellgren, V. A. Van Den Bussche, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 14 October 2006. Spatial distribution of black bears in southeastern Oklahoma using hair-snare samples. Annual Meeting of the Central Plains Society of Mammalogists, Edmond, OK.	October 2006
Brown, A. G., E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 3 November 2006. Age structure and morphometrics of black bears in southeastern Oklahoma. 95th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Claremore, OK.	November 2006
Brown, A. G., E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 10 June 2007. Age structure and morphometrics of recolonizing black bears. 87TH Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Albuquerque, NM.	June 2007
Brown, A. G., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and E. C. Hellgren. 2 November 2007. Landscape characteristics influencing a recolonizing black bear population in southern Oklahoma. 96th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Sciences, Lawton, OK.	November 2007
Brown, A. G., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and E. C. Hellgren. 19 October 2007. Age structure and morphometrics of recolonizing black bears. Joint Meeting of the Bollenbach Wildlife Symposium and Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Woodward, OK.	October 2007
Brown, A. G., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 9 November 2007. Landscape characteristics influencing a recolonizing black bear population. International Association for Bear Research and Management, Annual Meeting, Monterrey, Mexico.	November 2007
Brosend, D., and R.C. Lonsinger. 2024. Variation in mesocarnivore detection is influenced by olfactory attractants and environmental conditions. Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Edmond, OK.	February 2024	Mesocarnivores are elusive making them difficult to monitor. We evaluated the effects of olfactory attractants and environmental covariates on the detection of seven mesocarnivores to inform monitoring and research.
Brosend, D., and R.C. Lonsinger. 2024. Olfactory attractant and environmental influences on mesocarnivore detection. American Society of Mammalogists Annual Meeting, Boulder, CO.	June 2024	The effect of lures varied among mesocarnivores; lures influenced site-specific daily detection of plains spotted skunks, striped skunks, bobcats, gray foxes, and raccoons, but did not affect coyote or opossum detection. Understanding detection patterns of mesocarnivores can help optimize sampling techniques and improve monitoring.
Brosend, D. and R.C. Lonsinger. 2024. What stinks? Mesocarnivore detection is influenced by different olfactory attractants. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.	October 2024	We analyzed detection data for seven mesocarnivores to evaluate preference between four olfactory lures and the influence of environmental conditions on the probability of detection. Our results can help optimize sampling techniques and improve efforts to monitor and managing mesocarnivores.
Brosend, D. and R.C. Lonsinger. 2023. Plains spotted skunk detection in the Oauchita National Forest, Oklahoma. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY	November 2023	The current distribution of plains spotted skunks (<i>Spilogale interrupta</i>) is poorly understood and monitoring efforts are challenged by low detection rates. We conducted noninvasive camera trapping during January-May 2023 in southeast Oklahoma using motion-triggered cameras to better understand the influence of olfactory attractants, sampling intensity, and environmental covariates on camera-based detections for plains spotted skunks.
Broadway, M., R.C. Lonsinger, T. O'Connell, and S. Loss. 2024. Co-occurrence and behavior mediate interactions between sympatric nightjars exhibiting differential responses to landscape characteristics. American Ornithological Society Annual Meeting, Estes Park, CO.	October 2024	We used single-season co-occurrence occupancy models to estimate the effects of observation-level covariates on detection and site-level covariates on occupancy of two nightjar species: Eastern Whip-poor-will and Chuck-will’s-widow. Effects of land cover and topography on occupancy were species-specific and co-occurrence model results suggest detection of either species may depend on the presence and behavior of the other.
Broadway, M., R.C. Lonsinger, T. O'Connell, and S. Loss. 2023. Night moves: lunar, seasonal, and interspecific effects on detection of two sympatric nightjars. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY	November 2023	We conducted nocturnal surveys and used a co-occurrence occupancy models to examine effects of lunar phase, site characteristics, and observation covariates on detection of Eastern Whip-poor-will and Chuck-will’s-widow. Model results demonstrated species-specific effects of lunar, site, and observation-level covariates on detectability of both nightjars, indicating similar responses to moon altitude and moon phase.
Brewer, Shannon, S. Wolf, E. Tanner, J. Polo, and S. Fuhlendorf. 2019. Quantifying spatio-temporal variability in thermal patterns using a fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing system. Joint Meeting of The American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society, Reno.	October 2019	Although organisms may perceive temperature differently, terrestrial and aquatic organisms seek thermal refugia when temperature conditions are especially harsh (i.e., hot or cold). Our objective is to demonstrate the relationships between thermal patchiness across riverine and terrestrial landscapes and temperature use as a habitat element by a variety of organisms.
Brewer, SK, TA. Worthington, JG. Kennan, BE Vieux, and W Andrews. 2016. Spatial variation in responses of a large river fish assemblage to flow alteration. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	Changes to riverine systems are multifaceted with flow modifications a driver of changing channel and habitat conditions. The flow regime of the Canadian River, located in the US Great Plains, has been altered by major reservoirs constructed for human and agricultural uses. This fragmentation has altered the river continuum as a whole; however, our knowledge of the response of flow conditions is limited to gage locations. This study develops flow-ecology relationships across in a Great Plains s
Brewer, SK, TA Worthington, TB Grabowski, and J Mueller. 2012. Evaluating the efficiency of the Moore egg-sampler. Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, October 22, Stillwater, OK	October 2012
Brewer, SK, TA Worthington, TB Grabowski, and J Mueller. 2012. Evaluating the efficiency of a quantitative egg-sampling gear. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Minneapolis	August 2012
Brewer, SK, TA Worthington, R Mollenhauer, DR Stewart, and P Kemp. 2014.Synthesizing Ecohydrology Models As A Management Tool For Landscape Conservation Under Climate Change, 23rd Annual Oklahoma Clean Lakes and Watersheds Association, April 1-3, 2014, Stillwater, OK	April 2014	A variety of modeling platforms has been developed to simulate hydrology, hydraulics, water quality, and ecological components. Generally, these platforms have been developed independently and the number of models available is growing rapidly making model selection challenging. The objective of this study was to assess the application of prevalent hydrology, hydraulic, water quality, and ecological models that have addressed some aspect of freshwater management.
Brewer, SK, Thomas Worthington, Tianjiao Zhang, Aaron R. Mittelstet, and Daniel Logue. 2016. Landscape and flow metrics affecting the distribution of a federally-threatened fish: Improving management, model fit, and model transferability. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Wheeling.	February 2016	Truncated pelagophil distributions in the Great Plains have been noteworthy and water use and landscape fragmentation have been implicated as contributing factors to the observed changes; however, there are competing flow regime hypotheses related to species persistence. The objective of this study was to compare competing hypotheses important to Arkansas River Shiner persistence and at the same time, test different approaches for improving temporal model transferability of the species distrib
Brewer, SK and S Sammons. 2020. Advances in Black Bass Ecology and Conservation. Symposium for the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Little Rock.	February 2020	Black basses of the genus Micropterus are both recreationally and ecologically important, but our ecological knowledge of the narrow-range endemics is lacking relative to the quickly evolving species designations. The objective of this symposium is to update our knowledge of species descriptions and share timely ecological results from recently completed and ongoing research across the southeast United States.
Brewer, SK and R Mollenhauer. 2017.Developing effective sampling strategies for stream centrarchids. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Tampa.	August 2017	A fundamental challenge of improving our conservation and management strategies for stream fishes is designing sampling strategies that account for variable detection. This is especially important for managing recreationally-important species such as many centrarchids.
Brewer, S.K., T.A. Worthington, T.B. Grabowski, and J. Mueller. 2013. Evaluating the reproductive success of Arkansas River shiner by assessing early life-history stage dispersal and survival at the landscape level. Great Plains Conservation Cooperative Steering Committee Meeting, Edmond, Oklahoma, January 17.	January 2013	This talk summarizes the integration of lanscape alterations and interactive environmental factors related to changes in early life stage survival and distributional shifts in a federally-endangered species.
Brewer, S.K., T.A. Worthington, J.J. Dyer, N. Farless, D. Logue, R. Mollenhauer, and J. Perkins. 2015.Pelagic-Broadcast Spawning Cyprinids: Landscape Conservation Opportunities. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Tulsa.	February 2015	The rivers and streams of the Great Plains ecoregion have experienced dramatic changes over the past 100-150 years due to altered land-cover patterns, reservoir construction, and climatic shifts. One group of species that has been notably affected by the changing environmental conditions is the pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids reproductive guild. We identified knowledge gaps and areas of conservation opportunity via a complete synthesis of existing knowledge of the species.
Brewer, S.K., T. A. Worthington, T. Zhang, D. R. Logue, and A. R. Mittelstet. 2018.Landscape factors affecting the distribution of a federally-threatened Great Plains minnow. Annual meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Puerto Rico.	March 2018	Developing conservation strategies for these species is hindered by the existence of multiple competing flow regime hypotheses related to species persistence. Our study objective was to compare the predicted distributions of the federally-threatened Arkansas River Shiner Notropis girardi, constructed using different flow regime metrics.
Brewer, S.K., E. Irwin, M. Freeman, and J. Burroughs. 2018. Advancing environmental flows: novel findings, challenges to conventional thinking, and embracing uncertainty. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, San Juan	March 2018	The objectives of this symposium are to bring together scientists and managers that are advancing how we think about and apply environmental flow techniques, examine novel findings that challenge conventional thinking, and identify underlying uncertainties in our decision processes.
Brewer, S.K. et al. 2015.Pelagic-Broadcast Spawning Cyprinids: Ecology and Conservation Opportunities. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Savannah.	January 2015	We synthesize the current understanding on the life history and ecological requirements of pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids, a threatened group of Great Plains fishes, and evaluate areas of uncertainty in relation to the species’ biology. The review also identifies knowledge gaps providing a basis for further targeted investigations in order to aid the conservation of pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids.
Brewer, S.K. and J.M. Long. 2013. Biology and ecology of genetically distinct Neosho and Ouachita smallmouth bass. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division American Fisheries Society. Nashville.	February 2013	This work summarizes published, gray, and some personal data for two genetically-distinct forms of smallmouth bass. Currently, there is few published accounts making comparisons between these populations, most coming from a single stream in each region. This presentation/paper will compile information making our understanding about these populations more clear and identifying areas where major knowledge gaps occur.
Brewer, S.K. 2014. Aquatic challenges, issues and options for bridging the conservation and management of stream and reservoir fisheries. Gulf Coast Prairie Steering Committee Meeting, Arcadia	June 2014	Approaches are needed to provide options to agencies that support sustainability of both reservoir and riverine communities while allowing reasonable water use by the myriad of other competing demands.
Brewer, S.K. 2013. Linking ecological research and management: How can we do it better? Annual meeting of the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation technicians, Tahlequah, OK	September 2013	The objective of this talk is to discuss some of the possible factors that unhinge the relationship between research and management and provide suggestions on how we might approach this important relationship in a way that might facilitate improvements in the outcomes of science.
Brewer, S.K. 2011. A watershed-based approach to smallmouth bass management.	October 2011
Brewer, S.K. 2010. Sustaining Oklahoma Fishes Under Increasing Water Demands, Oklahoma’s Governor’s water conference: A Shared Resource, A Shared Responsibility, Norman, October 26-27, 2010, Environment Panel participant	October 2010
Brewer, S., J. Burroughs, B Brown, R Mollenhauer, A. Rodger, and M. Skoog. 2017. First year survival and dispersal of Neosho smallmouth bass. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	Understanding factors that affect survival, dispersal, and recruitment of important sportfishes are important to identifying habitat and flow elements that need protected or managed.
Brewer, S. K., T. A. Worthington, R. Mollenhauer, and W. Andrews. 2014. Assessing changes in fish traits and water quality in a large Great Plains river. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Quebec.	August 2014	The objectives of this study were to use existing data to assess changes in water-quality constituents over time and determine how those changes have impacted the persistence of stream-fish traits.
Brewer, S. K., R. Mollenhauer, M. Wedgeworth, J. Perkins, and R. Hart. 2019. Flow-ecology relationships in the Great Plains: Changing relationships across wet-dry cycles and in different ecoregions of the Red River Basin. Annual Meeting of the Society of Freshwater Science, Salt Lake City.	May 2019	Streamflow is a “master variable” that largely governs ecological processes in streams. The upper Red River basin is a variable, extreme environment, where periods of both excessive rainfall and drought are common, whereas the lower basin is much more humid. Our objective is to determine flow-ecology relationships that change across wet-dry cycles, ecoregions, and for species.
Brewer, S. K., R. Mollenhauer, M. Wedgeworth, D. Swedberg, and J. Perkin. 2020. Flow-ecology relationships vary across wet-dry cycles of the southern Great Plains. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division American Fisheries Society, Little Rock.	February 2020	Streamflow is a “master variable” that largely governs ecological processes in streams. The upper Red River basin is a variable, extreme environment, where periods of both excessive rainfall and drought are common. Our objective was to determine flow-ecology relationships of Prairie Chub across wet and dry cycles.
Brewer, S. K., R. Mollenhauer, M. Wedgeworth, D. Swedberg, J. Perkin, and R. Hart. 2019. Flow-ecology relationships in the Great Plains: Changing relationships across wet-dry cycles and in different ecoregions of the Red River Basin. Annual Meeting of the Society for Freshwater Science, Salt Lake City.	May 2018	Streamflow is a “master variable” that largely governs ecological processes in streams. The upper Red River basin is a variable, extreme environment, where periods of both excessive rainfall and drought are common, whereas the lower basin is much more humid. Our objective is to describe how flow-ecology relationships vary across wet-dry cycles, ecoregions, and with species.
Brewer, S. K., J. Dattilo, and D. Shoup. 2018. Water levels and flow patterns that benefit growth and recruitment of lotic and lentic fishes. Annual meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Puerto Rico.	March 2018	Reservoir construction for human-use services alters connected riverine flow patterns and influences fish production. We sampled two pelagic fishes, Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens and Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianu, from two rivers and two reservoirs and related seasonal and annual hydrology patterns to the recruitment and growth of each species.
Brewer, S. K., E Irwin, J Burroughs, M. D. Porter, and K. L. Dibble. Advancing environmental flows: novel findings, challenges to conventional thinking, and embracing uncertainty. Annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Atlantic City	August 2018	The objectives of this symposium are to bring together scientists and managers that are advancing how we think about and apply environmental flow techniques, examine novel findings that challenge conventional thinking, identify underlying uncertainties in the decision process, and identify opportunities to improve the implementation of environmental flows to meet anthropogenic and ecological needs.
Brewer, S. K. and A. Miller. 2020. Factors affecting different nesting behaviors by Neosho Smallmouth Bass: Does clustering relate to higher abundance of young-of-year fish? Annual Meeting of the Southern Division American Fisheries Society, Little Rock.	February 2020	Habitat use knowledge is essential for conserving fish populations, particularly for populations endemic to small geographic regions. Our objective was to examine nesting and rearing habitat of Neosho Smallmouth Bass across multiple years.
Brewer, S. K. 2020. Forging a future for stream fishes under environmental stressors. Annual Meeting of the Natural Resources Conference, Norman.	February 2020	In the eastern and central U.S., more than half our rivers are considered in poor condition. We face significant resource challenges that primarily focus on water quality and quantity. Using freshwater organisms occupying the Great Plains and adjacent ecoregions, I provide examples of ecological challenges specifically aimed at changes in flow and temperature patterns.
Brewer, S. K. 2013. Gone with the Flow: How a Little Fish Is Emblematic of Big Problems in Great Plains Rivers. Natural Resources Ecology and Management Newsletters, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	December 2013	The work is important to improving management options for imperiled fishes of the Great Plains.
Brewer, S. K. 2013. Assessing stream ecosystem threats: What are the factors and scales where management activities are most effective? Spring Creek Coalition. Tulsa, August 14.	August 2013	It is imperative that organizations understand what the threats are to stream ecosystems so they can identify actions to protect or manage key locations for biota.
Brewer SK, TA Worthington, N Farless, D Logue, J Dyer, J Perkin and T Echelle. 2016. Threats to pelagic-broadcast spawning cyprinids. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	Pelagophils are an imperiled group of fishes that are distributed throughout the larger rivers of the Great Plains. This reproductive guild represents approximately 20 diminutive minnows that release semi-buoyant eggs that require minimum velocities to remain in suspension and a substantial length of river to drift during ontogeny. Our objective was to document the current understanding of the status and threats to pelagic broadcast spawning cyprinids and to highlight possibilities for the deve
Brewer SK, TA Worthington, N Farless, D Logue, J Dyer, J Perkin and T Echelle. 2016. Threats to pelagic-broadcast spawning cyprinids. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Kansas City.	August 2016	Pelagophils are an imperiled group of fishes that are distributed throughout the larger rivers of the Great Plains. This reproductive guild represents approximately 20 diminutive minnows that release semi-buoyant eggs that require minimum velocities to remain in suspension and a substantial length of river to drift during ontogeny. Our objective was to document the current understanding of the status and threats to pelagic broadcast spawning cyprinids and to highlight possibilities for the deve
Bowe, Madison, A. Miller, S. K. Brewer. 2018.Effect of suspended bentonite sediment on four stream fish. Annual Meeting of the Society of Freshwater Science, Detroit.	May 2018	Excess sediment in streams in a common pollutant and the effects on many stream fishes are unknown. We evaluated the effects of four suspended sediment concentrations on growth and stress of four stream fishes.
Birdsong, T., D. Krause, J. Leitner, J.M. Long, S. Sammons, and J. Slaughter. 2013. Native Black Bass Initiative: Implementing Watershed-Scale Conservation of Native Fish Populations in Southern US Rivers and Streams. Black Bass Diversity Symposium, Southern Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Nashville.	February 2013	The Native Black Bass Initiative provides a framework for watershed-scale conservation of native fishes in the southern US. This presentation will highlight specific conservation strategies being implemented through the initiative, discuss progress towards identified conservation targets for focal species and watersheds, and highlight opportunities to expand the initiative.
Baxter Vieux, Shannon K Brewer, Thomas Worthington, Jonathan Kennen, and Bill Andrews. 2015.Projecting hydrologic impacts on the Canadian River ecosystem under future climate change scenarios. Oklahoma's Governor's Water Conference, Norman	December 2015	We lack flow-ecology relationships to make environmental flow decisions. The base for those relationships includes hydrologic models that can predict across large scales and include rainfall events. This project includes a summary of a rainfall-runoff model and its application to ecology and climate change projections.
Barrett, D., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 October 2007. Spatiotemporal age structures of expanding river otter populations. Joint Meeting of the Bollenbach Wildlife Symposium and Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Woodward, OK.	October 2007
Barrett, D. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 8 June 2007. Spatiotemporal age structure of expanding river otter populations. 87TH Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Albuquerque, NM.	June 2007
Barrett, D. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 3 November 2006. Surveys for river otter (Lontra canadensis) distribution and Ssatus in Oklahoma. 95th Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Claremore, OK.	November 2006
Barrett, D. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 14 October 2006. River otter (Lontra canadensis) distribution in Oklahoma. Annual Meeting of the Central Plains Society of Mammalogists, Edmond, OK.	October 2006
Barko, V. A., J. H. Shaw, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 19 April 1997. Influence of black-tailed prairie dog colonies on avifaunal richness and abundance. Biological Sciences Symposium, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS.	April 1997
Bales, S., E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1 November 2002. Testing a multivariate GIS model of black bear habitat use at the landscape scale using bait station indices in the Oklahoma District of the Ouachita National Forest. 91ST Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Academy of Science, Oklahoma City, OK.	November 2002
Bales, S., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Leslie, Jr., W. L. Fisher, and J. Hemphill, Jr. 27 February 2003. Population dynamics of black bears (Urus americanus) in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma. Annual Meeting of the Oklahoma Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Stillwater, OK.	February 2003
Bales, S. L., E. C. Hellgren, M. Gregory, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 25 June 2003. Testing habitat suitability models: landscape use by black bears in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma. 83rd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Lubbock, TX.	June 2003
Bales, S. L., E. C. Hellgren, J. B. James, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and W. L. Fisher. 9 September 2003. Testing habitat suitability models: lanscape use by black bears in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma. 10th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Burlington, VT.	September 2003
Bales, S. L., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and W. L. Fisher. 19 April 2003. Population dynamics of black bears in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma. 50th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Association of Naturalists, Norman, OK.	April 2003
Bales Lyda, S. C. Endicott, C. Allen, C. Farquharm C. Teschner, S. Fairbanks, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2013. Status and distribution of black bears in east-cental and northeastern Oklahoma. Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Assoication of Fish and Wildlife Agnecies, Oklahoma CIty, OK	October 2013	Assessing status of colonizing population of black bears in Oklahoma.
Athearn, N, S Brewer, and A Pease. 2017. Watershed-based Conservation Planning for Improved Flow Regimes (Red/Arkansas River Systems). Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2017	Environmental flow protection and enhancement must identify quantifiable objectives, such as key ecological targets and flow requirements needed to sustain those targets.We will discuss how hydrologic changes affect recruitment and growth in both reservoir and river systems to maximize fish production and other ecosystem services provided by fish in both habitats.
Alexander, J, Y. Zhou, S.K. Brewer, and G.A. Fox. 2016. Assessing reservoir operations and the associated changes in downstream water quality on the persistence of stream fishes. Kiamichi River Basin Research Symposium, McAlaster, OK	June 2016	We have a limited understanding of the temperature tolerances of stream fishes and how groundwater-surface water interactions via hyporheic flow mediate stream temperatures at multiple spatial scales. The objectives of this research are: 1) Determine how reservoir releases influence the downstream temperature and dissolved oxygen regime, with an emphasis on the summer, baseflow period, 2) Assess interactions between changes in baseflow levels in the Kiamichi River and hyporheic exchange, which
Alexander, J, Y Zhou, G Fox, and SK Brewer. 2017. Environmental flows for improving downriver thermal conditions for fishes. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Tampa.	August 2017	Reservoir operations affect both downstream water quantity and quality; however, environmental flow releases often focus on water quantity even when water quality is the limiting factor. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of reservoir operations during summer, baseflow conditions as related to stream fish thermal tolerances.
Alexander, J, Y Zhou, G Fox, and SK Brewer. 2015. Assessing reservoir operations and the associated changes in water quality on the persistence of stream fishes. Oklahoma EPSCoR Annual State Conference, Norman.	December 2015	We have a limited understanding of the temperature tolerances of stream fishes and how groundwater-surface water interactions via hyporheic flow mediate stream temperatures at multiple spatial scales. This is particularly significant to populations that reside below dams and are subject to both flow and temperature modifications, coupled with a significant loss of stream habitat.
Alexander JR, N Farless, and SK Brewer. 2016. Variation in critical thermal maximum between stream fishes of two Oklahoma watersheds. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	Expected increases in atmospheric temperatures coupled with summer low-flow conditions in many streams could elevate water temperatures to or beyond the critical thermal maxima (CTM) of many species. CTM is the most common method for determining the maximum tolerances of fishes but results often vary by latitude. We compared the CTM of four fish species of the Blue River watershed to the same species of the Kiamichi River watershed of southeast Oklahoma to determine if regional differences in
A.T. Taylor, J.M. Long, M.D. Tringali, M.R. Schwemm, and S.K. Brewer. 2016. Introgression and Population Structure of Neosho Smallmouth Bass. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City.	February 2016	Neosho Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu velox) is endemic to tributaries of the Arkansas River within the Ozark Highland and Boston Mountain ecoregions of Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Microsatellite markers successfully distinguished Neosho and non-native Smallmouth Bass strains within our study area, and populations of non-native fish grouped together irrespective of geography.
SK Brewer and W.C. Musselman. 2014. Consideration of Functional Connectivity in establishing instream flows for aquatic biota Illinois River Watershed Research and Extension Symposium.	September 2014	Environmental flows are important for the conservation of stream biota. Although a range of flows are necessary for the persistence of aquatic species, minimum-flow standards are often the most basic component. The objective of this study was to assess movement by a subset of stream fishes and relate those movements to discharge.
Mollenhauer, R. and S.K. Brewer. 2014.All-star stream fish: Uncovering the qualities of successful competitors. Natural Resources Ecology and Management Newsletters, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	June 2014	By studying trait combinations possessed by different stream fishes, we can improve sampling methods, relate life-history strategies to the stream environment, and predict future species of concern. This research represents an underexplored use of traits for stream-fish conservation by way of standardizing surveys.
J. Burroughs, B Brown, R Mollenhauer, and S.K. Brewer. 2016. First year survival and dispersal of Neosho smallmouth bass. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Kansas City.	August 2016	Few studies have addressed first year survival and dispersal patterns in streams, especially for genetically-distinct sportfish populations such as Neosho smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu velox. We measured survival and dispersal of young -of-year Neosho smallmouth bass in two Ozark streams during summer 2013.
Brewer SK, D Ryder, W Andrews, R Hart, T Birdong, G Fox, and Y Allen. 2016. Ecological Studies in the Red River Basin. Oklahoma Natural Resources Conference, Oklahoma City	February 2016	The objective of this talk is to provide an overview of research efforts within the basin while emphasizing current research needs.

Theses and Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations	Publication Date
Zhou, Yan. 2018. Quantifying groundwater interactions and implications on thermal regimes of streams. Ph.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University.	December 2017
Wood, G. Keith. Evaluation of the population and habitat status of the endangered interior least tern on the Arkansas River, Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State Univer¬sity, Stillwater. 140 pp. Initial Employment: Biologist, The Nature Conservancy (Oklahoma Chapter), Tulsa, OK.	December 1994
Wolf, S. L. 2019. Movement, survival, and resource use by stocked Rainbow Trout. Master’s thesis. Oklahoma State University. Stillwater, OK.	December 2019
Winton, Bryan R. Breeding ecology of great horned owls and barred owls in relation to nesting interior least terns at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Oklahoma: 1995 and 1996. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 102 pp. Initial Employment: Wildlife Biologist, Lower Rio Grande Refuge Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alamo, TX.	May 1997
Whittier, J. B. 2001. Management implications of population genetics and demographics of least terns (Sterna antillarum). Ph.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 100 pp. Initial Employment: Wildlife Biologist, Ecological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pierre, SD.	December 2001
Whittaker, T. D. 2004. The herpetofauna of Hispaniola with special emphasis on the Dominican Republic: description, anthropogenic effects, and management. M.S. Report Option, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 47 pp. Initial Employment: Wildlife Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services, Tulsa, OK.	December 2004
White, K. M. 2024. The spatial ecology of plains spotted skunks in South Dakota: insights from species distribution, resource selection, and co-occurrence models. Ph.D. Dissertation. South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.	May 2024
Wethington, Traci A. Foraging activity, habitat use, and cave selection by the en¬dangered Ozark big eared bat (Plecotus townsendii ingens). M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 53 pp. Initial Employment: Nongame Biologist, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Frankfurt, KY.	May 1994
Webb, Eric. Limitations in essential amino acid nutrition in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 102 pp. [Co-advised with the late R. L. Lochmiller] Initial Employment: State Agent, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Damage Control, Richmond, VA.	December 2000
Walter, W. David. Ecology of a colonizing population of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus). Ph.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 87 pp. Initial Employment: Post-doctoral Fellow, U.S.D.A. Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO.	May 2006
Utych, Russell B. Compatibility of selenite crystal digging with breeding ecology of least terns and snowy plovers at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 45 pp. Initial Employment: Associate Research Biologist, Kalamazoo Nature Center, Kalamazoo, MI.	December 1993
Townsend, Darrell E., III. Improving management for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus): re-evaluation of movements, nesting habitat and feeding ecology. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 96 pp. [Co-advised with the late R. L. Lochmiller] Initial Employment: Ph.D. Assistantship, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	May 2000
Taylor, A.T. 2017. Influences of fragmentation on fluvial-specialist black bass species. PhD Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 201 pages.	May 2017
Tanner, C.D. 2014. The effects of water quantity on fish assemblage composition in the upper Cimarron River. Master's thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	December 2014
Stone, Kelli L. Shorebird habitat use and response to burned marshes during spring migration in south central Kansas. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 92 pp. Initial Employment: Wildlife Biologist, Ouray National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ouray, UT.	May 1994
Stewart, D.R. 2013. Factors related to stocking success of 178-mm channel catfish in medium size Oklahoma reservoirs. Doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	December 2013
Starks, T.A. 2015. Larval fish ecology in restored habitats in the lower Missouri River. Master's Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	May 2015
Stancill, Wayne J. An evaluation of survey methodology and habitat use of waterfowl on Grand Lake, Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 54 pp. Initial Employment: Refuge Biologist, Horicon Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, Mayville, WI.	July 1989
Spinks, R. L. 2013. Potential effects of climate changes on Ozark big-eared bats and gray bats in Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 51 pp.	May 2013
Snow, R.A. 2014. Life history of juvenile Alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) in Oklahoma. Masters thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 47 pgs.	May 2014
Snavely, B. M. 2023. Home ranges, resource selection, and survival of adult female black bears in a mixed-oak habitat type in northcentral Pennsylvania. M.S. Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.	May 2023
Smith, Stephanie J. Using genetics analyses to gain insight on a rare bat, Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 49 pp. Initial Employment: Wildlife Biologist, Bureau of Land Management, Pinedale, WY.	May 2006
Simmonds, Robert L., Jr. Effects of piscivorous birds, particularly cormorants, on reservoir and aquacultural fishes in Oklahoma. M. S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 91 pp. [Co advised with A. V. Zale] Initial Employment: Fisheries Biologist, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Suffolk, VA.	December 1995
Sequy, L. 2019. Non-native black bass: potential conflicts in fisheries management. Master's thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	May 2019
Schweitzer, Sara H. Abundance and conservation of endangered interior least terns nesting on salt flat habitat. Ph.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 128 pp. Initial Employment: Assistant Professor of Wildlife Ecology, Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.	December 1994
Schulz, Cynthia A. Response of nongame bird populations to herbicides in the Cross Timbers of Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 65 pp. Initial Employment: Biologist, Environmental Section, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.	December 1989
Schuette, James R. Seasonal dietary overlap between hartebeest and roan antelope in Burkina Faso, West Africa. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 158 pp. Initial Employment: Supervisory Biologist III, Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, West Palm Beach, FL.	December 1991
Santillo, David J. Response of small mammals and breeding birds to herbicide induced habitat changes on clearcuts in Maine. M.S. Thesis, University of Maine, Orono. 74 pp. [Served as advisor for 1st half of M.S. program] Initial Employment: Staff Biologist, Ecology and Environment, Ltd., Lancaster, NY.	May 1987
Powers, J. 2016. Factors related to the distribution of freshwater mussels on Muddy and Clear Boggy rivers. MS Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	May 2016
Porta, M.J. 2011. Effects of environmental variation on stocking success of an endemic black bass species in the Chattahoochee River, Georgia. Masters thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	December 2011
Perry, Roger W. Stand- and landscape-level roost selection by forest bats in the Ouachita Mountains. Ph.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 87 pp. Initial Employment: Wildlife Biologist, Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Hot Springs, AR.	July 2006
Nealis, A. 2013. Characteristics of two self-sustaining populations of paddlefish in northeast Oklahoma. Master's thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	December 2013
Musselman, W. C. 2014. The importance of maintaining shallow-water habitats for the movement and survival of stream fishes. M.S. thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	December 2014
Murley, B. P. 2024. Feral swine space use and effects on ecological communities in the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. M.S. Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.	May 2024
Moore, Desiree. 2020. Movement and flow relationships of Great Plains pelagophil fishes. MS Thesis, Oklahoma State University.	May 2020
Mollenhauer, R. 2016. Sampling the stream landscape: Factors influencing detection and distribution of stream fishes. PhD Dissertation. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	December 2016
Miller, O. Dewayne. Efficacy of moist-soil management techniques on Hackberry Flat Wildlife Management Area: response of vegetation, existing soil seed bank, and waterfowl. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 90 pp. Initial Employment: Ranch Manager, Briar Lakes Ranch, L.P., Palestine, TX.	August 2002
Martin, Keith W. Effects of internal gating structures on cave microclimates and management implications for cave-dwelling bats. Ph.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 96 pp. Initial Employment: Assistant Professor, Rogers State University, Claremore, OK.	December 2001
Logue, D. 2023. A survey of fish passage improvement methods in the united states: what are our options? Master's thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	April 2023
Leis, Sherry A. Effects of military training on soil, vegetation, and the small-mammal community in a mixed prairie. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 86 pp. [Co-advised with D. M. Engle] Initial Employment: Botanist, Missouri Department of Wildlife Conservation, Columbia, MO.	December 2004
Koenen, Marcus T. Breeding ecology and management of least terns, snowy plovers, and American avocets. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 108 pp. Initial Employment: Peace Corps, Ecuador, South America.	May 1995
Kleeberg, B. A. 2022. Landscape associations and population genetics of American black bear in the Oklahoma Panhandle. M.S. Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.	May 2024
Kelly, Jeffrey F. The influence of habitat quality on the population decline of the red cockaded woodpecker in the McCurtain County Wilderness Area, Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 50 pp. Initial Employment: Ph.D. As¬sistantship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.	May 1991
Kasson, Shane A. Effects of prescribed burning on cattail (Typha latifolia) dominated marshes. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 53 pp. Initial Employment: Wildlife Biologist, Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Vian, OK.	August 2002
Josh Mouser, M.S. Determining the presence and demographics of cave fish and cave crayfish populations using novel techniques. Oklahoma State University (co-advised with Dr. Ron van den Buscche).	May 2019
Joseph Dyer, Ph.D. Migration strategies and habitat use by Blue Sucker in the Red River Basin. Oklahoma State University.	December 2018
Jones, G. 2024. Response of macroinvertebrates to the presence of fish in Oklahoma ponds. Master's thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	May 2024
Johnston, J. 2017. Improving sampling and monitoring of shovelnose sturgeon in the Great Plains. MS Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	May 2017
Johnson, J.R. 2017. Detection, occupancy and distribution of Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus) in Georgia. Master’s Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 68 pages.	May 2017
Jenks, Jonathan A. Synergistic relationships among important winter forages of white tailed deer. M.S. Thesis, University of Maine, Orono. 55 pp. Initial Employment: Ph.D. Assistantship, Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.	April 1986
Jenks, Jonathan A. Effect of cattle stocking rate on the nutritional ecology of white tailed deer in managed forests of southeastern Oklahoma and southwestern Arkansas. Ph.D. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 131 pp. Initial Employment: As¬sistant Professor, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.	May 1991
Jahrsdoerfer, Sonja E. Tamaulipan brushlands of south Texas: description, human impacts, and management options. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 145 pp. Initial Employment: Nongame Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM.	December 1987
Holley, C.T. 2018. Habitat suitability and detection probability of Longnose Darter (Percina nasuta) in Oklahoma. Master's Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	December 2018
Hensley, G. M. 2010. Fire effects on habitat quality for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) within the Cross Timbers Ecoregion. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 74 pp.	December 2010
Harsh, S. 2021. Pheasant ecology in an agricultural landscape of South Dakota. Ph.D. Dissertation. South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.	June 2021
Hahn, D. 2024. Factors influencing fawn survival and adult female vigilance in a declining population of pronghorn. M.S. Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.	August 2024
Hafen, T. 2020. Landscape-scale factors affecting detection and occurrence of threatened Yaqui Catfish in the Yaqui River basin, Mexico. Master's Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	December 2020
Gatlin, M.R. 2013. The effects of hydrologic alteration on stream fish community structure in Lee Creek, Oklahoma. Master's thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 96 pages.	July 2013
Gary, R. 2021. Factors associated with Paddlefish restoration in Oklahoma: availability of potentially suitable spawning substrates in reservoir tributaries. Master's thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	July 2021
Fetherston, S. C. 2021. Population genetic structure of bobcats (Lynx rufus) in South Dakota: using harvested samples to inform management. M.S. Thesis. South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.	December 2021
Feirer, Shane T. Nesting ecology of ardeids, including cattle egrets, and restoration on Ralstin Island in northcentral Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 91 pp. Initial Employment: Conservation Associate, The Nature Conservancy, Oklahoma Chapter, Tulsa, OK.	December 2000
Faucette, Raymond F., Jr. Evaluation of a recirculating aquaculture-hydroponics system. Ed.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 68 pp. [Co-advised with A. V. Zale] Initial Employment: Langston University, Langston, OK.	December 1997
Farless, N. 2015.The influence of flow alteration on instream habitat and fish assemblages. MS Thesis. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	December 2015
Dyer, J. J. 2014. The impact of flow alterations to crayfishes in southeastern Oklahoma, with an emphasis on the mena crayfish (Orconectes mena). MS Thesis, Oklahoma State University, May.	May 2014
Duck, J.L. 2020. An evaluation of the effectiveness of a trophy Blue Catfish regulation in Oklahoma. Master's thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	May 2020
Dolman, Richard W. 2015. Small mammal communities and functional connectivity in the Lower Rio Grande Valley: a landscape perspective. Ph.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 67 pp.	July 2015
Dattilo, John. 2017. Relationships between hydrology and the production of fishes occupying both river and reservoir environments. MS Thesis, Oklahoma State University	December 2017
Dart, M. M. 2021. Spatial and temporal patterns of sympatric bobcats (Lynx rufus) and coyotes (Canis latrans) in an agricultural landscape. M.S. Thesis. South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.	May 2021
Cole, Matthew L. Wildlife-habitat relationship model, avian community structure, and shorebird habitat use in south-central Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 161 pp. Initial Employment: Research Associate, Murray State University, Murray, KY.	July 1998
Clark, Brenda S. Activity patterns, habitat use, and prey selection by the Ozark big eared bat (Plecotus townsendii ingens). Ph.D. Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 80 pp. Initial Employment: Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, OK.	May 1991
Civiello, A.P. 2016. Effect of shallow-water habitat quantity on young-of-year shovelnose sturgeon prey use and condition along a longitudinal gradient. Master's Thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 80 pages.	December 2016
Cartabiano, E.C. 2014. Excessive sedimentation in reservoirs: effects on fish communities and feeding efficiency. Master's thesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.	December 2014
Brown, Angela G. Demographic characteristics and habitat associations of an expanding black bear (Ursus americanus) population in Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma University, Stillwater. 55 pp. Initial Employment: Wildlife Biologist, Ecological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tulsa, OK.	May 2008
Barstow, A. L. 2010. Ecology and conservation of the Pantanal Cat, Leopardus braccatus (Cope, 1889): a species account. M.S. Report Option, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. 38 pp.	May 2010
Barrett, D. A. 2008. Status and population characteristics of the northern river otter (Lontra canadensis) in central and eastern Oklahoma. M.S. Thesis, Oklahoma University, Stillwater. 114 pp. Initial Employment: Wildlife Biologist, Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Yuma, AZ.	May 2008
Andy Miller, Ph.D. Assessing the spawning movement and habitat needs of riverine Neosho Smallmouth Bass. Oklahoma State University.	August 2019
Alexander, Justin. 2017. Determining the effects of thermal increases on stream fishes of the Ouachita Mountain ecoregion. MS Thesis, Oklahoma State University.	December 2017

Technical Publications

Technical Publications	Publication Date
Zale, A. V., D. M. Leslie, Jr., W. L. Fisher, and S. G. Merrifield. 1989. The physicochemistry, flora, and fauna of intermittent prairie streams: a review of the literature. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 89(5). 44pp.	November 1989
Zale, A. V., D. M. Leslie, Jr., W. L. Fisher, and S. G. Merrifield. 1989. Literature review of the physicochemical conditions, plants, and animals of intermittent prairie streams. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Information Transfer, Fort Collins, CO. 129pp.	September 1989
Wood, G. K., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1993. Breeding biology of interior least terns on the Arkansas River below Keystone Dam, summer 1993. Final Report to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa, OK. 52pp.	April 1993
Wood, G. K., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1992. Breeding biology of interior least terns on the Arkansas River below Keystone Dam, summer 1992. Final Report to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa, OK. 36pp.	June 1992
Winkelman, D.L. and C. Sager. 2002. Evaluation of hybrid bluegill for use in urban recreational fisheries. Aid in Sportfish Restoration Final Report. F-41-R. 53pp.	August 2002
Walter, W.D., and D.M. Leslie, Jr. Population characteristics and movements of elk (Cervus elaphus) outside the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. Final Report, Federal Aid Project W-148-R Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City. 203 pp.	June 2006
Walter, W. D., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2006. Population characteristics and movements of elk (Cervus elaphus) outside the Wichita Mountains National Refuge. Final Report, Federal Aid Project W-148-R, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City. 34 pp. + 155 pp. Appendices.	September 2006
Utych, R. B., R. Krey, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1994. Electrified fencing reduced predation on least tern and snowy plover eggs and chicks. U.S. National Biological Survey Research Information Bulletin 94-10. 3pp.	December 1994
Townsend, D., R. L. Lochmiller, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1999. Improving management for bobwhite quail: re-evaluation of movements, group dynamics, and feeding ecology. Final Report, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 56 pp.	August 1999
Stewart, M. D., D. S. Nicholson, R. E. Masters, R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and T. G. Bidwell. 1998. Factors influencing eastern wild turkey nesting success: Part II. Final report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 61 pp.	November 1998
Stark, W. J., A. V. Zale, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1991. Unique electrofishing boat for remote streams. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Information Bulletin 91-10. 2pp.	October 1991
Stancill, W. J., S. B. Haggard, R. F. Raskevitz, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1988. Waterfowl use and hunting opportunities on Grand Lake and ancillary wetlands. Final Report to Benham-Holway Power Group, Tulsa, OK. 97pp.	September 1988
Simmonds, R. L., Jr., A. V. Zale, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1995. Effects of piscivorous birds, particularly cormorants, on reservoir and aquacultural fishes in Oklahoma. Final Report to Fishery Resources, Region 2, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. Exec. Sum. 5 pp. + Text 91 pp.	October 1995
Shaw, J. H., T. S. Carter, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1991. Preliminary assessment of black-tailed prairie dog colonies for reintroduction of black-footed ferrets in western Oklahoma. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 17pp.	August 1991
Shackford, J. S., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2000. Status of the mountain plover on cultivated landscapes in western Oklahoma. Final Report, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 17 pp. + 20 App.	January 2000
Shackford, J. S., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1996. Success with species at risk: mountain plover (Caradrius montanus). Final Report to the U.S. National Biological Service, Washington, D.C. 23 pp.	May 1996
Shackford, J. S., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1995. Mountain plover breeding activity on cultivated fields. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 23 pp.	July 1995
Schulz, C. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. L. Lochmiller. 1989. Response of avifauna to herbicide treatment in the Cross Timbers ecosystem of Oklahoma. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 28pp.	April 1989
Schreiner, D. F., H. Lee, S. Choi, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. Harper. 1995. Economic feasibility of a year-round trout fishery below Broken Bow Dam, Oklahoma. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 55 pp.	August 1995
San Joaquin Restoration Program. Draft released 2011. Program Environmental Impact Statement/Report. San Joaquin River Restoration Program. http://www.restoresjr.net/program_library/02-Program_Docs/index.html	April 2011
Rybak, A. R., D. M. Leslie, Jr., S. D. Fuhlendorf, F. S. Guthery, and C. A. Davis. 2005. Landscape-level assessment of the status of northern bobwhites in eastern Oklahoma. Final Report, Federal Aid Project W-151-R, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City. 213 pp.	June 2005
Riedle, D. R., P. A. Shipman, S. F. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1999. Status, distribution, and habitat use of the alligator snapping turtle in Oklahoma. Final Report, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 34 pp.	January 1999
Rao, M., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2004. Vegetation mapping around Lake Hudson, Oklahoma. Final Report, The Benham Companies, Inc., Tulsa, OK. 17 pp. + CD-ROM.	December 2004
Puckette, W., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1993. Management of the endangered Ozark big-eared bat: continued cave searches and colony monitoring. Final report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK 9pp.	February 1993
Pike, J. R., J. H. Shaw, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1997. A geographic analysis of the status of mountain lions in Oklahoma. Final Report to Wildlife Forever, Minnetonka, MN and the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 66 pp.	August 1997
Parsons, J. L., E. C. Hellgren, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2002. The effects of nitrogen enrichment on nitrogen cycling and structure in plant and small-mammal communities: Part 2. Nitrogen requirements and nitrogen flux in small mammals under known nitrogen intakes. Final Report, Interagency Agreement DW 14938554-01-0, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Ada, OK. 69 pp + 18 tables and 39 figures.	April 2002
Onorato, D. P., E. C. Hellgren, R. A. Van Den Bussche, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2002. Genetic structure of black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Big Bend/Sierra del Carmen borderlands of Mexico and the United States. Final Report, U.S. National Park Service, Big Bend, TX. 7 pp.	January 2002
Onorato, D. P., E. C. Hellgren, R. A. Van Den Bussche, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2001. Conservation ecology of an isolated population of black bears in the Big Bend ecosystem. Final Report, Natural Resources Preservation Program, Project 97-08, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Denver, CO and Big Bend National Park, U.S. National Park Service, TX. 63 pp.	February 2002
O'Connell, T. J., S. McConnell, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2007. Population status of the Mountain Plover and Long-billed Curlew in the Oklahoma Panhandle. Final Report, State Wildlife Grant T-4-P-1, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City. 12 pp. + 159 pp. Appendix.	January 2007
Nicholson, L. L., J. H. Shaw, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. E. Masters. 1998. Abundance, food habits, and habitat use by mammalian predators on Pushmataha Wildlife Managment Area. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 43 pp.	September 1998
Nicholson, D. S., M. D. Stewart, R. L. Lochmiller, D. M. Leslie, Jr., R. E. Masters, and T. G. Bidwell. 1998. Factors influencing eastern wild turkey nesting success: Part I. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 56 pp.	November 1998
National Park Service, Southeast Region. 2010. Coastal and ocean park strategy: research and monitoring priorities. Atlanta, Georgia.	May 2010
Miller, O. D., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2002. Efficacy of moist-soil management techniques on Hackberry Flat Wildlife Management Area: responses of vegetation, existing soil seed bank, and waterfowl. Final Report, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 88 pp.	June 2002
Lusk, J. J., F. S. Guthery, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2004. Analysis of bobwhite demographics, ranges, and mobility on the Packsaddle Wildlife Management Area. Final Performance Report, Grant Number W-149-R-3, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City. 53 pp.	August 2004
Long, J. 2015. Atractosteus spatula (on-line). Digital Morphology. Available http://digimorph.org/specimens/Atractosteus_spatula/	July 2015
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and W. J. Stancill. 1990. Differences in waterfowl census methods on a large, multiple-use reservoir. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Information Bulletin 90-63. 2pp.	June 1990
Leslie, D. M., Jr., and S. T. Ferier. 2001. Impact of restoration of Ralstin Island on an extant ciconiiform rookery. Final Report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. Exec. Sum. 4 pp. + Text 91 pp.	December 2001
Leslie, D. M., Jr., J. S. Shackford, A. Woodward, S. D. Fuhlendorf, and C. B. Greene. 1999. Landscape-level evaluation of the decline of the lesser prairie chicken in Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico. Final Report, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 63 pp.	April 1999
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2008. Black bear research in Oklahoma. Natural Resource News 2(3):5	August 2008
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2008. A naturalist and other beasts: tales from a life in the field (Book Review). Journal of Mammalogy 89:255.	February 2008
Leslie, D. M., Jr. 2007. The Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Natural Resource News 1(2): 1, 6.	May 2007
Koenen, M. T., R. B. Utych, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1995. Compatibility of selenite crystal digging and nesting success of interior least terns and other charadriforms at Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge. Final Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. 53pp.	March 1995
Kelly, J. F., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1991. Status and habitat relationship of the red-cockaded woodpeckers in Oklahoma. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 33pp.	January 1991
Jorgensen, E. E., S. M. Holub, P. M. Mayer, M. E. Gonsoulin, R. G. Silva, A. E. West, S. J. Tunnell, J. E. Clark, J. L. Parsons, D. M. Engle, E. C. Hellgren, J. D. H. Spears, C. E. Bulter, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Ecosystem stress from chronic exposure to low levels of nitrate. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory EPA/600/R-05/087. 35 pp.	May 2006
Jenks, J. A., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and R. L. Lochmiller. 1990. Food habits and nutritional condition of white-tailed deer and cattle under varying stocking rates on managed forests. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 91pp.	January 1990
Jahrsdoerfer, S. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1988. Tamaulipan brushlands of south Texas: description, human impacts, and management options. Final Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Information Transfer, Fort Collins, CO. 159pp.	February 1988
Jahrsdoerfer, S. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1988. Tamaulipan brushland of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of south Texas: description, human impacts, and management options. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 88(36). 63pp.	February 1988
Hellgren, E. C., S. L. Bales, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2003. Landscape use and population dynamics of black bears in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma. Final report, Federal Aid Project W-147-R, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, OK. 46 pp.	August 2003
Hellgren, E. C., M. Criffield, K. Freel, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Abundance and habitat associations of the swift fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Oklahoma. Final Report, Project R-3, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City. 26 pp.	February 2005
Hellgren, E. C., K. Freel, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2005. Surveys of the swift fox (Vulpes velox) in western Oklahoma. Final Report T-4-P-1, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City. 29 pp.	November 2005
Hellgren, E. C., J. B. James, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1998. Testing a multivariate, GIS model of black bear habitat use in the Oklahoma District of the Ouachita National Forest. Final Report to the National Forest Foundation, Washington, D.C. and the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 27 pp. + CD-ROM.	May 1998
Hackler, J. C., R. A. Van Den Bussche, S. F. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2006. Genetic variation within and among natural and captive populations of alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temmincki) in Oklahoma. Final Report, State Wildlife Grant T-5-P-1, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City. 9 pp. + 39 pp. Appendix.	March 2006
Gido, K.B., L.A. Bruckerhoff, J.S. Perkin, G. Suleiman, and J. Luginbill. 2021. Barrier prioritization to enhance habitat for Topeka shiner in Flint Hills Streams, Kansas. Final report to USFWS, Manhattan, KS.	September 2021
Fisher, W. L., D. M. Leslie, Jr., M. L. Cole, and W. S. Chappell. 1998. GIS-based biological resources inventory of the Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge. Final Report to Trust for Public Land, Santa Fe, NM and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, NM. 186 pp + CD-ROM.	June 1998
Erickson, N. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1988. Soil-vegetation correlations in coastal Mississippi wetlands. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 89(3). 48pp.	January 1988
Erickson, N. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1988. Soil-vegetation correlations in coastal Mississippi wetlands. Final Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Research Center, Fort Collins, CO. 47pp.	January 1988
Erickson, N. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1988. Shoreline vegetation and general wildlife values around Grand Lake, Oklahoma. Final Report to Benham-Holway Power Group, Tulsa, OK. 69pp.	January 1988
Erickson, N. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1988. Impacts of the rule curve change on shoreline vegetation and wildlife around Grand Lake, Oklahoma. Final Report to Benham-Holway Power Group, Tulsa, OK. 20pp.	January 1988
Erickson, N. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1987. Vegetation-soil correlations in Rainwater Basin and Sandhill wetlands of Nebraska. Final Report, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Center, Fort Collins, CO. 159pp.	February 1987
Erickson, N. E., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1987. Soil-vegetation correlations in the Sandhills and Rainwater Basin wetlands of Nebraska. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 87(11). 78pp.	March 1987
Engle, D. M., S. Tunnell, E. C. Hellgren, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2002. The effects of nitrogen enrichment on nitrogen cycling and structure in plant and small-mammal communities: Part 1. Nitrogen and carbon pools in plants and soils and vegetation dynamics. Final Report, Interagency Agreement DW 14938554-01-0, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Ada, OK. 74 pp.	April 2002
Davis, C. A., and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2008. Effects of mountain biking activity on foraging and nesting behavior of golden-cheeked warblers. Final Report, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development Center, Champaign, IL. 57 pp.	February 2008
Crosswhite, D. L., S. F. Fox, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1995. Status survey of the Ouachita dusky salamander. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 40pp + 6 maps.	March 1995
Corley/Martinez, B. A., W. L. Fisher, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 1995. GIS-based validation of the Habitat Suitability Model for the great blue heron. Final Report to the U.S. National Biological Service, Division of Cooperative Research, Washington, D.C. 69pp.	May 1995
Clark, J., E. C. Hellgren, J. L. Parsons, S. Tunnell, D. M. Engle, and D. M. Leslie, Jr. 2002. The effects of nitrogen enrichment on nitrogen cycling and structure in plant and small-mammal communities: Part 3. Population dynamics and nitrogen flux of small mammals across a nitrogen-amended landscape. Final Report, Interagency Agreement DW 14938554-01-0, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Ada, OK. 79 pp.	April 2002
Clark, B. K., D. M. Leslie, Jr., and B. S. Clark. 1992. Micro- and macrohabitat characteristics of caves within the range of the Ozark big-eared bat (Plecotus townsendii ingens) in eastern Oklahoma. Final Report to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Oklahoma City, OK. 26pp.	February 1992
Choi, S., D. F. Schreiner, D. M. Leslie, Jr., and J. Harper. 1993. Economic analysis of the Mountain Fork River trout fishery in southeastern Oklahoma. Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station Research Report P-932. 26 pp.	January 1993

Data or Software Releases

Type	Citation	Publication Date
Software Release	Long, J.M., and Kocovsky, P.M., 2022, Daily ages of young-of-year Silver Chub from western Lake Erie, 2017-2018: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P90A4UGJ.	April 2022
Data Release	Gonzalez, A., and Long, J. M., 2023, Stomach contents and consumption percentage from age-0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon in the Missouri River, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KWJ8W7.	November 2022

Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: Oklahoma
Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources

Oklahoma Research Activities

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Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: Oklahoma Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources

Oklahoma Research Activities

Links

Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: Oklahoma
Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources