North Carolina Research: Projects, Research Publications, Presentations, Thesis and Dissertations, Technical Publications

North Carolina Research Activities

Edye Kornegay holding a Sharp-shinned Hawk while mist-netting in Four Oaks, NC.

Most of the research projects undertaken by the NC Unit are field oriented and conducted by graduate students in close cooperation with Unit, other University, and agency biologists. These projects address the research and technical needs of the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, NC Wildlife Resources Commission, NC State University, and other State and Federal agencies and private organizations. The NC Unit also facilitates and administers funding for research conducted by cooperating faculty at NC State University to address research needs by State and Federal cooperating agencies.

Projects

Project	Completion Date
American eel age and growth assessment in the Roanoke River, North Carolina.	June 2018	We will systematically sample American eels from the Roanoke River in North Carolina. Eels will be sampled near the river mouth, upstream above and below high dams to specifically characterize the American eel population within the Roanoke River mainstem. Additionally, the age, sex, and presence of a parasite in swimbladders of individual fish will be determined from sampled eels. Finally, age, growth, and mortality of American eels will be modeled in relation to location sampled, sex, and the presence of parasites as data allow. Information from these objectives will be synthesized to provide a better understanding of American eel ecology and management.	We will systematically sample American eels from the Roanoke River in North Carolina. Eels will be sampled near the river mouth, upstream above and below high dams to specifically characterize the American eel population within the Roanoke River mainstem. Additionally, the age, sex, and presence of a parasite in swimbladders of individual fish will be determined from sampled eels. Finally, age, growth, and mortality of American eels will be modeled in relation to location sampled, sex, and the presence of parasites as data allow. Information from these objectives will be synthesized to provide a better understanding of American eel ecology and management.
Environmental Determinants of Sex in Fishes: Endocrine Disruptors and Water Temperature	September 2016	The mechanisms of phenotypic sex determination in fishes are well understood but the process can be easily altered by the fish’s environment. Because fish are in intimate contact with the water, compounds within the water, or the quality of the water itself, can directly influence fish physiology and disrupt or alter the normal hormonal cascade that leads to their phenotypic sex. The objectives of this proposal are to: 1. conduct a survey for the presence of EDCs and intersex in common fish at sites along a flowing water system influenced by PCB contamination and municipal wastewater effluent, and 2. determine whether southern flounder in two brackishwater nursery areas have skewed sex-ratios based on temperature using molecular biomarkers and physiological indicators (Na/K ATPase). This work will provide critical insight into the role of anthropogenic chemicals (EDCs) and natural temperature variations on important aquatic species.	None
Robust Redhorse Recovery and Habitat Restoration: Assessing Water Quality Stressors and Food Web Contaminant Dynamics	December 2017	The robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum) is a rare and imperiled, large catostomid fish found in only three regulated river drainages in the southeastern U.S. It has large pharyngeal teeth for crushing mollusks and other invertebrates known to sequester anthropogenic contaminants. The robust redhorse has been negatively affected by habitat modification and fragmentation from hydroelectric dams, introduced species, sedimentation, and water pollution and is protected by state endangered status in Georgia and North Carolina. Previous research by the authors and their students on physical instream habitat suitability has shown that habitat suitability will be enhanced by prescribed flow augmentations from hydroelectric dam releases; however, the impacts of water quality and contaminant loads remain unknown. In addition to the unknown effects of traditional organic and inorganic contaminants, recent research suggests that the impact of emerging contaminants, such as endocrine disrupting compounds, may be of significant detriment to fishes in the Pee Dee River. To further elucidate the impact and potential threat of water quality and contaminant dynamics on the robust redhorse, we proposed six research objectives to pursue in the Pee Dee River of North Carolina and South Carolina. We will (1) conduct systematic field sampling of habitat and food web components, (2) conduct experimental field bioassay exposures with captively-propagated fish, (3) perform laboratory analyses of traditional and emerging contaminants (4) determine aquatic food web structure, (5) develop population and food web models to describe effects of habitat and water quality modifications, and (6) synthesize results for robust redhorse recovery from population and ecosystem perspectives. This research is unique in that it will yield results and inference that are descriptive (systematic sampling), explanatory (experimental bioassays, food web analyses), and predictive (population and food web modeling) at multiple scales and across disciplines to inform decision making and management. If the proposed research is funded and conducted, it will guide management objectives and goals for species recovery and habitat restoration.	The robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum) is a rare and imperiled, large catostomid fish found in only three regulated river drainages in the southeastern U.S. It has large pharyngeal teeth for crushing mollusks and other invertebrates known to sequester anthropogenic contaminants. The robust redhorse has been negatively affected by habitat modification and fragmentation from hydroelectric dams, introduced species, sedimentation, and water pollution and is protected by state endangered status in Georgia and North Carolina. Previous research by the authors and their students on physical instream habitat suitability has shown that habitat suitability will be enhanced by prescribed flow augmentations from hydroelectric dam releases; however, the impacts of water quality and contaminant loads remain unknown. In addition to the unknown effects of traditional organic and inorganic contaminants, recent research suggests that the impact of emerging contaminants, such as endocrine disrupting compounds, may be of significant detriment to fishes in the Pee Dee River.
Assessing the effects of the National Park Service predator and vehicle management practices on nesting shorebirds at Cape Hatteras National Seashore	November 2017	The study will be comprised of two components. 1) An examination of historic predator and vehicle management practices and American Oystercatcher distribution, abundance, and productivity data to assess whether these practices are meeting the National Seashores short and long-term management objectives. This work will model spatial and temporal patterns of American Oystercatcher abundance and productivity from 1998 to the present in relation to relevant covariates including: the proximity and intensity of predator management, vehicle and pedestrian closure type, vehicle and pedestrian intensity, and causes of nest failure. Response variables will include the number of nesting pairs, hatching success, and fledging success. 2) An experimental evaluation of current vehicle and pedestrian closures for breeding American Oystercatchers to determine the relationship between closure type, size, and duration and oystercatcher behavior, physiology, and nesting success. Methods developed for American Oystercatchers at Cape Look National Seashore from 2010 – 2012 will be used to quantify the sensitivity of nesting birds to vehicles and pedestrians. Digital video and heart rate monitors embedded in artificial eggs will record changes in bird behavior and physiology in relation to the proximity of vehicles and pedestrians. Studies of the movement, activity patterns, and habitat use of radio-tagged birds will quantify the habitat requirements and behavioral responses of adults and pre-fledging chicks to various types of anthropogenic disturbance.	None
Responses of Targeted Herpetological Communities to Fire Management Practices in Pine-Oak Forests of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park	July 2014	Forest managers at the Great Smoky Mountains National Park are working to reintroduce a fire regime that once characterized the southwest portion of the park. However, managers are uncertain about the effects of fire - especially detrimental effects - on populations of amphibians and reptiles. This project will investigate relationships between prescribed fire management and herptile community response in this area of the park. The investigation will rely on field sampling and predictive modeling approaches. The outcome of this study, along with a companion project on bird community associations with fire management, will help inform park managers about responses by forest fauna to the reintroduction of fire.	None
Modeling suitable habitat for the robust redhorse in the Pee Dee River.	May 2012	The robust redhorse, Moxostoma robustum, was rediscovered in 1980, 110 years after its description. This fish was first discovered by Edward Cope in the Yadkin/PeeDee River of North Carolina in 1869. However, this largest of the redhorse species was lost to science until it was recently rediscovered in Georgia. Historically, the fish was found in large Atlantic slope rivers from the Altamaha River in Georgia to the Pee Dee River in North and South Carolina. Habitat loss and spawning disruption by dams were identified by the Robust Redhorse Conservation Committee as a one of several threats to the robust redhorse. Robust redhorse historically occurred in the Pee Dee River between Tillery Dam and Blewett Falls Lake, but are presumed to be extirpated from that reach. Habitat analyses in the lotic reach upstream of Blewett Falls Lake, based on the newly developed habitat suitability criteria for the robust redhorse, would inform river managers on the feasibility of potential reintroduction of the species into that reach. Cooperative research is underway to accomplish the following objectives with the ultimate goal to improve our understanding of robust redhorse reproductive and habitat ecology and guide management to ensure the long-term survival and population enhancement of this imperiled species. 1. Quantitatively describe instream habitat availability under varying flow volumes in the unimpounded, lotic reach of the Pee Dee River upstream of Blewett Falls Lake. 2. Model the quantity of suitable robust redhorse habitat in that reach under varying flows, based on habitat suitability criteria for the species (spawning and non-spawning). This research will improve our understanding of a little-known and rare imperiled fish, that may require specific management activities, such as population reintroduction or augmentation in this and other regulated river systems.	None
Sicklefin Redhorse Ontogeny, Recruitment, and Priority Habitats in Regulated Rivers.	June 2017	The sicklefin redhorse Moxostoma sp. (Catostomidae) is a potamodromous, undescribed and imperiled fish in the southern Appalachian Mountains. It is a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act, but little is known of its biology and ecology. Previous research by Kwak and others increased the knowledge of sicklefin redhorse reproductive ecology and behavior, based on adult fish. This research will examine the early life history and ecology of the sicklefin redhorse and its congeners, especially as related to habitat suitability, dams, and invasive predators. Our primary objectives include (1) estimate the reproductive success of the sicklefin redhorse at early life stages in terms of abundance and growth, relative to sympatric congeneric species; (2) describe ontogenetic shifts in sicklefin redhorse habitat use and suitability during early life stages and relative to that of adult fish; (3) determine the effects of introduced fishes on sicklefin redhorse recruitment; and (4) add to the spatial database on important sicklefin redhorse spawning areas. Genetic techniques will be applied to identify larval and juvenile fish. Improved knowledge, particularly of the early life history of the species, will inform and guide critical future decisions in river management and dam relicensing that directly affect the survival of this imperiled fish.	The sicklefin redhorse Moxostoma sp. (Catostomidae) is a potamodromous, undescribed and imperiled fish in the southern Appalachian Mountains. It is a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act, but little is known of its biology and ecology. Previous research by Kwak and others increased the knowledge of sicklefin redhorse reproductive ecology and behavior, based on adult fish. This research will examine the early life history and ecology of the sicklefin redhorse and its congeners, especially as related to habitat suitability, dams, and invasive predators.
Characterizing habitat suitability for American Shad in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River	December 2013	In the Yadkin – Pee Dee River Basin in South Carolina and North Carolina, the extent of fish migrations has been greatly reduced by the presence of dams. Habitat loss due to dam construction is one of the factors contributing to declines of anadromous fish species along the Atlantic Coast. At present, there are no facilities for fish passage at Yadkin-Pee Dee dams, but options are being explored. The primary objective of this study is to characterize and evaluate the suitability of fish habitat upstream of dams on the Yadkin - Pee Dee River. Our focal species will be anadromous American shad Alosa sapidissima, with potential generalization to other species. Characterizing the suitability of habitat above the Yadkin – Pee Dee Hydroelectric Project dams is an important step in guiding diadromous fish passage and restoration efforts.	None
Extending the Adaptive Management Framework	March 2013	This project is designed to designed to develop optimization approaches for strategic habitat conservation decisions in the context of the non-stationarity that characterizes climate and land use change and the supporting software to encourage the application of structured decision making and adaptive resource managment by decision analysts across the United States and elsewhere.	None
Keystone Field to Market Initiative	December 2012	This is a pilot project to define a biodiversity sustainability metric for commercially grown corn, wheat, cotton, and soy crops in the Southeast. This project is funded by the Field to Market project, Keystone Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture (http://www.fieldtomarket.org/) and The Nature Conservancy. This project will serve as a proof of concept to explore the use of a biodiversity metric which can inform producers about the possible influence their practices may have on species within and around agricultural fields.	None
Research and Applications in Support of the National Gap Analysis Program	September 2016	The goals of this project are to efficiently monitor landscape changes, extend the breadth of species-habitat models for assessments at multiple scales, and refine and develop BBNs and decision analysis techniques aimed at evaluating and implementing adaptation strategies by DOI Climate Science Centers (CSC) and the Land Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs).	None
Systems' Response to Climate Change Projections and Species-distribution Models in the Caribbean	September 2013	This project will use downscale climate data to: 1) model climate-change related effects on water quantity and water temperature across Puerto Rico, and 2) model vegetation dynamics to project future land covers. These data will be used to assess the potential impacts of model projections on predicted distributions of flora and fauna using as benchmark PR Gap Analysis Program databases.	None
Factors influencing native aquatic plant revegetation success for enhanced sport fish habitat in North Carolina Piedmont reservoirs	June 2016	We propose a systematic and quantitative controlled-experience field experiment to assess the relative habitat use of native and invasive plants for sport fish support functions at multiple spatial scales. Our goal is to understand factors contributing to aquatic vegetation establishment, costs of vegetation establishment, and sport fish habit value on both a micro- and macro-habitat scale. Research Objectives: Objective 1. Compile an extensive literature review and develop a complete reference guide on vegetation native to North Carolina and revegetation techniques with an emphasis on sport fish habitat in Piedmont reservoirs. Objective 2. Evaluate the cost per unit established of selected native aquatic plants identified in Objective 1 for their sport fish habitat value. In addition, this objective will determine native plant establishment success in the presence or absence of hydrilla and the benefit of herbivore exclosures on native plant establishment and spread. Objective 3: Assess the relative habitat use of native and invasive aquatic plants for sport fish support functions at multiple spatial scales. Objective 4: Disseminate project results to resource managers and stakeholders.	None
Stocked trout survival, behavior, and ecology in North Carolina streams	December 2015	The goal of this research is to define the extent and causes of stocked trout migration and mortality among species and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible. We will combine intensive and extensive studies to determine the persistence of stocked trout in designated reaches and streams, and then the associated processes and mechanisms will be sought in a subset of stream reaches. Fish behavior and ecology will be examined to gain an understanding of the factors that may affect stocked fish growth, condition, and survival. Results may be used to inform and guide management actions to improve resource management strategies and to educate fishery constituents and the public.	None
A comprehensive examination of endocrine disrupting compounds and intersex fish in North Carolina water bodies.	June 2016	To address these issues and significant data gaps in North Carolina water bodies, we have developed the following aims with the goal of establishing a comprehensive understanding of the impact of EDC contaminants to fisheries in the state. Objectives: 1. Develop a GIS-based map of potential sources of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) in North Carolina water bodies. 2. Conduct a statewide survey for the presence of EDCs and intersex in common fish in North Carolina water bodies. 3. Quantify seasonal dynamics of EDCs and intersex in NC water bodies and fish. 4. Conduct intensive field research and experimental bioassays on intersex fish and EDC dynamics in the Pee Dee River Basin. 5. Laboratory assessment of endocrine disruption and intersex in Pee Dee River water mixtures.	None
Assessing endangered marsh rabbit and woodrat habitat use and feral cat population dynamics using photographic, video, and RFID capture-recapture data	July 2016	The lower keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri) and the Key Largo woodrat (Neotoma floridana smalli) are endangered species endemic to the Florida Keys. Their survival is threatened by a variety of factors including habitat change, sea level rise, and introduced predators like feral cats that thrive in human-dominated landscapes. Research has suggested that management actions focusing on the interactions among these factors are needed. Current management objectives include assessing the co-occurrence of marsh rabbits and cats, estimating the distribution and abundance of feral cat populations, and evaluating the efficacy of artificial structures and other restoration efforts for woodrats. We propose to use photographic, video, and RFID capture-recapture methodologies to inform the management of these two endangered species. Our primary objectives are to: (1) use camera trapping methods to validate marsh rabbit pellet count occupancy estimates and to estimate population size and movement of feral cats, and (2) use camera traps, video, and RFID tag monitoring to assess use of artificial structures by woodrats and to estimate the population size and movement of feral cats in woodrat habitat.	None
Assessing the effects of the National Park Service prescribed fire program on the breeding bird community in Great Smoky Mountains National Park	November 2014	The southwestern corner of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM), with its dry pine and oak-hickory forests, steep slopes drained by small tumbling creeks, scattered old home sites, wetlands, and extensive fire history, provides diverse habitat for a variety of birds. Many of these species are restricted to habitats declining elsewhere and limited in the park by past fire management practices. Prescribed fire has been introduced in the past 20 years, as well as a policy allowing naturally caused fires to burn. The resulting mosaic of mature trees, dense regeneration and open savannah-like forest has changed the landscape significantly. This area was the last known habitat for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker; several other bird species whose habitat is improved by fire are likely to be present. Characterizing the habitat and identifying breeding birds will guide the park in fire management decisions and help improve habitat. This project will provide fundamental information to evaluate possible reintroduction of red-cockaded woodpeckers and target habitat management for other bird species of concern.	None
Estimation of United States Atlantic Red Snapper Abundance (phase II)	August 2025	Previously collected trap and video data, along with ROV survey data, will be used to estimate red snapper abundance within an integrated population modeling framework. Population models require spatial replication over the study area of interest and temporal replicates that are independent but close enough in time to ensure population closure. The proposed study would use trap and video count data to estimate detection probability and abundance of red snapper with an integrated populaiton model fitted in a Bayesian framework. Covariates that influence red snapper detection probability and abundance will be used to predict abundance (with associated uncertainty) at habitats that are similar to SEFIS sampling sites but not sampled. We will conduct workshops with reef fishery stakeholders to assist with identification of non-sampled hard bottom habitats. Based on past work, covariates important to red snapper abundance are likely to include bottom temperature, depth, latitude, and substrate type. A key question with this work is the spatial area that an individual SEFIS trap and video station effectively samples. Recently, project collaborators measured the response of red snapper around baited traps using fine spatial scale telemetry data, and response distance information will be used to estimate the sampled area at trap stations. Red snapper densities derived from ROV surveys will also be estimated at habitat types generally not sampled by SEFIS. Spatial maps of important covariates and habitat type will be used to generate abundance by area across the study region. These individual abundance values would be summed to estimate abundance of red snapper (with associated uncertainty) in the US Atlantic.	None
Aquatic species distribution modeling to inform recovery and conservation	September 2028	This projects aims to use integrated species distribution models to inform conservation decision-making for aquatic species listed under the Endangered Species Act.	None
Integrating Research and Monitoring Programs to Quantify Abundance, Occupancy, and Persistence Probability: Canada Lynx at the Edge of their Southern Range	December 2025	This study aims to develop and apply methods that combine less expensive survey methods (e.g., detection/non-detection data) with targeted research studies (e.g., capture-recapture) to estimate lynx abundance, quantify lynx population growth and distribution, and identify landscape variables that influence lynx persistence.	None
Assessing the responses of breeding shorebirds to military jet overflights of the Core MOA at Cape Lookout National Seashore	July 2012	The U.S. Marine Corps and the National Park Service (NPS) have recently agreed to lower the altitude for tactical speed operations (>250 kts) in the Core Military Operations Area (Core MOA, Figure 1) over Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO). The Core MOA allows high speed (> 250 knots) ingress/egress over a portion of CALO. Previously, the tactical speed ceiling through this Core MOA was set at 10,000 ft; the new ceiling is set at 3,000 ft. A conservation question emanating from this change is whether the change could increase the disturbance of nesting shorebirds. In a letter dated 17 September 2008 from the NPS (David Vela, SE Regional Director) to the U.S. Marines (Colonel Ruvalcaba, FAA SE Region), the NPS expressed interest in a 3-yr research study to “study the noise effects of the MOA on nesting shorebirds,” with unresolved issues including “1) Does noise from low flying aircraft disrupt adults from incubating nests?, 2) How long does it take for the adult to return to the nest?, 3) If adults are disturbed during incubation on several occasions, will they eventually abandon the nest?, 4) Does the noise from low flying aircraft cause adults to leave the area while ‘guarding’ flightless chicks?, 5) What will be the level of disturbance based on the altitude of the aircraft?” In this letter, the NPS summarizes that it does not object to implementing the MOA during the months of May-July on “an interim basis of 3 years during the nesting season for study purposes,” to “gather information on the effects that the MOA would generate on protected species.” In particular, the NPS is interested in understanding the effects on state- and local-listed nesting shorebirds, including the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus), Least Tern (Sternula antillarum), Common Tern (Sterna hirundo), Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger), and Wilson’s Plover (Charadrius wilsonia) which are all listed as Species of Special Concern in North Carolina, and the Gull-Billed Tern (Gelochelidon nilotica) which is listed as threatened in North Carolina and is a species of low population size and conservation concern according to the National Audubon Society Watchlist (NCWRC 2008, NAS 2009). This interest in studying the potential effects of aircraft overflights on these nesting shorebird species arises from NPS Management Policy 4.4.2.3., which states that “The National Park Service will inventory, monitor, and manage state and locally listed species in a manner similar to its treatment of federally listed species to the greatest extent possible. In addition, the Service will inventory other native species that are of special management concern to parks (such as rare, declining, sensitive, or unique species and their habitats) and will manage them to maintain their natural distribution and abundance.” Additionally, the NPS is mandated to protect wildlife (Migratory Bird Treaty Act), ensure wilderness values, comply with NEPA, and comply with Public Law 100-91 “National Parks Overflights Act.” To address these statutory responsibilities related to the Core MOA, the NPS proposes the need to study the effects of reducing the overflight ceiling from 10,000 to 3,000 ft on nesting shorebirds at Cape Lookout National Seashore.	None
Stategic habitat conservation in Puerto Rico	March 2012	Design a habitat conservation strategy for resident avian species in Puerto Rico, game and non-game species, whose methodological foundation also permits the implementation of structured decision frameworks to evaluate trade-offs between future alternative planning and management actions.	None
Designing sustainable landscapes for bird populations in the eastern United States.	June 2011	The overall objective of this proposal is to develop a consistent methodology and to enhance the capacity of states, joint ventures and other partners to assess and design sustainable landscapes for birds and other wildlife in the eastern United States. Specifically, this project would develop and implement a framework and tools to 1) assess the current capability of habitats in ecoregions in the eastern United States to support sustainable bird populations; 2) predict the impacts of landscape-level changes (e.g., from urban growth, conservation programs, climate change) on the future capability of these habitats to support bird populations; 3) target conservation programs to effectively and efficiently achieve objectives in State Wildlife Action Plans and bird conservation plans and evaluate progress under these plans; and 4) enhance coordination among partners during the planning, implementation and evaluation of habitat conservation through conservation design.	None
Expanding the range and scope of the Designing Sustainable Landscapes to the entire South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative area.	March 2012	The goal of this project is to provide projections of 21st century landscape change (to year 2100) by expanding the geographic and taxonomic scope of the existing research throughout the SAMBI region and into the Southern Piedmont. This will allow for the development of the core datasets and tools needed for effective Strategic Habitat Conservation (SHC) decision-making across the entire SALCC region. These datasets include projections of climate change, urbanization, ecosystem disturbance processes, land cover (habitat) dynamics and management scenarios; species-habitat models for representative species including habitat affinity models and occupancy models using current and projected future landscape conditions to predict persistence of species under future conditions; and decision support tools using habitat data layers from Regional Gap Analysis and species-habitat models to target and optimize habitat conservation for a single wildlife species, multiple wildlife species using similar habitats or multiple species using multiple habitats in a diverse, dynamic landscape using limited resources.	None
Manatee protection areas in Puerto Rico.	March 2012	The proposed project is designed to assist the US Fish and Wildlife to identify and provide the scientific basis to propose manatee protections areas in accordance with federal regulations. As such, this project addresses core recommendations made by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 5-year evaluation (USFWS 2007). The expected benefit of this measure is to foster the persistence of the species in the Caribbean through habitat conservation. The proposed project will consist of two phases. The first will be to identify and articulate the fundamental objectives and a portfolio of management options available to the US Fish and Wildlife Service and collaborating conservation agencies. These tasks will be accomplished through a participatory process or workshops. The second phase will consist of synthesis of information, using models when appropriate, to assess the impact of various alternatives and highlight those with most support. The results of this process will be transferred to the US Fish and Wildlife Service for review, decision making and subsequent course of action.	None
Integrated Waterbird Management and Monitoring within the Atlantic and Mississippi Flyways.	December 2012	This project focuses on wetland-dependent migratory birds such as; waterfowl, shorebirds, and wading birds (collectively defined here as waterbirds). Most wetland managers don?t have the luxury of managing for a single species or one guild of species. Managers must take into consideration many factors when targeting management for different bird guilds or conducting management activities that benefit one guild over another. Factors that must be considered are the annual wetland hydrological cycle, species priorities, budget and staff resources, and physical constraints of the wetlands being managed. All these factors lead managers to adjust individual wetland objectives on an annual basis to take into consideration changing wetland conditions that present management opportunities or problems that must be addressed. To meet these needs, habitat and population monitoring protocols and databases will be developed that allow data to be shared or linked across spatial scales, promote the use of adaptive management, and help to identify the importance and priority of management decisions.	None
American Oystercatcher Conservation Initiative North Carolina	December 2011	The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) is an important indicator of ecological conditions on Atlantic coast beaches. Because of its conspicuousness and site fidelity, the oystercatcher is an ideal study species for describing the challenges faced by beach-nesting shorebirds. American Oystercatchers are listed as a “species of special concern” in North Carolina (North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission 2008) and as a high priority species in the US Shorebird Conservation Plan (Brown et al. 2001), in large part because of threats associated with development and increasing recreational use of coastal breeding and wintering sites. Oystercatcher populations are declining in the mid-Atlantic states, despite rising numbers and expanding breeding range to the north (Mawhinney and Benedict 1999; Nol et al. 2000; Davis et al. 2001). These overall declines have triggered a large-scale, multi-state research effort to understand the bird’s ecology and conservation needs. A study of breeding American Oystercatchers in North Carolina was initiated on South Core Banks, Cape Lookout National Seashore in 1995 to document nesting success (Novick 1996). The scope of the original study has expanded to include all of the islands of Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras National Seashores. The study of Oystercatcher breeding success further expanded in the state in 2002 and 2003 when the North Carolina Audubon Society initiated nest monitoring on islands in the mouth of the Cape Fear River. Although the undeveloped barrier islands that comprise the National Seashores were thought to be ideal breeding habitat for American Oystercatchers, nest survival was much lower than expected. Novick (1996) attributed low hatching rates to human disturbance. Davis (1999) continued the work on Cape Lookout and used nest monitoring and predator tracking stations to determine the causes of nest failure. She determined that a majority of nests were lost to mammalian predators. Subsequent studies in North Carolina have supported the conclusion that mammals are the primary nest predators, but they also suggested an interaction between human disturbance and nest predation rates (McGowan 2004, McGowan and Simons 2006). McGowan and Simons (2006) found an inverse relationship between the number of visits an Oystercatcher made to the nest and the nest survival rate, suggesting that the more often nests were disturbed the more likely they were to be found by predators. Simons and Schulte (2008) illuminated causes of chick loss and modeled hurricane effects on oystercatcher production. 2009 research objectives included: 1) Continued monitoring of reproductive success of the North Carolina breeding population 2) Continued banding and resight efforts to facilitate mark-recapture analysis Objectives of research for the 2010 season include: 1) Assessing the response of breeding oystercatchers to an experimental removal of raccoons on South Core Banks, Cape Lookout National Seashore 2) Assessing of the response of the South Core Banks raccoon population following the experimental removal to evaluate the feasibility of predator management as a conservation strategy for ground nesting birds and sea turtles. 3) Quantifying of the relative costs of reproduction on traditional ocean-side sites and nontraditional sound-side, river estuary, man-made island, and mainland sites	None
Fishery population and habitat assessment in Puerto Rico streams.	August 2012	Research is underway to obtain more extensive quantitative population estimates for stream fishes of Puerto Rico and their habitat. We then plan to develop a biotic index that may be employed to rate and classify riverine sport fish habitat. We will analyze contaminant concentrations in sport fish, their foods, and habitats to assess environmental effects and consumption risks. And we will conduct research on the ecology and migration of amphidromous sport fishes to better define management units and scale.	None
Maximizing the Benefits of Field Borders for Nesting Quail and Early-succession Songbirds	May 2012	Study examines how management of field borders in agricultural landscapes can promote sustainable quail and early successional songbird populations in North Carolina.	None
Reproductive ecology and habitat relations of the robust redhorse in the Pee Dee River.	June 2010	Research was conducted to accomplish the following objectives with the ultimate goal to improve our understanding of robust redhorse reproductive and habitat ecology to ensure the long-term survival and population enhancement of this imperiled species. 1. Quantitatively describe changes in potential and observed robust redhorse spawning habitat before and after implementing a spring minimum flow. 2. Describe how robust redhorse use the habitat before and after minimum flows are established. 3. Assess how flow augmentation may affect survival of viable eggs.	None
Stream trout ecology and management in North Carolina State Parks.	June 2010	Research was conducted to gather quantitative information on the population and production dynamics of stream-dwelling trout occurring in North Carolina State Parks. The goal of the research is to better understand the ecological and biological processes associated with these populations and to form an objective information base upon which to form fisheries and ecosystem management strategies, planning, and implementation.	None
Interaction of stocked trout with native nongame stream fishes.	April 2011	The goal of this research is to gain an understanding of the interactions between stocked trout and native nongame fishes in the stream environment. Our primary objective will be to quantify changes in fish density, distribution, and habitat use of nongame fishes as affected by the presence of stocked trout. A secondary objective will be to qualitatively assess direct negative interactions between trout and nongame fishes. Results may be used to inform and guide management actions to improve resource management strategies and to educate fishery constituents and the public.	None
Hierarchical landscape models for endemic unionid mussels: building strategic habitat conservation tools for mussel recovery in the South Atlantic Conservation Cooperative	September 2013	To advance strategic habitat conservation for mussels, managers need: a) better quantification of species life-requisites, including habitat suitability; b) models using landscape level attributes as predictors of suitable mussel habitat; c) mussel occupancy predictive models; and d) population biology and habitat-based estimates of the stream network needed to conserve the species. This research will deliver those tools while also expanding the science of freshwater mussel habitat suitability modeling.	None
Assessing mortality, tag reporting rate and movement patterns of Albemarle Sound-Roanoke River striped bass	June 2014	Striped bass, Morone saxatilis, are of high commercial and recreational value in the Albemarle Sound-Roanoke River. Recent assessments of this stock have not included any results from the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries (NCDMF) annual striped bass tagging program because of critical unknowns such as the reporting rate of tags. We propose to use a fishery independent approach of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to evaluate tag reporting rate by sector (commercial, estuarine recreational, and in-river recreational) in order to analyze the tag return data and estimate seasonal and spatial values of fishing mortality and natural mortality. We also propose to compare the financial costs and benefits of this approach, in order to evaluate the feasibility of including PIT tags in the NCDMF tagging program for striped bass and those of other valuable North Carolina species. If feasible in terms of cost, this approach should make conventional tagging programs much more useful for stock assessment. We propose to use sonic telemetry to get better estimates of natural and hook and line release mortality for striped bass during the spawning run in the Roanoke River. Combined tag return and telemetry data can better estimate spatial and seasonal patterns in natural and fishing mortality rates and in this case, could more specifically address spatial aspects of fishing and natural mortality rates during the spawning season. Using the telemetered fish, we propose to estimate the proportion of adult Albemarle Sound striped bass that enter the Roanoke and Chowan basin rivers annually to better identify overall stock dynamics. Results from this study would improve our understanding of anadromous striped bass biology and mortality rates and lead to more precise stock assessments and better management of this valued population.	None
Hydroacoustic monitoring of anadromous fishes in the Roanoke River	June 2013	Anadromous fishes spend the majority of their adult lives in the ocean and make yearly migrations (runs) into coastal rivers to spawn. These species are targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries both in the ocean-estuarine environment and during their runs into coastal rivers. Information on abundance of these important species is needed in order to properly regulate harvests and to assess the effectiveness of rebuilding efforts. The primary objective of this study is to estimate the size of spawning runs of American shad, striped bass, and other anadromous species. A related objective is to gain a detailed understanding of migratory behavior in order to design an effective monitoring program and interpret the hydroacoustics data.	None
Movement and spawning of American shad transported above dams on the Roanoke River, North Carolina	June 2010	American shad Alosa sapidissima are in decline along much of their native range as a result of overfishing, pollution, and habitat alteration in the coastal rivers where they spawn. In regulated rivers, dams can limit American shad access to historic spawning sites. One approach to restoration is to provide access to habitat above dams through a trap-and-transport program. We examined initial survival, movement patterns, spawning, and downstream passage of adult sonic-tagged American shad transported to reservoir and riverine habitats upstream of three hydroelectric dams on the Roanoke River, North Carolina and Virginia, during 2007 and 2008, with added data from a separate contracted study in 2009. In 2007 and 2008, average survival to release was 85%, but survival decreased with increasing water temperature. No mortality during transport was observed in 2009. Some tagged American shad released in reservoirs migrated upstream to rivers; however, most meandered back and forth within the reservoir. A higher percentage of fish migrated through a smaller (8,215 ha) compared to a larger (20,234 ha) reservoir, suggesting that population level effects of transport may depend on upper basin characteristics. In addition, more tagged fish released in reservoirs appeared to migrate to riverine habitat during a normal flow year (2009), as compared to drought years (2007 and 2008), suggesting that environmental conditions may affect migration. Transported American shad spent little time in upper basin rivers, but were there when temperatures were appropriate for spawning. No American shad eggs were collected by weekly plankton tow sampling in 2007 and 2008 in upper basin rivers. Estimated initial survival of tagged adults after downstream passage through each dam was 71-100%; however, only 1% of the detected fish migrated downstream through all three dams and many were relocated just upstream of a dam late in the season. Although American shad were successfully transported to upstream habitats in the Roanoke River Basin, under present conditions, transported individuals may have reduced effective fecundity and post-spawning survival, than non-transported individuals.	None
Advancing climate change adaptation strategies for high elevation and endangered lowland amphibian species in the US Caribbean.	September 2025	We propose to advance effective and efficient adaptation to climate change and recovery in the US Caribbean by addressing two objectives: 1) measuring key micro-climate variables along multiple habitat and climate gradients, allowing for identification of resilient climate habitats for at-risk and endangered amphibian species; and 2) expanding prior work to distinguish between the interactive effects of moisture and temperature on <i>Eleutherodactylus </i>occurrence and abundance. The expected results from this study include an island-wide evaluation of potential climate <i>refugia</i> sites for temperature and moisture sensitive <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> species, and criteria for decision makers to determine when and where they should engage in in-situ management or managed translocations.	The well-known <i>coquí</i> frogs, represented by 17 species in the genus <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> in Puerto Rico, are threatened by extreme heat and drying, and coastal saltwater intrusion. Recent investigations have helped to determine how global climate change is likely to affect the local climate of the US Caribbean, and how sensitive different <i>coquí</i> species are to local climate and habitat conditions. We propose to advance effective and efficient adaptation to climate change and recovery in the US Caribbean by addressing two objectives: 1) measuring key micro-climate variables along multiple habitat and climate gradients, allowing for identification of resilient climate habitats for at-risk and endangered amphibian species; and 2) expanding prior work to distinguish between the interactive effects of moisture and temperature on <i>Eleutherodactylus </i>occurrence and abundance. The expected results from this study include an island-wide evaluation of potential climate <i>refugia</i> sites for temperature and moisture sensitive <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> species, and criteria for decision makers to determine when and where they should engage in in-situ management or managed translocations.
American Alligator Ecology in North Carolina	December 2024	The goal is to analyze and evaluate currently available alligator data to estimate occupancy and relative abundance via spotlight surveys, evaluate the ability of spotlight surveys to provide adequate information for monitoring programs, and investigate approaches to estimate demographic rates and abundance using a case study of an intensively studied alligator population at Lake Waccamaw. Results of this work provide direct evaluations of current alligator monitoring efforts in North Carolina (spotlight surveys, mark-recapture methods) and the development of approaches that can extend to regional- and statewide alligator research and management programs in North Carolina.	The goal is to analyze and evaluate currently available alligator data to estimate occupancy and relative abundance via spotlight surveys, evaluate the ability of spotlight surveys to provide adequate information for monitoring programs, and investigate approaches to estimate demographic rates and abundance using a case study of an intensively studied alligator population at Lake Waccamaw. Results of this work provide direct evaluations of current alligator monitoring efforts in North Carolina (spotlight surveys, mark-recapture methods) and the development of approaches that can extend to regional- and statewide alligator research and management programs in North Carolina. The project is a collaboration of researchers across multiple agencies and includes North Carolina State University, USGS North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.
Black bear abundance and density in the North Carolina Coastal Bear Management Unit	December 2026	Black bear populations in the North Carolina Coastal Bear Management Unit (CBMU) have increased over the past 50 years, and now occur at high densities in multiple regions. The project herein aims to produce unbiased population density and abundance estimates for the CBMU, assess the population structure of current CBMU zones using local density and population genetics, and evaluate the potential of less intensive alternative protocols for long-term monitoring objective. The project is a collaboration of researchers across multiple agencies and includes North Carolina State University, USGS North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Mississippi State University, and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.	Black bear populations in the North Carolina Coastal Bear Management Unit (CBMU) have increased over the past 50 years, and now occur at high densities in multiple regions. The project herein aims to produce unbiased population density and abundance estimates for the CBMU, assess the population structure of current CBMU zones using local density and population genetics, and evaluate the potential of less intensive alternative protocols for long-term monitoring objective. The project is a collaboration of researchers across multiple agencies and includes North Carolina State University, USGS North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Mississippi State University, and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.
Connectivity for a Complex Life Cycle: Conserving the Crystal Skipper Butterfly in a Coastal Urban Environment	April 2026	Understanding of how organisms with complex life cycles interact with fragmented habitats and changing environments has important climate mitigation implications. The Crystal skipper (<i>Atrytonopsis quinteri</i> Burns) is a small butterfly that was described as a new species in 2015 and occurs only on a 50 km stretch of barrier islands on the North Carolina coast that is subject to numerous risks from climate change and urbanization. Our project will: (1) Develop a rigorous, sustainable, and unbiased survey methodology to document skipper population sizes and monitor trends, (2) Evaluate the role of landscape-scale nectar connectivity in limiting skipper populations, (3) Assess whether management can increase Crystal skipper populations and offset effects of climate change, and (4) Implement adaptive, robust, and strategic improvements to the existing conservation plan. The project is a collaboration of researchers across multiple agencies and includes North Carolina State University, USGS North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the North Carolina Aquarium.	Understanding of how organisms with complex life cycles interact with fragmented habitats and changing environments has important climate mitigation implications. The Crystal skipper (<i>Atrytonopsis quinteri</i> Burns) is a small butterfly that was described as a new species in 2015 and occurs only on a 50 km stretch of barrier islands on the North Carolina coast that is subject to numerous risks from climate change and urbanization. Our project will: (1) Develop a rigorous, sustainable, and unbiased survey methodology to document skipper population sizes and monitor trends, (2) Evaluate the role of landscape-scale nectar connectivity in limiting skipper populations, (3) Assess whether management can increase Crystal skipper populations and offset effects of climate change, and (4) Implement adaptive, robust, and strategic improvements to the existing conservation plan. The project is a collaboration of researchers across multiple agencies and includes North Carolina State University, USGS North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the North Carolina Aquarium.
Incorporating estimates of detection probability into the Breeding Bird Survey protocol: Assessment of current sampling methods	December 2011	The goal of this research is to evaluate the relative costs and benefits of incorporating different methods of estimating detection probability into the Breeding Bird Survey protocol. Researchers propose to implement this assessment within the operational framework of the BBS through close collaboration with national BBS coordinator, Keith Pardieck, North Carolina BBS coordinator, Mark Johns, and numerous North Carolina BBS volunteers who have participated in our detection probability experiments over the past three years. 1) Researchers propose to sample a minimum of 50 of the approximately 80 North Carolina BBS routes over three consecutive breeding seasons. 2) They will compare results derived from unadjusted unlimited-radius counts with those derived from counts adjusted for detection probability using, multiple observer, time of detection, distance sampling, and repeated count methods. 3) They will provide BBS program managers with practical recommendations about the relative costs (personnel, sampling effort, training) and benefits (bias reduction) of incorporating different measures of detection probability into the BBS protocol. They anticipate that this research will provide field biologists and natural resource managers with a clearer understanding of the bias and precision of current point count sampling methods. The primary products will include measures of uncertainty associated with current point count methodologies and an assessment of the improvements expected if additional information needed to estimate detection probabilities is collected. Benefits will include new applications of theory and sampling methodologies that will result in practical improvements in the quality and scientific credibility of Breeding Bird Survey census data. Subject to the availability of additional funding, anticipated follow-on products include training workshops for practitioners and monitoring program managers, and a monograph synthesizing the results of detection probability experiments and providing recommended sampling protocols for specific research, monitoring, and management objectives	None
Ecology of raccoons within Cape Lookout National Seashore, NC, and the efficacy of raccoon removal as a management tool for protecting rare, threatened, and endangered species	June 2011	To date, relatively little published scientific information is available on raccoon populations inhabiting Atlantic barrier islands, suggesting that additional research is warranted. Although removal of predators like raccoons is still carried out at some sites (e.g., national wildlife refuges) to protect T&E species and is listed as a viable action in the recovery plans for some T&E species, the long-term efficacy of the technique remains questionable. In this study, researchers propose to gather basic ecological data on raccoons on South Core Banks, Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO) (e.g., home range size, movement patterns, demographics), remove some raccoons from the population, and assess the effects on the ecology of the remaining population and the response of nesting sea turtles and shorebirds. The intent of the removal work is three-fold: 1) determine if the incidence of predation on T&E species declines post-removal, 2) determine the extent and timing of future predation events from areas where raccoons were removed, and 3) assess the impact of removal of raccoons on another prey species (e.g., ghost crabs). Finally, as part of this effort researchers will recommend a science-based management plan and a monitoring protocol that will allow the NPS to measure changes in the distribution and abundance of raccoons at Cape Lookout National Seashore. Objectives: The objectives of this project can be placed into two broad categories: understanding raccoon ecology on coastal islands and understanding the efficacy of raccoon removal as a tool for managing threatened and endangered sea turtles and ground-nesting shorebirds and terns. Research will involve an evaluation of basic raccoon ecology by identifying rest areas, den and nest sites, and local movement patterns, and by estimating key demographic rates such as age-specific survival and fecundity. Researchers will also evaluate how removing raccoons from this environment affects the abundance and productivity of endangered and threatened prey species and ghost crabs, and the ecology of raccoons that remain in the system. They will accomplish this by initiating a program to monitor T&E species abundance and productivity after raccoon removal, and by initiating a program to monitor the response of the reduced raccoon population and the response of non-target prey.	None
Coastal wetland dynamics and wildlife populations: modeling the effects of sea level rise and landscape change	August 2014	(1) Develop hierarchical models of animal survey data collected at sites along the Atlantic coast in a variety of wetland habitats between Maine and Virginia. It is our intention to model variability in detection and spatial dependence. We will review life histories of the target species to select variables a priori to construct candidate model sets to have specious effects, especially when using a large number of covariates. We will also evaluate uncertainty with respect to use of this information for scaling down of global cuirculation models. (2) Link wildlife habitat models developed in objective (1) to outputs from models simulating the response of intertidal wetland complexes in the northeast to predicted sea level rise. This information will be provided by USGS Patuxent researchers	None
Assessing the relationship between acid precipitation, calcium depletion, and avian productivity in Great Smoky Mountains National Park	September 2010	The primary objectives of this research are revised to: 1. Quantify the effects of acid deposition and subsequent thresholds of calcium depletion on the reproductive success of high elevation songbirds and the diversity and abundance of terrestrial snail populations in the southern Appalachians. 2. Determine the level of threat of mercury bioaccumulation in high elevation breeding songbirds and terrestrial snails in the southern Appalachians. Explanation: Research Objective #2 has been added because it has recently been determined that mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) are important contaminants of wildlife populations. Inorganic mercury enters aquatic systems via atmospheric deposition where it is chemically converted to MeHg, a biologically active and toxic form. Recent research has shown that MeHg bioaccumulates through the aquatic foodweb from plankton, to invertebrates, to fish, and then to piscivorous vertebrates. Although recently there has been much improvement in understanding the mechanisms of mercury transfer and accumulation in freshwater aquatic systems, little is known about its role in the terrestrial system. Upland forest soils are natural sinks for atmospherically deposited mercury because the majority of mercury binds to organic and mineral soil particles. Mercury is concentrated primarily in the upper soil column. Research indicates that up to 60% of Hg that reaches lakes originates from the terrestrial watershed. Mercury loading is significantly higher in evergreen compared to deciduous habitats, and higher (2-5x) in mountainous areas in the northeastern United States compared to nearby low elevation areas. Consumption of contaminated food is the primary risk of mercury exposure to terrestrial vertebrates. Birds are at particularly high risk to mercury toxicity because many species are at high trophic levels, are long-lived, and are vulnerable to neurological and reproductive impacts from elevated Hg levels. The effects of mercury contamination in birds has been primarily studied in large migratory birds, wading birds, shorebirds, and raptors; few studies have addressed these issues in passerines, especially those species not associate with aquatic systems. In a multi-species analysis of mercury contamination, piscivorous birds were repeatedly shown to have some of the highest MeHg levels of the 38 species analyzed, however insectivorous birds in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats were also found with elevated levels. Although little research has focused on effects of mercury in passerines, in 2005 Rimmer et al. hypothesized that among terrestrial birds mercury contamination poses the highest risk to obligate insectivorous species. Rimmer found that blood mercury levels in Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) were correlated with Hg levels in leaf litter, demonstrating that dietary MeHg uptake occurs in passerines inhabiting terrestrial environments unassociated with standing water. Mercury accumulation in nestling Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea) was also correlated with soil mercury concentrations around the nest. Rimmer further demonstrated that blood Hg levels in Bicknell's Thrush overlapped with those of Bald Eagles, indicating equivalent trophic status of a terrestrial-based insectivore with an aquatic-based piscivore. Rosten et al. found that resident insectivorous passerine species at contaminated sites in Europe accumulated higher mercury loads in eggs and nestlings than migratory or seasonal species. Although Bishop et al. claim that nestling birds are the best indicator of local contaminant trends, mercury levels in adult resident birds can also demonstrate chronic effects due to bioaccumulation. One limitation with the Rimmer et al. study is that they examined mercury levels in Neotropical migrants, and were thus unable to study chronic effects of mercury in resident adults. In birds, mercury loads are often sampled in specific organs, blood, or feathers, with mercury accumulation seen regardless of the material examined. Although adult females can reduce body burdens of mercury during egg production, depuration of MeHg most commonly occurs during feather growth, as MeHg binds strongly to keratin. Virtually all Hg in a feather is MeHg and reflects blood Hg levels at the time of molt. Because an acidified environment both enhances methylation of mercury and depletion of calcium, the adverse effects of acid precipitation may be complex. A recent study showed that Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) were more sensitive to decreased levels of calcium-rich prey (i.e. snails) in a heavy-metal-polluted area. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand whether atmospheric pollution is contributing to both calcium limitation and mercury toxicity in southern Appalachian high elevation communities. The high elevations of Great Smoky Mountains National Park continue to report some of the highest rates of deposit of air-borne nitrate and sulfate in eastern North America. One effect of this well documented acidification is the loss of calcium, which is an essential element to most life. Observational and experimental studies in highly acidified sites in northern Europe have shown that losses of environment calcium are linked to reductions in populations of songbirds which depend on snail shell calcium for egg production. Similar research has not been conducted in the U.S., but it is necessary to assess the widespread effects of acid deposition on terrestrial animals. Researchers will use the Black-capped Chickadee as a model for evaluating the effects of acid precipitation on high elevation bird communities in the southern Appalachians. Black-capped Chickadee populations have been declining in the southern Appalachians over the past two decades, and they have disappeared as breeders from several high elevation sites where they once occurred. Objectives: (1) Assess whether Black-capped Chickadees nesting at high elevations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park are suffering from acid rain related calcium limitations during the breeding season. (2) Determine the sources of calcium for Black-capped Chickadees breeding at high elevations in the Park. (3) Determine if calcium limitation affects the behavior, habitat use, or breeding success of adult birds	None
Modeling the response of imperiled freshwater mussels to anthropogenically induced changes in water temperature, habitat, and flow in streams of the southeastern and central United States.	December 2012	Freshwater mussels possess a suite of traits that may make them highly vulnerable to climate change. These traits include their patchy distribution, phenological traits (i.e., spatial and temporal dependence of their larvae on host fish), limited dispersal, limited mobility, their threatened status, and the fact that they inhabit fragmented landscapes. Recent research in our laboratory has determined that some freshwater mussel species are already living close to their upper thermal tolerances and thus, may be at risk from increasing surface water and bed sediment temperatures and altered flow regimes due to climate change and associated fluctuations. A primary objective of this project will be to use our newly developed mussel vulnerability and risk threshold data in downscaled watershed and instream regional models so that federal and state natural resource managers will be able to forecast species responses to climate change over the next 30-50 years and to develop adaptation strategies to mitigate the adverse effects. Secondary objectives will be to refine these models and to generate new models with empirical data produced from integrated laboratory and field studies of mussel temperature sensitivities in water and sediment, and instream flow and habitat assessments for mussels. - Evaluate the relative sensitivity of juvenile native freshwater mussels to a range of common and extreme water temperatures that may be encountered during summer periods in streams in the southeastern and central United States by conducting water-based laboratory tests with species that represent each of the two major subfamilies (Ambleminae and Unioninae) of mussels. These tests are necessary to expand the data base for temperature suitability for native freshwater mussels; - Develop a method for conducting temperature tests with juvenile mussels and sediments. This task will utilize for guidance the recently approved standard method for conducting water-only toxicity tests with early life stages of freshwater mussels (ASTM 2006), but will standardize the sediment variables (e.g., particle size, organic content) that may influence temperature exposures. These tests will be conducted with juvenile mussels and are necessary to provide an accurate and precise test method. This task will address the issue of whether sediments may provide a partial thermal buffer for mussels in their native stream habitat; - Evaluate the relative sensitivity of juvenile native freshwater mussels to a range of common and extreme sediment temperatures (with and without overlying water) that may be encountered during summer periods in dewatered streams in the southeastern and central United States by conducting laboratory tests (using the method developed in Objective 2) with species that represent each of the two major subfamilies (Ambleminae and Unioninae) of mussels. These tests are necessary to expand the toxicity data base for temperature-based suitability for native freshwater mussels and will directly compare sediment temperature sensitivities to those already established in Objective 1 above and from our previous research (Pandolfo 2008) for water-only temperature sensitivities. This task will address the issue of whether sediments may provide a partial thermal buffer for mussels and ties directly to related research addressing instream habitat conditions for survival of mussels; - Sample common and imperiled mussel occurrences and associated microhabitat parameters, including temperature and flow, in one Atlantic Slope river basin to develop empirical models explaining mussel occurrence and abundance and field threshold values; - Synthesize all of the stream model and mussel temperature sensitivity, physiology, habitat, and community composition information for biologists and others involved with management of aquatic species and environmental quality.	None
Assessment of fish passage barriers in Puerto Rico Rivers	September 2012	Compile existing information on Puerto Rico fish passage barriers, perform site visits on selected barriers, search for undocumented barriers, and develop a comprehensive document and web site describing known natural and artificial fish passage barriers. (1) Existing information on Puerto Rico river barriers will be compiled from published documents by governmental agencies, the military, and private industry; (2) as warranted to fill gaps in existing information, selected sites will be visited by project personnel to verify the existence and condition of barrier structures; (3) guided by existing literature, personal communications, and patterns in fish and macroinvertebrate distributions published by the Principal Investigator (Kwak et al, 2007) and other investigators, project personnel will search for undocumented river barriers first using existing aerial photography, followed by site visits as necessary to describe existing barriers that may not be documented elsewhere; and (4) all findings will be cpompiled into a comprehensive report, including a map indicating locations of all known fish passage barriers. A web site (i.e., series of linked html files) will also be developed linking map locations to descriptive information about each barrier. These findings will then be incoroprated into research and modeling to describe and understand patterns of native and introduced fish in Puerto Rico to facilitate conservation of native amphidromous fish species.	None
Migratory behavior of diadromous fishes in the Roanoke River, NC	June 2011	Diadromous fish species such as striped bass Morone saxatilis, American shad Alosa sapidissima, blueback herring A. aestivalis, and American eel Anguilla rostrata are ecologically, economically and historically important (Walburg and Nichols 1967; Garman 1992; Garman and Macko 1998; Limburg et al. 2003). Several of these species historically supported large commercial fisheries along the Atlantic coast and in North Carolina specifically, but most of these fisheries declined during the nineteenth century (Walburg and Nichols 1967; Hightower et al. 1996; Richards and Rago 1999; Limburg et al. 2003). The declines are likely a result of overfishing, construction of dams, land use change and poor water quality (Walburg and Nichols 1967; Rulifson 1994; Hightower et al. 1996; Cooke and Leach 2003; Limburg et al. 2003). Dams have contributed to the decline of diadromous species by blocking migration routes to historical spawning and nursery locations and altering downstream habitat (Rulifson and Manooch 1990; Rulifson 1994; Pringle et al. 2000; Trush et al. 2000; Dauble et al. 2003; Freeman et al. 2003). Flow in the Roanoke River basin within Virginia and North Carolina was unregulated until 1950, but six dams now regulate flow (Rulifson and Manooch 1990; Walsh et al. 2005). The Roanoke Rapids dam, located at rkm 221, is the lowest dam on the river. It was completed in 1955 for hydroelectric power generation and replaced a small dam that had been present in the same location since about 1900 (Rulifson and Manooch 1990; Hightower et al. 1996; Hightower and Sparks 2003). Neither dam included provisions for fish passage, thus rkm 221 is the extent of upstream migration for diadromous fishes. Several studies conducted by the NC Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit have examined migration and habitat use, in order to better understand how upstream dams might be affecting anadromous fishes. One current study uses hydroacoustics to examine migration timing and abundance for hickory shad, American shad, and striped bass (NCSU project 5-23061). Preliminary results indicate that the method can be used to count upstream migrants and to obtain detailed information about spatial and temporal patterns of migration. Results of the hydroacoustic study will be important for management, once the reliability of the estimates has been validated. For example, the estimates of American shad run size will be used to guide a restoration program for American shad. This program includes a plan to trap and transport adult American shad above three dams, into the upper part of the basin where additional spawning habitat is located. The start of the trap-and-transport program depends on when the hydroacoustic estimates of run size reaches a trigger value (3-year average of 20,000 individuals). This current project is intended to complement the existing hydroacoustic study, in order to allow for improved estimates of run size, in total and for individual species. This supplemental funding will improve estimates of species composition, and will support experimental work relating fish size and species to acoustic variables. A long-term goal is to determine whether acoustic variables measured for individual fish tracks (e.g., average target strength, time in beam, tortuosity) can be used to discriminate among species.	None
Identification of American shad spawning habitat in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina	December 2010	As part of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) relicensing application, future transport and volitional passage structures for anadromous fish, such as American shad, are being considered for Blewett Falls Dam. Identification and description of presently used spawning habitat could help evaluate the potential of upstream habitat to support spawning American shad. Project Objectives: 1) Delineate main spawning areas for American shad in the Pee Dee River. 2) Identify characteristics of spawning habitat, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, current velocity and substrate type to evaluate habitat selection in this river, as well as to help update/validate the habitat suitability model presently in revision for American shad.	None
Development of habitat suitabaility index models for American Shad	June 2011	The goal of this project is to develop an updated habitat suitability model for American shad. Approaches to be used include developing a database of spawning locations; collecting and synthesizing information on American shad spawning, with emphasis on studies since the original HSI model was developed; and conducting workshop to review preliminary models.	None
Assessing benefits to migratory fishes of habitat restored by dam removal	August 2011	Many fish species migrate in order to reach suitable spawning or nursery habitat. All of these groups benefit when access to additional habitat is restored by dam removal. The Little River basin in North Carolina provides a valuable opportunity to examine how migratory fishes use habitat restored through dam removal. One problem in predicting the benefits of dam removal is that relatively little is known about how these fishes select spawning habitat (e.g., whether species use tributaries or mainstem rivers, deep versus shallow sites, or different substrates). Another limitation in predicting benefits of dam removal is that habitat preferences are poorly understood. Specific project objectives are: to determine fish abundance and migratory patterns during spring and to relate movements to physical variables including habitat availability. Information on spawning habitat will be used to develop refined models for predicting the benefits of fish passage or dam removal in other systems	None
Ecology and status of Atlantic and shortnose sturgeon in North and South Carolina	August 2013	The purpose of this project is to develop and test a multistage survey protocol for estimating presence or population density of sturgeon species in southeastern rivers. The initial phase will be done using a combination of side-scan sonar and DIDSON multibeam sonar.	None
Southeast integrated assessment: Climate change and wildlife dynamics.	March 2013	This project will use downscale climate data to: 1) model climate-change related effects on water quantity and water temperature across Puerto Rico, and 2) model vegetation dynamics to project future land covers. These data will be used to assess the potential impacts of model projections on predicted distributions of flora and fauna using as benchmark PR Gap Analysis Program databases.	None
Research to advance GAP Anaylsis Program data and applications in the Eastern US	September 2011	Objectives: 1. Test the applicability of Southeastern Gap Analysis data in conservation planning at the regional level. 2. Develop an on-line decision support tool to provide researchers, students, and citizens access to conservation planning data. 3. Identify the key environmental drivers of vegetative communities in the Mid-Atlantic and Eastern Corn Belt and mapping of Ecological Systems. 4. Evaluate the utility of pattern recognition methods during image classification of herbaceous ecological systems and anthropogenic cover types. 5. Evaluate the utility of Light Detection and Radar (LiDAR) data for augmenting land cover data classes via sub-canopy structural information. 6. Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Systems based land cover data sets from the Gap Analysis Program and the U.S. Forest Service's LandFire Partnership. 7. Deductive modeling of vertebrate species habitat for Northeastern United States. 8. Test inductive habitat suitability modeling for priority bird species in selected Bird Conservation Regions of the Eastern United States. 9. Analyze the distribution and pattern of conservation lands throughout the Southeastern U.S. 10. Develop analyses for prioritizing conservation values of land trust lands in a regional context.	None
Field validation of king rail habitat models in the Roanoke-Tar-Neuse-Cape Fear ecosystem	May 2011	1) Conduct King Rail surveys across 100 wetlands in the Roanoke-Tar-Neuse-Cape Fear Ecosystem, with three visits per site, following procedures outlined in the Standardized North American Marsh Bird Monitoring Protocols. 2) Conduct King Rail surveys across 100 wetlands in the Roanoke-Tar-Neuse-Cape Fear Ecosystem, following procedures outlined in the Standardized North American Marsh Bird Monitoring Protocols in spring 2007 and 2008. Objectives will be achieved by recruiting three field crews of two individuals each working through the breeding seasons of 2008 and 2009. On the basis of standardized NA Marsh Bird Monitoring Protocols, the crews should be able to survey approximately100 sites, with three visits per site. Final composition of the 100 sites will be driven by (1) the strength of the remotely-measured explanatory variables in the theoretical models, (2) the need to validate the model at ecosystem and refuge spatial scales, and (3) the need to validate model predictions across the full range of detection probabilities.	None
Development of population and habitat objectives for FWS trust resources in the Roanoke-Tar-Neuse-Cape Fear (RTNCF) Ecoregion of the South Atlantic Migratory Bird Initiative (SAMBI) project area	February 2011	The research issue to be studied will be the development of species-habitat models used to set population objectives, habitat objectives, and geographic focal areas to guide land conservation and management strategies. The ultimate goal of this initiative is to define sustainable landscapes for Service trust resources and share this information with partners. Objectives: 1. Develop initial population objectives for prioritized Service trust species and abundance goals for natural communities; 2. Convert these population/abundance objectives into habitat objectives; 3. Map potential conservation areas where deficits exist; and 4. Step down population/abundance objectives to individual refuges and partner lands.	None
Development and Dissemination of High-Resolution National Climate Change Dataset.	September 2012	We propose to create a comprehensive web-based dataset of high-resolution climate change projections that can be used to assess the impacts of climate change on ecosystems in the continental United States. The dataset will be generated by applying advanced statistical downscaling methods to a comprehensive selection of global climate model simulations from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) database. To meet this objective we will hold a series of facilitated workshops to solicit input and disseminate information from researchers involved with the National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center (NCCWSC). We will hold two workshops in FY2010 and a final, follow-up workshop in FY2011. The first workshop will involve researchers from funded NCCWSC proposals and other key stakeholders from DOI agencies. Participants will describe how downscaling approaches are used in their work and provide feedback on useful climatic variables relevant to ecosystem modeling efforts. In addition, the workshop will be an opportunity for participants to learn about different downscaling methods, global climate models, best practices for use of climate data (both observations and model output) and the structure of the proposed national downscaled climate dataset. We plan to hold this workshop in late winter 2010. A second workshop at the '3rd USGS All Modeling Conference' in Denver (June 2010) will consist of a half-day short course on global climate models, downscaling techniques, and the planned Geo Data Portal (GDP). We will hold a final workshop with potential data users in late 2010 or early 2011 to evaluate the proposed design of the GDP. These workshops will improve our final deliverables but also improve knowledge within the USGS and DOI community about climate change science and climate change scenarios.	None
Assessment of Puerto Rican Parrot Demography	March 2010	(Provide a brief but clear statement of the project goals and the specific research objectives. This section should contain a brief paragraph explaining the purpose of the project, and bulleted objectives and tasks. It should be as concise as possible, in an outline format, and should be a 1/2 page to 1 page long. The proposal will be incorporated into the RWO, via the standard statement, to be added to the RWO by the Contracting Officer.)	None
Adaptive management of horseshoe crabs and shorebirds in Delaware Bay: Predictive Modeling and Implementation	December 2010	Science-based management of horseshoe crabs and shorebirds bears directly on national and regional conservation priorities, specifically the USFWS Strategic Habitat Conservation Initiative, the DOI Adaptive Management Initiative, and proactive species conservation to preclude listing under the Endangered Species Act. This project contributes to meeting high-priority needs in the National Shorebird Plan, BCR 30 Draft Plan, DE State Wildlife Action Plan, and NJ State Wildlife Action Plan. Objectives: (1) develop multi-species predictive models that link horseshoe crab and shorebird dynamics to management alternatives; (2) evaluate the models by comparing to historic data and evaluating the underlying assumptions; (3) predict consequences of a set of management alternatives that are relevant to current management decisions; (4) use these models to identify state-dependent management action that are optimal with respect to specified objectives; and (5) report and interact with a working group of horseshoe crab and shorebird experts and stakeholders who are collaborating on adapive management.	None
SARS-CoV-2 at the human–wildlife interface: Understanding wildlife as potential reservoirs for COVID-19 across urban-rural gradients	February 2023	SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that has led to the COVID-19 pandemic. While vaccines and drugs are reducing mortality rates, the impacts of the virus may persist long-term, especially if non-human reservoirs for the disease create permanent sources of human infection. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been documented in numerous wildlife species in North America (e.g., white-tailed deer, rabbits, ferrets); however, it is unclear how prevalent SARS-CoV-2 is across wildlife species and regions, and whether wildlife can transmit SARS-CoV-2 to humans and domestic species. Understanding the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife and how prevalence rates vary across the human-wildlife interface is critically important to evaluate the maintenance and transmission of COVID-19. We are capturing and testing white-tailed deer in North Carolina to investigate SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and the predictors of SARS-CoV-2 across an urban–rural continuum. White-tailed deer are a particularly relevant study species because they are abundant in landscapes as diverse as rural forests and suburban neighborhoods and high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (>30%) is documented in other regions of North America. Our proposed study will provide seed data for future proposals that expand these concepts to consider SARS-CoV-2 prevalence across multiple species (e.g., mice, raccoons, coyotes, pets), spatial scales (within and beyond North Carolina), and the socio-economic factors affecting transmission risk.	SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that has led to the COVID-19 pandemic. While vaccines and drugs are reducing mortality rates, the impacts of the virus may persist long-term, especially if non-human reservoirs for the disease create permanent sources of human infection. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been documented in numerous wildlife species in North America (e.g., white-tailed deer, rabbits, ferrets); however, it is unclear how prevalent SARS-CoV-2 is across wildlife species and regions, and whether wildlife can transmit SARS-CoV-2 to humans and domestic species. Understanding the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife and how prevalence rates vary across the human-wildlife interface is critically important to evaluate the maintenance and transmission of COVID-19. We are capturing and testing white-tailed deer in North Carolina to investigate SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and the predictors of SARS-CoV-2 across an urban–rural continuum. White-tailed deer are a particularly relevant study species because they are abundant in landscapes as diverse as rural forests and suburban neighborhoods and high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (>30%) is documented in other regions of North America. Our proposed study will provide seed data for future proposals that expand these concepts to consider SARS-CoV-2 prevalence across multiple species (e.g., mice, raccoons, coyotes, pets), spatial scales (within and beyond North Carolina), and the socio-economic factors affecting transmission risk.
Aquatic Species Restoration and Research at the Eastern Aquatic Conservation Facility at Yates Mill	January 2023	The goal of this project is to develop a propagation and research facility to guide and conduct restoration of aquatic mussel species. This will require physical design and construction of the facility, propagating imperiled species, research to guide their restoration, and conservation toward restoration.	The goal of this project is to develop a propagation and research facility to guide and conduct restoration of aquatic mussel species. This will require physical design and construction of the facility, propagating imperiled species, research to guide their restoration, and conservation toward restoration.
Implementation of National Biogeographic Data and Analyses Toward a National Assessment.	September 2025	The USGS North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (NCCFWRU) has an ongoing partnership with the federal government on developing, analyzing and implementing Gap Analysis datasets starting with the NC-GAP Project in 1996 up through to the first completed data set for the contiguous United States in 2016. The focus of the next phase of effort will be in three areas: development of analyses to better understand the state of national biodiversity of aquatic and terrestrial communities, refinement of our data infrastructure to allow seamless updates of data products, and continued development of outreach tools to better facilitate the implementation of our data in conservation assessments. Additional research efforts will incorporate species occurrence data to assess and inform predicted distributions, assess the impact of dam removal on fish communities, incorporate Forest Inventory and Analysis plot data in the refinement of habitat availability, map patterns of species’ turnover and identify common drivers of habitat quality across terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate species.	The USGS North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (NCCFWRU) has an ongoing partnership with the federal government on developing, analyzing and implementing Gap Analysis datasets starting with the NC-GAP Project in 1996 up through to the first completed data set for the contiguous United States in 2016. The focus of the next phase of effort will be in three areas: development of analyses to better understand the state of national biodiversity of aquatic and terrestrial communities, refinement of our data infrastructure to allow seamless updates of data products, and continued development of outreach tools to better facilitate the implementation of our data in conservation assessments. Additional research efforts will incorporate species occurrence data to assess and inform predicted distributions, assess the impact of dam removal on fish communities, incorporate Forest Inventory and Analysis plot data in the refinement of habitat availability, map patterns of species’ turnover and identify common drivers of habitat quality across terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate species.
Determining Henslow's Sparrow (Centronyx henslowii) population redundancy in North Carolina.	December 2024	Henslow’s Sparrow (HESP) is a grassland specialist, migratory songbird with a rapidly declining habitat range due to habitat loss and climate change. The species is a conservation priority for the State and US Fish and Wildlife Service due to its limited presence in North Carolina and declining populations across the United States. In North Carolina, the species’ stronghold is at the Voice of America Game Lands (VOAGL). Ongoing efforts are designed to estimate its population size and assess its response to fire management (resiliency), and determine its genetic distinctiveness (representativeness) from other populations. However, little is known about the sparrow’s presence and abundance in North Carolina outside of the VOAGL. The work proposed herein is designed to: 1) identify the presence or absence of Henslow’s Sparrows at sites with suitable habitat parameters, but where their presence or status is unknown; and 2) develop an accurate habitat range model for Henslow’s Sparrows in the state of North Carolina. This work is important because the existence of other populations would spread the risk of local extinction, and strengthen the bases for strategic habitat conservation plans to protect or co-managed occupied habitat.	Henslow’s Sparrow (HESP) is a grassland specialist, migratory songbird with a rapidly declining habitat range due to habitat loss and climate change. The species is a conservation priority for the State and US Fish and Wildlife Service due to its limited presence in North Carolina and declining populations across the United States. In North Carolina, the species’ stronghold is at the Voice of America Game Lands (VOAGL). Ongoing efforts are designed to estimate its population size and assess its response to fire management (resiliency), and determine its genetic distinctiveness (representativeness) from other populations. However, little is known about the sparrow’s presence and abundance in North Carolina outside of the VOAGL. The work proposed herein is designed to: 1) identify the presence or absence of Henslow’s Sparrows at sites with suitable habitat parameters, but where their presence or status is unknown; and 2) develop an accurate habitat range model for Henslow’s Sparrows in the state of North Carolina. This work is important because the existence of other populations would spread the risk of local extinction, and strengthen the bases for strategic habitat conservation plans to protect or co-managed occupied habitat.
Resolving Taxonomic Uncertainty in Caribbean Skink Species	December 2023	In 2014, the USFWS was petitioned to evaluate nine species of Caribbean skinks (<i>Spondylurus </i>spp.) for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Information on Caribbean skink distribution and ecology is extremely limited, and there remains the possibility that some species may already be extinct. Additionally, taxonomic uncertainty exists across <i>Spondylurus </i>spp., as the genus was reclassified and split into multiple species in 2012 based on analyses of museum specimens. Research to support a Species Status Assessment is therefore needed to (i) resolve taxonomic uncertainty in this species complex and (ii) document skink presence, characterize morphology, and document the distribution of age-classes at island-level scales. This information is critical to evaluating the listing status of these species and future efforts investigating population viability and extinction risk.	In 2014, the USFWS was petitioned to evaluate nine species of Caribbean skinks (<i>Spondylurus </i>spp.) for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Information on Caribbean skink distribution and ecology is extremely limited, and there remains the possibility that some species may already be extinct. Additionally, taxonomic uncertainty exists across <i>Spondylurus </i>spp., as the genus was reclassified and split into multiple species in 2012 based on analyses of museum specimens. Research to support a Species Status Assessment is therefore needed to (i) resolve taxonomic uncertainty in this species complex and (ii) document skink presence, characterize morphology, and document the distribution of age-classes at island-level scales. This information is critical to evaluating the listing status of these species and future efforts investigating population viability and extinction risk.
Conservation status and management of Henslow's sparrows at the VOA Game Land and eastern North Carolina.	June 2023	We propose four research objectives to deliver a status assessment and gather foundational dataat multiple scales to enable the NCWRC to enhance the persistence of the sparrow at theVOAGL and the State. At the local level, we propose to estimate the sparrow’s capacity tosustain themselves, and quantify the sparrow’s response to habitat management at the Voice ofAmerica Game Land site. The latter is particularly important to lay a foundation for an adaptivemanagement framework to guide habitat management. At the landscape level, we propose towork closely with the North Carolina Bird Atlas project personnel to survey habitats outside theVoice of America Game Land, and lastly, determine the genetic distinctiveness of the NorthCarolina population not addressed by Ibargüen (2004). Off-site surveys are justified tostrengthen the bases for strategic habitat conservation plans to reduce risks of extinction.Likewise, understanding the evolutionary history and genetic connectivity of the North Carolinapopulation of C. henslowii is essential to assess their persistence potential by establishing if theNorth Carolina population is effectively isolated, or subject to “rescue effects” by a broader poolof post-wintering birds from other parts of the species range.	We propose four research objectives to deliver a status assessment and gather foundational dataat multiple scales to enable the NCWRC to enhance the persistence of the sparrow at theVOAGL and the State. At the local level, we propose to estimate the sparrow’s capacity tosustain themselves, and quantify the sparrow’s response to habitat management at the Voice ofAmerica Game Land site. The latter is particularly important to lay a foundation for an adaptivemanagement framework to guide habitat management. At the landscape level, we propose towork closely with the North Carolina Bird Atlas project personnel to survey habitats outside theVoice of America Game Land, and lastly, determine the genetic distinctiveness of the NorthCarolina population not addressed by Ibargüen (2004). Off-site surveys are justified tostrengthen the bases for strategic habitat conservation plans to reduce risks of extinction.Likewise, understanding the evolutionary history and genetic connectivity of the North Carolinapopulation of C. henslowii is essential to assess their persistence potential by establishing if theNorth Carolina population is effectively isolated, or subject to “rescue effects” by a broader poolof post-wintering birds from other parts of the species range.
Development of an early warning system to identify changing prescribed burn opportunities across southeast US fire-adapted habitats.	May 2025	The project summary should provide a synopsis of the overall proposal. Key sections from the full proposal that <i>must </i>be summarized are: (1) Objectives/Justification, (2) Background, (3) Procedures/Methods, (4) Expected Products and Information/Technology Transfer, and (5) Personnel/Cooperators/Partners. The project summary should be included in the proposal PDF and should also be submitted separately in RFPManager. <i>NOTE: this summary does not replace the required “plain language public summary”.</i>	The project summary should provide a synopsis of the overall proposal. Key sections from the full proposal that <i>must </i>be summarized are: (1) Objectives/Justification, (2) Background, (3) Procedures/Methods, (4) Expected Products and Information/Technology Transfer, and (5) Personnel/Cooperators/Partners. The project summary should be included in the proposal PDF and should also be submitted separately in RFPManager. <i>NOTE: this summary does not replace the required “plain language public summary”.</i>
Strategic habitat conservation and adaptive strategies for recovery and pre-listing conservation of Eleutherodactylus (coqui) amphibians in Puerto Rico.	September 2022	The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources want to develop a plan of actions to help the recovery of two endangered species in the genus <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> (commonly known as “coqui”), while also reducing the risk that 14 other coqui species are added to the Endangered Species list. Our multi-disciplinary research team responded by developing foundational environmental and ecological knowledge required to build a robust strategy. To date, we have identified factors influencing where species occur, their abundance, and key drivers of reproduction<sup> </sup>influenced by two major sources of environmental change—climate and land use change—for three representative species (<i>E. wightmanae, E. britonni, </i>and<i> E. antillensis</i>). For this next research stage we propose to: 1) characterize the ability of the three representative species plus the endangered <i>E. juanriveroi,</i> to cope with environmental stresses (i.e. their <i>adaptive capacity</i>) using a combination of laboratory and field experiments, 2) map the genetic structure of these species to learn about connections between different populations and identify centers of genetic diversity, and 3) assist agencies in the development of conservation strategies centered on two potential adaptation actions: species relocations to new habitats (i.e. translocations) and making connections to climate-resilient habitats. By investigating the most effective ways to carry out translocations, we will help decision makers answer WHEN it is best to begin consideration of translocations versus continuing to manage at existing locations. And by investigating which habitats have the potential to be resilient in a changing climate, we will help decision makers answer WHERE the best ‘areas of conservation interest’ would be for translocated individuals. Ultimately, our methods will be applicable to other environmental change settings in the context of developing recovery plans and for helping to prevent the listing of species.	The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources want to develop a portfolio of actions to enhance the status of 2 endangered species and prevent the listing of 14 species in the genus <i>Eleutherodactylus</i>, commonly known as “coqui.” To respond to this need, we developed a multi-disciplinary project aimed at gaining foundational knowledge to build a robust, well-informed adaptive conservation strategy. To date, we have identified factors influencing where species occur, their abundance, and what influences their reproduction<sup> </sup>in the context of two major sources of environmental change—climate (altitudinal gradient) and predominant land uses—for three representative species (<i>E. wightmanae, E. britonni, </i>and<i> E. cochranae</i>). Finally, as a precursor and illustration of the endpoint of the project, we constructed a decision framework for the conservation of <i>E. juanriveroi</i>, one of the two endangered species. Herein we propose to: 1) elucidate the adaptive capacity of the representative species, including <i>E. juanriveroi,</i> to cope with environmental stresses using laboratory (<i>terraria</i>) experiments and develop translocation protocols, 2) ascertain the genetic structure of the aforementioned species to gain insights about connectivity and identify centers of genetic diversity, and 3) frame a conservation strategy centered on two classes of adaptation actions: translocations/introductions and climate refuges. The strategy will enable decision makers to address the temporal and spatial components of recovery and pre-listing efforts. By incorporating translocations/introductions, decision makers address the question of WHEN to invest in <i>in-situ</i> management as opposed to translocations/introductions. The second component help guide decision makers to determine WHERE to translocate/introduce individuals, effectively informing decisions about strategic habitat conservation by creating scenario maps, a list of candidate “areas of conservation interest” that could serve as introduction sites and climatic <i>refugia</i> to enhance recovery/delisting of endangered species or prevent listing of at-risk species.
Estimation of US Atlantic Red Snapper Abundance	August 2023	Previously collected trap and video data, along with ROV survey data, will be used to estimate red snapper abundance within an integrated population modeling framework. Population models require spatial replication over the study area of interest and temporal replicates that are independent but close enough in time to ensure population closure. The proposed study would use trap and video count data to estimate detection probability and abundance of red snapper with an integrated populaiton model fitted in a Bayesian framework. Covariates that influence red snapper detection probability and abundance will be used to predict abundance (with associated uncertainty) at habitats that are similar to SEFIS sampling sites but not sampled. We will conduct workshops with reef fishery stakeholders to assist with identification of non-sampled hard bottom habitats. Based on past work, covariates important to red snapper abundance are likely to include bottom temperature, depth, latitude, and substrate type. A key question with this work is the spatial area that an individual SEFIS trap and video station effectively samples. Recently, project collaborators measured the response of red snapper around baited traps using fine spatial scale telemetry data, and response distance information will be used to estimate the sampled area at trap stations. Red snapper densities derived from ROV surveys will also be estimated at habitat types generally not sampled by SEFIS. Spatial maps of important covariates and habitat type will be used to generate abundance by area across the study region. These individual abundance values would be summed to estimate abundance of red snapper (with associated uncertainty) in the US Atlantic.	Previously collected trap and video data, along with ROV survey data, will be used to estimate red snapper abundance within an integrated population modeling framework. Population models require spatial replication over the study area of interest and temporal replicates that are independent but close enough in time to ensure population closure. The proposed study would use trap and video count data to estimate detection probability and abundance of red snapper with an integrated populaiton model fitted in a Bayesian framework. Covariates that influence red snapper detection probability and abundance will be used to predict abundance (with associated uncertainty) at habitats that are similar to SEFIS sampling sites but not sampled. We will conduct workshops with reef fishery stakeholders to assist with identification of non-sampled hard bottom habitats. Based on past work, covariates important to red snapper abundance are likely to include bottom temperature, depth, latitude, and substrate type. A key question with this work is the spatial area that an individual SEFIS trap and video station effectively samples. Recently, project collaborators measured the response of red snapper around baited traps using fine spatial scale telemetry data, and response distance information will be used to estimate the sampled area at trap stations. Red snapper densities derived from ROV surveys will also be estimated at habitat types generally not sampled by SEFIS. Spatial maps of important covariates and habitat type will be used to generate abundance by area across the study region. These individual abundance values would be summed to estimate abundance of red snapper (with associated uncertainty) in the US Atlantic.
Deer Ecology Across an Urban-Rural Continuum	December 2025	Urban/suburban areas continue to spread into rural areas, increasing the need to understand deer ecology and assess the cultural impacts of deer and deer hunting across the urban-rural continuum. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) is faced with an increased number of interactions between humans and deer in areas of high human and/or deer density, and these interactions often have negative outcomes (e.g., vehicle collisions). There is limited understanding across this continuum of public perceptions and desires of deer and deer hunting, along with little data on deer movements, density, recruitment, survival, and causes of mortality, or how hunting (the primary herd management tool) affects deer populations. Additionally, harvest and survey trends used to monitor herds across county or management zones are confounded by unknown hunter effort and success in these expanding urban/suburban areas. This project aims to increase understanding of spatial and temporal variation in white-tailed deer ecology across an urban-rural continuum in North Carolina and how harvest regulations affect white-tailed deer herds across these landscapes. Results will be available to help evaluate current NCWRC programs (Urban Archery Season, Community DMAP, depredation permits) and adjust or create new programs. Information can also be used to provide technical guidance to municipalities, landowners, and hunters. Results will be applicable to areas across the state and will have implications for other urban-rural areas across the state and country.	Urban/suburban areas continue to spread into rural areas, increasing the need to understand deer ecology and assess the cultural impacts of deer and deer hunting across the urban-rural continuum. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) is faced with an increased number of interactions between humans and deer in areas of high human and/or deer density, and these interactions often have negative outcomes (e.g., vehicle collisions). There is limited understanding across this continuum of public perceptions and desires of deer and deer hunting, along with little data on deer movements, density, recruitment, survival, and causes of mortality, or how hunting (the primary herd management tool) affects deer populations. Additionally, harvest and survey trends used to monitor herds across county or management zones are confounded by unknown hunter effort and success in these expanding urban/suburban areas. This project aims to increase understanding of spatial and temporal variation in white-tailed deer ecology across an urban-rural continuum in North Carolina and how harvest regulations affect white-tailed deer herds across these landscapes. Results will be available to help evaluate current NCWRC programs (Urban Archery Season, Community DMAP, depredation permits) and adjust or create new programs. Information can also be used to provide technical guidance to municipalities, landowners, and hunters. Results will be applicable to areas across the state and will have implications for other urban-rural areas across the state and country.
Habitat Characteristics of Bear-Vehicle Collision Kill Sites, Bear Family Group Dynamics and Source-Sink Dynamics for Black Bears in Urban Environments and the Implications for Regional Black Bear Population	December 2022	Cities now constitute one of the most rapidly growing ecosystems in the world, and with the global spotlight on increasing urbanization and development, the focus on wildlife in ‘natural’ systems is sharing importance with a focus on wildlife in urban systems, providing unique research opportunities in ecology and conservation. Currently, greater than 10% of the earth’s land surface is categorized as ‘urban cover’ and that area is continually growing. By 2050, 70% of the human population is expected to live in cities, which now constitute one of the ‘newest and fastest growing’ ecosystems in the world. In North Carolina, black bear populations occupy nearly two-thirds of the state and their range continues to expand, including into areas with high densities of people and road networks. Humans and black bears are now living in greater proximity to each other, resulting in increased human-bear interactions and some areas of the state may have reached or exceeded the social carrying capacity. Continued investigations into the fine–scale spatial and behavioral ecology of black bears in urban environments is warranted. For example, the identification of characteristics associated with bear-vehicle mortality along major interstates will help identify habitat characteristics associated with collision, and thus may aid in reducing collisions with vehicles. Additionally, in source-sink dynamics, wildlife populations that have access to high quality habitat typically have birth rates that are greater than death rates and surplus individuals disperse from the population as emigrants. In contrast, sink populations have low habitat quality, or suitability, and thus experience death rates that exceed birth rates and the population could decline towards extinction (i.e., a sink), unless ‘rescued’ by immigration from surrounding source populations. We will evaluate family group dynamics and estimate population growth rates and population dynamics. Clearly, these objectives have direct and indirect consequences for humans and bears in our rapidly changing urban environments.	Cities now constitute one of the most rapidly growing ecosystems in the world, and with the global spotlight on increasing urbanization and development, the focus on wildlife in ‘natural’ systems is sharing importance with a focus on wildlife in urban systems, providing unique research opportunities in ecology and conservation. Currently, greater than 10% of the earth’s land surface is categorized as ‘urban cover’ and that area is continually growing. By 2050, 70% of the human population is expected to live in cities, which now constitute one of the ‘newest and fastest growing’ ecosystems in the world. In North Carolina, black bear populations occupy nearly two-thirds of the state and their range continues to expand, including into areas with high densities of people and road networks. Humans and black bears are now living in greater proximity to each other, resulting in increased human-bear interactions and some areas of the state may have reached or exceeded the social carrying capacity. Continued investigations into the fine–scale spatial and behavioral ecology of black bears in urban environments is warranted. For example, the identification of characteristics associated with bear-vehicle mortality along major interstates will help identify habitat characteristics associated with collision, and thus may aid in reducing collisions with vehicles. Additionally, in source-sink dynamics, wildlife populations that have access to high quality habitat typically have birth rates that are greater than death rates and surplus individuals disperse from the population as emigrants. In contrast, sink populations have low habitat quality, or suitability, and thus experience death rates that exceed birth rates and the population could decline towards extinction (i.e., a sink), unless ‘rescued’ by immigration from surrounding source populations. We will evaluate family group dynamics and estimate population growth rates and population dynamics. Clearly, these objectives have direct and indirect consequences for humans and bears in our rapidly changing urban environments.
Advancing the knowledge of freshwater mussel conservation: examining the role of manganese on recent mussel die-offs and enigmatic declines	May 2023	The Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States contain the greatest biodiversity of native freshwater mussels in the world, but they are highly imperiled due to habitat alteration and destruction, pollution and poor water quality, and the introduction of aquatic invasive species. Over recent decades, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and state fish and wildlife management agency biologists have responded to an increased frequency of mussel die-offs, enigmatic declines, and problems with decreased mussel growth and survival, but a definiticve cause has yet to be identified. However, a recent, but unexplained relation has been identified between manganese (Mn) concentrations and several of these mussel decline and die-off events. Therefore, we propose to examine the toxicity of Mn to mussels in controlled laboratory tests with captively propagated larval and juvenile mussels and with adult mussels collected from low Mn-containing streams. We will then compare these findings to mussels and Mn concentrations in water and sediment from streams where die-offs and declines have occurred. This high impact project focuses on native freshwater mussel conservation priorities of the Southeast region and potentially nation-wide. The project has direct links to the strategic science needs of the natural and cultural resource managers in the region and beyond, because it addresses specific priorities outlined in the State Wildlife Action Plans for the conservation of native freshwater mussels in the States of North Carolina and Virginia and federal at-risk molluscan species in Region 4 and Region 5 of the USFWS and others across the country. In addition, this project will have direct relevance and benefit to other federal resource management and research agencies, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, who utilize the mussel toxicity data in water quality criterion development. The completion of these research objectives will provide natural resource managers and other decision makers with real-world exposure and survival scenarios and would directly impact the recovery plan for the endangered Appalachian Elktoe mussel by informing the potential causal mechanisms for its die-off and decline in the Little Tennessee River of North Carolina. The persistence of all freshwater mussels will be addressed in the scope of the project.	The Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States contain the greatest biodiversity of native freshwater mussels in the world, but they are highly imperiled due to habitat alteration and destruction, pollution and poor water quality, and the introduction of aquatic invasive species. Over recent decades, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and state fish and wildlife management agency biologists have responded to an increased frequency of mussel die-offs, enigmatic declines, and problems with decreased mussel growth and survival, but a definiticve cause has yet to be identified. However, a recent, but unexplained relation has been identified between manganese (Mn) concentrations and several of these mussel decline and die-off events. Therefore, we propose to examine the toxicity of Mn to mussels in controlled laboratory tests with captively propagated larval and juvenile mussels and with adult mussels collected from low Mn-containing streams. We will then compare these findings to mussels and Mn concentrations in water and sediment from streams where die-offs and declines have occurred. This high impact project focuses on native freshwater mussel conservation priorities of the Southeast region and potentially nation-wide. The project has direct links to the strategic science needs of the natural and cultural resource managers in the region and beyond, because it addresses specific priorities outlined in the State Wildlife Action Plans for the conservation of native freshwater mussels in the States of North Carolina and Virginia and federal at-risk molluscan species in Region 4 and Region 5 of the USFWS and others across the country. In addition, this project will have direct relevance and benefit to other federal resource management and research agencies, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, who utilize the mussel toxicity data in water quality criterion development. The completion of these research objectives will provide natural resource managers and other decision makers with real-world exposure and survival scenarios and would directly impact the recovery plan for the endangered Appalachian Elktoe mussel by informing the potential causal mechanisms for its die-off and decline in the Little Tennessee River of North Carolina. The persistence of all freshwater mussels will be addressed in the scope of the project.
Impacts of sea level rise and associated salinity changes on at-risk native freshwater mussels and their habitats in Atlantic coastal rivers	December 2022	The Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States contain the greatest biodiversity of native freshwater mussels in the world, but they are highly imperiled due to habitat alteration and destruction, pollution and poor water quality, and the introduction of aquatic invasive species. Now they are at even greater risk from the stresses associated with climate change induced sea level rise and its associated changes in salinity, temperature, and stream flow. In this project, a unique opportunity exists to investigate the potential adaptation and vulnerability of a native freshwater mussel, the Tidewater Mucket, in these coastal river systems and offer solutions for its conservation. We have recently discovered a population of these mussels in a reservoir along the North Carolina-Virginia border that have been isolated from their native riverine habitat and associated natural fluctuations in salinity for over 50 years. These mussels have apparently adapted to the relatively high temperatures, low flow, and low salinity of a reservoir environment, whereas their native counterpart populations of Tidewater Mucket in the downstream portions of coastal rivers that have adapted to withstand small but periodic exposures to salinity and altered flows are declining. Our federal and state natural resource management partners, policy makers, and other stakeholders would like to know how these native coastal plain mussel populations will respond to larger and longer durations of salinity incursions like those predicted with sea level rise. In this study, we will use mussels from both the reservoir and riverine populations to understand their vulnerability to salinity by conducting sensitivity tests under controlled laboratory conditions, determine the potential effects of natural riverine salinity gradients by conducting a transplant experiment, and develop risk-based visualization maps of mussel salinity tolerances in existing occupied habitats incorporating predictions in sea level rise and projected salinity ranges. The outcomes of this research will provide actionable management and conservation information for maintaining these highly imperiled, but valuable molluscan resources.	The freshwater aquatic organisms that inhabit rivers, especially those that reside in coastal drainages live in constrained corridors. Thus, populations can only move and adapt to changing environmental conditions in a longitudinal manner (upstream to downstream or downstream to upstream). Many of these organisms have evolved and adapted to live in preferred habitats and water quality conditions within these streams, and relatively rapid human-induced changes pose a unique challenge for their continued survival and persistence. This is especially true for our native freshwater mussels belonging to the family Unionidae, which are already among the most imperiled groups of fauna on the planet. One such factor associated with changing environmental conditions in a climate-influenced scenario that may adversely impact freshwater mussels inhabiting coastal rivers is sea level rise and accompanying changes in the salinity regime. For example, a recent published study has shown that 42% of coastal North Carolina could be inundated with 100 cm of sea level rise and that evaluating this risk is essential for understanding adaptation potential and decision making. Therefore, the overall aim of this project is to investigate the adaptation and vulnerability potential of a native freshwater mussel living in coastal riverine drainages to climate-induced, sea level rise, specifically fluctuating salinity, temperature, and flow regimes. The specific objectives of our study are to: (1) assess the vulnerability of the Tidewater Mucket (<i>Leptodea ochracea</i>), an imperiled freshwater mussel species that resides in lower Atlantic Slope coastal drainages to salinity by conducting standard sensitivity tests with early life stages (e.g., larvae, juveniles) of the mussel under controlled laboratory conditions; (2) determine the potential effects of natural riverine salinity gradients on adult mussels by conducting a reciprocal transplant experiment with salinity adapted and non-salinity adapted mussels; and (3) develop a risk-based scenario of mussel salinity tolerances in existing occupied habitats incorporating predictions in sea level rise and projected salinity ranges. This project directly addresses Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center and partner agency priority topics and is a collaborative effort among North Carolina State University, the U.S. Geological Survey’s North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Raleigh North Carolina Field Office, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and the University of Georgia. The peer-reviewed publications, relevant infographics for web sites, and visualization maps of the overlap of sea level rise and mussel salinity sensitivity that will comprise our primary products and deliverables will illustrate the areas of rivers where mussels may be lost or conserved due to climate-induced salinity changes and will provide federal and state natural resource managers, policy makers, and future researchers with actionable management and conservation information and potential options for maintaining this highly imperiled, but valuable molluscan resource in the face of predicted climate-induced sea level rise and salinity fluctuations.
Association of Flow Regime with Fish and Invertebrate Assemblages in Caribbean Streams and Rivers	September 2020	The flow regime (i.e., the rate and timing of water flow) is a central physical factor regulating the dynamics of biotic communities in stream and river ecosystems. The determination of optimal flow regimes that meet societal demands for water resources while sustaining and enhancing aquatic life is especially applicable to tropical island aquatic ecosystems, and the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico is an ideal landscape upon which to empirically research such dynamics. Recent destructive tropical storms in the Caribbean further compel and facilitate study of extreme disturbance, both as flooding and drought, and the need to plan adaptation strategies is critical. In response to critical information and research needs, we propose research to address specific objectives, with an ultimate goal of understanding how stream flow dynamics affect aquatic communities, as an initial step toward ultimately developing environmental flow prescriptions to sustain and enhance aquatic life in Caribbean streams and rivers. The proposed research is multidisciplinary, including aspects of ecology, fishery science, hydrology, and climate science, and spans multiple spatial, temporal, and organizational scales. The objectives will be addressed via empirical data analyses of physical and biotic parameters on the island of Puerto Rico, but the findings may be applicable and informative to other tropical Caribbean islands and nations.	The flow regime (i.e., the rate and timing of water flow) is a central physical factor regulating the dynamics of biotic communities in stream and river ecosystems. The determination of optimal flow regimes that meet societal demands for water resources while sustaining and enhancing aquatic life is especially applicable to tropical island aquatic ecosystems, and the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico is an ideal landscape upon which to empirically research such dynamics. Recent destructive tropical storms in the Caribbean further compel and facilitate study of extreme disturbance, both as flooding and drought, and the need to plan adaptation strategies is critical. In response to critical information and research needs, we propose research to address specific objectives, with an ultimate goal of understanding how stream flow dynamics affect aquatic communities, as an initial step toward ultimately developing environmental flow prescriptions to sustain and enhance aquatic life in Caribbean streams and rivers. The proposed research is multidisciplinary, including aspects of ecology, fishery science, hydrology, and climate science, and spans multiple spatial, temporal, and organizational scales. The objectives will be addressed via empirical data analyses of physical and biotic parameters on the island of Puerto Rico, but the findings may be applicable and informative to other tropical Caribbean islands and nations.
Applying downscaled climate projections to inform decisions	June 2019	This project is designed to help prevent listing Eleutherodactylus species that are at risk of becoming endangered under the Endangered Species List. Eleutherodactylus species are of conservation interest, and are typified by high endemism, relative low vagility, and largely stenoclimatic. This project will address two objectives that will help the decision makers in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to formulate conservation measures. First, ascertain physiological thresholds (temperature, humidity) of selected species (biological models). This critical to permit forecasting species distribution in response to environmental changes and identify potential environmental refugia. Second, develop and test translocation protocols to either enhance populations via reintroductions or translocations to locations characterized by long-term suitability (refugia). Suitable areas for long-term conservation will be identified by combining physiological threshold information, downscaled climate projections (SE Climate Science Center), and a decision support tool to conduct habitat threats and risk assessments.	This project is designed to help prevent listing Eleutherodactylus species that are at risk of becoming endangered under the Endangered Species List. Eleutherodactylus species are of conservation interest, and are typified by high endemism, relative low vagility, and largely stenoclimatic. This project will address two objectives that will help the decision makers in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to formulate conservation measures. First, ascertain physiological thresholds (temperature, humidity) of selected species (biological models). This critical to permit forecasting species distribution in response to environmental changes and identify potential environmental refugia. Second, develop and test translocation protocols to either enhance populations via reintroductions or translocations to locations characterized by long-term suitability (refugia). Suitable areas for long-term conservation will be identified by combining physiological threshold information, downscaled climate projections (SE Climate Science Center), and a decision support tool to conduct habitat threats and risk assessments.
Advancing Use and Application of Diverse Data Sources and Species Distribution Models.	September 2018	We propose to develop an analytical framework that integrates multiple data sources to efficiently and effectively understand current and future avian distribution patterns and the potential for sustaining populations. Arriving at these inferences will be dictated, in large measure, on the availability and suitability of a variety of data sources to populate models. In recent years, non-traditional data gathering approaches (e.g., citizen science) have gained impetus and prominence due to their appeal and acceptance by the public. Cumulative data raises the prospect of its potential to supplement or complement other data sources (e.g., BBS, ARMI, NAAMP), and thus, improve inferences about species distribution and responses to a changing environment if used rigorously. The framework will also be useful to identify critical information gaps and provide guidelines to collect data in ways that reduce specified uncertainties in model inferences, and will be applicable to other taxa.	We propose to develop an analytical framework that integrates multiple data sources to efficiently and effectively understand current and future avian distribution patterns and the potential for sustaining populations. Arriving at these inferences will be dictated, in large measure, on the availability and suitability of a variety of data sources to populate models. In recent years, non-traditional data gathering approaches (e.g., citizen science) have gained impetus and prominence due to their appeal and acceptance by the public. Cumulative data raises the prospect of its potential to supplement or complement other data sources (e.g., BBS, ARMI, NAAMP), and thus, improve inferences about species distribution and responses to a changing environment if used rigorously. The framework will also be useful to identify critical information gaps and provide guidelines to collect data in ways that reduce specified uncertainties in model inferences, and will be applicable to other taxa.
Optimal Sampling of Animal Communities.	September 2019	The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has approximately 2.4-2.5 million acres of private lands enrolled in the Safe Harbor Program for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (RCW) across the Southeast. The RCW could be viewed as a “surrogate” species, and the interest of the USFWS is in quantifying and evaluating the conservation benefits of RCW practices on non-surrogate species. The objective of this work is to develop a sampling scheme that will help USFWS quantify the benefits of Safe Harbor Management Agreements (SHMA) on non-surrogate species across southeastern United States. Because SHMAs influence present and future habitat conditions, the sampling scheme will be geared towards estimating parameters that quantify species richness and the dynamics of single species or avian communities over time (e.g., occupancy, extinction and colonization rates, inference about interactions). This work will tap existing occupancy-based models, develop extensions if needed, but center their application around a sound and flexible sampling design for implementation across the southeast.	The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has approximately 2.4-2.5 million acres of private lands enrolled in the Safe Harbor Program for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (RCW) across the Southeast. The RCW could be viewed as a “surrogate” species, and the interest of the USFWS is in quantifying and evaluating the conservation benefits of RCW practices on non-surrogate species. The objective of this work is to develop a sampling scheme that will help USFWS quantify the benefits of Safe Harbor Management Agreements (SHMA) on non-surrogate species across southeastern United States. Because SHMAs influence present and future habitat conditions, the sampling scheme will be geared towards estimating parameters that quantify species richness and the dynamics of single species or avian communities over time (e.g., occupancy, extinction and colonization rates, inference about interactions). This work will tap existing occupancy-based models, develop extensions if needed, but center their application around a sound and flexible sampling design for implementation across the southeast.
NRCS Habitat Enhancement and Best Practices Program: opportunities to maximize the presence of pollinators and the positive impact of the program on natural resources and coffee growers.	December 2018	Land use patterns in Puerto Rico have caused severe forest fragmentation island wide, threatening species persistence through habitat isolation and declining habitat quality. Habitat protection is expensive, and may exclude alternatives that yield desirable conservation outcomes. Incorporating non-protected habitats (e.g., restored-shade coffee plantations) into strategy habitat conservation initiatives is a viable strategy to enhance species persistence and best management practices (e.g., pollinators) without affecting the economic bottom line of landowners. This project will inform decision makers of the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (Caribbean) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on where and when to invest shade-restoration efforts in the central mountainous region of the island. Alternatives will be ranked by costs and benefits in terms of landscape habitat connectivity and redundancy, and ultimately, species persistence. The project is being done in coordination with the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (Caribbean) and the Caribbean Field Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.	Land use patterns in Puerto Rico have caused severe forest fragmentation island wide, threatening species persistence through habitat isolation and declining habitat quality. Habitat protection is expensive, and may exclude alternatives that yield desirable conservation outcomes. Incorporating non-protected habitats (e.g., restored-shade coffee plantations) into strategy habitat conservation initiatives is a viable strategy to enhance species persistence and best management practices (e.g., pollinators) without affecting the economic bottom line of landowners. This project will inform decision makers of the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (Caribbean) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on where and when to invest shade-restoration efforts in the central mountainous region of the island. Alternatives will be ranked by costs and benefits in terms of landscape habitat connectivity and redundancy, and ultimately, species persistence. The project is being done in coordination with the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (Caribbean) and the Caribbean Field Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
National Biogeographic Analysis & Synthesis	September 2019	The threats posed by climate change, urbanization, and invasive species, underscore the need for proactive management. However, conservation planning at regional and national extents continues to be limited by the lack of consistent, detailed and current data on biological resources. The goal of this proposal is to provide data, synthesis, and analyses to increase our understanding of the status of biodiversity and drivers of change. We will emphasize factors affecting national trust resources. To meet the project’s goal, we will: 1) analyze trends in biodiversity, investigating drivers of change and potential implications for future changes in diversity; 2) synthesize data and update species-habitat distribution maps to determine the current status of biodiversity in the nation; and 3) assist in building a National Biogeographic Map and a central tool for disseminating the synthesis of information.	The threats posed by climate change, urbanization, and invasive species, underscore the need for proactive management. However, conservation planning at regional and national extents continues to be limited by the lack of consistent, detailed and current data on biological resources. The goal of this proposal is to provide data, synthesis, and analyses to increase our understanding of the status of biodiversity and drivers of change. We will emphasize factors affecting national trust resources. To meet the project’s goal, we will: 1) analyze trends in biodiversity, investigating drivers of change and potential implications for future changes in diversity; 2) synthesize data and update species-habitat distribution maps to determine the current status of biodiversity in the nation; and 3) assist in building a National Biogeographic Map and a central tool for disseminating the synthesis of information.
Development of Long-term acoustic monitoring program and projected species distribution under future scenarios in the US Caribbean.	September 2021	Landuse patterns and projected global warming represent two major drivers that induce population declines and range contractions of many resident avian and amphibian species in Puerto Rico. This project will create species distribution maps for bird and anuran species that are critically endangered, vulnerable or data deficient and will use future climate scenarios to determine how their distribution may change in the future. Present protected areas will not suffice<b> </b>to safeguard species of great conservation need under climate change; therefore, decision makers should consider establishing larger protected areas, buffer zones, and connectivity between protected areas. This work provides State and Federal conservation agencies with a blueprint to frame habitat conservation strategies. The project is a collaboration with researchers from the University of Puerto Rico (Rio Piedras), Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center, and biologists of the Science Applications and Caribbean Field Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.	Landuse patterns and projected global warming represent two major drivers that induce population declines and range contractions of many resident avian and amphibian species in Puerto Rico. This project will create species distribution maps for bird and anuran species that are critically endangered, vulnerable or data deficient and will use future climate scenarios to determine how their distribution may change in the future. Present protected areas will not suffice<b> </b>to safeguard species of great conservation need under climate change; therefore, decision makers should consider establishing larger protected areas, buffer zones, and connectivity between protected areas. This work provides State and Federal conservation agencies with a blueprint to frame habitat conservation strategies. The project is a collaboration with researchers from the University of Puerto Rico (Rio Piedras), Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center, and biologists of the Science Applications and Caribbean Field Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Characterizing Uncertainty in Changing Precipitation Regimes for Ecological and Hydrological Applicaitons in the Southeast and the Caribbean US.	August 2021	Changing precipitation regimes, such as changes to rainfall intensity or prolonged drought, threaten both the natural and built environment. Changes in local to regional precipitation regimes is a result of complex interactions within the climate system, and to better understand how these climate system processes change in a warmer climate requires special attention to regionally relevant atmospheric processes. Climate change simulations are typically at spatial scales (>100-km), and it is well known that climate models are unable to resolve important precipitation processes at these coarser resolutions, especially with respect to precipitation extremes. This research uses high-resolution regional climate models at relevant spatial scales to better characterize, quantify, and understand changing precipitation processes as the climate warms. The research uses a co-production framework where stakeholders inform the design of the high-resolution climate model experiments while creating data relevant to the needs of ecological and hydrological applications within the Southeast and Caribbean US. The current focus is to provide high-resolution climate model data and perform relevant analysis informed by scientists and stakeholders concerned with species conservation and hydrologic design. This project is a joint effort of researchers within USGS and the US EPA with additional stakeholders interested in project outcomes including the US Fish and Wildlife Services, USFS, Federal Highway Administration, and the NC Department of Transportation.	Changing precipitation regimes, such as changes to rainfall intensity or prolonged drought, threaten both the natural and built environment. Changes in local to regional precipitation regimes is a result of complex interactions within the climate system, and to better understand how these climate system processes change in a warmer climate requires special attention to regionally relevant atmospheric processes. Climate change simulations are typically at spatial scales (>100-km), and it is well known that climate models are unable to resolve important precipitation processes at these coarser resolutions, especially with respect to precipitation extremes. This research uses high-resolution regional climate models at relevant spatial scales to better characterize, quantify, and understand changing precipitation processes as the climate warms. The research uses a co-production framework where stakeholders inform the design of the high-resolution climate model experiments while creating data relevant to the needs of ecological and hydrological applications within the Southeast and Caribbean US. The current focus is to provide high-resolution climate model data and perform relevant analysis informed by scientists and stakeholders concerned with species conservation and hydrologic design. This project is a joint effort of researchers within USGS and the US EPA with additional stakeholders interested in project outcomes including the US Fish and Wildlife Services, USFS, Federal Highway Administration, and the NC Department of Transportation.
Impacts of Global Change on Biotic Resistance, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services in Caribbean Fish Assemblages, Fisheries, and Aquatic Ecosystems	August 2023	Extreme events not only affect people but can have detrimental impacts on natural resources, such as fish and freshwater habitat. Impacts of extreme events, like hurricanes, tornadoes, and extreme flooding, have immediate consequences, but also have the ability to alter habitat and animals far in the future by providing opportunities for exotic species to colonize new areas. Some fish communities in streams, rivers, and lakes may have the natural ability to resist the long-term impacts of extreme weather events. In this project, researchers will investigate the ability of Caribbean fish assemblages in Puerto Rico, which have both economic and cultural importance, to resist the impacts of extreme weather events. This information would allow natural resource managers on the island to develop appropriate responses to these events when managing fisheries resource. Furthermore, the project scientists will determine how changes in freshwater fish over time to hurricanes and other extreme weather events will impact the services (e.g., recreational and subsistence fishing practices) the fish will provide in the future. This work will not only deliver important information to fisheries managers and the community of Puerto Rico but could also be used by managers in other island systems.	Ecological disturbance and its impacts on organisms and ecosystems is a longstanding concept in ecology. Understanding and planning for the effects of disturbances, such as extreme weather events, on natural resources may help managers respond to the impacts of extreme events more effectively. The diversity of freshwater fish species in Puerto Rico may provide natural biotic resistance and resilience to colonization by nonnative species following disturbances; however this has not yet been studied in Caribbean island freshwater ecosystems. Puerto Rico provides an ideal study location to test this hypothesis in Caribbean fish assemblages and apply the results to other similar closed freshwater island systems. We propose to determine changes in stream and river fish assemblages over time at multiple temporal scales (e.g., seasonal, annual, decadal), examine fish assemblages and fisheries dynamics in relation to biotic resistance from exotic species invasions while relating changes to landscape (e.g., dams and reservoirs) and climate influences, project changes in fish assemblages and their ecosystem services in the future, and determine the impacts on the community and stakeholders. Through regular communication, written reports, peer-reviewed publications, and other tailored communication products, we will transfer our results to regional stakeholders to help guide strategic planning efforts. Climate change is predicted to increase the number of extreme events globally, and having a clearer understanding of the impacts of such events on natural resources will help managers develop efficient adaptation strategies and allocate resources appropriately. This work will be a collaboration among the North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, North Carolina State University, USGS National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources
Fishery Population and Habitat Assessment in Puerto Rico Streams: Project F-50.8	October 2023	We are compiling and synthesizing the most relevant information on the freshwater and diadromous fishes of Puerto Rico and publishing it in a comprehensive book. Information on the life history, distribution, identification, biology, ecology, conservation, and management of Puerto Rico fishes is to be included. A primary source of this information is the research findings from research conducted by the NC Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit on fishery populations and habitats in streams and rivers. These research findings will be supplemented by previous research and investigations published in the primary literature, and various agency reports on the relevant species and habitats will also be included.	We are compiling and synthesizing the most relevant information on the freshwater and diadromous fishes of Puerto Rico and publishing it in a comprehensive book. Information on the life history, distribution, identification, biology, ecology, conservation, and management of Puerto Rico fishes is to be included. A primary source of this information is the research findings from research conducted by the NC Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit on fishery populations and habitats in streams and rivers. These research findings will be supplemented by previous research and investigations published in the primary literature, and various agency reports on the relevant species and habitats will also be included.
Population Status and Genetic Structure of the Carolina Madtom	July 2018	The Carolina madtom, Noturus furiosus, is a small catfish endemic to the Neuse and Tar river basins of North Carolina. The species spans a restricted range in these two basins, and the Neuse basin population appears to be declining. We will conduct research to define the extant distribution and populations of the Carolina madtom and further quantify sampling bias and efficiency toward understanding and modeling the species distribution and abundance. We will also estimate critical parameters of genetic isolation and diversity within and among populations. These findings will provide critical, timely information for the Species Status Assessment, inform protective listing decisions, and guide conservation planning for the species.	None

Research Publications

Research Publications	Publication Date
Zulian, V, K Pacifici, NM Bacheler, JA Buckel, WF Patterson III, BJ Reich, KW Shertzer, NJ Hostetter. 2024. Applying mark-resight, count, and telemetry data to estimate effective sampling area and fish density with stationary underwater cameras. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2023-0373 \| Abstract	August 2024	Accurate estimates of abundance and density within geographically open populations must account for sampling gear effective sampling area (ESA). We describe a Marked N-Mixture model to estimate ESA and density (number of individuals/unit area) from repeated counts of unmarked and marked individuals, integrating mark-resight, camera counts, and telemetry data of red snapper (<i>Lutjanus campechanus</i>)<i> </i>at a 1.6 km<sup>2</sup> reef off North Carolina, USA. Cameras recorded observations of unmarked and marked individuals, whereas telemetry data indicated the number of tagged fish present on the reef. We estimated density (95 individuals/km<sup>2</sup>, 95%CI.:58–149), ESA (which was lower when current direction was towards the camera), detection probability (0.06, 95%CI.: 0.03–0.09), and covariate relationships. Simulation studies under different scenarios of data quality and space use identified positive bias in density estimates from N-mixture models due to fish movement, while the Marked N-Mixture model returned unbiased estimates of density and ESA. Our approach allowed the estimation of density, improved precision, and reduced the bias of parameter estimates, even under scenarios of poor data and animal movement, and can be applied to other geographically open populations where count and telemetry overlap in space and time.
Yackel Adams AA, NJ Hostetter, WA Link, and SJ Converse. 2024. Identifying Pareto-efficient eradication strategies for invasive populations. Conservation Letters: e13051.	September 2024
Williams, S.G., D. T. Cobb, and J. A. Collazo. ELK HABITAT SUITABILITY Map for North Carolina. Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies.	February 2015
White, Thomas H., Jr., Jaime A. Collazo, Stephen J. Dinsmore, and Ivan Llerandi-Roman. 2014. Niche restriction and conservatism in a neotropical psittacine: the case of the Puerto Rican parrot. In Habitat Loss: Causes, Impacts on Biodiversity and Reduction Strategies. NovaSciencePublishers, Inc., Hauppauge NY.	May 2014
White, T. H., Jr., J. A. Collazo, and F. J. Vilella. 2005. Survival of captive-reared Puerto Rican Parrots released in the Caribbean National Forest. Condor 107:424-432.	August 2005
White, T. H., Jr., J. A. Collazo, F. J. Vilella, and S. A. Guerrero. 2005. Effects of hurricane Georges on habitat use by captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots (Amazona ventralis) released in the Dominican Republic. Ornitolog�a Neotropical 16:405-417.	June 2005
White, T. H., G. G. Brown, and J. A. Collazo. 2006. Artificial cavities and nest-site selection by Puerto Rican Parrots: a multiscale assessment. Avian Conservation and Ecology 1 (3): 5 [online] URL: www://ace-eco. org/voll/iss3/art5/.	December 2006
Webster, R. A., Pollock, K. H., and Simons, T. R. 2008. Bayesian spatial modeling of point transect data from bird surveys. Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics 13: 121-139.	June 2008
Weaver, D.M., T.J. Kwak, and K.H. Pollock. 2014. Sampling characteristics and calibration of snorkel counts to estimate stream fish populations. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 34:1159-1166.	December 2014
Weaver, D.M. and T.J. Kwak. 2013. Assessing effects of stocked trout on nongame fish assemblages in southern Appalachian Mountain streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142: 1495-1507.	September 2013
Waters, D. S., T. J. Kwak, J. B. Arnott, and W. E. Pine III. 2004. Evaluation of stomach tubes and gastric lavage for sampling diets from blue catfish and flathead catfish. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24: 258-261.	February 2004
Waters, D. S., R. L. Noble, and J. E. Hightower. 2005. Fishing and natural mortality of adult largemouth bass in a tropical reservoir. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134:563-571.	May 2005
Waters, C. T., and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Effect of Water Quality on Hatching Success of Blueback Herring Eggs in the Chowan River Basin, North Carolina. Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 61:23-28.	January 2009
Wallace, B.C., D.M. Weaver, and T.J. Kwak. 2011. Efficiency of baited hoop nets for sampling catfish in southeastern U.S. small impoundments. Pages 581-588 in P.H. Michaletz and V.H. Travnichek, editors. Conservation, ecology, and management of catfish: the second international symposium. American Fisheries Society Symposium 77, Bethesda, Maryland.	September 2011
WIEWEL, A. N. M., S. J. DINSMORE, AND J. A. COLLAZO. 2013. NEST SURVIVAL AND BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE PUERTO RICAN BULLFINCH (LOXIGILLA PORTORICENSIS) IN SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO RICO. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 125 (4). December 2013	December 2013
Veran, S., K. J. Kleiner, R. Choquet, J. A. Collazo, and J. D. Nichols. 2012. Modeling habitat dynamics accounting for possible misclassification. Landscape Ecology 27:943-956.	April 2012
Vega-Castillo, S. I., J. A. Collazo, A. R. Puente-Rolón, and E. Cuevas. 2020. Influence of habitat structure and prey abundance on occupancy and abundance of two anoles ecomorphs, Anolis cristatellus and Anolis krugi, in Secondary Karst Forests in Northern Puerto Rico. J. of Herpetology 54(1) : 107-117. doi.org/10.1670/19-009	March 2020
Van Beusekom, A. E., W. A. Gould, A. J. Terando, J. A. Collazo. 2015. . CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER RESOURCES IN A TROPICAL ISLAND SYSTEM: PROPAGATION OF UNCERTAINTY FROM STATISTICALLY DOWNSCALED CLIMATE MODELS TO HYDROLOGIC MODELS. International Journal of Climatology 2015:1-36. doi:10.1002/joc.4560.	October 2015
Van Beusekom, A. E., L. E. Hay, R. J. Viger, W. A. Gould, J. A. Collazo, and A. Henareh Khalyani. 2014. Modeling Surface Runoff in Puerto Rico with Dynamic Land Cover.	April 2014
Tuomikoski, J. E., P. J. Rudershausen, J. A. Buckel, and J. E. Hightower. 2008. Effects of age-1 striped bass predation on juvenile fishes in western Albemarle Sound. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137:324?339.	February 2008
Tripp, K. J., and J. A. Collazo. 2003. Density and distribution of water boatmen and brine shrimp at a major shorebird wintering area in Puerto Rico. Wetlands Ecology and Management 11:331-341.	October 2003
Thompson, J. S., D. S. Waters, J. A. Rice, and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Seasonal fishing and natural mortality of striped bass in a southeastern reservoir. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 27:681?694.	May 2007
Tharp, RM, NJ Hostetter, AB Paxton, JC Taylor, JA Buckel. 2024. Artificial structure selection by economically important reef fishes at North Carolina artificial reefs. Frontiers in Marine Science 11:1373494. doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1373494.	April 2024
Terando, A.J., B. Reich, K. Pacifici, J. Costanza, A. McKerrow, and J. Collazo. 2017. Uncertainty quantification and propagation for projections of extremes in monthly area burned under climate change: A case study in the coastal plain of Georgia, USA. Natural Hazard Uncertainty Assessment: Modeling and Decision Support, Geophysical Monograph 223, First Edition. Edited by Karin Riley, Peter Webley, and Matthew Thompson. © 2017 American Geophysical Union. Published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN: 978-1-119-02786-7.	January 2017
Terando, A., S. Traxler, and J. A. Collazo. 2013. Landscape and Climate Science and Scenarios for Florida. USGS series number (OFR 2014-1150)	April 2013
Terando, A. J., J. A. Collazo, R. Boyles, J. Bowen, V. Misra, L. Stefanova, and W. Gould. 2017. Developing multi-model ensemble projections of ecologically relevant climate variables for Puerto Rico and the US Caribbean. Extended Abstract. IP-82236, Approved 13 March 2017.	March 2017
Terando, A, J. Costanza, C. Belyea, R. R Dunn, A. McKerrow, and J. A. Collazo. 2014. The Southern Megalopolis: Using the past to predict the future of urban sprawl in the Southeast U.S. PLoS ONE.	May 2014
Tarr, N.M., M. J. Rubino, J. K. Costanza, A. J. McKerrow, J. A. Collazo4, R. C. Abt. 2016. Potential Gains and Losses in Avian and Amphibian Habitat from Bioenergy Production. Global Change Biology GCB Bioenergy (2016): 1-5. doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12383.	July 2016
TAVERNIA, B. G., J. E. LYONS, B. LOGES, A. WILSON, J. A. COLLAZO, AND M. C. RUNGE. 2015. An Evaluation of Rapid Methods for Monitoring Vegetation Characteristics of Wetland Bird Habitat. Wetlands Ecol. and Management 23:1-13. DOI 10.1007/s11273-015-9476-5	December 2015
Stringer, E.M., M.K. Stoskopf, T.R. Simons, A.F. O’Connell, and A. Waldstein. 2010. Ultrasonic Measurement of Body Fat as a Means of Assessing Body Condition in Free-Ranging Raccoons (Procyon lotor). International Journal of Zoology 2010: 1-6.	December 2010
Stolen, E.D., J, A. Collazo, and H. Franklin Percival. 2012. Benefits and costs in group foraging wading birds. Condor. Condor 114:744–754	August 2012
Stolen, E. D., J. A. Collazo, and H. Franklin Percival. 2009. Vegetation Effects on Fish Distribution in Impounded Salt Marshes. Southeastern Naturalist 8:503-814.	August 2009
Stolen, E. D., J. A. Collazo, and H. F. Percival. 2007. Scale-dependent habitat selection of nesting Great Egrets and Snowy Egrets. Waterbirds 30:384-393.	October 2007
Stocking, J.J., T.R. Simons, A.W. Parsons, and A.F. O'Connell. Submitted. Managing Native Predators to Protect Shorebirds: Evidence from a Partial Removal of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Waterbirds 40(SI1): 10-18. DOI.org/10.1675/063.040.sp103	March 2017
Stanislav, S., Pollock, K.H., Simons, T. R. and M.W. Alldredge. 2010. Separation of Availability and Perception Processes for Aural Detection in Avian Point Counts: a Combined Multiple Observer and Time-Of-Detection Approach. Avian Ecology and Conservation 5(1): 3. [online] URL: http://www.ace-eco.org/vol5/iss1/art3/ .	June 2010
Smith, W.E. and T.J. Kwak. 2015. Tropical insular fish assemblages are resilient to flood disturbance. Ecosphere 6: article 279. (16 journal pages + supplemental material.) DOI: 10.1890/ES15-00224.1	December 2015
Smith, W.E. and T.J. Kwak. 2014. Otolith microchemistry of tropical diadromous fishes: spatial and migratory dynamics. Journal of Fish Biology 84: 913-928.	March 2014
Smith, W.E. and T.J. Kwak. 2014. A capture-recapture model of amphidromous fish dispersal. Journal of Fish Biology 84: 897-912.	March 2014
Smith, W. E., F. S. Scharf, and J. E. Hightower. 2009. Fishing mortality in North Carolina’s southern flounder fishery: direct estimates of instantaneous fishing mortality from a tag return experiment. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 1:283-299.	October 2009
Smith, J. A., and J. E. Hightower. 2012. Effect of low-head lock and dam structures on migration and spawning of American shad and striped bass in the Cape Fear River, North Carolina. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 141:402-413. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	March 2012	Anadromous fish populations within the Cape Fear River, North Carolina have declined substantially since the late 1800s. Three low-head lock and dam structures contributed to this decline by limiting access to upstream spawning habitat. We used egg sampling and sonic telemetry to examine the effects of the lock and dam structures on migration and spawning activity of American shad Alosa sapidissima and striped bass Morone saxatilis. Egg distribution and stage of development suggest that most American shad spawning took place downstream of the lowermost lock and dam (LD-1). The predicted mean density of stage-1 American shad eggs at a water temperature of 21 °C was 895 per 1,000 m3 (95% credible interval 800-994) below LD-1, 147 (103-197) below the second lock and dam (LD-2) and 32 (17-49) below the uppermost lock and dam (LD-3). The probability of capturing a stage-1 American shad egg was strongly dependent on water temperature and hour of egg collection. Transmitter detections for 20 sonic-tagged American shad and 20 striped bass in 2008 showed that the majority of both species moved upstream of Lock and Dam 1, with 35% of American shad and 25% of striped bass migrating upstream of LD-3. Based on passage rates at the three locks and dams, American shad would be expected to be most abundant downstream of LD-1 and upstream of LD-3. For striped bass, the section of the river between LD-2 and LD-3 had the highest egg collections and highest predicted proportion of the run. In combination, these results demonstrate that the locking program provides some access to historical spawning habitat, although further improvements in fish passage could benefit both species.
Simons, T.R., E. Nol, and R. Boettcher (eds.), American Oystercatcher Working Group. 2012. American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/082 doi:10.2173/bna.82.	June 2012
Simons, T.R., D.S. Lee, and J.C. Haney. 2013. Diablotin Pterodroma hasitata: a biography of the endangered Black-capped Petrel. Marine Ornithology 41(Special Issue): 1-43. \| Abstract	July 2013	The Black-capped Petrel (Pterodroma hasitata) was believed extinct throughout much of the twentieth century. It is the only gadfly petrel currently known to breed in the Caribbean Basin. Now seriously endangered, the species has been extirpated from Martinique, Dominica, and Guadeloupe and breeding populations currently occur only on Hispaniola and perhaps Cuba A related form (now considered a full species) once bred, but is now apparently extinct, on Jamaica. The Black-capped Petrel breeding population may number as few as 500 breeding pairs. Remaining populations suffer from multiple threats to terrestrial and pelagic habitats, harvest by humans, and predation by introduced mammals. The exact sizes, locations, and detailed chronologies of all Black-capped Petrel breeding sites remain poorly-studied, although major colonies are today apparently restricted to steep sea and inland cliffs along the La Selle Ridge in Hispanolia. The largest known breeding population occurs in Haiti, although there is continued discussion about a possible breeding site in Cuba in the Sierra Maestra mountain range. Accounts from Cuba are based on the unverified assumption that birds observed at sea just offshore of that island are breeding locally. All evidence at present indicates that waters in or adjacent to the Florida Current and the Gulf Stream between north Florida and southern Virginia provide the primary foraging range of Black-capped Petrels. A small foraging area just off of SE Cuba has also been reported, but the extent and seasonal use of this area are unknown. Concentrations of birds can be found along the Gulf Stream in southeastern U.S. waters throughout the year, where the birds are particularly common in May, August, and late December through early January. Concentrations of adult birds during winter, when peak breeding activity is underway, suggest that breeding birds forage along the Gulf Stream while commuting to and from breeding colonies. Such long-distance foraging is certainly possible for species of the Genus Pterodroma. Potential threats to Black-capped Petrels include introduced predators, human encroachment on breeding and foraging habitats, and offshore oil, gas, and wind energy development. Increased mercury levels associated with petroleum production also pose a potential threat, as the Black-capped Petrel seems to be highly susceptible to mercury bioaccumulation compared to other pelagic species. In addition, fires and other bright light sources are known to attract Black-capped Petrels, making collisions with wires and other structures on lighted ships and platforms a potential concern. Haitian social-economic instability and increasing habitat loss suggest the likelihood of further population declines and increasing vulnerability of the species to extinction. Our findings are in accord with the recent decision by the USFWS to evaluate the need for additional protection of the species and the primary foraging habitat off of the SE United States under the Endangered Species Act (USFWS 2012). Additional conservation measures and research strategies that warrant further consideration include, (1) protection, monitoring, and management of known breeding populations and nesting habitat in the Dominican Republic and Haiti through predator control, the installation of artificial nest burrows in appropriate sites, and hiring local wardens at breeding sites during the nesting season, (2) local and regional training, education, and public awareness (e.g., Blanchard and Nettleship 1992), and (3) restoration of the original name ‘Diablotin’ for standard usage to promote the historical and cultural importance of this species, (4) studies to determine the distribution and genetic variability in the remaining populations and; (5) studies of satellite-tagged birds to assess their seasonal and geographic use of pelagic habitats.
Simons, T.R. 2107. The American Oystercatcher Working Group - Fifteen years of collaborative focal species research and management. Waterbirds 40 (SI1): 1-9. DOI.org/10.1675/063.040.sp102	March 2017
Simons, T. R., S. A. Shriner, and G. L. Farnsworth. 2006. Comparison of breeding bird and vegetation communities in primary and secondary forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Biological Conservation 129: 302-311.	June 2006
Simons, T. R., S. A. Pearson, and F. R. Moore. 2000. Application of spatial models to the stopover ecology of trans-Gulf migrants. Studies in Avian Biology 20: 4-14.	January 2000
Simons, T. R., M. W. Alldredge, and K. H. Pollock. 2007. Experimental analysis of the auditory detection process on avian point counts. The Auk 124(3): 986-999	June 2007
Simons, T. R., K. H. Pollock, J. M. Wettroth, M. W. Alldredge, K. Pacifici, and J. Brewster. 2009. Sources of measurement error, misclassification error, and bias in auditory avian point count data. Pp. 237-254 in D.L. Thomson et al. (eds.), Modeling Demographic Processes in Marked Populations, Environmental and Ecological Statistics 3, Springer Science and Business Media.	July 2009
Simons, T. R., G. L. Farnsworth, and S. A. Shriner. 2000. Evaluating Great Smoky Mountains National Park as a population source for the Wood Thrush. Conservation Biology 14:1133-1144.	January 2000
Simons, T. R., F. R. Moore, and S. A. Gauthreaux. 2004. Mist netting trans-Gulf migrants at coastal stopover sites: the influence of spatial and temporal variability on capture data. In: The use of mist nets to monitor bird populations, (C. J. Ralph et al. eds. ). Studies in Avian Biology.	November 2004
Simmerman, S., J. Wang, J. Osborne, K. Shook, J. Huang, W. Godsoe and T. Simons. 2012. Exploring Similarities Among Many Species Distributions. Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment 12: (preprint).	July 2012
Shriner, S. A., and T. R. Simons. 2002. Modeling habitat associations of breeding birds in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Chapter 47 In: Predicting Species Occurrences: Issues of Scale and Accuracy. Island Press.	June 2002
Schwarzer, A. C., Jaime A. Collazo, Lawrence J. Niles, Janell M. Brush, Nancy J. Douglass, and H. Franklin Percival. 2012. Annual Survival and Plasma Metabolites of Red Knots (Calidris canutus rufa) wintering in Florida. Auk 129:725-733. \| Download	October 2012
Schulte, S.A. and T.R. Simons. 2016. Hurricane Disturbance Benefits Nesting American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus). Waterbirds 39: 327-337. DOI.org/10.1675/063.039.0402	January 2017
Schmidt, R. E., B. M. Jessop, and J. E. Hightower. 2003. Status of river herring stocks in large rivers. Pages 171-182 in K. E. Limburg and J. R. Waldman, editors. Biodiversity, status, and conservation of the world's shads. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 35, Bethesda, Maryland.	August 2003
Saracco, J. F., and J. A. Collazo. 1999. Predation on artificial nests along three edge types in a North Carolina bottomland hardwood forest. Wilson Bulletin 111:541-549.	November 1999
Saracco, J. F., J. A. Collazo, and M. J. Groom. 2004. How do frugivores track resources? Insights from spatial analyses of birds foraging in a Puerto Rican forest. Oecologia 139:231-245.	May 2004
Saracco, J. F., J. A. Collazo, M. J. Groom, and T. A. Carlo. 2005. Crop Size and Fruit Neighborhood Effects on Bird Visitation to Fruiting Schefflera morototoni Trees in Puerto Rico. Biotropica 37:81-87.	January 2005
Sanders, N.J., R.R. Dunn, M.C. Fitzpatrick, C.E. Carlton, M.R. Pogue, C.R. Parker, and T.R. Simons. 2010. Diverse Elevational Diversity Gradients in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A. Pp. 75 – 87 in E.M Spehn and C. Korner, Data Mining for Global Trends in Mountain Biodiversity. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.	March 2010
Sallabanks, R., J. R. Walters, and J. A. Collazo. 2000. Breeding bird abundance in bottomland hardwood forests: habitat, edge, and patch size effects. Condor 102:748-758.	November 2000
Sackett, D.K., C. Lee Pow, M.J. Rubino, D.D. Aday, W.G. Cope, S. Kullman, J.A. Rice, T.J. Kwak, and M. Law. 2015. Sources of endocrine-disrupting compounds in North Carolina waterways: a geographic information systems approach. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 34: 437-445. DOI: 10.1002/etc.2797	February 2015
SCHULTE, S.A. and T.R. SIMONS. 2015. Factors affecting the reproductive success of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Marine Ornithology. DOI Not Available.	January 2015
Ruzi, S.A., E. Youngsteadt, A. Cherveny, J. Kettenbach, H. K. Levenson, D.S. Carley, J.A. Collazo, and R.E. Irwin. 2023. Bee species richness through time in an urbanizing landscape of the southeastern USA. Global Change Biology.. \| Abstract	December 2023	Compared to non-urban environments, cities host ecological communities with altered taxonomic diversity and functional trait composition. However, we know much less about how these urban changes take shape over time. Using historical bee (Apoidea: Anthophila) museum specimens supplemented with online repositories and researcher collections, we investigated whether bee species richness tracked urban and human population growth over the past 118 years. We also determined which species were no longer collected, and whether those species shared certain traits. Additionally, we looked at collector behavior over time. We focused on Wake County, North Carolina, US where human population size has increased over 16 times along with the urban area within its largest city, Raleigh, which has increased over four times. We estimated bee species richness with occupancy models, and rarefaction and extrapolation curves to account for imperfect detection and sample coverage. To determine if bee traits correlated with when species were collected, we compiled information on native status, nesting habits, diet breadth, and sociality. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling to determine if collectors contributed different bee assemblages over time. In total, there were 328 species collected in Wake County. We found that while bee species richness varied there was no clear trend in bee species richness over time. However, recent collections (since 2003) were missing 195 species and there was a shift in trait composition over time, particularly an increase in above-ground nesters. The top collectors in the dataset differed in how often they collected bee species, but this was not consistent between historic and contemporary time periods as some contemporary collectors grouped closer than others together potentially due to focusing on urban habitats. Use of historic collections and complimentary analyses can fill knowledge gaps to help understand temporal patterns of species richness for taxonomic groups that may not have long-term data.
Rudershausen, P. J., J. E. Tuomikoski, J. A. Buckel, and J. E. Hightower. 2005. Prey selectivity and diet of striped bass in western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134:1059-1074.	September 2005
Rudershausen, P. J., J. A. Buckel, and J. E. Hightower. 2014. Discard mortality of a U.S. South Atlantic reef fish estimated from surface and bottom tagging. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71:514-520. \| Abstract \| Download	December 2013	Discard mortality may contribute to the overall rate of fishing mortality for reef fishes with physoclistous bladders due to barotrauma. We estimated survival rates of discarded black sea bass in various release conditions using tag-recapture data. Fish were captured with traps and hook and line from a narrow depth range (29 - 34 m) off the coast of North Carolina, USA, marked with internal anchor tags, and observed for release condition. We also tagged fish on the bottom using SCUBA; these fish served as a control group for which we assumed survival was similar to fish that were never captured. Survival by release condition was estimated as the ratio of return rate of fish in each compromised condition relative to return rate of the control group. Discard survival for the hook and line and trap fisheries in this region was estimated by applying condition-specific survival rates to fish released in each condition during independent (non-tagging) recreational and commercial fishing operations. Relative to fish tagged on the bottom, the survival rate of surface-released fish in the best condition was 0.94 (95% credible interval 0.72 – 1.32). Adjusted for results from the underwater tagging experiment, fish with evidence of external barotrauma had a median survival rate of 0.98 (0.73 – 1.41); fish with hook trauma had a median survival rate of 0.39 (0.18 – 0.74); and floating/presumably dead fish had a median survival rate of 0.18 (0.09 – 0.33). Applying these condition-specific estimates of survival to non-tagging fishery data, we estimated a discard survival rate of 0.88 (0.66 – 1.25) for 11 hook and line data sets from waters 20 to 35 m deep and 0.93 (0.71 – 1.31) for 10 trap data sets from 11 to 29 m deep. The tag-return approach using a control group with no fishery-associated trauma represents a powerful method to accurately estimate absolute discard survival of physoclistous reef species.
Rose, E.T.,T.R. Simons, R. Klein, and A.J. McKerrow. 2016. Normalized burn ratios link fire severity with patterns of avian occurrence. Landscape Ecology 31: doi:10.1007/s10980-015-0334-x	April 2016
Rose, E.T. and T.R. Simons. 2016. Avian response to fire severity and time since burn in low elevation pine-oak forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 2016. Condor 118: 179-183. DOI: 10.1650/CONDOR-15-85.1	July 2016
Rogers, S. L., J. A. Collazo, and C. A. Drew. 2013. Nest occurrence and survival of King Rails in fire-managed coastal marshes in North Carolina and Virginia. J. Field Ornithology 84:355-366/ \| Abstract	December 2013	Abstract.- A greater understanding of King Rail (Rallus elegans) reproductive ecology in fire-managed marshes has been identified as a means to help alleviate their declining trend in freshwater emergent marshes. Call-broadcast surveys, nest searches and nest surveillance were used to estimate the probability of detecting reproductive activity and nest success at Mackay Island and Back Bay National Wildlife Refuges, North Carolina and Virginia, in 2009 and 2010. The probabilities that a surveyed plot was occupied ( ) and contained an active nest ( ) were higher in recently burned (0-1 years since burn [YSB]) marsh plots than in plots with 2 YSB in both refuges. Highest probabilities were recorded in 0-1 YSB plots at Mackay Island NWR ( = 0.96 0.04, = 0.75 0.18), and the lowest, in 2 YSB plots at Back Bay NWR ( = 0.21 0.10, = 0.03 0.04). Period nest survival from egg laying to hatching (31 days) was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.06 - 0.83), with an estimated 0.84 (95% CI = 0.60 – 1.0) for the incubation stage (21 days). While the linkage between occupancy and reproductive activity in 0-1 YSB marsh plots was established, low sample sizes precluded linking fire management and nest survival. Findings suggested that fire management creates habitat that holds potential for population growth. Studies focusing on the implications of prescribed burns for fitness should be conducted across multiple sites to capture variation in King Rail responses across its geographic range.
Rogers, S. L., J. A. Collazo, and C. A. Drew. 2013. King Rail Occupancy and Abundance in Fire Managed Coastal Marshes in North Carolina and Virginia. Waterbirds 36:179-188.	June 2013
Rivera-Milan, F. F., J. A. Collazo, C. Stahala, W. J. Moore, A. Davis, G. Herring, R. Pagliaro, J. L. Thompson, and W. Bracey. In Press. Estimation of density and population size and recommendations for monitoring trends of Bahama parrots on Great Abaco and Great Inagua. The Wildlife Society Bulletin 33(3).	August 2006
Rivera-Burgos, A. C., J. A. Collazo, A. J. Terando, and K. Pacifici. 2021. Linking demographic rates to local environmental conditions in support of Climate Adaptation Strategies for Eleutherodactylus frogs. Global Ecology and Conservation 28 (2021) e01624. \| Abstract	May 2021	Conducting managed species translocations and establishing climate change refugia are adaptation strategies to cope with projected consequences of global warming, but successful implementation requires on-the-ground validation of demographic responses to transient climate conditions. Here we estimated the effect of nine abiotic and biotic factors on local occupancy and an index of abundance (few or chorus) for four amphibian species (<i>Eleutherodactylus wightmanae</i>, <i>E. brittoni</i>, <i>E. antillensis,</i> and <i>E. coqui</i>) in Puerto Rico, USA. We also assessed how the same factors influenced reproductive activity of <i>E. coqui</i> and how species responded to hurricane María (20 September 2017). As predicted, occupancy and abundance of <i>E. wightmanae</i>, <i>E. brittoni</i> and <i>E. coqui</i> were positively and strongly influenced by abiotic covariates (e.g., relative humidity) that characterize high elevation, mesic habitats. <i>E. antillensis</i> exhibited the opposite pattern, with highest probabilities (≥0.6) recorded at ≤300 m and with average relative humidity <75%. Biotic covariates (e.g., canopy cover) had a weak influence on both parameters, regardless of species. High probabilities (≥0.9) of detecting an <i>E. coqui</i> chorus and active nests occurred at sites experiencing average relative humidity of >80% and temperature of ≤26° C. Moderate to high probabilities of detecting a chorus (0.4 - 0.7) were recorded at sites with average temperatures >26°C, but no reproductive activity was detected, implying that monitoring abundance alone could misrepresent the capacity of a local population to sustain itself. The possibility underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between local demographic and environmental parameters in the advent of global warming to help guide monitoring and management decisions, especially for high elevation specialists. Hurricanes can inflict marked reductions in population numbers, but impacts vary by location and species. We found that the abundance (chorus) of <i>E. antillensis</i> and <i>E. brittoni</i> increased after the hurricane, but the abundance of the other two species did not differ between years. Lack of impacts was probably mediated by low structural damage to forest tracts (e.g., 9% canopy loss). Our findings help assess habitat suitability in terms of parameters that foster local population growth, which provides a basis for testing spatio-temporal predictions about demographic rates in potential climate refugia and for designing criteria to help guide managed translocations.
Rivera, S.J., K.M. Alpi, J. A. Collazo, M. K. Stoskopf. 2022. Statistical Methods Used In Research Concerning Endangered and Threatened Animal Species of Puerto Rico: A Meta-study. Caribbean Journal of Science. \| Abstract	January 2022	A concern about statistics in wildlife studies, particularly of endangered and threatened species, is whether the data collected meet the assumptions necessary for the use of parametric statistics. This study identified published papers on the nine endangered and six threatened species found only on Puerto Rico using 5 different databases. The results from the database Zoological Record identified the most articles, including all identified by the other databases. Of the 220 articles identified, 113 included some form of statistics, 28 used only descriptive statistics, 42 included parametric statistics, 24 used only nonparametric statistics, and 19 reported both parametric and nonparametric statistical analyses. This meta-study showed that the percentage of articles with no statistical treatment decreased in the most recent 20 years and that although parametric statistics continue to be most commonly used in published wildlife studies of Puerto Rican wildlife, there has been a distinct increase in the use of nonparametric statistics over time.
Rivera, D., JP Zegarra, CE Figuerola-Hernández, JL Herrera-Giraldo, N Arocho-Hernández, NJ Hostetter, J Collazo, RC Bell. 2023. Contemporary record and photographs of the rarely seen and poorly known Mona Blind Snake, Antillotyphlops monensis (Serpentes: Typhlopidae), with comments on ecology and conservation. Herpetology Notes 16:915-918. \| Abstract	November 2023	NA
Rivera, D., JP Zegarra, AR Puente-Rolon, N Arocho-Hernández, NJ Hostetter, JA Collazo, RC Bell. 2024. Multiple Records of the Introduced Parthenogenetic Smooth-scaled Tegulet (Gymnophthalmus underwoodi Grant 1958) in Puerto Rico. Reptiles & Amphibians 31:e21466–e21466. doi.org/10.17161/randa.v31i1.21466. \| Abstract	March 2024	NA
Rivera, D, JB Henderson, AW Lam, NJ Hostetter, JA Collazo, RC Bell. 2024. High-quality, chromosome-level reference genomes of the viviparous Caribbean skinks Spondylurus nitidus and S. culebrae. Genome Biology and Evolution evae079. doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evae079.	April 2024
Riddle, J.D., R.S. Mordecai, K.H. Pollock, and T.R. Simons. 2010. Effects of prior detections on estimates of detection probability, abundance, and occupancy. The Auk 127: 1-6.	July 2010
Riddle, J.D., J.H. Pollock, and T.R Simons. 2010. An unreconciled double-observer method for estimating detection probability and abundance. The Auk 127(4):841-849.	October 2010
Ricks, B. R., J. E. Hightower, and A. M. Wicker. 2004. Preliminary Assessment of an Alaska Steeppass Fishway on a North Carolina Blackwater Creek. Proceedings of the Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 58:92-99.	October 2004
Rice, S. M., J. A. Collazo, B. A. Harrington and A. R. Lewis. 2007. Local Annual Survival and Seasonal Residency Rates of Semipalmated and Western Sandpipers in Puerto Rico. Auk 124:1397-1406.	November 2007
Regehr EV, MC Runge, A Von Duyke, RR Wilson, L Polasek, KD Rode, NJ Hostetter, and SJ Converse. 2021. Demographic risk assessment for a harvested species threatened by climate change: polar bears in the Chukchi Sea. Ecological Applications: e02461.	September 2021
Radwell A. J., and T. J. Kwak. 2005. Assessing ecological integrity of Ozark rivers to determine suitability for protective status. Environmental Management 35: 799-810.	June 2005
Raabe, J. K., and J. E. Hightower. 2014. American shad migratory behavior, weight loss, survival, and abundance in a North Carolina river following dam removals. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 143:673-688. \| Abstract \| Download	April 2014	Despite extensive management and research, American shad Alosa sapidissima populations have experienced prolonged population declines, and uncertainty about underlying mechanisms remains. In the springs of 2007 through 2010, we used a resistance board weir and passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology to capture, tag, and track American shad in the Little River, North Carolina, a tributary to the Neuse River with complete and partial low-head dam removals. Our objectives were to examine potential demographic differences in timing and habitat use and to estimate season weight loss, survival, and abundance. Males typically immigrated earlier than females, but otherwise exhibited relatively similar migratory patterns. Weight loss displayed a positive relationship with cumulative temperature during residence. Emigrating males lost 30% or less of their initial weight compared to 50% or less for females, indicating potential survival thresholds. Spawning season survival was low as estimates ranged from 0.07 to 0.17; no distinct factors (e.g., sex, size, migrations) contributing to survival were documented. Sampled and estimated American shad abundance increased from 2007 through 2009, but was lower in 2010. This new American shad spawning information may further aid restoration efforts.
Raabe, J. K., B. Gardner, and J. E. Hightower. 2014. A spatial capture-recapture model to estimate fish survival and migration patterns from linear continuous monitoring arrays. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71:120-130. \| Download	September 2013
R.P. Clay, A.J. Lesterhuis, S. Schulte, S. Brown, D. Reynolds, and T.R. Simons. 2014. A global assessment of the conservation status of the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus). Special Issue, International Wader Study Bulletin 20:62-82.	August 2014
R. Sollman, B. Gardner. A.W. Parsons, J.J. Stocking, B.T. McClintock, T.R. Simons, K.H. Pollock, and A.F. O'Connell. 2013. A spatial mark-resight model augmented with telemetry data. Ecology 94: 553-559.	April 2013
Quinn, J.W. and T.J. Kwak. 2011. Movement and survival of brown trout and rainbow trout in an Ozark tailwater river. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 31: 299-304.	April 2011
Quinn, J. W., and T. J. Kwak. 2003. Fish assemblage changes in an Ozark river after impoundment: a long-term perspective. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132: 110-119.	January 2003
Quinn, J. W., and T. J. Kwak. 2000. Use of rehabilitated habitat by brown trout and rainbow trout in an Ozark tailwater river. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 20: 737-751.	January 2000
Prado, S. G., J. A. Collazo, M. H. Marand, R. E. Irwin. 2021. The influence of floral resources and microclimate on pollinator visitation in an agro-ecosystem. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 307 (2021) 107196. \| Abstract	January 2021	As agriculture expands to meet the needs of a growing global population, natural ecosystems are threatened by deforestation and habitat fragmentation. Tropical agroforestry systems offer a sustainable alternative to traditional agriculture by providing food for production while also supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services. Previous studies have shown that these systems may even improve crop pollination, but the mechanisms of how these improvements occur are still poorly understood. Using coffee as a focal crop, we explored how microclimatic conditions affected nectar traits (sugar and caffeine concentration) important for pollinator visitation. We also studied how microclimate, floral traits, floral availability at the coffee plant level, availability of floral resources provided by other plant species in the agroecosystem (“neighborhood floral availability”), and the presence of other bees affected the amount of time bees spent foraging on coffee flowers and the proportion of coffee pollen carried on their bodies. We explored these factors using the two dominant coffee species farmed on Puerto Rico, <i>Coffea canephora</i> and <i>C. arabica</i>, under sun and shade management.<i> </i>We found that high nectar sugar concentration and temperature were important predictors of short floral visits (<15 seconds), while increased numbers of bees and open coffee flowers were important predictors of longer floral visits (16-180 seconds). High nectar caffeine concentration was an important predictor of longer visits on <i>C. arabica </i>flowers while the opposite was observed for <i>C. canephora </i>flowers. For both species, high coffee floral availability was the main predicting factor for the proportion of coffee pollen on the bees’ bodies. Surprisingly, neither neighborhood floral availability nor the type of coffee plantation (agroforest/shade or sun) were important predictors of bee visitation. These results suggest non-coffee flowering plants in coffee plantations were neither competitors nor facilitators of coffee plants for pollinators. Additionally, most of the bees surveyed were carrying ≥80% pollen from one species (<i>C. arabica </i>or <i>C. canephora</i>), likely resulting in little heterospecific pollen deposition between <i>Coffea</i> and non-<i>Coffea</i> flowers. Shade trees in coffee plantations do not detract from pollinator visitation to coffee flowers, suggesting that the provision of multiple ecological and wildlife conservation benefits by shade trees is not in conflict with a grower’s ability to maximize the benefits of insect pollination on fruit production.
Prado, S. G., H. T. Ngo, J. A. Florez, and J. A. Collazo. 2017. Sampling bees in tropical forests and agroecosystems: A review. J. of Insect Conservation DOI 10.1007/s10841-017-0018-8.	April 2017
Porath, M.T., T.J. Kwak, B.C. Neely, and D.E. Shoup. 2021. Catfish 2020, A clear vision of the future. Invited, special issue on Catfish Conservation and Management. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 41(Special Issue 1): S1-S10. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10688	October 2021
Popp, A., W.G. Cope, M.A. McGregor, T.J. Kwak, T. Augspurger, F.J. Levine, and L. Koch. 2018. A comparison of the chemical sensitivities between in vitro and in vivo propagated juvenile freshwater mussels: implications for standard toxicity testing. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37: 3077-3085. DOI: 10.1002/etc.4270.	November 2018
Pollock, K. H., J. D. Nichols, T. R. Simons, G. L. Farnsworth, L. L. Bailey, and J. R. Sauer. 2002. The design of large scale wildlife monitoring studies. Envirometrics 13: 1-15.	April 2002
Pollock, K. H., H. Jiang, and J. E. Hightower. 2004. Combining telemetry and fisheries tagging models to estimate fishing and natural mortality rates. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 133:639-648.	May 2004
Pollock, K. H., H. H. Marsh, L. L. Bailey, G. L. Farnsworth, T. R. Simons, and M. W. Alldredge. 2004. Methodology for separating components of detection probability in population abundance estimation: An overview with diverse examples. In: Sampling rare or elusive species: Concepts, designs, and techniques for estimating population parameters. William Thompson (ed. ). Island Press.	July 2005
Podolsky, A., T. R. Simons, and J. A. Collazo. 2004. A Method of food supplementation for ground-foraging insectivorous birds. Journal of Field Ornithology 75:296-302.	June 2004
Podolsky, A. L., T. R. Simons, and J. A. Collazo. 2007. Modeling population growth of the Ovenbird in the southern Appalachians. The Auk 124: 1359-1372.	November 2007
Pledger, S., M. Efford, K. Pollock, J. Collazo and J. Lyons. 2009. Stopover duration analysis with departure probability dependent on unknown time since arrival. Pages 349-364 In Modeling Demographic Processes in Marked Populations, D. L. Thompson, E. G. Cooch, and M. J. Conroy (eds). Environmental and Ecological Statistics Series: Volume 3. Springer, NY.	January 2009
Pine, W. E., K. H. Pollock, J. E. Hightower, T. J. Kwak, and J. A. Rice. 2003. A review of tagging methods for estimating fish population size and components of mortality. Fisheries 28(10): 10-23.	October 2003
Pine, W. E., J. E. Hightower, L. G. Coggins, M. V. Lauretta, and K. H. Pollock. 2012. Design and analysis of tagging studies. Pages 521-572 in A. V. Zale, D. L. Parrish, and T. M. Sutton, editors. Fisheries techniques, 3rd edition. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.	January 2013
Pine, W. E, III, T. J. Kwak, and J. A. Rice. 2007. Modeling management scenarios and the effects of an introduced apex predator on a coastal riverine fish community. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136: 105-120.	January 2007
Pine, W. E, III, T. J. Kwak, D. S. Waters, and J. A. Rice. 2005. Diet selectivity of introduced flathead catfish in coastal rivers. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134: 901-909.	July 2005
Pickens, B. P., R. S. Mordecai, C. A. Drew, L. B. Alexander-Vaughn, A. S. Keister, H. L.C. Morris, J. A. Collazo. 2017. Indicator-driven Conservation Planning across Terrestrial, Freshwater Aquatic, and Marine Ecosystems of the South Atlantic, USA. J. Fish and Wildlife Management 8:219-233. doi:10.3996/062016-JFWM-044.	January 2017
Pickens, B. A., J. F. Marcus, J. P. Carpenter, S. Anderson, P. J. Taillie, and J. A. Collazo. 2017. The Effect of Urban Growth on Landscape Restoration of a Fire-dependent Bird. J. Environ. Management 191:105:115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.005	January 2017
Peterson, J. T., and T. J. Kwak. 1999. Modeling the effects of land use and climate change on riverine smallmouth bass. Ecological Applications 9: 1391-1404.	November 1999
Penland, T.N., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, M.J. Strynar, C.A. Grieshaber, R.J. Heise, and F.W. Sessions. 2020. Trophodynamics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the food web of a large Atlantic Slope river. Environmental Science and Technology 54: 6800-6811. DOI:10.1021/acs.est.9b05007	June 2020
Penland, T.N., C.A. Grieshaber, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, and F.W. Sessions. 2018. Food web contaminant dynamics of a large Atlantic Slope river: implications for common and imperiled species. Science of the Total Environment 633: 1062-1077. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.251 0048-9697	June 2018
Pender, D. R., and T. J. Kwak. 2002. Factors influencing brown trout reproductive success in Ozark tailwater rivers. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 131:698-717.	July 2002
Pease, B., K. Pacifici, and J. A. Collazo. 2021. Survey design optimization for monitoring wildlife communities in areas managed for federally endangered species. Animal Conservation 24:756–769.	March 2021
Pearson, S. M., and T. R. Simons. 2002. Spatial analysis of stopover habitats of Neotropical migratory birds. Chapter 52 In: Predicting Species Occurrences: Issues of Scale and Accuracy. Island Press.	June 2002
Patton, P. T., K. Pacifici, and Jaime A. Collazo. 2022. Modeling and Estimating Co-occurrence between generalist brood parasites and host communities. Biological Invasions.	March 2022
Parsons, A.W., T.R. Simons, A.F. O'Connell, and M.K. Stoskopf. 2013. Demographics, diet, movements, and survival of an isolated, unmanaged raccoon Procyon lotor (Procyonidea, Carnivora) population on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Mammalia 77:21-30.	January 2013
Parsons, A.W., T.R. Simons, A.F. O'Connell, K. Pollock, M.K. Stoskopf, and J.J. Stocking. 2015. Camera Traps and Mark-Resight Models: The Value of Ancillary Data for Evaluating Assumptions. Journal of Wildlife Management 79: 1163-1172. DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.931	August 2015
Parks, M. A., J. A. Collazo, and K. R. Ramos Álvarez. 2016. Factors affecting Wetland Connectivity for Wintering Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) in the Caribbean. Waterbirds 39:250:259. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.039.0304	October 2016
Parks, M. A, J. A. Collazo, J. A. Colón, K. R. Ramos Álvarez, and O. Díaz. Numbers and Species Composition of Resident and Migratory Shorebirds at the Cabo Rojo Salt Flats, Puerto Rico (1985-2014). Waterbirds 39:209-214. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.039.0213	April 2016
Pandolfo, T.J., T.J. Kwak, and W.G. Cope. 2016. Microhabitat suitability and niche breadth of common and imperiled Atlantic Slope freshwater mussels. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 19: 27-50.	October 2016
Pandolfo, T.J., T.J. Kwak, and W.G. Cope. 2012. Thermal tolerances of freshwater mussels and their host fishes: species interactions in a changing climate. Walkerana: the Journal of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society 15: 69-82.	April 2012
Pandolfo, T.J., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, R.B. Nichols, and K. Pacifici. 2017. Declining occurrence and low colonization probability in freshwater mussel assemblages: a dynamic occurrence modeling approach. Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation 20: 13-19.	April 2017
Pandolfo, T.J., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, R.B. Nichols, and K. Pacifici. 2016. Species traits and catchment-scale habitat factors influence the occurrence of freshwater mussel populations and assemblages. Freshwater Biology 61: 1671-1684. DOI:10.1111/fwb.12807	September 2016
Pacifici, K., T. R. Simons, and K. H. Pollock. 2008. Effects of vegetation and background noise on the detection process in auditory avian point count surveys. The Auk 125:600-607.	August 2008
Pacifici, K., E. F. Zipkin, J. A. Collazo, J. I. Irizarry, and A. DeWan. 2014. Guidelines for a priori grouping of species in hierarchical community models. Submitted to Ecology and Evolution.	January 2014
Pacifici, K., B. J. Reich, D. A.W. Miller, B. Gardner, G. Stauffer, S. Singh, A. McKerrow, and J. A. Collazo. 2017. INTEGRATING MULTIPLE DATA SOURCES IN SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELING: A FRAMEWORK FOR DATA FUSION. Ecology 98:840-850. doi: 10.1002/ecy.1710.	January 2017
Pacifici, J. K., L. S. Mills, and J. A. Collazo. 2018. Interactions of Human-Caused Mortality, Genetic Introgression, and Management among Wild Red Wolves: Developing Scientific Consensus. Final Report Submitted to USFWS, Atlanta GA. 65pp.	January 2018
Obernuefemann, Kelsey P., J. A. Collazo, and J. E. Lyons. 2013. Local Movements and Wetland Connectivity at a Migratory Stopover of Semipalmated Sandpipers in Southeastern United States. Waterbirds 36:63-76.	March 2013
Oakley, N. C., and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Status of shortnose sturgeon in the Neuse River, North Carolina. Pages 273-284 in J. Munro D. Hatin, J. E. Hightower, K. McKown, K. J. Sulak, A. W. Kahnle, and F. Caron, editors. Anadromous sturgeons: habitats, threats, and management. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 56, Bethesda, Maryland.	May 2007
Nelson, T. C., P. Doukakis, S. T. Lindley, A. D. Schreier, J. E. Hightower, L.R. Hildebrand, R.E. Whitlock, M.A.H. Webb. 2013. Research Tools to Investigate Movements, Migrations, and Life History of Sturgeons (Acipenseridae), with an Emphasis on Marine-Oriented Populations. PLoS ONE 8(8): e71552. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071552. \| Abstract \| Download	August 2013	Worldwide, sturgeons (Acipenseridae) are among the most endangered fishes due to habitat degradation, overfishing, and inherent life history characteristics (long life span, late maturation, and infrequent spawning). As most sturgeons are anadromous, a considerable portion of their life history occurs in estuarine and marine environments where they may encounter unique threats (e.g., interception in non-target fisheries). Of the 16 marine-oriented species, 12 are designated as Critically Endangered by the IUCN, and these include species commercially harvested. We review important research tools and techniques (tagging, electronic tagging, genetics, microchemistry, observatory), and discuss the comparative utility of these techniques to investigate movements, migrations, and life-history characteristics of sturgeons. Examples are provided regarding what the applications have revealed regarding movement and migration, and how this information can be used for conservation and management. Through studies that include Gulf (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) and Green Sturgeon (A. medirostris), we illustrate what is known about well-studied species and then explore lesser-studied species. A more complete picture of migration is available for North American sturgeon species, while European and Asian species, which are among the most endangered sturgeons, are less understood. We put forth recommendations that encourage the support of stewardship initiatives to build awareness and provide key information for population assessment and monitoring.
Neal, J.W., C.G. Lilyestrom, and T.J. Kwak. 2009. Factors influencing tropical island freshwater resources: species, status, and management implications in Puerto Rico. Fisheries 34(11): 546-554.	November 2009
Myers, B.E., Lynch, A.J., Bunnell, D.B., Chu, C., Falke, J.A., Kovach, R.P., Krabbenhoft, T.J., Kwak, T.J., and C.P. Paukert. 2017. Global synthesis of the projected and documented effects of climate change on inland fishes. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 27:339–361.DOI 10.1007/s11160-017-9476-z	June 2017
Mosher, S., W.G. Cope, F.X. Weber, T.J. Kwak, and D. Shea. 2012. Assessing accumulation and sublethal effects of lead in a unionid mussel. Walkerana: the Journal of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society 15: 60-68.	April 2012
Mosher, S, W.G. Cope, F.X. Weber, D. Shea, and T.J. Kwak. 2012. Effects of lead on Na+,K+-ATPase and hemolymph ion concentrations in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Environmental Toxicology 27: 268-276.	April 2012
Moore, F. R., M. S. Woodrey, J. J. Buler, S. Woltmann, and T. R. Simons. 2005. Understanding the stopover of migratory birds: a scale dependent approach. USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-191: 684-689.	June 2005
Monroe, K. E., J. A. Collazo, K. Pacifici, B. J. Reich, A. R. Puente-Rolón, and A. J. Terando. 2017. Occupancy and index of abundance of Eleutherodactylus wightmanae and E. brittoni along elevational gradients in west-central Puerto Rico. Caribbean Naturalist 40:1-18. ( ISSN 2326-7119 [online]).	April 2017
Monroe, K. E, J. A. Collazo, K. Pacifici, B. J. Reich, A. R. Puente-Rolón, and A. J. Terando. 2017. Occupancy and abundance of Eleutherodactylus Frogs in Coffee Plantations in Puerto Rico. Herpetologica 73:297-306. https://doi.org/10.1655/Herpetologica-D-16-00089.	December 2017
Miller, D.A.W., L.L. Bailey, E.H. Campbell Grant, B.T. McClintock, L.A. Weir, and T.R. Simons. Performance of occupancy estimators when basic assumptions are not met: a test with field data where truth is known. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 6: 557-565. DOI: 10.1111/2041-210X.12342	July 2015
Miller, D.A.W., L.A. Weir, B.T. McClintock, E.H. Grant, L.L. Bailey, and T.R. Simons. 2012. Experimental investigation of false positive errors in auditory species occurrence surveys. Ecological Applications 22: (preprint).	July 2012
Midway, S.R., T.J. Kwak, and D.D. Aday. 2010. Habitat suitability of the Carolina madtom, an imperiled, endemic stream fish. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 139: 325-338.	January 2010
Midway, S.R., D.D. Aday, T.J. Kwak, and K. Gross. 2010. Cover preference of the Carolina madtom (Noturus furiosus), an imperiled, endemic southeastern stream fish. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 25: 151-154.	January 2010
McGowan, C. P., and T. R. Simons. 2006. Effects of human disturbance on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers. Wilson Bulletin 118: 485-493.	December 2006
McGowan, C. P., and T. R. Simons. 2005. A method for trapping breeding adult American Oystercatchers. Journal of Field Ornithology 76(1):46-49.	May 2005
McGowan, C. P., T. R. Simons, W. Golder, and J. Cordes. 2005 A comparison of American Oystercatcher reproductive success on barrier beach and river island habitats in coastal North Carolina. Waterbirds 28(2): 150-155.	July 2005
McGowan, C. P., S. A. Schulte, and T. R. Simons. 2005. Resightings of marked American Oystercatchers banded as chicks. Wilson Bulletin 117: 382-385.	June 2005
McClintock, B.T., L.L. Bailey, K.H. Pollock and T.R. Simons. 2010. Unmodeled observation error induces bias when inferring patterns and dynamics of species occurrence via aural detections. Ecology 91(8): 2446-2454.	August 2010
McClintock, B.T., L.L. Bailey, K.H. Pollock and T.R. Simons. 2010. Experimental Investigation of Observation Error in Anuran Call Surves. Journal of Wildlife Management 74(8): 1882-1893.	November 2010
McClintock BT, B Abrahms, RB Chandler, PB Conn, SJ Converse, RL Emmet, B Gardner, NJ Hostetter, and DS Johnson. 2022. An integrated path for spatial capture-recapture and animal movement modeling. Ecology 103:e3473.	October 2022
Matechou, E., G. Nicholls, B. J. T. Morgan, J. A. Collazo, and James E. Lyons. 2016. Bayesian analysis of Jolly-Seber type models: Incorporating heterogeneity in arrival and departure. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 23:531-547. DOI 10.1007/s10651-016-0352-0	July 2016
Matechou, E., B.J.T. Morgan, S. Pledger, J.A. Collazo, and J. E. Lyons. 2013. Integrated Analysis of Capture-Recapture-Resighting Data and Counts of Unmarked Birds at Stop-over Sites. J. Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 18:120-135.	January 2013
Martin, Julien, A.F. O’Connell Jr., W. L. Kendall, M.C. Runge , T.R. Simons, A.H. Waldstein, S.A. Schulte, S.J. Converse, G.W. Smith, T. Pinion, M. Rikard, E.F. Zipkin. 2010. Optimal control of native predators. Biological Conservation 143: 1751-1758.	June 2010
Lyons, J. E., J. A. Collazo, and G. Herring. 2015. Testing Assumptions for Conservation of Migratory Shorebirds and Coastal Managed Wetlands. Wetlands Ecology and Management 23:1-16. DOI 10.1007/s11273-015-9477-4	December 2015
Lyons, J. E., J. A. Collazo and C. G. Guglielmo. 2008. Plasma metabolites and migration physiology of Semipalmated Sandpipers: refueling performance at five latitudes. Oecologia 155:417-427.	January 2008
Lynch, A. J., and 10 coauthors. 2016. Climate change effects on North American inland fish populations, assemblages, and aquatic communities. Fisheries 346-361. DOI: 10.1080/03632415.2016.1186016	July 2016
Lombard, C. D., J. A. Collazo, and Douglas B. McNair. 2010. Nest and chick survival and colony dynamics of Least Terns in the US Virgin Islands. Condor 112:56–64.	April 2010
Lichstein, J. W., T. R. Simons, and K. E. Franzreb. 2002. Landscape effects on breeding songbird abundance in managed forests. Ecological Applications. 12(3): 836-857.	June 2002
Lichstein, J. W., T. R. Simons, S. A Shriner, and K. E. Franzreb. 2002. Spatial autocorrelation and autoregressive models in ecology. Ecological Monographs. 72 (3):445-463	August 2002
Lee Pow, C.S.D., K. Tilahun, K. Creech, J.M. Law, W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, J.A. Rice, D.D. Aday, and S.W. Kullman. 2017. Windows of susceptibility and consequences of early life exposures to 17β–estradiol on medaka (Oryzias latipes) reproductive success. Environmental Science and Technology 51: 5296-5305. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01568	June 2017
Lee Pow, C., J.M. Law, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, J.A. Rice, S.W. Kullman, D.D. Aday. 2017. Endocrine active contaminants in aquatic systems and intersex in common sport fishes. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36: 959-968. DOI: 10.1002/etc.3607	April 2017
Laney, R. W., J. E. Hightower, B. R. Versak, M. F. Mangold, W. W. Cole, Jr., and S. E. Winslow. 2007. Distribution, habitat use, and size f Atlantic sturgeon captured during cooperative winter tagging cruises. Pages 167-182 in J. Munro, D. Hatin, J. E. Hightower, K. McKown, K. J. Sulak, A. W. Kahnle, and F. Caron, editors. Anadromous sturgeons: habitats, threats, and management. American Fisheries Society Symposium 56, Bethesda, Maryland.	May 2007
Laber, E. B., N. J. Meyer, B. J. Reich, K. Pacifici, J. A. Collazo, and J. Drake. 2018. On-line estimation of an optimal treatment allocation strategy for the control of white-nose syndrome in bats. The Royal Statistical Society Series C. Appl. Statist.:67, Part 4, pp. 743–789.	January 2018
L. M. Yirka1, J. A. Collazo2, B. J. O’Shea3, J. A. Gerwin, J. A. Rotenberg, and D. T. Cobb. 2018. Demographic Rates of Two Populations of Southeastern Painted Buntings, 2007-2015. The Condor 120:319-329. DOI: 10.1650/CONDOR-17-74.1	January 2018
Kwak, T.J., W.E. Smith, E.N. Buttermore, P.B. Cooney, and W.G. Cope. 2013. Fishery population and habitat assessment in Puerto Rico streams: phase 2 final report. Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-50 Final Report, Submitted to Marine Resources Division, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, San Juan.	March 2013
Kwak, T.J., M.T. Porath, P.H. Michaletz, and V.H. Travnichek. 2011. Catfish science: status and trends in the 21st century. Pages 755-780 in P.H. Michaletz and V.H. Travnichek, editors. Conservation, ecology, and management of catfish: the second international symposium. American Fisheries Society Symposium 77, Bethesda, Maryland.	September 2011
Kwak, T.J., A.C. Engman, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2019. Ecology and conservation of the American eel in the Caribbean region. Invited manuscript in a special journal issue on Research, Management and Conservation of Anguillid Eels. Fisheries Management and Ecology 26: 42-52. DOI: 10.1111/fme.12300	February 2019
Kwak, T.J., A.C. Engman, J.R. Fischer, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2016. Drivers of Caribbean freshwater ecosystems and fisheries. Pages 219-232 in W.W. Taylor, D.M. Bartley, C.I. Goddard, N.J. Leonard, and R. Welcomme, editors. Freshwater, fish and the future: proceedings of the global cross-sectoral conference. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome; Michigan State University, East Lansing; and American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.	June 2016
Kwak, T.J. and M.T. Porath, editors. 2021. Catfish 2021, Communicating Catfish Science: Proceedings of the Third International Catfish Symposium. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 41: Special Issue 1, 439 pages. * Open access at https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15488675/2021/41/S1.	October 2021
Kwak, T.J. and M.C. Freeman. 2010. Assessment and management of ecological integrity. Pages 353-394 in W.A. Hubert and M.C. Quist, editors. Inland fisheries management in North America, third edition. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.	October 2010
Kwak, T.J. W.G. Cope, J.D. Bales, T.J. Newton, J.A. Daraio, T.J. Pandolfo, J.M. Archambault, A.M. Ganser, R.J. Heise, and B.N. Karns. 2013. Modeling the response of imperiled freshwater mussels to anthropogenically induced changes in water temperature, habitat, and flow in streams of the southeastern and central United States. Final Report to U.S. Geological Survey, National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, Reston, Virginia.	August 2013
Kwak, T.J. 2020. Being led and leading in science and life: an Index of Mentor Quality. Pages 333-338 in W.W. Taylor, A.K. Carlson, A. Bennett, and C.P. Ferreri, editors. Lessons in leadership: integrating courage, vision, and innovation for the future of sustainable fisheries. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.	November 2020
Kwak, T.J. 2012. Fisheries indicators, freshwater. Pages 130-135 in D. Fogel, S. Fredericks, L. Harrington, and I. Spellerberg, editors. Measurements, indicators, and research methods for sustainability. Encyclopedia of sustainability, volume 6. Berkshire Publishing, Great Barrington, Massachusetts.	April 2012
Kwak, T. J., and J. T. Peterson. 2007. Community indices, parameters, and comparisons. Pages in 677-763 in C. S. Guy and M. L. Brown, editors. Analysis and interpretation of freshwater fisheries data. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.	September 2007
Kwak, T. J., and F. J. Margraf. 2006. Fisheries employment in Cooperative Research Units: where agency meets academia. Pages 109-121 in D. A. Hewitt, W. E. Pine III, and A. V. Zale, editors. The American Fisheries Society guide to fisheries employment, second edition. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.	September 2006
Kwak, T. J., W. E. Pine, III, and D. S. Waters. 2006. Age, growth, and mortality of introduced flathead catfish in Atlantic rivers and a review of other populations. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 26: 73-87.	January 2006
Kwak T.j. and A. Ramirez. 2019. Caribbean fish love catastrophic hurricanes. The Conversation (https://theconversation.com/caribbean-fish-love-catastrophic-hurricanes-120801).	September 2019
Krabbenhoft, T., Myers, B., Wong, J., Chu, C., Tingley, R., Falke, J., Kwak, T., Paukert, C., and A. Lynch. 2020. Fish and Climate Change (FiCli) Database: Informing management actions for responding to climate change effects in fishes. Scientific Data. 7:124. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0465-z.	April 2020
Kornegay, M. Edye, A. N. M. Wiewel, J. A. Collazo, J. F. Saracco, and S. J. Dinsmore. 2018. Improving our understanding of demographic monitoring: avian breeding productivity in a tropical dry forest. Journal of Field Ornithology 89:258-275. DOI: 10.1111/jofo.12263	September 2018
Keller, R.A, D. B. Buchwalter, L. Xie, K. E. Franzreb, and T. R. Simons. 2014. Mercury bioaccumulation in southern Appalachian avifauna. Ecotoxicology 23: 304-316.	January 2014
Kathryn E. Battle, Krishna Pacifici, Jaime Collazo, and Brian Reich. 2020. Using biodiversity metrics to guide conservation planning in altered tropical landscapes. Caribbean Naturalist 77:1-17. ISSN 2326-7119. \| Abstract	July 2020	Biodiversity metrics are frequently used to guide conservation planning because they can summarize biogeographical attributes of plant and animal communities quickly and at multiple scales. Attributes include habitat features of high conservation value, representativeness and redundancy of biological communities. We conducted a rapid ecological assessment of resident avian species in the west-central mountainous region of Puerto Rico in 2015, a landscape dominated by coffee cultivation. We focused on this landscape because shade and shade-restored coffee plantations offer an opportunity to complement protected habitat (e.g., reserves) to enhance species persistence. We used species richness, which tallies the number of unique species, and a quadratic entropy index of diversity, which incorporates interspecific taxonomic differentiation to evaluate species representativeness and redundancy across sun and shade coffee plantations and secondary forest. We surveyed 120 sites, calculating both metrics using species-specific occupancy probabilities estimated from community-level occupancy models. Species representativeness and redundancy was high as neither metric was able to discriminate among habitat classes, possibly because plant communities were redundant and the avian community was dominated by species adept at exploiting altered habitats. Similarly, we could not discriminate among avian communities modeling each biodiversity metric as a function of site-specific habitat covariates. Our findings and available knowledge on avian community demographics suggest that conservation strategies could couple protected habitat (e.g., reserves) and restored habitat (e.g., coffee plantations) to enhance species diversity and persistence across human-modified landscapes.
Johnson, T.K.B., C.E. LePrevost, T.J. Kwak, and W.G. Cope. 2018. Selenium, mercury, and their molar ratio in sportfish from drinking water reservoirs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 5(9): article 1864 (17 pages). doi:10.3390/ijerph15091864	August 2018
Jiang, H., K. H. Pollock, C. Brownie, J. M. Hoenig, R. J. Latour, B. K. Wells, and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Tag Return Models allowing for Harvest and Catch-And-Release: Evidence of Environmental and Management Impacts on Striped Bass Fishing and Natural Mortality Rates. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 27:387-396.	January 2007
Jiang, H., K. H. Pollock, C. Brownie, J. E. Hightower, J. M. Hoenig, and W. S. Hearn. 2007. Age Dependent Tag Return Models for Estimating Fishing Mortality, Natural Mortality and Selectivity. Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics12:177-194.	January 2007
Jiang, H., C. Brownie, J. E. Hightower, and K. H. Pollock. 2007. Estimating fishing mortality, natural mortality, and selectivity using recoveries from tagging young fish. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 27:773-781.	June 2007
Jackson, J. R., and J. E. Hightower. 2001. Reservoir striped bass movements and site fidelity in relation to seasonal patterns in habitat quality. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 21:34-45.	January 2001
J. Munro, D. Hatin, J. E. Hightower, K. McKown, K. J. Sulak, A. W. Kahnle, and F. Caron, editors. 2007. Anadromous sturgeons: habitats, threats, and management. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 56, Bethesda, Maryland	May 2007
Ivasauskas, T.J., W.N. Xiong, A.C. Engman, J.R. Fischer, T.J. Kwak, and K.R. Rundle. 2017. Relationships among catch, angler satisfaction, and fish assemblage characteristics of an urban small impoundment fishery. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 4: 31-38.	May 2017
Irizarry, J. I, J. A. Collazo, and S. J. Dinsmore. 2016. Occupancy dynamics in human modified landscapes in a tropical island: implications for conservation design. Diversity and Distributions 2016:1-12. doi:10.1038/srep29350	January 2016
Irizarry, A. D., J.A. Collazo, J. Vandermeer, and Ivette Perfecto. 2021. Coffee plantations, hurricanes and avian resiliency: insights from occupancy, and local colonization and extinction rates in Puerto Rico. Global Ecology and Conservation 27 (2021) e01579 \| Abstract	April 2021	Insights on impacts and resiliency of avian species with respect to hurricanes in the Caribbean have largely focused on responses measured in protected habitats. We assessed avian responses in non-protected habitat, specifically shade-restored coffee plantations, because their structural complexity retains many attributes of secondary forests, and may contribute to landscape scale species resiliency. We tallied species richness and estimated occupancy probability of 12 resident avian species, after adjusting for imperfect detection, to assess the impact of hurricane Maria (20 September 2017) in shade-restored coffee plantations. For five of those species, we also estimated local colonization and extinction probabilities to assess their prospect of rebounding (resiliency) in the context of two stages of shade restoration. We used survey data collected March-June 2015-2017 (pre-hurricane) and 2018 (post-hurricane) in 58 coffee farms and satellite imagery to assess vegetation structure. Restored farms were grouped into two categories based on time-since-restoration: newly-restored and fully-restored. We predicted that mean percent forest cover in fully-restored farms (~30-40%) would revert to levels in newly-restored farms (<15%), with concomitant changes in occupancy by avian species. As predicted, mean percent forest cover (16.17 ± 4.27%) in fully-restored farms post-hurricane reverted to pre-hurricane levels in newly-restored farms (15.00 ± 5.61%). The loss represented 30-38% relative to the pre-hurricane cover levels. Detections of focal species dropped an average of 41% post-hurricane, with associated reductions in occupancy for 9/11 species. Occupancy of the Puerto Rican Bullfinch and Puerto Rican Spindalis reverted to levels detected in newly-restored plantations prior to the hurricane as predicted. Prospects of rebounding were more likely for species with invariant or increases in colonization probability (e.g., Yellow-faced Grassquit, Northern Mockingbird, Puerto Rican Spindalis). Rebounding for frugivores like the Puerto Rican Bullfinch would be protracted given that colonization rates dropped from 0.56 ± 0.12 (pre-hurricane) to 0.04 ± 0.2 (post-hurricane), regardless of restoration stage. Our work showed that the avian community associated with restored coffee farms exhibited a high degree of ecological resistance as the similarity in species composition before and after the hurricane was 81%, and all 12 focal species continued to occupy farms under both restoration stages. The prospect of the focal species to rebound (resiliency) was species-specific, and in some cases, mediated by their affinity to a particular farm restoration stage. The strength of hurricanes is projected to intensify with global warming. Pockets of undamaged or partially damaged shade-grown or fully-restored coffee plantations may contribute to species resiliency by increasing landscape level habitat redundancy, and facilitate habitat shifts to secure food resources or harbor source populations to colonize recovering, hurricane-damaged habitat tracts.
Iglecia, M. N., J. A. Collazo, and A. J. McKerrow. 2012. Use of Occupancy Models to Evaluate Expert Knowledge-based Species- Habitat Relationships. Avian Conservation and Ecology 7 (2): 5. (13 pages). http://dx.doi. org/10.5751/ACE-00551-070205	December 2012
Hyde, E. J., and T. R. Simons. 2005. Monitoring Salamander Populations in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Chapter 44 In: Status and Conservation of US Amphibians (M. J. Lannoo ed. ). University of Iowa Press.	July 2005
Hyde, E. J., and T. R. Simons. 2001. Sampling Plethodontid salamanders: sources of variability. Journal of Wildlife Management 65(4): 624-632.	October 2001
Hunt, K.M., J.C. Whitehead, D.J. Murie, and T.J. Kwak. 2008. Supply report: survey of institutions of higher learning to investigate possible shortages in the number of individuals with post-baccalaureate degrees in subjects related to fishery science. Pages 21-39 in U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Department of Education. The shortage in the number of individuals with post-baccalaureate degrees in subjects related to fishery science. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-91.	November 2008
Huberman, D. B, B. J. Reich, K. Pacifici, and J. A. Collazo. 2020. Estimating The Drivers Of Species Distributions With Opportunistic Data Using Mediation Analysis. Ecosphere 11(16):e03165. 10.1002/ecs2.3165.	June 2020
Hostetter, NJ, AF Evans, Q Payton, DD Roby, DE Lyons, and K Collis. 2023. A Review of Factors Affecting the Susceptibility of Juvenile Salmonids to Avian Predation. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 43:244–256. https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10862	February 2023
Hostetter, N.J. B. Gardner, S.H. Schweitzer, R. Boettcher, A. L. Wilke, L.Addison, W.R. Swilling, K.H. Pollock, and T.R. Simons. 2015. Repeated count surveys help standardize multi-agency estimates of American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) abundance. The Condor 117: 354-363. DOI: 10.1650/CONDOR-14-185.1	August 2015
Hostetter NJ, Q Payton, DD Roby, K Collis, and AF Evans. 2022. Predation probabilities and functional responses: How piscivorous waterbirds respond to pulses in fish abundance. Ecosphere 13:e4220. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4220	September 2022
Hostetter NJ, NJ Lunn, ES Richardson, EV Regehr, and SJ Converse. 2021. Age-structured Jolly-Seber model expands inference and improves parameter estimation from capture-recapture data. PLOS ONE 16:e0252748. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252748	June 2021
Hostetter NJ, EV Regehr, RR Wilson, JA Royle, and SJ Converse. 2022. Modeling spatiotemporal abundance and movement dynamics using an integrated spatial capture-recapture movement model. Ecology:e3772.	May 2022
Holliman, F. M., T. J. Kwak, W. G. Cope, and J. F. Levine. 2007. Exposure of unionid mussels to electric current: assessing risks associated with electrofishing. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136: 1593-1606.	November 2007
Holliman, F. M., J. B. Reynolds, and T. J. Kwak. 2003. Electroshock-induced injury and mortality in the spotfin chub, a threatened minnow. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 23: 962-966.	August 2003
Holliman, F. M., J. B. Reynolds, and T. J. Kwak. 2003. A predictive risk model for electroshock- induced mortality of the endangered Cape Fear shiner. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 23: 905-912.	August 2003
Holliman, F. M., D. Davis, A. E. Bogan, T. J. Kwak, W. G. Cope, and J. F. Levine. 2008. Magnetic resonance imaging of live freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Invertebrate Biology 127: 396-402.	December 2008
Hochachka, W. M., T. E. Martin, V. Artman, C. R. Smith, S. J. Hejl, D. E. Andersen, D. Curson, L. Petit, N. Mathews, T. Donovan, E. E. Klaas, P. B. Wood, J. C. Manolis, K. P. McFarland, J. V. Nichols, J. C. Bednarz, D. M. Evans, J. P. Duguay, S. Garner, J. Tewksbury, K. L. Purcell, J. Faaborg, C. B. Goguen, C. Rimmer, R. Dettmers, M. Knutson, J. A. Collazo, L. Garner, D. Whitehead, and G. Geupel. 1999. Scale dependence in the effects of forest coverage on parasitization by brown-headed cowbirds. Studies in Avian Biology 18:80-88.	January 1999
Hines, J. E., J. D. Nichos, and J. A. Collazo. 2014. MULTISEASON OCCUPANCY MODELS FOR CORRELATED REPLICATE SURVEYS. Methods in Ecology and Evolution.	March 2014
Hightower, J. E., and K. L. Sparks. 2003. Migration and spawning habitat of American shad in the Roanoke River, North Carolina. Pages 193-199 in K. E. Limburg and J. R. Waldman, editors. Biodiversity, status, and conservation of the world's shads. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 35, Bethesda, Maryland.	August 2003
Hightower, J. E., and K. H. Pollock. 2013. Tagging methods for estimating population size and mortality rates of inland striped bass populations. Pages 249-262 in J. S. Bulak, C. C. Coutant, and J. A. Rice editors. Biology and management of inland striped bass and striped bass hybrids. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 80, Bethesda, Maryland. \| Abstract \| Download	April 2013	Striped bass Morone saxatilis in inland reservoirs play an important role ecologically and in supporting recreational fishing. To manage these populations, biologists need information about abundance and mortality. Abundance estimates can be used to assess the effectiveness of stocking programs that maintain most reservoir striped bass populations. Mortality estimates can indicate the relative impact of fishing versus natural mortality, and the need for harvest regulation. The purpose of this article is to evaluate tagging studies as a way of obtaining information about abundance and mortality. These approaches can be grouped into three broad categories: tag-recapture, tag-return, and telemetry. Tag-recapture methods are typically used to estimate population size and other demographic parameters, but are often difficult to apply in large systems. A fishing tournament can be an effective way of generating tagging or recapture effort in large systems, compared to using research sampling only. Tag-return methods that rely on angler harvest and catch-and-release can be used to estimate fishing (F) and natural (M) mortality rates and are a practical approach in large reservoirs. The key to success in tag-return studies is to build in auxiliary studies to estimate short-term tagging mortality, short- and long-term tag loss, reporting rate, and mortality associated with catch-and-release. F and M can also be estimated using telemetry tags. Advantages of this approach are that angler non-reporting does not bias estimates and fish with transmitters provide useful ecological data. Cost can be a disadvantage of telemetry studies; thus combining telemetry tags with conventional tag-returns in an integrated analysis is often the optimal approach. In summary, tagging methods can be a powerful tool for assessing the effectiveness of inland striped bass stocking programs and the relative impact of fishing versus natural mortality.
Hightower, J. E., and C. Nesnow. 2006. Distribution and Abundance of American Eels in the White Oak River Estuary, North Carolin. Southeastern Naturalist 5(4):693-710.	December 2006
Hightower, J. E., W. J. Fleming, and M. A. Hayman. 1999. Effects of contaminated sediments on brown bullhead age structure, growth, and condition in a North Carolina tidal creek. American Fisheries Society Symposium 24:161-172.	November 1999
Hightower, J. E., K. P. Zehfuss, D. A. Fox, and F. M. Parauka. 2002. Summer habitat use by Gulf sturgeon in the Choctawhatchee River, Florida. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 18:595-600.	December 2002
Hightower, J. E., K. J. Magowan, L. M. Brown, and D. A. Fox. 2013. Reliability of fish size estimates obtained from multibeam imaging sonar. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4(1):86-96. \| Abstract \| Download	June 2013	Multibeam imaging sonars have considerable potential for use in fisheries surveys because the video-like images are easy to interpret and contain information about fish size, shape, and swimming behavior, as well as characteristics of occupied habitats. We examined images obtained using a DIDSON multibeam sonar for Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus, striped bass Morone saxatilis, white perch M. americana, and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus of known size (20 – 141 cm) to determine the reliability of length estimates. For ranges up to 11 m, percent measurement error (sonar estimate – total length)/total length X 100 varied by species but was not related to the fish’s range or aspect angle (orientation relative to the sonar beam). Least-square mean percent error was significantly different from 0.0 for Atlantic sturgeon (x ̅ =-8.34, SE=2.39) and white perch (x ̅ =14.48, SE=3.99) but not striped bass (x ̅= 3.71, SE=2.58) or channel catfish (x ̅=3.97, SE=5.16). Underestimating lengths of Atlantic sturgeon may be due to difficulty in detecting the snout or the longer dorsal lobe of the heterocercal tail. White perch was the smallest species tested and it had the largest percent measurement errors (both positive and negative) and the lowest percentage of images classified as good or acceptable. Automated length estimates using Echoview software varied with position in the view-field. Estimates tended to be low at more extreme azimuthal angles (fish’s angle off-axis within the view-field) but mean and maximum estimates were highly correlated with total length. Software estimates were also biased by fish images partially outside the view-field and when acoustic crosstalk occurred (when a fish perpendicular to the sonar and at relatively close range is detected in the side lobes of adjacent beams). These sources of bias are apparent when files are processed manually and can be filtered out when producing automated software estimates. Multibeam sonar estimates of fish size should be useful for research and management if these potential sources of bias and imprecision are addressed.
Hightower, J. E., J. C. Taylor, and D. J. Degan. 2013. Estimating abundance of adult striped bass in reservoirs using mobile hydroacoustics. . Pages 279-290 in J. S. Bulak, C. C. Coutant, and J. A. Rice editors. Biology and management of inland striped bass and striped bass hybrids. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 80, Bethesda, Maryland. \| Abstract \| Download	April 2013	Hydroacoustic surveys have proven valuable for estimating reservoir forage fish abundance but are more challenging for adult predators such as striped bass Morone saxatilis. Difficulties in assessing striped bass in reservoirs include their low density and the inability to distinguish species with hydroacoustic data alone. Despite these difficulties, mobile hydroacoustic surveys have potential to provide useful data for management because of the large sample volume compared to traditional methods such as gill netting and the ability to target specific areas where striped bass are aggregated. Hydroacoustic estimates of reservoir striped bass have been made using mobile surveys, with data analysis using a threshold for target strength in order to focus on striped bass-sized targets, and auxiliary sampling with nets to obtain species composition. We provide recommendations regarding survey design, based in part on simulations that provide insight on the level of effort that would be required to achieve reasonable estimates of abundance. Future surveys may be able to incorporate telemetry or other sonar techniques such as side-scan or multibeam in order to focus survey efforts on productive habitats (within lake and vertically). However, species apportionment will likely remain the main source of error, and we see no hydroacoustic system on the horizon that will identify fish by species at the spatial and temporal scale required for most reservoir surveys. In situations where species composition can be reliably assessed using traditional gears, abundance estimates from hydroacoustic methods should be useful to fishery managers interested in developing harvest regulations, assessing survival of stocked juveniles, identifying seasonal aggregations, and examining predator–prey balance.
Hightower J.E., J. E. Harris, J. K. Raabe, P. Brownell, and C. A. Drew. 2012. A Bayesian habitat suitability model for spawning American shad in southeastern United States rivers. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 3(2):184-198; e1944-687X. doi: 10.3996/082011-JFWM-047. \| Abstract \| Download \| Publisher Website	May 2012	Habitat suitability index models for American shad Alosa sapidissima were developed by Stier and Crance in 1985. These models, which were based on a combination of published information and expert opinion, are often used to make decisions about hydropower dam operations and fish passage. The purpose of this study was to develop updated habitat suitability index models for spawning American shad in the southeastern United States, building on the many field and laboratory studies completed since 1985. We surveyed biologists who had knowledge about American shad spawning grounds, assembled a panel of experts to discuss important habitat variables, and used raw data from published and unpublished studies to develop new habitat suitability curves. The updated curves are based on resource selection functions, which can model habitat selectivity based on use and availability of particular habitats. Using field data collected in eight rivers from Virginia to Florida (Mattaponi, Pamunkey, Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, Cape Fear, Pee Dee, St. Johns), we obtained new curves for temperature, current velocity, and depth that were generally similar to the original models. Our new suitability function for substrate was also similar to the original pattern, except that sand (optimal in the original model) has a very low estimated suitability. The Bayesian approach that we used to develop habitat suitability curves provides an objective framework for updating the model as new studies are completed and for testing the model's applicability in other parts of the species' range.
Hewitt, A.H., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, and K.H. Pollock. 2009. Population density and instream habitat suitability of the endangered Cape Fear shiner. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138: 1439-1457.	November 2009
Hewitt, A. H., W. G. Cope, T. J. Kwak, T. Augspurger, P. R. Lazaro, and D. Shea. 2006. Influence of water quality and associated contaminants on survival and growth of the endangered Cape Fear shiner (Notropis mekistocholas). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25: 2288-2298.	August 2006
Herring, G., and J. A. Collazo. 2009. Site characteristics and prey abundance at foraging sites used by Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) wintering in Florida. Southeastern Naturalist 8:363-374	August 2009
Herring, G., and J. A. Collazo. 2007. Lesser Scaup Winter Foraging and Nutrient Reserve acquisition in East-Central Florida. Journal of Wildlife Management 70:1682-1689.	January 2007
Herring, G., and J. A. Collazo. 2005. Winter survival of Lesser Scaup in east-central Florida. J. Wildlife Management 68:1082-1087.	March 2005
Herring, G., and J. A. Collazo. 2005. Habitat Use, Movements and Home Range of Wintering Lesser Scaup in Florida. Waterbirds 28:71-78.	May 2005
Henareh Khalyani, W. A. Gould, E. Harmsen, M. Quinones, and Jaime A. Collazo. 2015. Climate change implications for tropical islands: Interpolating and 1 interpreting statistically downscaled GCM projections for 2 management and planning. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55:265-282. DOI:10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0182.1	December 2015
Heltsley, R. M., W. G. Cope, D. Shea, R. B. Bringolf, T. J. Kwak, and E. G. Malindzak. 2005. Assessing organic contaminants in fish: comparison of a non-lethal tissue sampling technique to mobile and stationary passive sampling devices. Environmental Science and Technology 39: 7601-7608.	September 2005
Heise, R.J., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, and C.B. Eads. 2013. Short-term effects of small dam removal on a freshwater mussel assemblage. Walkerana: Journal of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society 16: 41-52.	August 2013
Hayes, D. B., J. R. Bence, T. J. Kwak, and B. E. Thompson. 2007. Abundance, biomass, and production estimation. Pages 327-374 in C. S. Guy and M. L. Brown, editors. Analysis and interpretation of freshwater fisheries data. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.	September 2007
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2011. Identification of American shad spawning sites and habitat use in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 31:1019-1033.	December 2011
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2010. Evaluation of methods for identifying spawning sites and habitat selection for alosines. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 30:386–399.	February 2010
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2012. Demographic population model for American shad: will access to additional habitat upstream of dams increase population sizes? Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Services 4:262-283. \| Download \| Publisher Website	June 2012
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2011. Spawning habitat selection of hickory shad. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 31: 495-505. \| Publisher Website	July 2011
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2011. Movement patterns of American shad transported upstream of dams on the Roanoke River, North Carolina and Virginia. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 31: 240-256. \| Publisher Website	July 2011
Gustafson, L., W. Showers, T. Kwak, J. Levine, and M. Stoskopf. 2007. Temporal and spatial variability in stable isotope compositions of a freshwater mussel: implications for biomonitoring and ecological studies. Oecologia 152: 140-150.	January 2007
Gustafson, L. L., M. K. Stoskopf, W. Showers, G. Cope, C. Eads, R. Linnehan, T. J. Kwak, B. Andersen, and J. F. Levine. 2005. Reference ranges for hemolymph chemistries from Elliptio complanata of North Carolina. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 65: 167-176.	July 2005
Gustafson, L. L., M. K. Stoskopf, A. E. Bogan, W. Showers, T. J. Kwak, S. Hanlon, and J. F. Levine. 2005. Evaluation of a nonlethal technique for hemolymph collection in Elliptio complanata, a freshwater bivalve (Mollusca: Unionidae). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 65: 159-165.	July 2005
Guiti Prado, S., J. A. Collazo, P. C. Stevenson, and R. E. Irwin. 2019. A comparison of coffee floral traits under two different agricultural practices. Scientific Reports (2019) 9:7331 \| https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43753-y	May 2019
Guiti Prado S., J. A. Collazo, R. E. Irwin. 2018. Resurgence of Specialized Shade Coffee Cultivation: effects on pollination services and quality of coffee production. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 265:567–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.07.002	August 2018
Grote, A., Bailey, M., Zydlewski, J., Hightower, J. 2014 Multibeam sonar (DIDSON) assessment of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) approaching a hydroelectric dam. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71:545-558. \| Download	November 2013
Grieshaber, C.A., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, T.N. Penland, R.J. Heise, and J.M Law. 2021. Survival and contaminants in imperiled and common riverine fishes assessed with an in situ bioassay approach. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 40: 2206-2219. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5104	August 2021
Grieshaber, C.A., T.N. Penland, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, J.M. Law, D. Shea, D.D. Aday, J.A. Rice, and S.W. Kullman. 2018. Relation of contaminants to fish intersex in riverine sport fishes. Science of the Total Environment 643: 73-89. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.071 0048-9697	June 2018
Gleffe, J. D., J. A. Collazo, M. J. Groom, and L. Miranda-Castro. 2006. Avian reproduction and the value of shaded coffee plantations. Ornitolog�a Neotropical 17:271-282.	January 2006
Gladkikh, T. M., J A. Collazo, A. Torres-Abreu, A. M. Reyes, M. Molina. 2020. Factors that influence participation of Puerto Rican coffee farmers in conservation programs. Conservation Science and Practice 2020;e172.; DOI: 10.1111/csp2.172 \| Abstract	January 2020	Sustainable, conservation-oriented agricultural practices like shade coffee and agroforestry can enhance conservation objectives in tropical landscapes. Adoption of these practices, however, is influenced by numerous factors. We conducted a survey of 89 coffee farmers in Puerto Rico to understand their farming practices, experience with existing incentives, and willingness to participate in conservation programs. Quantitative analysis showed that current farming practices, farm size, and annual income from farming were associated with willingness to participate in conservation programs. Qualitative results suggested that financial considerations, conflicting state and federal incentives, lack of information about conservation programs, distrust in government, and land use restrictions might hinder participation. Some farmers perceived that sun farming – a practice incompatible with sustainable conservation - was required to be eligible for state agricultural incentives. The way some farmers practiced shade farming differed from the way suggested for conservation purposes, particularly in the type of shade trees and their cover density. Farmers highlighted the need for financial incentives to encourage adoption of shade farming. They also expressed concerns that participation in conservation programs could limit their land management autonomy. We suggest that availability of financial incentives, reconciliation of institutional barriers, increased outreach, and involvement of farmers in design of conservation programs can increase adoption and retention of conservation practices.
Garth, H., and J. A. Collazo. Winter survival of Lesser Scaup in east-central Florida. J. Wildl. Manage.	July 2006
Garner, A.B., T.J. Kwak, K.L. Manuel, and D.H. Barwick. 2014. High-density grass carp stocking effects on a reservoir invasive plant and water quality. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 51: 27-33.	December 2013
Gardner B, BT McClintock, SJ Converse, and NJ Hostetter. 2022. Integrated animal movement and spatial capture-recapture models: simulation, implementation, and inference. Ecology:e3771.	May 2022
Friedl, S. E., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, F. S. Scharf, and K. H. Pollock. 2013. Telemetry-based mortality estimates of juvenile spot in two North Carolina estuarine creeks. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142:399-415. \| Download	January 2013
Fox, D. A., J. E. Hightower, and F. M. Parauka. 2002. Estuarine and nearshore marine habitat use By Gulf sturgeon from the Choctawhatchee River system, Florida. American Fisheries Society Symposium 28:111-126.	January 2002
Fox, D. A., J. E. Hightower, and F. M. Parauka. 2000. Gulf sturgeon spawning migration and habitat in the Choctawhatchee River System, Alabama-Florida. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129:811-826.	January 2000
Flowers, H.J., T.J. Kwak, J.R. Fischer, W.G. Cope, J.M. Rash, and D.A Besler. 2019. Behavior and survival of stocked trout in southern Appalachian Mountain streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 148: 3-20. DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10113	January 2019
Flowers, H. J., and J. E. Hightower. 2013. A Novel Approach to Surveying Sturgeon Using Side-scan Sonar and Occupancy Modeling. Coastal and Marine Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 5:211-223. \| Abstract \| Download \| Publisher Website	September 2013	Technological advances represent opportunities to enhance and supplement traditional fisheries sampling approaches. One example with growing importance for fisheries research is hydroacoustic technologies such as side-scan sonar. Advantages of side-scan sonar over traditional techniques include the ability to sample large areas efficiently and the potential to survey fish without physical handling—important for species of conservation concern, such as endangered sturgeons. Our objectives were to design an efficient survey methodology for sampling Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus by using side-scan sonar and to developmethods for analyzing these data. In North Carolina and South Carolina, we surveyed six rivers thought to contain varying abundances of sturgeon by using a combination of side-scan sonar, telemetry, and video cameras (i.e., to sample jumping sturgeon). Lower reaches of each river near the saltwater–freshwater interface were surveyed on three occasions (generally successive days), and we used occupancy modeling to analyze these data.We were able to detect sturgeon in five of six rivers by using these methods. Side-scan sonar was effective in detecting sturgeon, with estimated gear-specific detection probabilities ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 and river-specific occupancy estimates (per 2-km river segment) ranging from 0.0 to 0.8. Future extensions of this occupancy modeling framework will involve the use of side-scan sonar data to assess sturgeon habitat and abundance in different river systems.
Fisk, J.M. II, T.J. Kwak, and R.J. Heise. 2014. Modelling riverine habitat for robust redhorse: assessment for reintroduction of an imperilled species. Fisheries Management and Ecology 21: 57-67.	January 2014
Fisk, J.M. II, T.J. Kwak, and R.J. Heise. 2015. Effects of regulated river flows on habitat suitability for the robust redhorse. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 144: 792-806. DOI: 10.1080/00028487.2015.1042557	March 2015
Fisk, J.M. II, T.J. Kwak, R.J. Heise, and F.W. Sessions. 2013. Redd dewatering effects on hatching and larval survival of the robust redhorse. River Research and Applications 29: 574-581.	March 2013
Fischer, J.R., T.J. Kwak, H.J. Flowers, W.G. Cope, J.M. Rash, and D.A. Besler. 2019. Growth, condition, and trophic relations of stocked trout in southern Appalachian Mountain streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 148: 771-784. DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10170.	July 2019
Felton, S.K., N.J. Hostetter, K.H. Pollock, and T.R. Simons. 2017. Managing American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) Population Growth by Targeting Nesting Season Vital Rates. Waterbirds 40 (SI1): 44-54. DOI.org/10.1675/063.040.sp106	March 2017
Felton, S.K., K.H. Pollock, and T.R. Simons. 2018. Response of beach-nesting American Oystercatchers to off-road vehicles: an experimental approach reveals physiological nuances and decreased nest attendance. Condor 120: 47-62. DOI.org/10.1650/CONDOR-17-84.1	February 2018
Favrot, S.D. and T.J. Kwak. 2018. Behavior and reproductive ecology of the Sicklefin Redhorse: an imperiled southern Appalachian Mountain fish. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 147: 204-222. DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10010	March 2018
Favrot, S.D. and T.J. Kwak. 2016. Efficiency of two-way weirs and prepositioned electrofishing for sampling potamodromous fish migrations. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 36: 167-182. DOI: 10.1080/02755947.2015.1114537	January 2016
Farnsworth, G. L., and T. R. Simons. 2005. Relationship between Mayfield nest-survival estimates and seasonal fecundity: A cautionary reply. The Auk 122(3):1000-1001.	August 2005
Farnsworth, G. L., and T. R. Simons. 2001. How many baskets? Clutch sizes that maximize annual fecundity of multiple-brooded birds. The Auk 118: 973-982.	December 2001
Farnsworth, G. L., and T. R. Simons. 2000. Observation of Wood Thrush nest predators in a large contiguous forest. Wilson Bulletin 112: 82-87.	January 2000
Farnsworth, G. L., K. H. Pollock, J. L. Nichols, T. R. Simons, J. E. Hines, and J. R. Sauer. 2002. A removal model for estimating detection probabilities from point count surveys. The Auk 119: 414-425	June 2002
Farnsworth, G. L., K. C. Weeks, and T. R. Simons. 2000. Validating the assumptions of the Mayfield Method. Journal of Field Ornithology 71:658-664.	November 2000
Farnsworth, G. L., J. D. Nichols, J. R. Sauer, S. T. Fancy, K. H. Pollock, S. A. Shriner, and T. R. Simons. 2005. Statistical approaches to the analysis of point count data: a little extra information can go a long way. USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-191: 736-743.	June 2005
Evans, AF, Q Payton, NJ Hostetter, K Collis, B. Cramer, and DD Roby. 2022. Cumulative effects of piscivorous colonial waterbirds on juvenile salmonids: a multi predator-prey species evaluation. PLOS ONE 17:e0272875. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272875	August 2022
Erickson, D. L., and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Oceanic distribution and behavior of green sturgeon. Pages 197-211 in J. Munro, D. Hatin, J. E. Hightower, K. McKown, K. J. Sulak, A. W. Kahnle, and F. Caron, editors. Anadromous sturgeons: habitats, threats, and management. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 56, Bethesda, Maryland.	May 2007
Erickson, D. L., J. A. North, J. E. Hightower, J. Weber, and L. Lauck. 2002. Movement and habitat use of green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in the Rogue River, Oregon, USA. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 18:565-569.	December 2002
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, and W.G. Cope. 2018. Do postlarval amphidromous fishes transport marine-derived nutrients and pollutants to Caribbean streams? Ecology of Freshwater Fish 27: 847-856. DOI: 10.1111/eff.12397	May 2018
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, and J.R. Fischer. 2021. Big runs of little fish: first estimates of run size and exploitation in an amphidromous postlarvae fishery. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 78: 905-912. dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0093	July 2021
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, and J.R. Fischer. 2017. Recruitment phenology and pelagic larval duration in Caribbean amphidromous fishes. Freshwater Science 36: 851-865. DOI: 10.1086/694176	November 2017
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, J.R. Fischer, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2019. Fish assemblages and fisheries resources in Puerto Rico’s riverine estuaries. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 11:189-201. DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10072	April 2019
Engman, A.C., J.R. Fischer, T.J. Kwak, and M.J. Walter. 2017. Diurnal feeding behavior of the American Eel Anguilla rostrata. Food Webs 13: 27-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2017.10.003	November 2017
Engman, A.C., G.M. Hogue, W.C. Starnes, M.E. Raley, and T.J. Kwak. 2019. Puerto Rico Sicydium goby diversity: species-specific insights on population structures and distributions. Neotropical Biodiversity 5: 22-29. DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2019.1606669	April 2019
Eaton, M.J., A.J. Terando, J.A. Collazo. 2024. Adaptation Strategies for Conserving Puerto Rico’s Sensitive Herpetofauna: a demonstrative case study using the plains coqui (coqui llanero, E. juanariveroi). Frontiers in Conservation Science, section Animal Conservation. \| Abstract	October 2024	The challenges of selecting strategies to adapt to climate change and other anthropogenic impacts is further complicated by the presence of irreducible uncertainties regarding future conditions. Decisions on long-term investments in land protection to achieve conservation objectives contain significant risk of failure due to these uncertainties. To address this challenge, decision makers need an arsenal of sophisticated but practical tools to help guide spatial conservation strategies. Theory asserts that managing investment risks can be achieved by diversifying an investment portfolio to include assets that are neutral or negatively correlated under a given set of conditions. We demonstrate an approach for formalizing the diversification of conservation assets (land parcels) by using their correlation structure to quantify the degree of risk for any proposed reserve design. We then apply this metric to identify optimal spatial investment portfolios by appropriately balancing risk with the expected conservation benefit. We illustrate a framework for identifying potential future habitat refugia to manage an endangered amphibian by integrating species distribution modeling, scenarios of climate change and sea level rise, and impacts to critical habitat. Using the plains coqui (“coqui llanero”), known from only three small wetland populations on Puerto Rico’s coastal plains, we evaluate the distribution of refugia for eight future scenarios and apply portfolio theory to help guide investment strategies to mitigate climate risks and increase the persistence of this species in the face of an uncertain future. Modeling projects substantial loss of Puerto Rican wetlands and reductions in species distribution, but conditional on the future scenario and with losses not equally distributed across the northern coast. Currently protected areas in the north, while offering limited protection of current llanero distribution, may contribute considerable value to future refugia. Optimizing a protected-area design with the objective of managing risk provides insights on possible benefits and limitations relative to an alternate strategy focused on maximization of cumulative conservation benefits. Some apparent limitations in outcomes of the risk-benefit optimization may be due to the availability of only a small percentage of negatively correlated parcels with which to reduce risk.
Dunn, C.G., D.A. Schumann, M.E. Colvin, L.J Sleezer, M. Wagner, D.T. Jones-Farrand, E. Rivenbark, S. McRae, and K. Evans. In 2024. Using resiliency, redundancy, and representation in a Bayesian belief network to assess imperilment of riverine fishes. Ecosphere. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4738 \| Abstract \| Download \| Publisher Website	January 2024	Conservation-prioritization frameworks are used worldwide to identify species at greatest risk of extinction and to allocate limited resources across regions, species, and populations. Conservation prioritization can be impeded by ecological knowledge gaps and data deficiency, especially in freshwater species inhabiting highly complex aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, we developed a flexible approach that calculates a species’ imperilment risk based on the conservation principles of resiliency, redundancy, and representation (i.e., the “three R’s”). Our approach organizes data on species traits, distributions, population connectivity, and threats within a Bayesian belief network capable of predicting resiliency and redundancy within representative ecological settings. Empirical data and expert judgement inform the model to provide robust and repeatable risk assessments for rare and data-deficient species. The model calculates resiliency at hierarchical spatial scales from distributional trends and population strength. Redundancy is estimated from numbers and connectivity among extant populations. Resiliency, redundancy, and species’ inherent vulnerability based on species traits collectively estimate extirpation risk within each unique ecological setting. Extirpation risks across ecological settings characterize representation and are aggregated to estimate global imperilment risk. We demonstrate the model’s utility with Piebald Madtom (<i>Noturus gladiator</i>), a species petitioned for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Our results revealed that resiliency, redundancy, and extirpation risks can vary spatially across the species’ range while identifying populations where additional sampling could disproportionally reduce uncertainty in estimated global imperilment risk. Our approach could standardize and expedite conservation status assessments, identify opportunities for early management intervention of at-risk species and populations, and strategically reduce uncertainty by focusing monitoring and research on priority information gaps.
Drew, C.A., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, and T. Augspurger. 2015. Hierarchical landscape models for endemic unionid mussels: building strategic habitat conservation tools for mussel recovery in the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative. Final Report Submitted to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Raleigh, North Carolina.	October 2015
Drew, C.A., M. Eddy, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, and T. Augspurger. 2018. Hydrologic characteristics of freshwater mussel habitat: novel insights from modeled flows. Freshwater Science 37: 343-356. DOI: 10.1086/697947	April 2018
Drew, C. A., J. Stocking, and J. A. Collazo. Strategic Decision Planning for Endangered Species Recovery in Puerto Rico. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service Technical Bulletin.	March 2015
Drew, C. A. and J. A. Collazo. 2014. Bayesian networks as a framework to step-down and support Strategic Habitat Conservation of data-poor species: A case study with King Rail (Rallus elegans) in Eastern North Carolina and Southeastern Virginia. NCARS Technical Bulletin.	November 2014
Drew, C. A. and J. A. Collazo. 2011. Expert knowledge as a foundation for management of secretive species and their habitat (Chapter 5). Perera A.H., Drew C.A., and Johnson C,J. (eds), Expert Knowledge and its Application in Landscape Ecology. Springer, New York.	November 2011
Dinsmore, S. J., and J. A. Collazo. 2003. The influence of body condition on local apparent survival of spring migrant Sanderlings in Coastal North Carolina. Condor 105:465-473.	August 2003
Denmon, P., S.A. Heath, F.J. Sanders, T.R. Simons and S.L. Jones. 2017. American Oystercatcher. Waterbirds 40 Special Publication 1: 126 pp. DOI.org/10.1675/063.040.sp113	March 2017
DeRolph, C.R., S.A.C. Nelson, T.J. Kwak, and E.F. Hain. 2015. Predicting fine-scale distributions of peripheral aquatic species in headwater streams. Ecology and Evolution 5: 152-163. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1331	January 2015
Davis, M. B., T. R. Simons, M. J. Groom, J. L. Weaver, and J. R. Cordes. 2001. The breeding status of American Oystercatcher on the east coast of North America and breeding success in North Carolina. Waterbirds 24(2): 195-202.	August 2001
Craven, S.W., J.T. Peterson, M.C. Freeman, T.J. Kwak, and E. Irwin. 2010. Modeling the relations between flow regime components, species traits and spawning success of fishes in warmwater streams. Environmental Management. 46(2):181-194	July 2010
Cove, M.V., T.R. Simons, B. Gardner, A.S. Maurer, and A. F. O’Connell. 2016. Evaluating nest supplementation as a recovery strategy for the endangered rodents of the Florida Keys. Restoration Ecology. DOI:10.1111/rec.12418.	October 2016
Cove, M.V., B. Gardner, T.R. Simons, R. Kays, and A.F. O’Connell. 2017. Free Ranging domestic cats (Felis catus) on public lands: estimating density, activity, and diet in the Florida Keys. Biological Invasions. DOI 10.1007/s10530-017-1534-x.	August 2017
Costanza, J., S. Beck, M. Pyne, A. Terando, M. Rubino, R. White, and J. Collazo. 2016. Assessing climate-sensitive ecosystems in southeastern U.S. Open-file Report 1073, Southeast Climate Science Center, Raleigh, NC.	June 2016
Costanza, J. K., R. C. Abt, N. M. Tarr, A. J. McKerrow, and J. A. Collazo. 2016. Bioenergy production and forest landscape change in the southeastern U.S. Global Change Biology. GCB Bioenergy (2016): 1- 16. doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12386	July 2016
Costanza, J. K., J. Hulcr, T. Earnhardt, F. Kochc, A. J. McKerrow, R. R. Dunn, and J. A. Collazo. 2012. Simulating the Effects of the Southern Pine Beetle on Regional Dynamics 60 Years into the Future. Ecological Modelling 244:93-103.	July 2012
Costanza, J. K., A. J. Terando, A. J. McKerrow, and J. A. Collazo. 2014. Climate change, urbanization, and management of a fire-dependent ecosystem. J. of Environmental Management 151186-199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.032	January 2015
Costanza, J. K, R. C. Abt, A. J. McKerrow and J. A. Collazo. Linking state-and-transition simulation and timber supply models for forest biomass production scenarios. AIMS Environmental Science 2:180-202. DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2015.2.180.	March 2015
Cope, W.R., T.J. Kwak, T.R. Black, and K. Pacifici. 2019. Evaluation of artificial cover units as a sampling technique and habitat enhancement for madtoms in rivers. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 39: 778–787. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10317.	August 2019
Cope, W.R., T.J. Kwak, T.R. Black, K. Pacifici, S.C. Harris, C. Miller, M.E. Raley, and E.M. Hallerman. 2021. Genetic structure and diversity of the endemic Carolina madtom and conservation implications. Invited, special issue on Catfish Conservation and Management. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 41(Special Issue 1): S27-S41. DOI: 10.1002/nafm.10589	October 2021
Cope, W.G., F.M. Holliman, T.J. Kwak, N.C. Oakley, P.R. Lazaro, D. Shea, T. Augspurger, J.M. Law, J.P. Henne, and K.M. Ware. 2011. Assessing water quality suitability for shortnose sturgeon in the Roanoke River, North Carolina, USA with an in situ bioassay approach. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27: 1-12.	January 2011
Cope, W. G., M. R. Bartsch, and J. E. Hightower. 2006. Population dynamics of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) during the initial invasion of the upper Mississippi River, USA. Journal of Molluscan Studies 72:179-188.	April 2006
Cooney, P.B. and T.J. Kwak. 2013. Spatial extent and dynamics of dam impacts on tropical island freshwater fish assemblages. BioScience 63: 176-190.	March 2013
Cooney, P.B. and T.J. Kwak. 2010. Development of standard weight equations for Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico amphidromous fishes. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 30: 1203-1209.	October 2010
Collazo, J.A., A. J. Terando, M. J. Eaton, E. Martinez, R.C. Bell, A. Puente-Rolon. 2023. Strategic Habitat Conservation and Adaptive Strategies for Recovery and Pre-listing Conservation of Eleutherodactylus (coqui) Amphibians in Puerto Rico. Cooperator Report (ScienceBase). \| Abstract	January 2024	We synthesized ecological data to inform decision makers on when climate-vulnerable amphibians should be translocated and where climate-resilient habitat should be protected. In objective 1, we showed critical thermal limits (CT<sub>Max</sub>)estimates conformed to the known distribution of focal species. Climate projections suggested that focal species will not be exposed to reported CT<sub>Max</sub> until at least 2060. Instead, species will be affected through long-exposure to elevated sub-lethal temperatures (≥25°C ≤36°C). Experimental releases indicated that there is no difference in initial, post-release daily survival rates between control and translocated individuals (DSR = 0.999 ± 0.001), and are not an added source of mortality, thus, it is a useful adaptation tool. In objective 2, genetic analyses for the endangered <i>Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi </i>suggested that the two known populations harbor unique genetic diversity, and were likely exchanging migrants in the past, but have more recently become isolated from one another. Other range-restricted <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> species exhibited extensive genetic structure in a principal components analysis of genetic variation, suggesting that they may require a finer scale of population management in recognition of genetic variability and to ensure resilience to future global change. In objective 3, we evaluated current habitat conditions and forecasted habitat change under future climates using <i>E. juanariveroi</i> as an illustrative example to demonstrate a framework for developing conservation strategies for climate sensitive-species. Temperature-mediated evapotranspiration, declining freshwater input, and sea level rise will promote saltwater intrusion and the transition of fresh marsh habitats in Puerto Rico. Conditional on scenarios of future biotic and abiotic conditions, uncertainty, and decision-maker risk attitudes, we developed a spatial reserve-design planning tool to optimize species persistence and manage risk<i>. </i>The multi-disciplinary project we described represents a sound approach to draw appropriate inferences about organismal and habitat vulnerability to non-stationary climate conditions, help identify alternative actions to deal with potential impacts, and assist decision makers in the formulation of long-term strategies for species conservation by considering climate-induced uncertainty and risk.
Collazo, J.A,. A.J. Terando, A.C. Engman, P.F. Fackler, and T.J. Kwak. 2019. Toward a Resilience-Based Conservation Strategy for Wetlands in Puerto Rico: Meeting Challenges Posed by Environmental Change. Wetlands 39: 1255-1269. DOI 10.1007/s13157-018-1080-z	February 2020
Collazo, J. A., and G. Bonilla-Martinez. 2001. Population size, survival, and movements of White-cheeked Pintail in eastern Puerto Rico. Caribbean J. Science 37:194-201.	December 2001
Collazo, J. A., T. H. White, Jr., F. J. Vilella and Simon A. Guerrero. 2003. Survival of captive-reared Hispaniolan parrots released in Parque del Este, Dominican Republic. Condor 105:198-207.	May 2003
Collazo, J. A., P. F. Fackler, K. Pacifici, T. H. White, and I. Llerandi-Roman. 2013. Optimal allocation of captive-reared Puerto Rican Parrots: decisions when divergent dynamics characterize managed populations. The Journal of Wildlife Management 77:1124-1134.	March 2013
Collazo, J. A., M. J. Krachey, K. H. Pollock, F. J. Perez-Aguilo, J. P. Zegarra, and A. A. Mignucci-Giannoni. 2019. Population estimates of Antillean manatees in Puerto Rico: An analytical framework for Aerial Surveys Using Multi-Pass Removal Sampling. J. of Mammalogy 100(4):1340–1349. DOI:10.1093/jmammal/gyz076	October 2019
Collazo, J. A., M. J. Groom, S. M. Haig, T. H. White, and B. D. Muizniecks. 2006. In the eye of the hurricane: efforts to save the Puerto Rican Parrot. Essay 15. 5, Pp. 586-589 of Chapter 15: Restoration of Damaged Ecosystems and Endangered Populations, in M. J. Groom, G. K. Meffe, and C. R. Carroll (editors). Principles of Conservation Biology, 3rd edition, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.	June 2005
Collazo, J. A., J. F. Gilliam, and L. Miranda-Castro. 2010. Functional Response Models to Estimate Feeding Rates of Wading Birds. Waterbirds 33: 33-40.	January 2010
Collazo, J. A., J. E. Saliva, and J. Pierce. 2000. Status of Caribbean Brown Pelicans. Edited by David C. Lee and Elizabeth A. Schreiber. Society of Caribbean Ornithology, Special Pub. No. 1. Pages. 39-45.	January 2000
Collazo, J. A., C. A. Kelly, and D. A. O'harra. Accessible habitat for shorebirds: factors influencing its availability and conservation implications. Waterbirds 25 (Special Publication 2): 13-24.	September 2002
Collazo, J. A. 2021. Climate Change Implications for the Conservation of Amphibians in Tropical Environments. Cooperator Report for the Southeast Climate Science Center. \| Abstract	February 2021	The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources want to develop a plan of actions to protect 12 species of coqui frogs (<i>Eleutherodactylus</i> spp.) that are currently considered at risk of being considered threatened or endangered, requiring additional protections under the Endangered Species Act. Actions center on two possible adaptation strategies: a) translocations to suitable, unoccupied habitat, and b) identifying climate-resilient habitats to ensure the persistence of species. Knowledge required to implement these strategies includes understanding how microhabitat and microclimatic factors – the local environmental conditions around individual frogs influence their occupancy (distribution), abundance, and reproduction; these were estimated by focusing on four representative species (<i>E. wightmanae</i>, <i>E. brittoni</i>, <i>E. antillensis,</i> and <i>E. coqui</i>). The abundance of all species but <i>E. antillensis</i> was positively and strongly influenced by moisture levels. As expected, <i>E. antillensis</i> exhibited an opposite relationship. Similarly, the reproductive activity of <i>E. coqui</i> was influenced by higher relative humidity and the presence of a chorus of other individuals. We found that our four focal species were not affected (e.g., abundance, reproduction) by the passing of hurricane Maria in September 2017, possibly because fallen debris creates conditions of increased food and shelter. Our findings help to assess habitat suitability, potential climate refuges, and inform timing for<i> </i>managed translocations.
Coleman, N., D Fox, A Horne, NJ Hostetter, J Madsen, M O'Brien, I Park, C Stend, D Secor. 2024. Spawning run estimates and phenology for an extremely small population of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Marshyhope Creek–Nanticoke River system, Chesapeake Bay. Marine and Coastal Fisheries 16:e10292. doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10292	July 2024
Clement, M, J. D. Nichols, J. A. Collazo, A. J. Terando, J. E. Hines, and S. Williams. 2019. Partitioning global change: assessing the relative importance of changes in climate and land cover for changes in avian distribution. Ecology and Evolution 9:1985-2003. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4890	January 2019
Carlo, T. A., J. A. Collazo and M. J. Groom. 2004. Avian Foraging in Shaded Coffee Plantations: Influence of Fruit Abundance, Plant Species Composition, and Conservation Implications. Biotropica 36:602-614. .	April 2004
Carlo, T. A., J. A. Collazo and M. J. Groom. 2003. Avian fruit preference and seed dispersal effectiveness: A view of landscape variation of bird-plant interactions. Oecologia 134:119-131.	January 2003
Campos-Cerqueria, M., A. J. Terando, B. Murray, J. A. Collazo, and T. M. Aide. 2021. Climate change is creating a mismatch between protected areas and suitable habitats for frogs and birds in Puerto Rico. Biodiversity and Conservation. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02258-9	October 2021
C. Ashton Drew, Rickie White, Bradley Pickens and Jaime Collazo. 2016. Assessment of South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative Terrestrial Indicators. Final Report to USFWS-SALCC.	July 2016
Buttermore, E.N., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, P.B. Cooney, D. Shea, and P.R. Lazaro. 2018. Contaminants in tropical island streams and their biota. Environmental Research 161: 615-623. DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.053	January 2018
Burdick, S. M., and J. E. Hightower. 2006. Distribution of spawning activity by anadromous fishes in an Atlantic slope drainage, after the removal of a low-head dam . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135:1290-1300.	September 2006
Buczek, S.B., W.G. Cope, R.A. McLaughlin, and T.J. Kwak. 2018. Effects of turbidity, sediment, and polyacrylamide on native freshwater mussels. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 54: 631-643. doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12639	June 2018
Buczek, S.B., W.G. Cope, R.A. McLaughlin, and T.J. Kwak. 2017. Acute toxicity of polyacrylamide flocculants to early life stages of freshwater mussels. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36: 2715-2721. DOI: 10.1002/etc.3821	September 2017
Brown J. J., J. Perillo, T. J. Kwak, and R. J. Horwitz. 2005. Implications of Pylodictis olivaris (flathead catfish) introduction into the Delaware and Susquehanna drainages Northeastern Naturalist 12: 473-484.	January 2006
Bringolf, R. B., T. J. Kwak, W. G. Cope, and M. S. Larimore. 2005. Salinity tolerance of flathead catfish: implications for dispersal of introduced populations. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134: 927-936.	July 2005
Briggs, E.L, C. Baranski, O. Munzer, G. Garrison, J. A. Collazo, and E. Youngsteadt. 2022. Estimating bee abundance: Can mark-recapture methods validate common sampling protocols? Apidologie.	February 2022
Brewster, J.P. and T.R. Simons. 2009. Testing the importance of auditory detections in avian point counts. Journal of Field Ornithology 80: 178-182.	June 2009
Bowden, J.H., A. J. Terando, V. Misra, A. Wootten, A. Bhardwaj, R. Boyles, W, Gould, J.A. Collazo, T. L. Spero. 2021. High-resolution dynamically downscaled rainfall and temperature projections for ecological life zones within Puerto Rico and for the US Virgin Islands. International Journal of Climatology, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6810	January 2021
Borneman, T.E., E.T. Rose, and T.R. Simons. 2016. Off-road vehicles affect nesting behavior and reproductive success of American Oystercatchers. Ibis 158: 261-78.	July 2016
Borneman, T.E., E.T. Rose, and T.R. Simons. 2014. MINIMAL CHANGES IN HEART RATE OF INCUBATING AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHERS (HAEMATOPUS PALLIATUS) IN RESPONSE TO HUMAN ACTIVITY. The Condor 116: 493-503.	July 2014
Borkhataria, R., J. A.Collazo, M. J.Groom, A. Jordan-Garcia. 2011. Shade-grown coffee in PuertoRico: Opportunities to preserve biodiversity while reinvigorating a struggling agricultural commodity. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.12.023.	December 2011
Borkhataria, R. R., J. A. Collazo, and M. J. Groom. 2012. Species abundance and potential biological control services in shade vs. sun coffee in Puerto Rico. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 151:1-5.	April 2012
Borkhataria, R. R., J. A. Collazo, and M. J. Groom. 2012. Abundances of birds, lizards, and insects in shaded and sun coffee: implications for biological control of coffee pests. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment	May 2012
Borkhataria, R. R, P. C. Frederick, R. A. Keller, and J. A. Collazo. 2012. Temporal variation in local wetland hydrology influences postdispersal survival of juvenile wood storks (Mycteria Americana). Auk 129:1-12.	July 2012
Borkhataria, R. R, J. A. Collazo and M. J. Groom. 2006. Additive effects of vertebrate predators on insects in a Puerto Rican coffee plantation. Ecological Applications 16:696-703.	March 2006
Bjorndal, K. A., A. B. Bolten, M. Chaloupka, V. S. Saba, C. Bellini, M. A. G. Marcovaldi, A. J. B. Santos, L. F. Wurdig Bortolon, A. B. Meylan, P. A. Meylan, J. Gray, R. Hardy, B. Brost, M. Bresette, J. Gorham, S. Connett, B. Crouchley, M. Dawson, D. Hayes, C. E. Diez, R. P. van Dam, S. Willis, M. Nava, K. M. Hart, M. S. Cherkiss, A. G. Crowder, C. Pollock, Z. Hillis-Starr, F. A. Muñoz Teneria, R. Herrera Pavon, V. Martagón Labrada, A. Lorences, A. C. Negrete Philippe, M. M. Lamont, A. M. Foley, R. Bailey, R. R. Carthy, R. Scarpino, E. McMichael, J. A. Provancha, A. Brooks, A. Jardim, M. López-Mendilaharsu, D. González-Paredes, A. Estrades, A. Fallabrino, G. Martínez-Souza, G. M.Vélez-Rubio, R. H. Boulon, Jr., J. A. Collazo, R. Wershoven, V. Guzman-Hernandez, T. B. Stringell, A. Sanghera, P. B. Richardson, A. C. Broderick, Q. Phillips, M. Calosso, J. A. B. Claydon, T. L. Metz, A. L. Gordon, A. Landry, D. J. Shaver, J. Blumenthal, L. Collyer, B. J. Godley, A. McGowan, M. J. Witt, C. L. Campbell, C. J. Lagueux, T. Bethel, and L. Kenyon. 2017. Ecological regime shift drives declining growth rates of sea turtles throughout the West Atlantic. Global Change Biology 2017:1-13. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13712	July 2017
Berkson, J., K.M. Hunt, J.C. Whitehead, D.J. Murie, T.J. Kwak, and J. Boreman. 2009. Is there a shortage of fisheries stock assessment scientists? Fisheries 34(5): 217-219.	May 2009
Becker, S., C. Moorman, C. DePerno, and T. Simons. 2013. Quantifiable long-term monitoring on parks and nature reserves. Southeastern Naturalist 12: 1-13.	June 2013
Beasley, C. A., and J. E. Hightower. 2000. Effects of a low-head dam on the distribution and characteristics of spawning habitat used by striped bass and American shad. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129:1372-1386.	November 2000
Baumann, J.R. and T.J. Kwak. 2011. Trophic relations of introduced flathead catfish in an Atlantic river. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140: 1120-1134.	July 2011
Barwick, R. D., T. J. Kwak, R. L. Noble, and D. H. Barwick. 2004. Fish populations associated with habitat-modified piers and natural woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24: 1120-1133.	December 2004
Bailey, L. L., T. R. Simons, and K. H. Pollock. 2004. Spatial and temporal variation in detection probability of plethodon salamanders using the robust capture-recapture design. Journal of Wildlife Management 68: 14-24.	June 2004
Bailey, L. L., T. R. Simons, and K. H. Pollock. 2004. Estimating site occupancy and species detection probability parameters for terrestrial salamanders. Ecological Applications 14: 692-702.	July 2004
Bailey, L. L., T. R. Simons, and K. H. Pollock. 2004. Estimating detectability parameters for plethodon salamanders using the robust capture-recapture design. Journal of Wildlife Management 68: 1-13.	June 2004
Bailey, L. L., T. R. Simons, and K. H. Pollock. 2004. Comparing population size estimators for Plethodon salamanders. Journal of Herpetology 38.	January 2004
Bacheler, N.M., J. E. Hightower, S. M. Burdick, L. M. Paramore, J. A. Buckel, and K. H. Pollock. 2010. Using generalized linear models to estimate selectivity from short-term recoveries of tagged red drum Sciaenops ocellatus: effects of gear, fate, and regulation period. Fisheries Research 102:266–275.	February 2010
Bacheler, N. M., L. M. Paramore, S. M. Burdick, J. A. Buckel, and J. E. Hightower. 2009. Variation in movement patterns of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) inferred from conventional tagging and ultrasonic telemetry. Fishery Bulletin 107:405–419. \| Publisher Website	October 2009
Bacheler, N. M., L. M. Paramore, J. A. Buckel, and J. E. Hightower. 2009. Abiotic and biotic factors influence the habitat use of North Carolina subadult red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 377:263-277.	February 2009
Bacheler, N. M., J. E. Hightower, L. M. Paramore, J. A. Buckel, and K. H. Pollock. 2008. An age-dependent tag return model for estimating mortality and selectivity of an estuarine-dependent fish with high rates of catch and release. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137:1422-1432.	July 2008
Bacheler, N. M., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, L. M. Paramore, and K. H. Pollock. 2009. A combined telemetry – tag return approach to estimate fishing and natural mortality rates of an estuarine fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66:1230-1244.	September 2009
Aukema, J. E, T. A. Carlo, and J. A. Collazo. 2007. Landscape assessment of tree communities in the northern karst region of Puerto Rico. Plant Ecology 189:101-115.	January 2007
Armstrong, J. L., and J. E. Hightower. 2002. Potential for restoration of the Roanoke River population of Atlantic sturgeon. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 18(4 - 6): 475-480.	December 2002
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2014. Survival and behaviour of juvenile unionid mussels exposed to thermal stress and dewatering in the presence of a sediment temperature gradient. Freshwater Biology 59: 601-613.	January 2014
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2018. Chasing a changing climate: reproductive and dispersal traits predict how sessile species respond to global warming. Diversity and Distributions 24: 880-891. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12740	May 2018
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2014. Influence of sediment presence on freshwater mussel thermal tolerance. Freshwater Science 33: 56-65.	March 2014
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2013. Burrowing, byssus, and biomarkers: behavioral and physiological indicators of sublethal thermal stress in freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 46: 229-250.	August 2013
Amburgey SM, AA Yackel Adams, B Gardner, NJ Hostetter, SR Siers, BT McClintock, and SJ Converse. 2021. Validation of camera trap-based abundance estimators for unmarked populations. Ecological Applications 31: e02410. \| Abstract	October 2021	Estimates of species abundance are critical to understand population processes and to assess and plan management actions. However, capturing and marking individuals for abundance estimation can be economically and logistically prohibitive, particularly for cryptic species. Camera traps can collect data at temporal and spatial scales necessary for estimating abundance, but the use of camera traps comes with limitations when target species are not uniquely identifiable (i.e., “unmarked”). Abundance estimation is particularly useful in the management of invasive species, and herpetofauna are being recognized as some of the most pervasive and detrimental invasive species. However, the use of camera traps for these taxa comes with additional challenges with relevancy across multiple taxa. It is often necessary to use lures to attract animals in order to obtain sufficient observations, yet lure-attraction can influence species’ landscape use and potentially induce bias in abundance estimators. We investigated these challenges and assessed the feasibility of obtaining reliable abundance estimates using camera trapping data on a population of invasive brown treesnakes (<i>Boiga irregularis</i>) in Guam. Data were collected using camera traps in an enclosed area where snakes were subject to high-intensity capture-recapture effort, resulting in presumed abundance of 116 snakes (density = 23/ha). We then applied Unmarked Spatial Capture-Recapture (USCR), Random Encounter and Staying Time, Space to Event, and Instantaneous Sampling estimators to photo-capture data to estimate abundance and compared estimates to our presumed abundance. We found that all estimators for unmarked populations performed poorly, with inaccurate or imprecise abundance estimates that limit their usefulness for management. We further investigated the sensitivity of these estimators to increasing lure attraction (i.e., violating the assumption that animal behavior is unchanged by sampling) and camera density. Increasing lure attraction and camera density both resulted in higher abundance estimates, with the USCR estimator particularly sensitive to changing camera density while other estimators were more sensitive to increasing lure attraction. Each estimator rarely recovered truth or suffered from convergence issues. Our results indicate that, when limited to unmarked estimators and the use of lures, camera traps alone are unlikely to produce abundance estimates with utility to managers.
Allen, M. S., and J. E. Hightower. 2010. Fish population dynamics: mortality, growth, and recruitment. Pages 43-79 in W. A. Hubert and M. C. Quist, editors. Inland Fisheries Management in North America. American Fisheries Society.	October 2010
Allen, J. C., S. M. Krieger, J. R. Walters, and J. A. Collazo. 2006. Associations of breeding birds with fire-influenced and riparian-upland gradients in a longleaf pine ecosystem. Auk 123:1110-1128.	October 2006
Alldredge, M. W., T. R. Simons, and K. H. Pollock. 2007. Factors affecting aural detections of songbirds. Ecological Applications 17:948-955.	March 2007
Alldredge, M. W., T. R. Simons, and K. H. Pollock. 2007. An experimental evaluation of distance measurement error in avian point count surveys. Journal of Wildlife Management 71: 2759-2766.	August 2007
Alldredge, M. W., Pacifici, K., T. R. Simons, and K. H. Pollock. 2008. A field evaluation of the effectiveness of distance sampling and double independent observers to estimate detection probability in aural avian point counts. Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 1349-1356.	August 2008
Alldredge, M. W., K. H. Pollock, and T. R. Simons. 2006. Estimating detection probabilities from multiple-observer point counts. The Auk 123: 1172-1182.	March 2006
Alldredge, M. W., K. H. Pollock, T. R. Simons, and S. A. Shriner. 2007. Multiple species analysis of point count data: a more parsimonious modeling framework. Journal of Applied Ecology. 44: 281-290.	January 2007
Alldredge, M. W., K. H. Pollock, T. R. Simons, J. A. Collazo, and S. A. Shriner. 2007. Time of detection method for estimating abundance from point count surveys. The Auk 124(2): 653-664.	March 2007
Alldredge, M. W. T. R. Simons, K. H. Pollock, and K. Pacifici. 2007. A Field Evaluation of the time-of-detection method to estimate population size for Aural Avian Point Counts. Avian Ecology and Conservation 2(2):13.	November 2007
Alexander-Vaughn, L. B., J. A. Collazo, and C. A. Drew. 2014. Strategic Conservation Planning for the Eastern North Carolina/Southeastern Virginia Strategic Habitat Conservation Team. NCARS Technical Bulletin 337, North Carolina State University.	October 2014
Adams, P. B., C. Grimes, J. E. Hightower, S. T. Lindley, M. L. Moser, and M. J. Parsley. 2007. Population status of North American green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris. Environmental Biology of Fishes 79:339-356.	August 2007
Yirka, L.M., J. A. Collazo, S. G. Williams, and D. T. Cobb. 2018. Persistence-based Area Prioritization for Conservation: Applying Occupancy and Habitat Threats and Risks Analyses. J. Fish and Wildlife Management 9(2): 543-553. doi:10.3996/112017-JFWM-089.	December 2018
Irizarry, A. D., J. A. Collazo, K. Pacifici, B. J. Reich, and K. E. Battle. 2018. Avian Response to Shade-Layer Restoration in Coffee Plantations in Puerto Rico. Restoration Ecology. Restoration Ecology 24:1212-1220. DOI.org/10.1111/rec.12697	April 2018

Presentations

Presentations	Presentation Date
Zulian, V, K Pacifici, NM Bacheler, JA Buckel, WF Patterson III, BJ Reich, KW Shertzer, NJ Hostetter. Integrating mark-resight and count data to estimate effective sampling area and fish density. Ecological Society of America Annual Conference. Portland, Oregon. 6-11 August 2023.	August 2023	We describe a modelling approach to estimate density by integrating count and mark-resight data. We used this approach to estimate density of red snapper (<i>Lutjanus campechanus</i>) across a reef in the Atlantic ocean.
Zulian, V, K Pacifici, NM Bacheler, JA Buckel, WF Patterson III, BJ Reich, KW Shertzer, NJ Hostetter. Integrating mark-resight and count data to estimate effective sampling area and fish density. American Fisheries Society - Tidewater Chapter Conference. Dowell, Maryland. 23-25 March 2023.	March 2023	We describe a modelling approach to estimate density by integrating count and mark-resight data. We used this approach to estimate density of red snapper (<i>Lutjanus campechanus</i>) across a reef in the Atlantic ocean.
Yirka, L.M., J.A. Collazo, B.J. O’Shea, J.A. Gerwin, J. A. Rotenberg, D. T. Cobb. Demographic Rates of Two Populations of Southeastern Painted Buntings, 2007-2015.	July 2017	Reported vital rates provide a stronger foundation to guide Painted Bunting conservation actions, and insights applicable to Neotropical migratory birds.
Xiong, W.N, T.J. Ivasauskas, J.R. Fischer, T.J. Kwak, J.D. Wehbie, S.T. Gardner, and K.R. Rundle. 2016. Recreational angler catch, effort, and satisfaction in an urban setting. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. March 14-17, Danville, Virginia.	March 2016	NCSU collaborated with the Commission to conduct an angler creel survey on Lake Raleigh, an urban NC reservoir, from December 2014 through December 2015. The average time spent fishing was 1.6 hours with an average catch of 0.39 fish/trip (0.24 fish/h). These results highlight the multiple functions and values of urban fisheries.
Xiong, W., A.C. Engman, J.R. Fischer, A.O. Gill, C.S. Lee Pow, H.V. Daniels, T.J. Kwak, and J.A. Collazo. 2016. The diet composition of Caribbean estuarine predatory fishes. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 7-12, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Poster presentation.	August 2016	The objectives of this study were to quantify the diets of Caribbean estuarine predatory fishes and to determine the importance of migrating postlarval fishes and shrimps as forage for estuarine predators. Migrating amphidromous postlarvae appear to be key components of the estuarine forage base and are central to Caribbean estuarine trophic ecology and fisheries management.
Williams, S. G., D. T. Cobb, J. A. Collazo. Elk Habitat Suitability Map for North Carolina.	October 2014	We created an elk habitat suitability map for the planning and decision process assessing the reintroduction of elk in North Carolina. Our work provides a benchmark for decision makers to evaluate trade-offs and potential consequences associated with selection of prospective reintroduction sites.
Wilcox, D., A.C. Engman, J.R. Fischer, A.O. Gill, C.S. Lee Pow, H.V. Daniels, T.J. Kwak, and J.A. Collazo. 2016. Diel patterns, abundance, and biomass of a goby postlarval migration in a Caribbean river. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 7-12, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Poster presentation.	August 2016	Our objective was to determine the diel-scale recruitment phenology of postlarval Sirajo Gobies in the Río Grande de Arecibo, Puerto Rico. We observed that peaks in postlarval ingress occurred from midnight to 0600 with maximum mean ingress between the hours of midnight and 0300. These results indicate that Sirajo Gobies migrate to river mouths as pulses of very dense groups of individuals, and that these pulses generally occur at night.
Wicker, A. M., J. E. Hightower, and S. M. Burdick. 2003. Habitat-based fish restoration through dam removal in North Carolina. 133rd Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Quebec City, Canada, August 10-14, 2003.	August 2003
Wells, T., M. Gyovai, E. Diaz, J.R. Fischer, A.C. Engman, A.O. Gill, C.S. Lee Pow, H.V. Daniels, T.J. Kwak, and J.A. Collazo. 2016. Estimation of harvest for a Caribbean artisanal postlarvae goby fishery. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 7-12, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Poster presentation.	August 2016	Our objective was to characterize the postlarval Sirajo Goby fishery and evaluate factors influencing harvest at the mouth of the Río Grande de Arecibo, Puerto Rico, where a popular cetí fishery occurs. Overall, the results of our survey provide the first estimates of cetí harvested during two postlarval migration events in Puerto Rico and will be essential to guiding future conservation and management efforts.
Weaver, D.M., T.J. Kwak, and K.H. Pollock. 2009. Accuracy of snorkeling techniques for estimating stream fish populations. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 15-18, New Orleans, Louisiana.	January 2009
Weaver, D.M., T.J. Kwak, and K.H. Pollock. 2009. Accuracy of snorkeling techniques for estimating stream fish populations. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 24-25, Burlington, North Carolina.	February 2009
Weaver, D.M., T.J. Kwak, and K.H. Pollock. 2009. Accuracy of snorkeling techniques for estimating stream fish populations. 139th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 30-September 3, Nashville, Tennessee.	August 2009
Weaver, D.M. and T.J. Kwak. 2010. Effects of stocked trout on native nongame riverine fishes. Invited speaker to the Best Student Paper Symposium at the 140th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 12-16, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.	September 2010
Weaver, D.M. and T.J. Kwak. 2010. Effects of stocked trout on native nongame riverine fishes. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 25-28, Asheville, North Carolina.	February 2010
Waters, D.S., W.E. Pine III, T.J. Kwak, and J.R. Rice. 2003. Flathead catfish movement and habitat selection in North Carolina Coastal Plain rivers. Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 13-16, Wilmington, North Carolina.	February 2003
Waters, D.S., W.E. Pine III, T.J. Kwak, and J.R. Rice. 2003. Flathead catfish movement and habitat selection in North Carolina Coastal Plain rivers. Invited speaker to a symposium on Ictalurid ecology and management at the 64th Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference. December 7-10, Kansas City, Missouri.	December 2003
Waters, C. T., and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Effect of Water Quality on Hatching Success of Blueback Herring Eggs in the Chowan River Basin, North Carolina. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Charleston, West Virginia.	October 2007
Wassmer A, K Pacifici, SH Schweitzer, NJ Hostetter. 2023. Illuminating Factors Affecting Occupancy and Detection of Alligators Observed during Annual Spotlight Surveys in North Carolina. Palmetto Alligator Research and Management Symposium. 9-10 November 2023. Georgetown, South Carolina. Oral Presentation.	November 2023	North Carolina is the northern range limit of the American alligator. We are evaluating the use of spotlight surveys to monitor alligator occupancy in North Carolina.
Warlick AJ, Wood F, Hostetter NJ, Converse SJ. A Bayesian state-space nest survival model that incorporates breeding phenology to address unknown age and unknown fate data. International Statistical Ecology Conference. Capetown, South Africa. June 27-July 1, 2022.	June 2022	We present a novel approach for estimating reproductive output that accounts for uncertainty in nest age, state, and fate that is useful when either the study design or location of nests precludes observing precisely when nests are initiated, eggs hatch, or chicks fledge. This work extends nest survival modeling techniques, is applicable to other populations with fully or partially unobservable nests, provides the first estimates of demographic rates for this species in the region, and lends in
Warlick AJ, F Wood, NJ Hostetter, and SJ Converse. 2021. Integrated population modeling of an unmarked population to examine environmental drivers of demography for an indicator species. EURING 2021 Analytical Meeting & Workshop, Virtual.	May 2021	This novel model framework provides an approach to estimate abundance, reproductive success, and environmental driver of population dynamics for an unmarked population of a local indicator seabird species. This will improve our ecological insights about the population in addition to making methodological contributions to the field.
Walsh, M., J.T. Peterson, and T.J. Kwak. 2004. Influence of long-term streamflow variation on recruitment of riverine fish populations. Invited speaker to a symposium on Warmwater streams at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 26-29, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.	February 2004
Walsh, M., J.T. Peterson, and T.J. Kwak. 2004. Influence of long-term streamflow variation on recruitment of riverine fish populations. Annual Meeting of the Georgia Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. January 27-29, Athens, Georgia.	January 2004
Wallace, B.C. and T.J. Kwak. 2010. Production dynamics for management of trout in low-productivity streams. Invited speaker to the Best Student Paper Symposium at the 140th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 12-16, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.	September 2010
Wallace, B.C. and T.J. Kwak. 2010. Incorporating salmonid production dynamics to guide management decisions in intensively utilized fisheries. Annual Meeting of the Iowa Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. January 21-22, Ames, Iowa.	January 2010
Wallace, B.C., D.M. Weaver, and T.J. Kwak. 2009. An evaluation of baited hoop nets for sampling catfish in small impoundments. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 24-25, Burlington, North Carolina.	February 2009
Waldstein, A.H., T.R. Simons, A.F. O'Connell, and K.H. Pollock. 2009. Camera Traps and Mark–Resight Sampling of a Coastal Raccoon Population: Evaluating Estimates of Abundance, Density, Survival, and Sources of Bias. 10th International Mammal Congress, Mendoza, Argentina.	August 2009
Waine, M. W., and J. E. Hightower. 2009. Assessing spawning runs of anadromous fishes using split-beam and multi-beam sonar systems. American Fisheries Society, Nashville, Tennessee, August 30-September 3, 2009.	September 2009
Waine, M. W., J. E. Hightower, and K. M. Boswell. 2008. Deployment of split-beam and DIDSON systems to estimate abundance of anadromous species in the Roanoke River, NC. DIDSON-Based Fish Assessment Workshop, Alaska Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Anchorage. October 26-28, 2008.	October 2008
Waine, M. W., J. E. Hightower, K. M. Boswell, and B. J. Reich. 2011. Assessing spawning runs of anadromous fishes using a Bayesian analysis of split-beam and DIDSON count data. 141th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Seattle, WA, September 4-8, 2011.	September 2011
Waine, M. W., J. E. Hightower, K. M. Boswell, and B. J. Reich. 2011. Assessing spawning runs of anadromous fishes using a Bayesian analysis of split-beam and DIDSON count data. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Tampa, Florida, January 13-16.	January 2011
Veran, S., J. D. Nichols, and J. A. Collazo. 2011. Modeling habitat dynamics accounting for possible misclassification. Ecological Society of America, August 7-12, Austing, Texas.	August 2011
Using artificial-egg heart rate monitors to assess the physiological response of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) to anthropogenic activity. North American Ornithological Conference, Vancouver, BC, August 2012	August 2012
Ulmo-Díaz, G, A. Engman, B. McLarney, C.A. Lasso Alcalá, D. Hendrickson, E. Bezault, E. Feunteun, F.L. aPrats-Léon, J. Wiener, Robert Maxwell, R. Mohammed, T. Kwak, and L. Bernatchez. 2020. Synergistic collaboration through borders: the quest for the American Eel. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Latin American and Caribbean Fisheries.” 150th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 14-25, Virtual Meeting.	September 2020	The American Eel (<i>Anguilla rostrata</i>) is an imperiled catadromous fish present in watersheds from Greenland to Colombia, including Caribbean Islands. We present a collaborative project aimed to resolve a conservation-oriented question: is there population structure in the American Eel through the entire range of distribution? Our project emphasizes the difficulties and rewards of developing collaborative relationships across borders, languages and cultures.
Tuomikoski, J. E., J. A. Buckel, P. J. Rudershausen, and and J. E. Hightower. 2004. Effects of age-1 striped bass predation on Alosa spp. in western Albemarle Sound. North Carolina Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Asheville, NC, Feb. 4-5, 2004.	February 2004
Tuomikoski, J. E., J. A. Buckel, P. J. Rudershausen, and and J. E. Hightower. 2004. Effects of age-1 striped bass predation on Alosa spp. in western Albemarle Sound. 134th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Madison, WI, August 22-26, 2004.	August 2004
Tillery, D.S., J.R. Fischer, A.C. Engman, A.O. Gill, C.S. Lee Pow, H.V. Daniels, T.J. Kwak, and J.A. Collazo. 2015. Fish assemblages in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 9-14, Baltimore, Maryland. Poster presentation.	August 2015	This research involved sampling adult fishes associated with migrations of post-larval gobies in a Puerto Rico river using bag seines and gill nets during and after the migration. We found no strong patterns of fish assemblage change associated with migrating post-larvae, there were numerous predators sampled that feed on the post-larvae, highlighting the importance of the migration.
The importance of estimating detection probability in animal sampling. Murdoch University, Perth Australia	July 2011
The American Oystercatcher Working Group. 2007 International Workshop on Oystercatcher Research, Schiermonnikoog, Netherlands, October 2007.	October 2007
Tharp RM, NJ Hostetter, AB Paxton, JC Taylor, JA Buckel. 2024. Artificial reef structure selection by reef fishes: the importance of structure characteristics. American Fisheries Society. Honolulu, Hawaii. 16-19 September 2024.	September 2024	Artificial reefs can play an important role in marine fisheries management by supplementing or enhancing natural habitats. We investigate fish use of different artificial reef materials off the North Carolina coast.
Tharp RM, AB Paxton, JC Taylor, NJ Hostetter, NM Bacheler, PJ Rudershausen, JA Buckel. 2022. Fine-scale movements and habitat use of recreationally important reef fishes. American Fisheries Society Annual Conference. Spokane, WA. 21-25 August 2022.	August 2022	Artificial reefs can play an important role in marine fisheries management by supplementing or enhancing natural habitats. We investigate fish usage of different artificial reef materials off the North Carolina coast.
Tharp RM, AB Paxton, JC Taylor, NJ Hostetter, NM Bacheler, PJ Rudershausen, JA Buckel. 2022. Fine-scale movements and habitat use of recreationally important reef fishes. American Fisheries Society - Tidewater Chapter Conference. Dowell, Maryland. 23-25 March 2023.	March 2023	Artificial reefs can play an important role in marine fisheries management by supplementing or enhancing natural habitats. We investigate fish use of different artificial reef materials off the North Carolina coast.
Tharp RM, AB Paxton, JC Taylor, NJ Hostetter, NM Bacheler, PJ Rudershausen, JA Buckel. 2022. Fine-scale movement and habitat selection of artificial reef materials by reef fishes: implications for offshore wind studies. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Annual Conference. Dublin, Ireland. 19-22 September 2022.	September 2022	Artificial reefs play an important role in marine fisheries management by supplementing or enhancing natural habitats. We investigate fish usage of different artificial reef materials off the North Carolina coast.
Terando, A., J. Collazo, J. Bowden, M. Eaton, R. Majumder, E. Martinez, A. Rivera-Burgos, and R. Chaparro. 2023. Exposure risk for high elevation tropical anurans based on observed physiological thresholds and statistical-dynamical downscaling of global climate model simulations. AGU 2023, San Francisco,CA.	December 2023	Sensitivities of Eleutherodactylus frog species to increasing evening temperatures (coinciding with peak organismal activity) were assessed using laboratory experiments that measured stress response rates to sub-lethal temperatures and humidity levels. We discuss the implications for adaptive management and conservation strategies for Eleutherodactylus in Puerto Rico and for the Eleutherodactylidae family across the broader range of montane habitats for this tropical western hemisphere genus.
Terando, A. J., J. A. Collazo, and J. Bowden. 2022. Transitioning to action: Long-term cross-disciplinary collaboration across the earth system sciences to facilitate local adaptationstrategies for high-elevation amphibian species in the US Caribbean.	December 2022	This presentation outlines how fundamental research data will be used to inform decision markers on when and where to implement two adaptation strategies to support recovery and pre-listing conservation in Puerto Rico.
Taylor, J. C., Mitchell, W. A., J. E. Hightower, J. A. Buckel, and M. T. Pratt. 2009. Feasibility of using mobile hydroacoustic surveys for estimating spawning stock size of blueback herring in western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. Tidewater Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Wilmington, North Carolina, March 12-14, 2009.	March 2009
Tarr, N., J. K. Costanza, R. C. Abt, A. J. McKerrow, J. A. Collazo. Modeling the effects of biomass production on landscapes and wildlife habitat.	April 2016	We investigated the effects of alternative bioenergy production scenarios on landscapes and wildlife species habitat in North Carolina. We linked forest economics models, landscape state-and-transition simulation models, and species habitat models for 16 avian and amphibian species to simulate the effects of increased forest management and land conversion in bioenergy scenarios, compared with a business-as-usual baseline scenario.
Tarr, N. M., M, J. Rubino, J. K. Costanza, A. J. McKerrow, J. A. Collazo, and R. C. Abt. Gains and Losses in Wildlife Habitat from Bioenergy Production in North Carolina. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies.	November 2015	Our results show that landscape-scale impacts of bioenergy production on wildlife habitat will vary among species and depend upon the bioenergy feedstock portfolio. Landscape-scale assessments of bioenergy impacts should carefully consider species-habitat affinities and ranges when choosing focal species.
T.J. Kwak. August 20-24, 2000. Animal Waste nutrient dynamics in stream food webs: evaluation of multiple stable isotopes for detection. 130th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. St. Louis, Missouri.	January 2000
Stolen, E. D. and J. A. Collazo. 2004. Linking wading bird foraging habitat use with prey density. 6th Annual Conference Florida Wildlife Society.	April 2004
Stolen, E. D. and J. A. Collazo. 2003. The effects of prey density and group size on the foraging rates of wading birds. 5th Annual Conference of the Florida Wildlife Society.	April 2003
Stocking, J., T. Simons, A. Parsons, and A. O'Connell. 2015. Managing Native Predators To Protect Shorebirds: Evidence From An Experimental Removal Of Raccoons On The Outer Banks Of North Carolina. Waterbird Society 2015 annual meeting, Bar Harbor, Maine.	August 2015	Mammalian predation has been a primary cause of nest and chick loss for sensitive bird species on North Carolina's barrier islands. We removed half of the raccoon population on a barrier island to determine the effectiveness of a one-time partial removal for conservation of prey species of concern. There is some evidence of a short-term, local signal to the removal, but a BACI analysis of results using the nearest island indicates no response. This could result from an inappropriate control, to
Status and distribution of the American Oystercatcher. 2007 International Wader Study Group Annual Conference, Workshop on Conservation Status of Oystercatchers Around the World, La Rochelle, France, October 2007.	October 2007
Stafford, J.D., C.G Dunn, M.E. Colvin, L.E. Miranda, and D. Riecke. 2024. Influence of barrier operations on passage rates of Silver Carp throughout a floodplain network. USGS Invasive Carps Community of Practice, virtual.	August 2024	This research identified patterns in Silver Carp passage through water-control structures that will help fisheries managers control invasive species. No carp have passed through the water-control structure that is managed to limit movements of Silver Carp.
Stafford, J.D., C.G Dunn, M.E. Colvin, L.E. Miranda, and D. Riecke. 2024. Efficacy of modified barrier operations on Silver Carp movements into an impounded waterbody. Reservoir Technical Committee meeting, Chattanooga, Tennessee.	February 2024	This research will identify patterns in Silver Carp passage through water-control structures to help fisheries managers control invasive species. So far, no carp have passed through the water-control structure that is managed to limit movements of Silver Carp.
Stafford, J.D., C.G Dunn, M.E. Colvin, L.E. Miranda, and D. Riecke. 2024. A tale of two dams: evaluating efficacy of modified barrier operations on Silver Carp movements. Annual meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. Chattanooga, Tennessee.	January 2024	This research will identify patterns in Silver Carp passage through water-control structures to help fisheries managers control invasive species. So far, no carp have passed through the water-control structure that is managed to limit movements of Silver Carp.
Stafford, J.D., C.G Dunn, M.E. Colvin, L.E. Miranda, and D. Riecke. 2023. Influence of barrier operations on passage rates of Silver Carp throughout a floodplain network. Annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society. Grand Rapids, Michigan.	August 2023	This research will identify patterns in Silver Carp passage through water-control structures to help fisheries managers control invasive species. So far, no carp have passed through the water-control structure that is managed to limit movements of Silver Carp.
Spear, K.A., S.H. Schweitzer, T.R. Simons, C. Thatcher, C. Wells. 2016. Assessment of Storm Impacts on Coastal Bird Populations, Behavior, and Nesting along the Outer Banks Barrier Islands, North Carolina. Waterbird Society 2016 Annual Meeting.	September 2016	Study describes approaches for assessing storm effects on coastal waterbird populations.
Spatial and temporal variation in detectability parameters for Plethodon salamanders. Annual meeting of The Wildlife Society, Bismarck, North Dakota. September 2002 (presented by Larissa Bailey).	September 2002
Sources of measurement error, misclassification error, and bias in auditory avian point count data. 2008 International Partners in Flight Conference, McAllen, TX, February 2008.	February 2008
Sources of measurement error, misclassification error, and bias in auditory avian point count data. 2007 Midwest Fisheries and Wildlife Conference, Madison, WI, November 2007.	November 2007
Sources of measurement error, misclassification error, and bias in auditory avian point count data. 2007 EURING Technical Conference, Dunedin, New Zealand, January 2007.	January 2007
Sources of measurement error, misclassification error, and bias in auditory avian point count data. 2006. IV North American Ornithological Congress, Veracruz, Mexico. Poster.	June 2006
Smith, W.E., T.J. Kwak, and P.B. Cooney. 2013. Tropical insular fish assemblages are resilient to flood disturbance. Annual Meeting of the Tidewater Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. March 21-23, Solomons, Maryland.	March 2013	We quantified fish habitat conditions, density, and movement before and after a major flood disturbance in a Caribbean island tropical river using habitat surveys, fish sampling and population estimates, radio telemetry, and passively monitored PIT tags. The rapid recovery that we documented has implications for fisheries and ecosystem conservation and management.
Smith, W.E., T.J. Kwak, and P.B. Cooney. 2012. Tropical island fish assemblages are resilient to flood disturbance mortality. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 28-29, Raleigh, North Carolina.	February 2012
Smith, W.E., T.J. Kwak, and P.B. Cooney. 2012. Tropical insular fish assemblages are resilient to flood disturbance mortality. Invited speaker to the Best Student Paper Symposium at the 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 19-23, St. Paul, Minnesota.	August 2012
Smith, W.E., T.J. Kwak, and P.B. Cooney. 2011. Migration and management of Caribbean amphidromous fishes. 25th Annual Meeting of the Tidewater Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. March 10-12, Gloucester Point, Virginia.	March 2011
Smith, W.E., T.J. Kwak, and P.B. Cooney. 2011. Migration and management of Caribbean amphidromous fishes. 141st Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 4-8, Seattle, Washington.	September 2011
Smith, W.E. and T.J. Kwak. 2011. Population modeling to guide Caribbean freshwater riverine fishery management. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 13-16, Tampa, Florida.	January 2011
Smith, W.E. and T.J. Kwak. 2011. Population modeling to guide Caribbean freshwater riverine fishery management. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 22-23, Charlotte, North Carolina.	February 2011
Smith, W.E. and T.J. Kwak. 2010. Annual reproductive chronology of Puerto Rico native freshwater fish. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 25-28, Asheville, North Carolina. Poster presentation.	February 2010
Smith, W., F. Scharf, J. E. Hightower, and K. Craig. 2008. Fishery management and tag-return estimates of fishing mortality: an example in the NC southern flounder fishery. American Fisheries Society Meeting, Ottawa, Canada. August 17-21, 2008.	August 2008
Smith, W., F. Scharf, J. E. Hightower, and K. Craig. 2008. Fishery management and tag-return estimates of fishing mortality: an example in the NC southern flounder fishery. NC Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Greenville, North Carolina, February 19-20, 2008.	February 2008
Smith, W. E., F. S. Scharf, and J. E. Hightower. 2008. Direct estimates of F using tag-returns in North Carolina’s southern flounder gill net fishery. Annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Ottawa, ON. Oral presentation.	September 2008
Smith, J. A., and J. E. Hightower. 2008. Spawning activity and migratory characteristics of American shad and striped bass in the Cape Fear River, NC. American Fisheries Society Meeting, Ottawa, Canada. August 17-21, 2008.	August 2008
Sleezer, L.J., C.G. Dunn, M.E. Colvin, D.A. Schumann, M Wagner, D.T. Jones-Farrand, E. Rivenbark, S. McRae, and J. Gilbert. 2024. Expanding Biologists’ Toolbox for Assessing the Status of Southeastern Freshwater Fishes. USGS Friday Findings Webinar.	January 2024	This research validates an imperilment risk-assessment tool, built to assist the US Fish and Wildlife Service with Species Status Assessments for southeastern US fishes.
Simons, T.R., S.K. Felton, and T.E. Borneman. 2017. Causes of Nest Loss in American Oystercatchers; an Analysis of Video-monitored Nests. Waterbird Society 2017 Annual Meeting, Reykjavik, Iceland.	August 2017	Presentation summarizes 20 years of American Oystercatcher productivity monitoring in North Carolina. Study compares sources of nest loss derived from traditional nest monitoring methods with sources documented with continuous video monitoring.
Simons, T.R., M. L. Davis, C. McGowan, J. Cordes, and M. Lyons. 2001. Breeding status of American Oystercatchers in the eastern United States and Canada. Annual meeting of the Waterbird Society, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. November 2001.	November 2001
Simons, T.R., G.L. Farnsworth, and S.A. Shriner. 2000. Evaluating Great Smoky Mountains National Park as a population source for the Wood Thrush. American Ornithologists Union, St. Johns, Newfoundland.	January 2000
Simons, T.R., G.L. Farnsworth, and S.A. Shriner. 2000. A comparison of breeding bird communities in primary and secondary eastern deciduous forests. Society for Conservation biology, Missoula, Montana	June 2000
Simons, T.R. and T.E. Borneman. Assessing the effects of pedestrians, vehicles, and aircraft on nesting American Oystercatchers on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. 37th Waterbird Society Annual Meeting, Wilhelmhaven, Germany.	September 2013	The work contributes to our understanding of shorebird ecology and informs decisions about the managment of recreational activity on National Seashores
Simons, T.R. and S.A. Shriner. 2001. Development of predictive models from breeding bird inventory data. All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory Conference. Great Smoky Mountains National Park. November 2001. Invited	November 2001
Simons, T.R. 2015. The American Oystercatcher Working Group – 15 years of collaborative focal species research and management. Waterbird Society 2015 Annual Meeting, Bar Harbor, Maine.	August 2015	Achievements of the American Oystercatcher Working Group over the past 15 years include; the establishment of range-wide surveys, color-banding protocols, mark-resight studies, a revision of the Birds of North America species account, and new mechanisms for sharing information and data. Collaborations among state, federal, and private sector scientists, natural resource managers, and dedicated volunteers have provided insights into the biology and conservation of oystercatchers in the U.S. and
Simons, T.R, K. Pollock, and M. Alldredge. 2004. Experimental analysis of detection probabilities on avian point count censuses. Ecological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon.	August 2004
Simons, T. L. 2003. Conservation of southern Appalachian songbirds; methods, models, and emerging issues. Keynote address, Partners in Flight Annual Meeting, March, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, Virginia.	March 2003
Shriner, S.A., and T.R. Simons. 1999. Modeling habitat associations of breeding birds in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Predicting Species Occurrences: Issues of Scale and Accuracy, Snowbird, UT	October 1998
Shriner, S.A. and T.R. Simons. 2000. Habitat models for breeding songbirds in a large contiguous forest. American Ornithologists' Union, St. Johns, Newfoundland	August 2000
Shoemaker, D.J., L.E. Miranda, C.G. Dunn, R.P. Boyles, and K.M. Hunt. 2023. Challenges evaluating reservoir fish habitats in a changing climate. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Grand Rapids, Michigan.	August 2023	We assess distribution of invasive carps in the Lower Mississippi River to develop control strategy.
Schwarzer, A, J. A. Collazo, J. Brush, F. Percival. 2011. Demographic Rates and Energetics of Red Knots Wintering in Florica. American Ornithologist Union, August 24-29, Jacksonville, FL.	August 2011
Schmidt, R. E., B. M. Jessop, and J. E. Hightower. May 2001. River herrings (Alosa aestivalis, A. psuedoharengus) in their native ranges. Shad 2001: A Conference on the Status and Conservation of Shads Worldwide. Baltimore, MD.	May 2001
Saracco, James F., J. A. Collazo, and Martha J. Groom. July/2001, Spatial Patterns of Fruit Abundance and Avian Frugivory in a Puerto Rican Forest. Caribbean Ornithol. Society Meeting	July 2001
Saracco, J. F., J. A. Collazo, and M. J. Groom. 2000. Fruit neighborhoods and spatial variation in visitation to a bird-dispersed tree.	July 2000
Sampling Plethodontid salamanders: sources of variability. Society for Conservation Biology, Canterbury, England. July 2002	July 2002
Sackett, D.K., M. Rubino, C. Lee-Pow, M. Law, D.D. Aday, W.G. Cope, S. Kullman, J.A. Rice, and T.J. Kwak. 2012. Measuring sources of endocrine disrupting compounds in North Carolina waterways: a GIS-based sampling approach for studies on intersex fish. 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 19-23, St. Paul, Minnesota.	August 2012
Rudershausen, P., T. Dubriel, M. ODonnell, J. A. Buckel, B. Letcher, and J. E. Hightower. 2011. Use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag antennas to monitor movements of mummichogs Fundulus heteroclitus in a tidal saltwater creek. 141th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Seattle, WA, September 4-8, 2011.	September 2011
Rudershausen, P. J., T. Dubriel, M. J. O’Donnell, J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, B. H. Letcher, and S. J. Poland. 2012. Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to estimate movement and survival of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) in an estuarine tidal creek. Tidewater Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Beaufort, North Carolina, March 8-10, 2012.	March 2012
Rudershausen, P. J., J. E. Tuomokowski, J. A. Buckel, and J. E. Hightower. 2004. Diet and selectivity of age-1 striped bass in the western Albermarle Sound, NC. 18th Annual Meeting of the Tidewater Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Salisbury, Maryland, January 8-10, 2004	January 2004
Rudershausen, P. J., J. A. Buckel, and J.E. Hightower. 2014. Estimating reef fish discard mortality using surface and bottom tagging: effects of hook injury, barotrauma, and multiple captures. 144th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Québec City, Québec. August 17-21, 2014.	August 2014	Discard mortality is a significant assessment and management issue for deep-water marine fishes. We demonstrate a method using surface- and bottom-tagging for estimating mortality.
Rudershausen, P. J., J. A. Buckel, and J.E. Hightower. 2014. Discard mortality of a U.S. South Atlantic reef fish estimated from surface and bottom tagging. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Charleston, South Carolina. January 22-26, 2014.	January 2014	This study provides information useful for management of black sea bass. It also provides a new approach for obtaining unbiased estimates of discard mortality.
Rudershausen, P. J., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, M. A. Dueker, T. Dubreuil, M. J. O’Donnell, S. J. Poland, and B. H. Letcher. Submitted for FSP. Comparison of mummichog abundance among anthropogenically altered saltmarsh creeks in coastal North Carolina, USA. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Charleston, South Carolina. January 22-26, 2014.	January 2014	This study examines the use of a tolerant estuarine fish as a potential indicator of ecosystem health. It also illustrates the use of PIT tagging to determine survival and abundance of a small fish within brackish tidal creeks.
Rudershausen, P. J., T. Dubriel, M.J. O’Donnell, J.A. Buckel1, J.E. Hightower, and B.H. Letcher. 2011. Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to estimate movement and survival of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) in a saltwater estuary. Southeast Tidal Creeks Summit, Charleston, SC. December 5-6, 2011.	December 2011
Rose, E.T. and T.R. Simons. 2014. Using spacecraft, aircraft, and field observations to identify patterns in bird distribution following changes in fire management. 2014 Annual meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the Wildlife Society.	February 2014	Work assesses the effects of a long term prescribed fire program in a National Park. Forest songbirds are used as a model to assess fire effects on the vertebrate community.
Rose, E.T. and T.R. Simons. Predicting bird distributions in southern Appalachian forests using remotely sensed fire severity indices. International Congress for Conservation Biology, Baltimore, Maryland.	July 2013	This research is helping the National Park Service evalute the effects of its prescribed fire program in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Rose, E.T. and T.R. Simons. 2014. Understanding long-term trends in bird occurrence following an increase in the prevalence of fire on a southern Appalachian landscape. American Ornithologists' Union, Annual Meeting, Fr. Collins, Colorado.	September 2014	Reports on three years of field work in Great Smoky Mountains National Park assessing the role of prescribed fire in shaping breeding bird communities.
Rogers, S., J. A. Collazo, and C. A. Drew. 2011. King Rail (Rallus elegans) occupancy, reproductive activity, and habitat selection in coastal marshes of North Carolina and Virginia. Southeast Partners in Flight Annual Meeting, March 1-3, 2011, Lexington, KY.	March 2011
Rivera-Milán, F.F., J. Wunderle, Jr., T. H. White, Jr., J. A. Collazo, A. J. Martínez, A. Matos, D. Guzmán, L. L. Fidalgo-De Souza, and A. C. Cruz Mendoza. 2022. Puerto Rico’s landbird and waterbird population dynamics: maximum population growth rates and resilience to major hurricanes. Presented at AOS/BC in session entitled Puerto Rico Day: Bird diversity and conservation in the “island of enchantment." San Juan, PR.	June 2022	This work evaluates the resiliency of native and endemic species from Puerto Rico to hurricanes.
Rivera-Milan, F. F., J. Wunderle, Jr., T. H. White, Jr., J. A. Collazo, A. J. Martínez, A. Matos, D. Guzmán, F. Simal, J. Haakonsson, V. Bodden, H. Madden, J. Gerbracht, L. L. Fidalgo-De Souza, A. C. Cruz Mendoza, and A. Davis. 2022. Population dynamics, maximum population growth rates, and resilience of Caribbean birds to extreme weather events. To be presented at the AOS/BC conference. San Juan, PR.	June 2022	Motivated by climate change and the frequency of extreme weather events, we monitored and modeled the population dynamics and compared the resilience of Caribbean birds.
Rivera-Burgos, A. C., J. A. Collazo, and A. J. Terando. 2018. Coping with extreme weather events in Puerto Rico: amphibian research and hurricane Maria. SE Climate and Adaptation Science Center Newsletter.	October 2018	We describe the rationale, scope and preliminary findings of research aimed at assessing factors affecting abundance and distribution of Eleutherodactylus amphibians in Puerto Rico. We describe the study design and changes in the aftermath of hurricane Maria.
Rivera, D, NJ Hostetter, J Collazo, R Bell. Assessing Species Boundaries in Antillean Four-lined Skinks (Spondylurus) Using Whole Genome Data. Joint Meeting of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Norfolk VA, USA. 12-16 July 2023.	July 2023	We conducted surveys across Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands to assess presence, document ecology, and evaluate taxonomic status and species boundaries of skinks from the genus <i>Spondylurus.</i>
Rivera, D, NJ Hostetter, J Collazo, R Bell. Assessing Species Boundaries in Antillean Four-lined Skinks (Spondylurus) Using Whole Genome Data. Evolution 2023. Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. 21-25 June2023.	June 2023	We conducted surveys across Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands to assess presence, document ecology, and evaluate taxonomic status and species boundaries of skinks from the genus <i>Spondylurus.</i>
Rivera, D, JB Henderson, AW Lam, NJ Hostetter, JA Collazo, RC Bell. 2024. High-quality, chromosome-level reference genomes of the viviparous Caribbean skinks Spondylurus nitidus and S. culebrae. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. June 2024.	June 2024	We present genomic resources describing new chromosome-level reference genomes for the Puerto Rican Skink <i>Spondylurus nitidus</i> and the Culebra Skink <i>S. culebrae</i>.
Rivera, D, JB Henderson, AW Lam, NJ Hostetter, JA Collazo, RC Bell. 2024. High-quality, chromosome-level reference genomes of the viviparous Caribbean skinks Spondylurus nitidus and S. culebrae. Joint Meeting of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. July 2024.	July 2024	We present genomic resources describing new chromosome-level reference genomes for the Puerto Rican Skink <i>Spondylurus nitidus</i> and the Culebra Skink <i>S. culebrae</i>.
Ricks, B. R., and J. E. Hightower. 2004. Evaluation of a denil fishway on a North Carolina blackwater creek. North Carolina Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Asheville, NC, Feb. 4-5, 2004.	February 2004
Ricks, B. R., J. E. Hightower, and A. M. Wicker. 2004. Preliminary assessment of an Alaska steeppass fishway on a North Carolina blackwater creek. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. October 31-November 3, 2004.	November 2004
Reich, BJ, NM Bacheler, JA Buckel, BR Goldstein, K Pacifici, WF Patterson III, E Schliep, KW Shertzer, V Zulian, NJ Hostetter. Estimation of US Atlantic Red Snapper Abundance using Bayesian spatial modeling. American Fisheries Society. Honolulu, Hawaii. 16-19 September 2024.	September 2024	We describe a modelling approach to estimate red snapper abundance by integrating multiple types of count data.
Read, A. N., and J. E. Hightower. 2004. Assessment tool for identifying American shad spawning and nursery habitat. North Carolina Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Asheville, NC, Feb. 4-5, 2004.	February 2004
Read, A. N., and J. E. Hightower. 2004. Assessment tool for identifying American shad spawning and nursery habitat. 134th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Madison, WI, August 22-26, 2004.	August 2004
Range Dynamics of North American Landbirds: Tests and Predictive Modeling. J. D. Nichols, J. A. Collazo and A. J. Terando.	June 2010
Raley, M.E., W.C. Starnes, G.M. Hogue, A.C. Engman, and T.J. Kwak. 2017. The Sirajo Shuffle: a systematic study to identify resident species of enigmatic amphidromous waterfall-climbing Sicydium gobies in Puerto Rico. Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Fishes Council. November 16-17, Cattanooga, Tennessee.	November 2017	We present taxonomic data from over 500 specimens of Sicydium collected from 16 sites across the island of Puerto Rico in 2011. Both dentition and DNA barcoding was used to assign individuals to species. While dentition supports recognition of 4 known species, DNA only identified 3 of these as valid taxonomic assignments.
Rafael Chaparro¹, Ana C. Rivera¹, Eloy Martinez², Adam J Terando³, Mitch J. Eaton³, and Jaime A. Collazo. 2023. Thermal limits of coqui frogs in Puerto Rico: implications for conservation. 7th Symposium of Puerto Rican Herpetology. September 13, University of Puerto Rico, Arecibo.	September 2023	There is no indication of imminent risk of frogs reaching thermal limits, but an increasing risk of exposure to elevated sub-lethal temperatures. Understanding the effects of sub-lethal temperatures on metabolic performance of coqui frogs is needed to help formulate climate change adaptation strategies.
Rafael Chaparro, Ana C. Rivera, Eloy Martinez, Adam J Terando, Mitch J. Eaton, and Jaime A. Collazo. 2023. Foundational data to support Climate Adaptation of Eleutherodactylus Frogs in Puerto Rico. To be presented at SEAFWA Conference, Oct. 2023.	July 2023	Projected global warming and drying are considered dominant threats to anurans globally. We used occupancy models, laboratory experiments, and global climate models to understand factors influencing habitat quality, abundance and distribution of <i>Eleutherodactylus </i>frogs (aka coquí) in Puerto Rico to amass foundational data for a bottom-up approach to support adaptation strategies.
Radwell, A. and T.J. Kwak. 2001. Establishing reference conditions and assessing ecological integrity: multidimensional scaling of Ozark rivers. 49th Annual Meeting of the North American Benthological Society. June 2-8, La Crosse, Wisconsin.	June 2001
Radwell, A. and T.J. Kwak. 2000. Ecological integrity assessment of Ozark rivers to determine suitability for protective status. Conference on Water Quality and Conservation Issues in the White River Basin. November 1-2, Mountain Home, Arkansas.	November 2000
Radwell, A. and T.J. Kwak. 2000. Ecological integrity assessment of Ozark rivers to determine suitability for protective status. 27th Annual Natural Areas Conference, October 16-20, St. Louis, Missouri.	October 2000
Raburn, D.M., H. Ahmad, P.F. Allison Jr., S.B. Adams, Z.C. Barnett, R. Garrick, K.A. Sterling, S. Cathey, M.E. Colvin, and C.G. Dunn. 2024. Uncharted waters: high-resolution stream networks reveal hidden habitats for petitioned headwater crayfishes. North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society.	February 2024	Using a high-resolution stream network we identified 64 new localities for <i>Hobbseus </i>crayfishes in various ecosystems within the Tibbee Creek watershed. Streams that are temporarily wetted and small in size are often not depicted on maps, yet we found they supported the highest abundances of rivulet crayfishes, highlighting the importance of these unmapped streams as valuable habitat.
Raburn, D, M., H. Ahmad, P. Allison Jr., S.B. Adams, Z.C. Barnett, R. Garrick, K.A. Sterling, S. Cathey, M.E. Colvin, & C.G. Dunn. 2024. Uncharted waters: high-resolution stream networks reveal hidden habitats for petitioned headwater crayfishes. Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society.	January 2024	Using a high-resolution stream network we identified 64 new localities for <i>Hobbseus </i>crayfishes in various ecosystems within the Tibbee Creek watershed. Streams that are temporarily wetted and small in size are often not depicted on maps, yet we found they supported the highest abundances of rivulet crayfishes, highlighting the importance of these unmapped streams as valuable habitat.
Raburn, D, H. Ahmad, P. Allison Jr., S.B. Adams, Z.C. Barnett, R. Garrick, K.A. Sterling, S. Cathey, M.E. Colvin, & C.G. Dunn. 2024. Uncharted waters: high-resolution stream networks reveal hidden habitats for petitioned headwater crayfishes. Mississippi Crayfish Working Group Meeting, Moss Point, MS	January 2024	Using a high-resolution stream network we identified 64 new localities for <i>Hobbseus </i>crayfishes in various ecosystems within the Tibbee Creek watershed. Streams that are temporarily wetted and small in size are often not depicted on maps, yet we found they supported the highest abundances of rivulet crayfishes, highlighting the importance of these unmapped streams as valuable habitat.
Raabe, J. K., and J. E. Hightower. 2011. Habitat use and survival of American shad following dam removals on a North Carolina river. 141th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Seattle, WA, September 4-8, 2011.	September 2011
Raabe, J. K., and J. E. Hightower. 2011. Behavior of migratory fishes in a North Carolina river following dam removals. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Tampa, Florida, January 13-16.	January 2011
Raabe, J. K., and J. E. Hightower. 2011. Behavior of migratory fishes in a North Carolina river following dam removals. North Carolina Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Charlotte, North Carolina, February 22-23.	February 2011
Raabe, J. K., and J. E. Hightower. 2013. Introduced flathead catfish migrations and potential predation impact in a North Carolina river. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Nashville, Tennessee, February 7-10, 2013.	February 2013	This study documents the potential impact of flathead catfish, an invasive predator, on American shad. The estimated level of predation mortality would substantially affect efforts to restore American shad runs.
Raabe, J. K., and J. E. Hightower. 2012. Restored habitat use by migratory fishes following complete and partial dam removals. NC Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Raleigh, North Carolina, February 28-29, 2012.	February 2012
Raabe, J. K., and J. E. Hightower. 2010. Evaluating benefits to American shad of habitat restored by dam removals. American Fisheries Society, 140th Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, September 12 – 16, 2010.	September 2010
Raabe, J. K., and J. E. Hightower. 2009. Assessing benefits to American shad of habitat restored by dam removals. American Fisheries Society, Nashville, Tennessee, August 30-September 3, 2009.	September 2009
Raabe, J. K., T. A. Ellis, and J. E. Hightower. 2014. Evaluation of fish passage following installation of a rock arch rapids at lock and dam #1, Cape Fear River, North Carolina. 2014 International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage (Fish Passage 2014), Madison, Wisconsin, June 9-11, 2014.	June 2014	Rock arch rapids are a relatively new method of fish passage, but the approach has not been evaluated on east coast dams and anadromous species.
Raabe, J. K., T. A. Ellis, and J. E. Hightower. 2014. Effectiveness of a rock arch rapids for fish passage at a lock and dam on a large coastal river. 144th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Québec City, Québec. August 17-21, 2014.	August 2014	Fish passage is important in restoring habitat above dams. This is the first test of a rock arch rapids on the East Coast and for anadromous species.
Raabe, J. K., B. Gardner, and J. E. Hightower. 2012. A spatial capture – recapture model to estimate fish survival and migration patterns from linear telemetry arrays. 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, August 19-23, 2012.	August 2012
R.J. Heise, W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, and C.B. Eads. 2010. Techniques for restoring imperiled aquatic species: assessing the effects of dam removal on a freshwater mussel assemblage. Invited speaker to a symposium on the “Restoration of Nongame Species” at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 25-28, Asheville, North Carolina.	February 2010
R. R. Borkhataria, P. Frederick, A. L. Bryan, J. Beerens, J. A. Collazo, C. Saunders. 2015. Everglades hydrology influences population dynamics of wood storks in the southeastern U.S. 100th ESA Annual Meeting Baltimore, Maryland. August 9 – 14, 2015	August 2015	Hydrological changes in the Florida Everglades and subsequent declines in habitat quality and prey availability has been linked to dramatic declines in Everglades of the wood stork (Mycteria americana). Preliminary results indicate that persistence increased with habitat suitability. Increasing HSI by 50% more than doubled the number of chicks produced in the Everglades and increased the size of the SE US population by roughly 8%.
Quist, M. C., M. E. Mather, D. L. Parrish, S. R. Chipps, T. J. Kwak, and C. P. Paukert. 2013. The voices of reality: why effective fisheries education is challenging and practical ways to move forward. 143 rd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Little Rock, Arkansas, September 11. Platform	September 2013	This work review how academic programs are integrating with thew needs to state and federal agencies
Post, B. C., M. Loeffler, C. Collier, J. E. Hightower, and D. L. Peterson. Submitted for FSP. Use of ultrasonic telemetry to monitor sturgeon movement: a multistate approach. 144th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Québec City, Québec. August 17-21, 2014.	August 2014	This study demonstrates the benefits of a multistate collaborative research approach in documenting large-scale movements of two endangered sturgeon species.
Popp, A., W.G. Cope, M. McGregor, L. Koch, T.J. Kwak, T. Augspurger, and J.F. Levine. 2016. Does mussel culture propagation method influence juvenile chemical sensitivity? 7th World Congress and Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America 37th Annual Meeting. November 6-10, Orlando, Florida.	November 2016	The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative sensitivity of juvenile mussels produced from two propagation methods to selected chemical toxicants. Our results indicate that in vitro propagated juvenile mussels may be appropriate for use in ASTM-based toxicity testing.
Popp, A., W.G. Cope, M. McGregor , L. Koch, T.J. Kwak, T. Augspurger, and J.F. Levine.. 2017. A comparison of in vitro and in vivo propagated juvenile mussels: do propagation method and age influence juvenile chemical sensitivity? Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 15-16, New Bern, North Carolina.	February 2017	The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relative sensitivity of juvenile mussels from two propagation methods (in vitro and in vivo) to selected chemical toxicants and at multiple ages post-transformation. Our findings demonstrated that both fish-transformed and in vitro transformed juveniles may be appropriate for use in standardized toxicity testing.
Popp, A., W.G. Cope, M. McGregor , L. Koch, T.J. Kwak, T. Augspurger, and J.F. Levine. 2016. Assessing the influence of propagation and culture methods on juvenile mussel chemical sensitivity: implications for conservation. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. March 14-17, Danville, Virginia.	March 2016	The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative sensitivity of in vitro and in vivo produced juvenile mussels to certain chemical toxicants. While statistically different, four of the five tests were within a two-fold difference, which has been demonstrated by others to be within normal variation for intra-laboratory toxicity testing with juvenile mussels.
Popp, A., W. G. Cope, M. McGregor , L. Koch, T. J. Kwak, T. Augspurger, and J. F. Levine. 2017. Is juvenile mussel chemical sensitivity influenced by propagation method and age? A comparison of in vitro and in vivo propagated juveniles. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled "Ecosystems, Engineering, Valuation, and Practice – The Roles of Freshwater Mollusks in a Changing Environment" at the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Annual Meeting. March 26-30, Cleveland, Ohio.	March 2017	The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relative sensitivity of juvenile mussels from two propagation methods (in vitro and in vivo) to selected chemical toxicants and at multiple ages post-transformation. Our findings demonstrated that both fish-transformed and in vitro transformed juveniles may be appropriate for use in standardized toxicity testing.
Pollock, K.H., G.L. Farnsworth, T.R. Simons, J.D. Nichols, and J.R. Sauer. 2001. Comparison of distance, multiple observers, and time depletion methods of estimating detection probabilities in variable circular plots. First International Distance Conference, St. Andrews, Scotland.	July 2001
Pollock, K. H., H. Jiang, J. M. Hoenig, C. Brownie, J. E. Hightower, J. B. Dempson, B. Wells, R. J. Latour. 2004. Parsimonious age-dependent fisheries tagging models. 134th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Madison, WI, August 22-26, 2004.	August 2004
Plasma lipid metabolites and refueling performance at four stopovers along the migratory route of Semipalmated Sandpipers.	April 2005
Pine, W.E., T.J. Kwak, and J.A. Rice. 2004. Modeling management scenarios and the impact of introduced flathead catfish on native fishes. Invited speaker to a symposium on Ecology and management of catfishes at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 26-29, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.	February 2004
Pine, W.E., III, T.J. Kwak, and J.R. Rice. 2002. Abundance and movement of introduced riverine flathead catfish in Contentnea Creek, North Carolina: analysis of capture-recapture and radio telemetry data. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 5-6, Huntersville, North Carolina.	February 2002
Pine, W.E., III, D.S. Waters, T.J. Kwak, and J.R. Rice. 2003. Estimating population size of a mobile exotic catfish in coastal rivers. Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 13-16, Wilmington, North Carolina.	February 2003
Pine, W.E., III, D.S. Waters, T.J. Kwak, and J.R. Rice. 2003. Estimating population size of a highly mobile piscivorous fish in coastal rivers. 133rd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 10-14, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.	August 2003
Pickens, B., C. Ashton Drew, L. Alexander-Vaughn, A. Keister, R. Mordecai, J. A. Collazo. Assessing the Role of Indicators and Connectivity for Conservation Planning of Southeastern U.S. Pine Woodlands and Savanna. 9th IALE World Congress, Portland, OR	July 2015	Systematic conservation planning efforts are valuable for efficiently allocating conservation actions given the restraints of limited resources. We used Zonation to conduct optimizations of the pine ecosystem to produce a spatial prioritization at a relatively fine scale.
Pickens, B. A., P. Taillie, S. Anderson, J. Carpenter, J. F. Marcus, and J. A. Collazo. Advancing Species Distribution Models to Identify Optimal Restoration Sites for Bachman's Sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis). Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies.	November 2015	We used spatial data to quantify species–habitat relationships, develop a species distribution model for North Carolina, and use a fire scenario to identify areas that could be readily converted to Bachman's Sparrow habitat. The fire scenario demonstrated that many areas near existing habitat could benefit Bachman's Sparrow with the reintroduction of fire.
Pharr, LD, C Cooper, C Moorman, NJ Hostetter, C Sorenson, J Walters. 2024. Effects of Territory Density and Helper Sex Ratio on Red-cockaded Woodpecker Productivity. The Wildlife Society. Baltimore, Maryland. 19-23 October 2024.	October 2024	We investigated how changes in Red-cockaded Woodpecker reproduction are affected by various factors including territory size and helper sex ratios.
Penland, T.N., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, M.J. Strynar, C.A. Grieshaber, R.J. Heise, and F.W. Sessions. 2019. Assessing the trophic dynamics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the food web of a southeastern USA Atlantic Slope river. SETAC North America Focused Topic Meeting: Environmental Risk Assessment of PFAS. August 12-15, Durham, North Carolina.	August 2019	We assessed the accumulation and trophic transfer of 14 PFASs within the food web of the Yadkin-Pee Dee River of North Carolina and South Carolina, USA. Our findings demonstrate the prevalence of PFASs in a freshwater food web with potential implications for ecological and human health.
Penland, T.N., C.A. Grieshaber, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, and F.W. Sessions. 2017. Food web structure and contaminant trophodynamics of an Atlantic drainage large river system. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 2-5, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.	February 2017	The objectives of this research were to determine the aquatic food web structure and trophic transfer and accumulation of contaminants within a riverine food web. Our results identified basal resources that support consumers and contaminant pathways and accumulation through the riverine food web, potentially threatening the health of fish and other biota.
Penland, T.N., C.A. Grieshaber, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, and F.W. Sessions. 2017. Contaminant dynamics in the food web of a large southeastern regulated river: implications for common and imperiled species. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 15-16, New Bern, North Carolina.	February 2017	The objectives of this research were to determine the aquatic food web structure and trophic transfer and accumulation of contaminants within a riverine food web. Our results identified basal resources that support consumers and contaminant pathways and accumulation through the riverine food web, potentially threatening the health of fish and other biota.
Penland, T.N., C.A. Grieshaber, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, and F.W. Sessions. 2016. Food web structure and contaminant trophodynamics of a freshwater riverine system: implications for an imperiled sucker species. 146th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 21-25, Kansas City, Missouri.	August 2016	The objectives of this research were to determine the aquatic food web structure and trophic transfer and accumulation of contaminants within the food web of an imperiled sucker species, the Robust Redhorse (Moxostoma robustum), inhabiting a southeastern U.S. river. Our results show which basal resources support the imperiled sucker and other consumers and how contaminants accumulate and transfer through the riverine food web, potentially threatening the health of rare or intolerant species.
Pender, D.R. and T.J. Kwak. January 11-12, 2000. Factors influencing brown trout reproductive success in Ozark tailwater rivers. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. New Hill, North Carolina.	January 2000
Pender, D.R. and T.J. Kwak. 2001. Brown trout spawning habitat suitability and patch size: a GIS analysis. 131st Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 19-23, Phoenix, Arizona.	August 2001
Pearson, S.R. and T.R. Simons. 1999 Spatial analysis of stopover habitats of Neotropical migratory birds. Predicting Species Occurrences: Issues of Scale and Accuracy, Snowbird, UT	October 1999
Patton, P. T., K. Pacifici, and J.A. Collazo. MODELING AND ESTIMATING CO-OCCURRENCE BETWEEN GENERALIST BROOD PARASITES AND HOST COMMUNITIES.	July 2017	We developed three models that allw ecologists to explore questions about host/parasite co-occurrence while acknowledging all potential host species and critical uncertainties.
Patton, P. T., K. Pacifici, and J. A. Collazo. 2016. Joint host–brood parasite occurrence models can improve predictions and reveal ecological traps. International Statistical Ecology Conference.	June 2016	Joint host–brood parasite occurrence models can improve predictions and reveal ecological traps
Patton, P. T., K. Pacifici, and J. A. Collazo. 2016. Incorporating multiple sources of error in hierarchical models of community occupancy. Contributed Presentation on the 23rd Annual Conference, Wildlife Society, Raleigh.	October 2016	Occupancy estimates may produce biases induced by false positive detections, but community-levels might handle be less prone to them as it benefits from multi-species data. We showed that community-level occupancy models are also prone to biases in the same way as single species models.
Patch Occupancy Dynamics of the Browh-headed Nuthatch: discriminating between patterns and process to inform conservation planning. USIALE	April 2009
Patch Dynamics and climate indicators: on the potential of occupancy models to assess climate impacts. USIALE.	April 2010
Parsons, A.W., T.R. Simons, A.F. O'Connell, K. Pollock, M.K. Stoskopf, and J.J. Stocking 2015. Evaluating Assumptions of Mark-Resight Models: An Island Case Study. The Wildlife Society 2015 Annual Meeting, Manitoba, Canada.	October 2015	We found several sources of bias due to heterogeneity of encounter probabilities in our study, including camera placement, animal movement, island physiography, and animal behavior. We explicitly accounted for a almost all sources of heterogeneity using [non-spatial] mark-resight models that generated estimates similar to a spatially-explicit mark-resight model developed for the same population (and location), but using only a single sampling period, in effect a pilot analysis.
Pandolfo,T.J., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, and R.B. Nichols. 2013. Modeling environmental effects on the occupancy of common and imperiled freshwater mussels at multiple spatial scales. Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. March 10-14, Guntersville, Alabama.	March 2013	We developed models to predict the occupancy of common and imperiled freshwater mussels. These ecological associations and identification of environmental variables that potentially influence the distribution of freshwater mussels are valuable information to guide future research and inform the conservation and management of these imperiled organisms in the context of global change.
Pandolfo, T.J., T.J. Kwak, and W.G. Cope. 2012. Thermal tolerances of freshwater mussels and their host fishes: species interactions in a changing climate. Invited speaker to the Best Student Paper Symposium at the 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 19-23, St. Paul, Minnesota.	August 2012
Pandolfo, T.J., T.J. Kwak, and W.G. Cope. 2012. Thermal tolerances of freshwater mussels and their host fishes: species interactions in a changing climate. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 28-29, Raleigh, North Carolina.	February 2012
Pandolfo, T.J., T.J. Kwak, and W.G. Cope. 2012. Thermal tolerances of freshwater mussels and their host fishes: species interactions in a changing climate. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Biennial Workshop. April 19-20, Athens, Georgia. Poster presentation.	April 2012
Pandolfo, T.J., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, and R.B. Nichols. 2011. Modeling effects of climate and land use changes on common and imperiled freshwater mussel occurrence in the Tar River Basin, North Carolina. 7th Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. April 11-15, Louisville, Kentucky.	April 2011
Pandolfo, T.J., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, and R.B. Nichols. 2011. Microhabitat suitability of common and imperiled Atlantic Slope freshwater mussels. 141st Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 4-8, Seattle, Washington.	September 2011
Pandolfo, T.J., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, R.B. Nichols, and K. Pacifici. 2015. Biotic and abiotic influences on the occurrence and detection of freshwater mussels at multiple scales. Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. March 22-27, St. Charles, Missouri.	March 2015	We examined effects of biotic and abiotic factors at multiple spatial scales on the occurrence of 14 mussel species and the entire assemblage of the Tar River basin of North Carolina. Our findings reflect the complexity of mussel biology and ecology and indicate that habitat restoration alone may not be adequate for mussel conservation.
Palmieri, M., L.E. Miranda, C. Dunn, L. Burger, and D. Riecke. 2023. Invasive bigheaded carp distribution patterns in lakes of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Grand Rapids, Michigan.	August 2023	We assess distribution of invasive carps in the Lower Mississippi River to develop control strategy.
Palmieri, M. L.E. Miranda. C.G. Dunn, L. Burger, and D. Riecke. 2024. Bigheaded carp distribution patterns in oxbow lakes of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Chattanooga, Tennessee.	February 2024	We estimate distribution of bigheaded carp in the MAV. This information is needed to plan future studies.
Palmieri, M. L.E. Miranda. C.G. Dunn, L. Burger, and D. Riecke. 2024. Bigheaded carp distribution patterns in oxbow lakes of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Tupelo, Mississippi.	February 2024	We estimate distribution of bigheaded carp in the MAV. This information is needed to plan future studies.
Page, J. H., J. A. Collazo, A. J. McKerrow, and K. Pacifici. 2019. Using remotely-sensed data to assess landscape occupancy dynamics of forest dwelling passerines along the Gulf of Mexico.	April 2019	We showed that from 2000-12 patch occupancy for 3 focal species were more sensitive to local extinction than to colonization processes. Occupancy parameters for each species were influenced differently by generic forest cover and cover of optimal habitat, underscoring the value of our kind of assessment to help guide strategic habitat conservation to keep local patch extinction rates at their lowest possible levels.
Pacifici, K., E. Zipkin, J. Collazo and J. Irizarry. Guidelines for a priori grouping of species in hierarchical community models.	April 2013	Quantifying community dynamics is necessary to assess potential impact from anthropogenic activities and natural disturbances.
Pacifici, K., B. J. Reich, D. A.W. Miller, B. Gardner, G. Stauffer, S. Singh, A. McKerrow, and J. Collazo. 2016. Integrating multiple data sources in species distribution modeling: A framework for data fusion. International Statistical Ecology Conference, Seattle, WA.	June 2016	We outline a continuum of strategies for integrating data, each of which treat data from standardized sampling protocols as a benchmark while integrating information available for non-standardized data types. We demonstrate a range of approaches, all of which improved predictions relative to a single data set.
Observer Expectation; an Overlooked Source of Bias in Repeated Count Surveys. North American Ornithological Conference, Vancouver, BC, August 2012	August 2012
Oakley, N.C., and J. E. Hightower. 2003. Status of shortnose sturgeon in the Neuse River, North Carolina. 133rd Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Quebec City, Canada.	August 2003
Oakley, N. C., and J. E. Hightower. 2003. Status of shortnose sturgeon in the Neuse River, North Carolina. 2003 Spring Meeting, Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Wilmington, North Carolina.	February 2003
Nolker, A. and T.R. Simons. 2013. Response of mockingbird vocalizations to thirty years of anthropogenic change. NC Chapter of The Wildlife Society. 2013 annual meeting, Colombia, NC.	February 2013	Research is examining the effects of anthropogenic noise and habitat change on breeding bird community structure.
Nastase, E.A., and J. A. Collazo. Determining Henslow’s Sparrow (Centronyx henslowii) presence and distribution in North Carolina. Society for Conservation GIS. Virtual Conference.	August 2023	We used acoustic sampling to conduct a landscape scale survey of HESP throughout eastern North Carolina. In 2021 and 2022, I surveyed for HESP presence/absence at a suite of sites based on habitat suitability analysis using GIS. Pattern matching analysis yielded no matches for HESP vocalizations at any survey site. The VOAGL and VOA-Site B continue to be the only known breeding location for HESP in North Carolina.
Nastase, E.A., N.J. Hostetter, K. Pacifici, A.J. McKerrow, and J.A. Collazo. 2024. Multi-scale assessment of Henslow’s Sparrow (Centronyx henslowii) habitat use in a fire-managed grassland. 2024 AOS Annual Meeting, YMCA of the Rockies, Estes Park, Colorado. 1–5 October 2024.	October 2024	This work looks at the response of Henslow's Sparrow to a 3-year fire rotation scheme, and at habitat selected from landscape levels to the nest site. Our study suggests a three-year fire rotation is adequate to maintain a growing sparrow population, with highest benefits two-years post-burn, and sparrows are making selections based on broad-level patterns in landscape and vegetation structure, and exhibiting an affinity for patches increasingly devoid of woody vegetation for nest placement.
Nastase, E.A., J.A. Collazo, and E.D. Stolen. 2023. Population growth and influence of prescribed fire intervals on Henslow’s Sparrow abundance in a North Carolina grassland ecosystem. Ecological Society of America.	August 2023	Our assessment describes a growing population, positively responding to the current 3-year fire rotation. Population growth could be enhanced by increasing the number of units/year at the 2-year post-burn stage available to sparrows.
Nastase, E. A. and J. A. Collazo. 2023. Developing a status assessment of the Henslow's Sparrow in North Carolina to guide strategic management and enhance its statewide persistence. Poster at NCTWS, Dogwood on Lake Norman located in Sherrills Ford, NC. February 7-9.	February 2023	The work is an outline of how to go about building foundational data for species status assessments, and guide management of rare species.
Myers, B.J.E., T.J. Krabbenhoft, J.P. Wong, C. Chu, R.W. Tingley III, J.A. Falke, T.J. Kwak, C.P. Paukert, and A.J. Lynch. 2020. The Fish and Climate Change (FiCli) Database informs climate change adaptation and management actions for freshwater fishes. 150th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 14-25, Virtual Meeting.	September 2020	We conducted an extensive, systematic primary literature review to identify peer-reviewed journal publications describing projected and documented examples of climate change impacts on inland fishes. From this standardized Fish and Climate Change database, FiCli (pronounced fick-lee), researchers and managers can query fish families, species, response types, or geographic locations to obtain summary information on inland fish responses to climate change and recommended management actions.
Myers, B. J. E., A. J. Lynch, T. J. Krabbenhoft, R. P. Kovach, T. J. Kwak, J. A. Falke, C. Chu, D. B. Bunnell, C. P. Paukert. Global synthesis of climate change effects on inland fish. August 2016. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting. Kansas City, Missouri.	August 2016	Climate change effects on inland fish manifest in non-linear and often confounding ways over varying ecoregions and time-scales. Providing current global trends in fish responses to climate change by ecological and thermal guild will help managers anticipate future changes in fish populations and develop more strategic management plans for individual species and groups.
Myers B.J.E., T.J. Kwak, A.C. Engman, J.R. Fischer, A. Ramírez, and A.J. Lynch. 2019. Impacts of extreme weather events on growth of two Caribbean native stream fishes. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Climate Change Impacts on Fishery and Wildlife Management” at the Joint Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society. September 29-October 3, Reno, Nevada.	September 2019	To test if acutely severe drought and hurricanes affect fish growth, we determined growth responses in two native, amphidromous species (Mountain Mullet Agonostomus monticola and Bigmouth Sleeper Gobiomorus dormitor) in the Río Mameyes, Puerto Rico, using empirical age and growth information from mountain mullet (N=185) and bigmouth sleeper (N=214) spines. Both the 2015 drought and Hurricane Maria in 2017 events were captured in the age and growth data. Documenting the impact of severe disturba
Mosher, S., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, and D. Shea. 2008. Biomarkers of lead exposure in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata for assessing transportation related impacts. 17th Annual Meeting of the Carolinas Chapter of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. April 3-5, Morehead City, North Carolina.	April 2008
Mosher, S., W.G. Cope, R.B. Bringolf, T.J. Kwak, and D. Shea. 2007. Evaluation of ALA-D in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata as a biomarker of lead exposure and an indicator of transportation impact. Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. March 13-15, Little Rock, Arkansas. Poster Presentation.	March 2007
Morin, DJ, JH Vashon, M O’Neal, NJ Hostetter, EA Flaherty. Could hunting over bait increase black bear population growth offsetting the intentions of harvest? 25^th Eastern Black Bear Workshop. Trego, Wisconsin. April 2023.	April 2023	Black bear population growth is highly influenced by food availability, and some speculate the use of bait for hunting may inadvertently increase abundance through food resource supplementation. We use stable isotope analyses to investigate the contribution of different food groups to the diet of individual bears.
Morin, DJ, EA Flaherty, JH Vashon, NJ Hostetter. Role of Anthropogenic Foods on black bear demographics in Maine revealed through stable isotope analysis. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference. Spokane WA. November 2022.	November 2022	Black bear population growth is highly influenced by food availability and some speculate the use of bait for hunting may inadvertently increase abundance through food resource supplementation. We is stable isotope analyses to investigate the contribution of different food groups to the diet of individual bears.
Modeling Avian Detection Probabilities. American Statistical Association Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, Utah, August 2007. (Presented by Ken Pollock).	August 2007
Mitchell, W. A., J. C. Taylor, J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, and M. T. Pratt. 2009. Feasibility of using mobile hydroacoustic surveys for estimating spawning stock size of blueback herring in western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. NC Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Burlington, North Carolina, February 23-25, 2009.	February 2009
Miller, M.A., B. Daykin, N.J. Hostetter, A.A. Yackel Adams, S.J. Converse, and F.J. Mazzotti. Assessment of Invasive Species Removal. Invited Presentation. Everglades Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area Summit, Davie, Florida. July 11-12, 2023.	July 2023	We report on an effort to model an invasive population of veiled chameleons in Florida. Modeling indicates that the
Miller, D.A., Bailey L.L., Grant, E.H. McClintock, B.T., Weir, L.A., and T.R. Simons. 2013. IMPROVING OCCUPANCY ESTIMATES WHEN DETECTION HETEROGENEITY AND FALSE POSITIVES OCCUR. EURING 2013. Athens, Georgia.	April 2013	New results from "Frog Radio" studies conducted in 2011. Illusrate three new approaches to reduce estimation bias in auditory frog call surveys. These survey form the basis of the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program.
Mignucci-Giannoni, A. A. and J. A. Collazo. Aerial Surveys in high-wing airplanes and helicopters assist in the estimation of population size of the Antillean manatee in Puerto Rico. Reunión de Trabajo de Expertos en Mamíferos Acuáticos de América del Sur en el 3er Simposio Latinoamericano para la Investigación y Conservación de Manatíes -(SILAMA).	November 2018	We summarize aerial surveys since 1976, update manatee distribution, and share methodology to estimate population size after adjusting for detection probability.
Midway, S.R., T.J. Kwak, and D.D. Aday. 2008. Habitat suitability of the Carolina madtom, an imperiled southeastern stream fish. 138th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 17-21, Ottawa, Ontario.	August 2008
Midway, S.R., T.J. Kwak, and D.D. Aday. 2007. Reproductive ecology and life history of the Carolina madtom. Annual Meeting of the North American Native Fishes Association. June 7-10, Greensboro, North Carolina.	June 2007
Meyers, B., A. Lynch, T. Krabbenhoft, R. Kovach, T. Kwak, J. Falke, C. Chu, and D. Bunnell. 2016. Global synthesis of climate change effects on inland fish. 146th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 21-25, Kansas City, Missouri.	August 2016	We conducted an extensive, systematic literature review to identify both projected and documented examples of climate change impacts on fish globally. We categorized the documented studies into 6 groups based on the type of response variable studied and extracted the data to quantitatively analyze trends across species traits and thermal guilds. Providing current global trends in fish responses to climate change by ecological and thermal guild will help managers anticipate future changes in fis
Mercury contaminating high elevation songbirds in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 2007. American Ornithologists' Union, Laramie, WY. August 2007.	August 2007
Mercury contaminating high elevation songbirds in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 2007 Southern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere Conference, Johnson City, TN (poster).	October 2007
McIver II JK, WG Cope, NJ Hostetter, R Boyles, TJ Kwak, T Ben-Horin, F Weber, J Nelson, B Watson. 2023. Chronic Effects of Sea Salt on Organ Tissues of Sub-Adult Freshwater Mussels in Reconstituted and Natural Waters. American Fisheries Society North Carolina Chapter Meeting. 22-23 Feb 2023. Durham, North Carolina.	February 2023	Freshwater mussels can be negatively impacted by water salinization associated with sea level rise. We investigated freshwater mussel responses to increased water salinization to better understand possible impacts from increased salinization.
Mays, J.W., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, and D.Shea. 2007. Bioaccumulation of platinum group metals in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata: a new indicator of transportation related impacts? Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. March 13-15, Little Rock, Arkansas. Poster Presentation.	March 2007
Mays, J.W., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, and D. Shea. 2009. Bioaccumulation of platinum group metals in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. April 19-24, Baltimore, Maryland.	April 2009
Malindzak, E.G. and T.J. Kwak. 2005. Movement and habitat use of introduced riverine flathead catfish: implications for imperiled fishes and dam removal. 135th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 11-15, Anchorage, Alaska.	September 2005
Magowan, K. J., and J. E. Hightower. 2008. Use of split-beam sonar to estimate anadromous fish runs in the Roanoke River. NC Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Greenville, North Carolina, February 19-20, 2008.	February 2008
Magowan, K. J., and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Use of split-beam sonar to estimate anadromous fish runs in a southeastern river. American Fisheries Society, San Francisco, California, September 2-6, 2007.	September 2007
Magowan, K. J., L. M. Brown, D. A. Fox, and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Comparison of split-beam and DIDSON hydroacoustic gears for conducting sturgeon surveys. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters, American Fisheries Society, Danville, Virginia, February 26-28, 2007.	February 2007
M.W. Alldredge, K.H. Pollock, and T.R. Simons. 2004. Multiple species modeling of point count surveys. American Ornithologists' Union in conjunction with the Society of Canadian Ornithologists. Quebec, Canada.	August 2004
M.W. Alldredge, K.H. Pollock, T.R. Simons, and J.A. Collazo. 2004. Multiple-observer and time of detection methods for estimating abundance of birds from point count surveys. American Ornithologists' Union in conjunction with the Society of Canadian Ornithologists. Quebec, Canada.	August 2004
Lynn, A, NJ Hostetter, C Moorman, N Peterson, H Evans, M Boggess, J Shaw, J Kilgo, E Kierepka. 2023. Estimating White-Tailed Deer Densities through Non-Invasive Sampling across an Urban-Rural Continuum. Oral presentation. The Wildlife Society - Annual Conference. 5-9 Nov 2023. Louisville, Kentucky.	November 2023	This project demonstrates the use of non-invasive sampling to investigate white-tailed deer densities along an urban-rural gradient in North Carolina.
Lynch, A. J., B. J. E. Myers,, T. J. Krabbenhoft, R. P. Kovach, T. J. Kwak, J. A. Falke, C. Chu, D. B. Bunnell, C. P. Paukert. Global synthesis of the projected and documented effects of climate change effects on inland fishes. July 2017. Fisheries Society of the British Isles Annual Symposium. Exeter, United Kingdom.	July 2017	This study summarizes how climate change affects inland fish and fisheries at a global scale.
Lynch, A. J., B. J. E. Myers, J. Wong, C. Chu, R. W. Tingley, III, J. A. Falke, T. J. Kwak, C. P. PaukertI, T. J. Krabbenhoft. August 2021. Fish and Climate Change (FiCli) Database: Informing management actions for responding to climate change effects in fishes. Tennessee River Basin Network annual meeting.	July 2021	We examined the effects of climate change on inland fishes using the Fish and Climate Change Database (FiCli).
Lynch, A. J., B. J. E. Myers, J. Wong, C. Chu, J. A. Falke, T. J. Kwak, C. P. Paukert, R. W. Tingley, III, T. J. Krabbenhoft. November 2021. Reducing uncertainty in climate change responses for inland fisheries management: a decision-path approach. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting.	May 2021	We examine the effects of climate change on inland fishes using the Fish and Climate Change Database (FiCli).
Lynch, A. J., B. J. E. Myers, J. Wong, C. Chu, J. A. Falke, T. J. Kwak, C. P. Paukert, R. W. Tingley, III, T. J. Krabbenhoft. May 2021. Examining Climate Change Impacts using the Fish and Climate Change Database (FiCli). Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting.	May 2021	We examine the effects of climate change on inland fishes using the Fish and Climate Chanage Database (FiCli).
Lichstein, J.W. and T.R. Simons. 2000. Comparison of normal, Poisson, and negative binomial regression models for analyzing count data: An example with southern Appalachian songbirds. American Ornithologists' Union, St. Johns, Newfoundland	August 2000
Lee Pow, C., W.G. Cope, J.A. Rice, T.J. Kwak, J.M. Law, S.W. Kullman, and D.D. Aday. 2014. Relationships between estrogenic contaminant concentrations and incidence of intersex in centrarchid fishes across North Carolina. 35th Annual North American Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. November 9-13, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.	November 2014	To investigate the relationship between intersex and exposure to estrogenic contaminants, we conducted a statewide assessment of the occurrence of intersex fish and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in rivers and streams throughout North Carolina. The results show associations with both emerging and traditional contaminants to inform water quality agencies on contaminant effects on fish and ecosystems.
Lee Pow, C., W.G. Cope, D.D. Aday, J.A. Rice, T.J. Kwak, J.M. Law, and S.W. Kullman. 2014. Landscape assessment of estrogenic contaminants and intersex fish in North Carolina streams and rivers. Carolinas Regional Chapter of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. April 24-26, Clemson, South Carolina.	April 2014	We determined the incidence and severity of the intersex condition in fish throughout the state of North Carolina, and assessed the relationship between intersex and proximity to point and nonpoint sources of estrogenic EDCs. These findings will assist natural resource managers and water resource professionals in improving surface water quality and effects of pollution.
Lee Pow, C., M. Law, T. Kwak, D. Shea, G. Cope, J. Rice, S. Kullman, and D. Aday. 2015. Relating the incidence of intersex in centrarchid fishes to estrogenic contaminant concentrations across North Carolina. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 24-25, Carolina Beach, North Carolina.	February 2015	To investigate the relationship between intersex and exposure to estrogenic contaminants, we conducted a statewide assessment of the occurrence of intersex fish and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in rivers and streams throughout North Carolina. Significant relationships between incidence of intersex and several EDCs were detected. This project sheds light on relationships between intersex and contaminant load, as well as differences in responses between two Centrarchidae genera.
Lee Pow, C., M. Law, T. Kwak, D. Shea, G. Cope, J. Rice, S. Kullman, and D. Aday. 2015. Estrogenic contaminant concentrations and the incidence of intersex in centrarchid fishes: landscape-level relationships in North Carolina. Invited speaker to the Best Student Paper Symposium at the 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 15-20, Portland, Oregon.	August 2015	To investigate the relationship between intersex and exposure to estrogenic contaminants, we conducted a statewide assessment of the occurrence of intersex fish and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in rivers and streams throughout North Carolina. Significant relationships between incidence of intersex and several EDCs were detected. This research sheds light on relationships between intersex and contaminant load, as well as differences in responses between two Centrarchidae genera.
Law, M., C. Lee Pow, C. Grieshaber, T. Penland, T. Kwak, G. Cope, D. Shea, J. Rice, S. Kullman, and D. Aday. 2019. Update on intersex and other endocrine-induced abnormalities in fish. Invited speaker to the Society of Toxicologic Pathology 38th Annual Symposium. June 22-27, Raleigh, North Carolina.	June 2019	We assessed the relationship between intersex and exposure to EACs in 2 genera of sport fish, Micropterus (black bass) and Lepomis (e.g., bluegill), at 20 riverine sites in North and South Carolina, followed by a more focused study on the Yadkin-Pee Dee River in the Carolinas. These field studies were supported by laboratory-based studies using the medaka small fish model.
Laney, R.W., J. E. Hightower, M. Mangold, W. W. Cole, Jr., and S. E. Winslow. 2003. Distribution and habitat use of Atlantic sturgeon captured during the southeast area monitoring and assessment (SEAMAP) cooperative winter tagging cruises, 1988-2003. 133rd Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Quebec City, Canada, August 10-14, 2003.	August 2003
Lamb, J., C. Moorman, M. Carver-McGinn, H. Desrochers, E. Kierepka, J. Kilgo, N. Peterson, N.J. Hostetter. Harvest susceptibility of white-tailed deer across an urbanization gradient. North Carolina Wildlife Society Annual Meeting. Poster. 3-5 April 2024. Black Mountain, North Carolina. .	April 2024	Urbanization alters landscapes and the associated resources available for wildlife. We are conducting a three-year telemetry study to investigate white-tailed deer harvest susceptibility across an urban-rural continuum in Durham and Orange counties, North Carolina.
LaPlante, J.J., J.R. Fischer, A.C. Engman, A.O. Gill, C.S. Lee Pow, H.V. Daniels, T.J. Kwak, and J.A. Collazo. 2015. Nearshore larval fish assemblages in a Caribbean estuary. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 9-14, Baltimore, Maryland. Poster presentation.	August 2015	We conducted nearshore surface water sampling in the river mouth of the Rio Grande de Arecibo in Arecibo, Puerto Rico for migrating post-larval gobies. Of the Gobiidae family, our results showed that thirty-five percent were amphidromous and sixty-five percent were non-amphidromous, documenting the composition of the nearshore assemblage during a peak migration period.
L.L. Bailey, T.R. Simons, and K.H. Pollock. 1999. Evaluation of salamander population monitoring techniques in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Predicting Species Occurrences: Issues of Scale and Accuracy, Snowbird, UT	January 2000
Kwak, T.J., W.G. Cope, and R.J. Heise. 2010. Habitat suitability of the endangered Cape Fear shiner: implications for species recovery. Invited speaker to a symposium on the “Restoration of Nongame Species” at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 25-28, Asheville, North Carolina.	February 2010
Kwak, T.J., W.G. Cope, T.J. Pandolfo, J.M. Archambault, and C.A. Drew. 2016. Breaking traditional barriers to model climate change and land use impacts on freshwater mussels. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Effects of Climate Change on Inland Freshwater Fisheries: Looking Back and Moving Forward” at the 7th World Fisheries Congress. May 23-27, Busan, South Korea.	May 2016	We initiated research to combine the expertise and resources of multiple scientists and build on past findings to integrate climate change vulnerability and risk into regional watershed and instream biological response models for the protection and conservation of imperiled freshwater mussels. This research example is exceptional in including multiple investigators; combining laboratory, field, and modeling approaches; spanning broad spatial, temporal, and organizational scales; supporting educ
Kwak, T.J., W.G. Cope, T.J. Newton, J.D. Bales, J.A. Daraio, C.A. Drew, T.J. Pandolfo, J.M. Archambault, A.M. Ganser, R.J. Heise, R.B. Nichols, T. Augspurger, and B.N. Karns. 2013. Breaking traditional barriers to model climate change and land use impacts on freshwater mussels. Invited speaker to the Climate Change Science and Management Webinar Series. U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Conservation Training Center. Online webinar presentation.	March 2013	This research used our newly developed mussel vulnerability and risk threshold data in downscaled watershed and instream regional models to allow federal and state natural resource managers to forecast species responses to climate change over the next 30-50 years and to develop adaptation strategies to mitigate adverse effects. This will allow better prediction and adaptation strategies to mitigate climate change impacts.
Kwak, T.J., W.G. Cope, T.J. Newton, J.D. Bales, J.A. Daraio, C.A. Drew, T.J. Pandolfo, J.M. Archambault, A.M. Ganser, R.J. Heise, R.B. Nichols, T. Augspurger, and B.N. Karns. 2012. Breaking traditional barriers to model climate change and land use impacts on freshwater mussels. Invited speaker to the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Biennial Workshop entitled “Incorporating Environmental Flows, Climate Change, and Ecosystem Services into Freshwater Mussel Conservation and Management.” April 19-20, Athens, Georgia.	April 2012	This webinar presented results of research to use newly developed mussel vulnerability and risk threshold data in downscaled watershed and instream regional models to allow federal and state natural resource managers to forecast species responses to climate change over the next 30-50 years and to develop adaptation strategies to mitigate adverse effects. It emphasized the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration to achieve scientific advances.
Kwak, T.J., W.E. Pine, and D.S. Waters. 2004. Introduced flathead catfish: prize or plague? Invited speaker to a symposium on Ecology and management of catfishes at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 26-29, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.	February 2004
Kwak, T.J., R.B. Bringolf, W.G. Cope, and M.S. Larimore. 2005. Salinity tolerance of flathead catfish: implications for dispersal of introduced populations. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina Chapters of the American Fisheries Society and the Wildlife Society. February 8-9, Greensboro, North Carolina.	February 2005
Kwak, T.J., P.B. Cooney, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2011. Caribbean freshwater fisheries research: an opportunity to enhance diversity. Invited speaker to a symposium on “Diversity Management Solutions in a Changing World” at the 141st Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 4-8, Seattle, Washington.	September 2011
Kwak, T.J., P.B. Cooney, E.N. Buttermore, W.G. Cope, P.R. Lazaro, D. Shea, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2011. Urbanization impacts in tropical stream ecosystems: fish, habitat, and contaminants in Puerto Rico. Invited speaker to a symposium on “Urbanization and its Impacts on Tropical Aquatic Systems” at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. February 13-18, San Juan, Puerto Rico.	February 2011
Kwak, T.J., P.B. Cooney, C.H. Brown, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2008. Puerto Rico stream fishes: sampling, distribution, and influential factors. Invited speaker to a Conference and Workshop on Environmental Flows in Puerto Rico Rivers. March 5-6, San Juan, Puerto Rico.	March 2008
Kwak, T.J., P.B. Cooney, C.H. Brown, K.H. Pollock, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2007. Puerto Rico stream fishes: sampling, distribution, and influential factors. Invited speaker to the XXVI Symposium of the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. October 24-25, San Juan, Puerto Rico.	October 2007
Kwak, T.J., J.R. Fischer, H.J. Flowers, W.G. Cope, J.M. Rash, and D.A. Besler. 2015. Condition, diet, and trophic relations of stocked trout in Appalachian streams. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Economic and Social Impacts of Stocking Cultured Fish” at the 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 15-20, Portland, Oregon.	August 2015	We evaluated changes in fish condition and diet composition, and conducted a stable isotope analysis (SIA) of western North Carolina streams that were supported by stockings of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. These findings may enhance management and economic efficiency in refining fish stocking timing, densities, and spatial distribution.
Kwak, T.J., J.M. Fisk, and R.J. Heise. 2011. Interaction of nonnative catfish with imperiled redhorses. Invited speaker to the Robust Redhorse Conservation Committee Annual Meeting. October 4-5, Albemarle, North Carolina.	October 2012
Kwak, T.J., H.J. Flowers, J.R. Fischer, W.G. Cope, J.M. Rash, and D.A. Besler. 2016. Behavior and survival of stocked trout in southern Appalachian Mountain streams. 146th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 21-25, Kansas City, Missouri.	August 2016	We quantitatively described movement and survival of stocked Brook Trout, Brown Trout, and Rainbow Trout in three southern Appalachian Mountain streams in western North Carolina. Fisheries managers may apply our results to refine stocking regimes to enhance efficiency and improve acclimation of stocked trout to stream environments.
Kwak, T.J., E.G. Malindzak, and J.R. Brewster. 2006. Introduced flathead catfish, dam removal, and the endangered Cape Fear shiner. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. January 31-February 1, Greensboro, North Carolina.	January 2006
Kwak, T.J., E.G. Malindzak, and J.R. Brewster. 2006. Introduced flathead catfish, dam removal, and endangered species. Invited speaker to a symposium on ?Catfish ecology and management? at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 8-12, San Antonio, Texas.	February 2006
Kwak, T.J., D.S. Waters, and W.E. Pine. 2003. Introduced flathead catfish: prize or plague? Invited speaker to a symposium on Ictalurid ecology and management at the 64th Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference. December 7-10, Kansas City, Missouri.	December 2003
Kwak, T.J., D.S. Waters, W.E. Pine III, and J.R. Rice. 2003. Introduced flathead catfish movement and habitat selection in North Carolina rivers. 133rd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 10-14, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.	August 2003
Kwak, T.J., A.E. Engman, C.G. Lilyestrom, B.J. Myers, and A. Torres Molinari. 2021. Ecology and conservation of the American eel in the Caribbean region. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Anguillid Eels: Recovery Challenges from Sea to Stream in the Face of Global Change” at the World Fisheries Congress 2021. September 20-24, Adelaide, Australia (virtual).	September 2021	We studied the distribution, abundance, biology, and ecology of the American Eel on the Caribbean tropical island of Puerto Rico to enhance the practical knowledge of the resource. Realized threats to the American Eel include dams and other migratory barriers, habitat loss and alteration, and pollution; exotic species and commercial fishing are impending threats; and the least understood is climate change.
Kwak, T.J., A.C. Engman, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2019. Ecology and conservation of the American Eel in Puerto Rico. Annual Meeting of the Puerto Rico Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. March 4, San Juan, Puerto Rico.	March 2019	We synthesized findings of original research on American eel distribution, abundance, population biology, habitat ecology, and threats from the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Our research findings enhance informed conservation and management of this widespread, but imperiled fish species.
Kwak, T.J., A.C. Engman, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2018. Ecology and conservation of the American Eel in the Caribbean region. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Aristotle's Mud to Modern Day: What Do We Actually Know About Catadromous Eels?” at the 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 19-23, Atlantic City, New Jersey.	August 2018	We synthesized findings of original research on American eel distribution, abundance, population biology, habitat ecology, and threats from the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Our research findings enhance informed conservation and management of this widespread, but imperiled fish species.
Kwak, T.J., A.C. Engman, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2018. Ecology and conservation of the American Eel in the Caribbean region. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “American Eel in the Gulf of Mexico” at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 24-27, Galveston, Texas.	January 2019	We synthesized findings of original research on American eel distribution, abundance, population biology, habitat ecology, and threats from the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Our research findings enhance informed conservation and management of this widespread, but imperiled fish species.
Kwak, T.J., A.C. Engman, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2018. Ecology and conservation of the American Eel in the Caribbean region. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. March 8-11, San Juan, Puerto Rico.	March 2018	We synthesized findings of original research on American eel distribution, abundance, population biology, habitat ecology, and threats from the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Our research findings and others in the Caribbean region form the basis for informed conservation and management of this widespread, but imperiled fish species.
Kwak, T.J., A.C. Engman, J.R. Fischer, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2017. Ecology and conservation of the American Eel in the Caribbean. Invited speaker to the First International Eel Science Symposium: Science into Management. June 13-15, Zoological Society of London, London England.	June 2017	We studied the distribution, abundance, biology, and ecology of the American Eel on the Caribbean tropical island of Puerto Rico to enhance the practical knowledge of the resource. Likely threats to the American Eel in the Caribbean include instream migration barriers, habitat loss and alteration, pollution, exotic species (including parasites), legal and illegal harvest, lax enforcement of fisheries regulations, and climate change. Our research findings and others in the Caribbean region for
Kwak, T.J., A.C. Engman, J.R. Fischer, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2015. Ecological services and drivers of Caribbean freshwater fisheries. Invited speaker to a Global Conference on Inland Fisheries. Freshwater, Fish, and the Future: Cross-Sectional Approaches to Sustain Livelihoods, Food Security, and Aquatic Ecosystems. January 26-30, FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy.	January 2015	Our research on Caribbean freshwater fisheries over the last decade on sampling methods, ecological and management scales, basic fish biology and ecology, and ecological and human ecosystem and fishery drivers has enhanced public interest, appreciation, utility, and management potential of the stream fisheries resource, as well as facilitating a broader environmental awareness. Attention driving mechanisms that we identified is critical to ensure the future sustainability of these fishery reso
Kwak, T.J., A.C. Engman, J.R. Fischer, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2015. Ecological drivers, functions, and services of Caribbean freshwater fishes. Invited speaker to a Symposium entitled “Do macro-consumers matter? Researching the effects of large-bodied biota on aquatic ecosystems” at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 28-February 1, Savannah, Georgia.	January 2015	Our research on Caribbean fishes over the last decade on ecological and management scales, basic fish biology and ecology, and ecological and human ecosystem drivers has enhanced public interest, appreciation, utility, and management potential of the stream fisheries resource, as well as facilitating a broader environmental awareness. The native freshwater fishes have critical influence on lotic ecosystem function, and human activities have altered that role in many systems.
Kwak, T.J. and W.E. Pine. 2002. Introduced flathead catfish: prize or plague. Invited speaker to the Meeting of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Nongame Advisory Board. November 14, Raleigh, North Carolina.	November 2002
Kwak, T.J. and S.D. Favrot. 2009. Reproductive and habitat ecology of the sicklefin redhorse, an imperiled endemic species. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 24-25, Burlington, North Carolina.	February 2009
Kwak, T.J. and J.T. Peterson. January 11-12, 2000. Modeling the effects of watershed land use and climate change on a large-river smallmouth bass population. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. New Hill, North Carolina.	January 2000
Kwak, T.J. and A.C. Engman. 2018. America’s sea serpent: biology, ecology, and conservation of the American eel. Invited keynote speaker to a symposium entitled “American Eel in the Gulf of Mexico” at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 24-27, Galveston, Texas.	January 2019	The American Eel Anguilla rostrata is a widely distributed, economically valuable, culturally significant, and ecologically important, but poorly understood and imperiled fish. A growing body of research findings enhances informed conservation and management of this widespread, but imperiled fish species.
Kwak, T.J. October 15, 1999. Ozark tailwater fisheries: research and management for trophy trout. Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming. Laramie, Wyoming.	January 2000
Kwak, T.J. May 5-6, 2000. Research and management for wild trout. Invited speaker to the Annual Meeting of North Carolina Trout Cooperators (NC Wildlife Resources Commission, U.S. Forest Service, and Trout Unlimited). Brevard, North Carolina.	January 2000
Kwak, T.J. February 9-10, 2000. Research on an endangered minnow: Cape Fear shiner electrofishing injury and habitat suitability. Invited speaker to the Meeting of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Roanoke, Tar, Neuse, Cape Fear Ecosystem Team. Edenton, North Carolina.	January 2000
Kwak, T.J. April 4, 2000. Identifying factors that influence the ecological success of fishes: spatial, temporal, and organizational approaches. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, Virginia.	January 2000
Kwak, T.J. 2020. The suitability of habitat suitability models for imperiled stream fishes. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter, American Fisheries Society. February 4-6, New Bern, North Carolina.	February 2020	I provide three examples in which habitat suitability modeling informed and enhanced imperiled fish understanding and conservation. This approach was applied to determine causes of decline and assess the suitability of potential population restoration sites in (1) an imperiled, endemic, non-game catfish, the Carolina Madtom Noturus furiosis, (2) an endangered, endemic minnow, the Cape Fear Shiner Notropis mekistocholas, and (3) an imperiled large-river sucker species, the Robust Redhorse Moxost
Kwak, T.J. 2020. Being led and leading in science and life: an Index of Mentor Quality. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Lessons in Leadership: Integrating Courage, Vision, and Innovation for the Future of Sustainable Fisheries” at the 150th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 30-September 3, Columbus, Ohio.	August 2020	I integrated attributes of leaders that are effective mentors into an <i>Index of Mentor</i> <i>Quality</i> (IMQ). The IMQ includes 10 attribute metrics that influence mentorship within three broad categories of mentor quality, including Professional Development, Personal Attributes, and Management Style. The IMQ categories and metrics may also be a useful tool for introspection, leadership development, and self-improvement, as well as for those assessing leaders for potential effective mentors
Kwak, T.J. 2002. Ecology, biology, and behavior of introduced flathead catfish. Invited keynote speaker to the Strategic Planning Meeting for Flathead Catfish Invasions, Pennsylvania Sea Grant. March 5, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.	March 2002
Kwak, T.J. 2001. Detecting agricultural animal waste in stream food webs using stable isotope techniques. Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 22-25, Jacksonville, Florida.	February 2001
Kwak, T.J. 2001. Detecting agricultural animal waste diffuse enrichment of stream food webs using stable isotope techniques. Symposium on What can the natural abundance of stable isotopes reveal about aquatic ecosystems? at the 49th Annual Meeting of the North American Benthological Society. June 2-8, La Crosse, Wisconsin.	June 2001
Kwak, T.J. 2000. Ozark tailwater fisheries: research and management for trophy trout. Invited speaker to the Meeting of Triangle Fly Fishers Chapter of Trout Unlimited. October 30, Durham, North Carolina.	October 2000
Kwak, T.J. 2019. The suitability of habitat suitability models for imperiled stream fishes. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Conservation of North American Freshwater Native Non-Game Fishes” at the Joint Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society. September 29-October 3, Reno, Nevada.	September 2019	I provide three examples in which habitat suitability modeling informed and enhanced imperiled fish understanding and conservation. This approach was applied to determine causes of decline and assess the suitability of potential population restoration sites in (1) an imperiled, endemic, non-game catfish, the Carolina Madtom Noturus furiosis, (2) an endangered, endemic minnow, the Cape Fear Shiner Notropis mekistocholas, and (3) an imperiled large-river sucker species, the Robust Redhorse Moxos
Kwak, T.J. 2017. Conflict and conservation: fisheries management for native and invasive species. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Fishing for a Solution in a Sea of Competing Objectives: Sustaining Commercial and Recreational Fisheries in an Increasingly Complex World” at the 147th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 20-24, Tampa, Florida.	August 2017	Management decisions associated with fisheries of nonnative species may consider angler desires, sympatric native fish species, habitat suitability, conflicting constituent goals, and natural and cultural heritage values. Such potential management conflicts may be mitigated by developing explicit management objectives and clearly communicating those with the public and various constituent groups.
Kwak, T.J. 2017. Behavior, survival, and ecology of stocked trout in NC mountain streams: recent research findings. Invited speaker to the Meeting of Triangle Fly Fishers (Trout Unlimited Chapter). October 30, Durham, North Carolina.	October 2017	Research results of an intensive stocked trout tagging study were reviewed and presented. Findings will guide stocking and hatchery methods applied by fisheries agencies and are of great interest to trout anglers.
Kwak, T.J. 2016. Sleeping giants: the ecology and impacts of domestic invasive large catfish. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Catfish Research and Management” at the Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. March 14-17, Danville, Virginia.	March 2016	Large North American ictalurid catfishes (channel catfish, blue catfish, flathead catfish) have been widely introduced in the United States beyond their native ranges. Management of introduced catfish focuses on limiting dispersal among basins, public education, and encouraging harvest. Additional research is needed to elucidate the effects on native fishes and develop and assess alternative population control measures.
Kwak, T.J. 2015. Sleeping giants: the ecology and impacts of domestic invasive large catfish. Invited speaker to the 69th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. November 1-4, Asheville, North Carolina.	November 2015	Large North American ictalurid catfishes (channel catfish, blue catfish, flathead catfish) have been widely introduced in the United States beyond their native ranges. Management of introduced catfish focuses on limiting dispersal among basins, public education, and encouraging harvest. Additional research is needed to elucidate the effects on native fishes and develop and assess alternative population control measures.
Kwak, T.J. 2012. Sleeping giants: the ecology and impacts of domestic invasive large catfish. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “The Biology and Control of Invasive Fishes: Lessons Across Species and Regions” at the 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 19-23, St. Paul, Minnesota.	August 2012
Kornegay, M., and J. A. Collazo. 2011. Testing assumptions underlying estimates of breeding productivity derived from mist netting data - Association of Field Ornithologists, Cooper Ornithological Society, and Wilson Ornithological Society, March 9-13, 2011, Kearney, NE.	March 2011
Kornegay, M. and J. A. Collazo. 2011. Testing assumptions underlying estimates of breeding productivity derived from mist netting data. American Ornithologist Union, August 24-29, Jacksonville, FL	August 2011
King, T., S. Bolden, J. Bowers-Altman, M. Collins, K. Damon-Randall, M. Fisher, J. Fleming, D. Hartley, K. A. Hattala, J. E. Hightower, M. Kieffer, B. Kynard, R. W. Laney, S. Mierzykowski, S. Minkkinen, and M. Mohead. Identifying the fundamental unit of management and historical demographic patterns in U.S. Atlantic Coast sturgeons: A genetic perspective. 2010 Meeting, Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Asheville, NC. February 26-28.	February 2010
Khalyani, A. H., W. A. Gould , J. A. Collazo, M. J. Falkowski. Temporal stability in spatial suitability: examining the assumptions of empirically fitted spatially explicit models of LULC change.	April 2016	We examined stationarity assumptions in Puerto Rico in three time intervals using land cover maps from 1951, 1977, 1991, and 2000. The likelihood ratio stationarity test showed that land cover change rates were not stationary in the island from 1951 to 2000.
Kerns, J., M. Allen, and J. E. Hightower. 2014. Dissecting mortality components for recreational fisheries with high rates of released fish. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Charleston, South Carolina. January 22-26, 2014.	January 2014	This study illustrates an approach for partitioning total mortality among sources (natural, recreational harvest, mortality due to catch-and-release).
Keller, R.A., T.R. Simons, R.A. Webster, and K.E. Franzreb. 2013. Effects of Acidic Deposition on Dark-eyed Juncos in the Southern Appalachians. 5th International Partners in Flight Conference and Conservation Workshop, Snowbird, Utah.	August 2013	This research provides a link between high levels of acidic deposition in the southern Appalachians and calcium limitation in breeding songbirds.
Keilhauer, M., J.R. Fischer, A.C. Engman, A.O. Gill, C.S. Lee Pow, H.V. Daniels, T.J. Kwak, and J.A. Collazo. 2016. Characterization of a Caribbean riverine fish assemblage: potential effects of postlarval amphidromous migration. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 7-12, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Poster presentation.	August 2016	The purpose of this study was to provide insight on the possible effects of amphidromous fish migrations by characterizing the composition of the riverine fish assemblage, assessing habitat associations of the most abundant species, describing the temporal dynamics of predator abundance, and documenting patterns of movement before and during a return migration of postlarval amphidromous fishes in the lower Río Grande de Arecibo in Puerto Rico. Our results suggest that temporal and spatial patte
Kathryn Battle, K. Pacifici, and Jaime A. Collazo. Local- and Landscape-Level Drivers of Avian Community Assemblages in Subtropical Forested and Agricultural Habitats.	July 2015	There is a recent impetus in ecology to disentangle the influence of spatial scales on biological processes to achieve holistic conservation in both protected and human-altered environments. Our data will assist decision makers in State and Federal Agencies in Puerto Rico in prioritizing habitat conservation efforts to promote the persistence of endemic avifauna.
Kaeser, A. J., H. J. Flowers, J. E. Hightower, D. A. Fox, and N. Willett. 2012. Developing and implementing a low-cost side-scan sonar based approach to monitoring Gulf sturgeon. 14th Annual Gulf Sturgeon Workshop, Panama City, Florida, November 14-16, 2012.	November 2012	This study illustrates the potential of side-scan sonar for monitoring Gulf sturgeon status and abundance.
K.H. Pollock, M.W. Alldredge, T.R. Simons. 2004. Application of capture-recapture type models in point count surveys. The Statistical Society of Canada, Montreal, Canada.	May 2004
Jones, B.K., R.J. Heise, T.J. Kwak, and G. Pottern. 2010. Swimming toward a brighter future: promising developments for the endangered Cape Fear shiner (Notropis mekistocholas). Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Fishes Council. November 11-12, Athens, Georgia.	November 2010
Johnson, E.G., D.B. Eggleston, and J.E. Hightower. 2000. Spatiotemporal variability in abundance of the blue crab in North Carolina. Blue Crab Symposium, Wilmington, NC. March, 2000.	March 2000
Jimenez, F, KE Brzeski, S Hervey, NJ Hostetter, CK Brett, C Olfenbuttel, DJ Morin. 2024. Developing a Range-wide American Black Bear Single Nucleotide Panel for Population Studies. The Wildlife Society. 19-23 October 2024. Baltimore, Maryland.	October 2024	We are developing a single nucleotide polymorphism panel that produces consistent genotypes for black bear populations across North America.
J.W. Lichstein and T.R. Simons. 1999. A multi-scale assessment of the effects of landscape composition on breeding birds in southern Appalachian forests. Predicting Species Occurrences: Issues of Scale and Accuracy, Snowbird, UT	October 1999
Ivasauskas, T.J., T.J. Kwak, and P.L. Rakes. 2015. Swimming ability of sicklefin redhorse early life stages and implications for conservation of an imperiled species. Invited speaker to a Symposium entitled “Ecology and conservation of southeastern cypriniform fishes” at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 28-February 1, Savannah, Georgia.	January 2015	We designed a laboratory experiment to determine swimming ability of larval and juvenile Sicklefin Redhorse, an imperiled fish species. The information gained from our findings will be used to develop a more thorough mechanistic understanding of habitat associations observed in concurrent field research and to guide planning and implementation of conservation and recovery efforts.
Ivasauskas, T.J., T.J. Kwak, and P.L. Rakes. 2015. Swimming ability of sicklefin redhorse early life stages and implications for conservation of an imperiled species. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 24-25, Carolina Beach, North Carolina.	February 2015	We designed a laboratory experiment to determine swimming ability of larval and juvenile Sicklefin Redhorse. The information gained from our findings will be used to develop a more thorough mechanistic understanding of habitat associations observed in concurrent field research and to guide planning and implementation of conservation and recovery efforts.
Ivasauskas, T.J., T.J. Kwak, and P.L. Rakes. 2015. Swimming ability and early development of an imperiled redhorse species and other river fishes. 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 15-20, Portland, Oregon.	August 2015	We designed an experiment to determine swimming ability of larval and juvenile Sicklefin Redhorse and other lotic fish species. Information gained from our findings will be used to develop a more thorough understanding of habitat associations observed in concurrent field research and to guide conservation and recovery efforts.
Ivasauskas, T.J., T.J. Kwak, and P.L. Rakes. 2014. Swimming ability of larval and juvenile sicklefin redhorse. Invited speaker to the Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Fishes Council. November 13-14, Asheville, North Carolina.	November 2014	We designed a laboratory experiment to determine swimming ability of larval and juvenile Sicklefin Redhorse, a rare and imperiled fish species. Our estimates indicate that Sicklefin Redhorse larvae exhibit marginally better swimming ability than similarly sized Robust Redhorse, which will help interpret field sampling results and guide habitat protection.
Ivasauskas, T.J., T.J. Kwak, and M.E. Raley. 2017. Phenology, growth, and early life history of six sympatric suckers in North Carolina. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 15-16, New Bern, North Carolina.	February 2017	Larval and juvenile suckers were sampled from Valley River, NC, during April – September of 2013 and 2014, and were identified to species using genetic barcoding. Six species in various stages of development were collected. A basic understanding of the early life histories of sympatric suckers is essential for identifying factors that may differentially affect recruitment and for planning appropriate ecosystem and fish conservation and management measures.
Ivasauskas, T.J., T.J. Kwak, and M.E. Raley. 2016. Phenology, growth, and early life history of six sympatric suckers. 146th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 21-25, Kansas City, Missouri.	August 2016	Larval and juvenile suckers were sampled from Valley River, NC, during April – September of 2013 and 2014, and were identified to species using genetic barcoding. Six species in various stages of development were collected. A basic understanding of the early life histories of sympatric suckers is essential for identifying factors that may differentially affect recruitment and for planning appropriate ecosystem and fish conservation and management measures.
Ivasauskas, T.J., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Ballard, and T.C. Glenn. 2016. Detecting predation impact of an introduced fish using next-generation sequencing. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. March 14-17, Danville, Virginia.	March 2016	To evaluate possible predatory interactions of nonnative Blueback Herring with native sucker species, Blueback Herring were sampled from the Hiwassee River basin, and stomach contents of 232 Blueback Herring were examined visually and via DNA barcoding coupled with next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS DNA barcoding enabled species-level identification for 25 of 26 visually observed larval fish and for 5 samples with ova. Our findings enhance understanding of trophic dynamics between introduc
Ivasauskas, T.J. and T.J. Kwak. 2014. Techniques for sampling larval and juvenile fishes in Appalachian Mountain rivers. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 18-19, Durham, North Carolina.	February 2014	We determined the most efficient sampling techniques for larval and juvenile mountain river fishes. This work may guide fisheries scientists in planning seasonal sampling to most effectively characterize the early life stages of the riverine fish assemblage.
Ivasauskas, T.J. and T.J. Kwak 2014. Techniques for sampling larval and juvenile fishes in Appalachian Mountain rivers. 144th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society jointly held with the 38th Annual Larval Fish Conference. August 17-21, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Poster presentation.	August 2014	Little effort has been directed toward sampling larval and juvenile fishes in Appalachian Mountain rivers, despite the relevance to fish population and assemblage dynamics. We characterized temporal efficiency and size selectivity among sampling techniques to guide fisheries scientists in planning seasonal sampling to most effectively characterize the early life stages of fishes in freshwater mountain rivers.
Irizarry, A.I., J.A. Collazo, K. Pacifici, and B.J. Reich. Avian response to restoring the shade layer in coffee plantations in Puerto Rico.	July 2017	Shade restoration improves habitat suitability for forest-dependent species without completely losing open dwellers (e.g., insectivores) that provide ecosystem services to farmers.
Irizarry, A., J. A. Collazo, K. Pacifici. 2016. Avian response to shade layer restoration in coffee plantations in Puerto Rico. North American Ornithological Conference, Washington, DC.	August 2016	We seek to quantify the response (impact) of the resident avian community to restoration of shade layer in coffee plantations over the last 12 years. Preliminary data support hypothesis that recently restored farms favor the occurrence of insectivores/granivores, transitioning to more frugivores/nectarivores as the restored shade layer becomes a dominant feature of the farms.
Irizarry, A. D. and J. A. Collazo. Avian Response to Shade-Layer Restoration in Coffee Plantations in Puerto Rico: Oportunities to maximize ecological services and landscape level conservation. Presented at the Watersheds: Restoration and Integrated Management Symposium, October 11, 2019 at the University of Puerto Rico-Ponce Campus.	October 2019	This work details the benefits of shade-coffee restoration programs by quantifying demographic rates (e.g., extinction rates) over time.
Informing Conservation planning and design for avian populations: modeling species occurrence at landscape levels. TWS.	September 2009
Improved survival of American Oystercatcher nests on the Outer Banks of North Carolina: effects of Hurricane Isabel. 2006. IV North American Ornithological Congress, Veracruz, Mexico. (presented by Shiloh Schulte).	June 2006
Iglecia, M., J. A. Collazo, and A. J. McKerrow. 2011. Assessing avian species richness and sensitivity to urban landscapes – U.S. Association of Landscape Ecologists. April 3-7, 2011, Portland, Oregon.	April 2011
Iberra, S., J.R. Fischer, A.C. Engman, A.O. Gill, C.S. Lee Pow, H.V. Daniels, T.J. Kwak, and J.A. Collazo. 2016. Shifts in the diet of Caribbean riverine predators during amphidromous fish migrations. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 7-12, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Poster presentation.	August 2016	Our objectives were to characterize the diets of American Eel and Bigmouth Sleeper in the Río Grande de Arecibo, Puerto Rico, and to compare their diets before and during a mass-migration event of amphidromous postlarval fishes. Our results suggest that both predator species shifted foraging behaviors and prey during the mass migration event.
Hylton, R.A. and T.R. Simons. Is pollution affecting high elevation birds in the Smokies? Spring 2007 North Carolina Partners in Flight Meeting, Raleigh, NC.	April 2007
Hyde, E.J. and T.R. Simons. 1999. Assessing diversity, abundance, and habitat associations of salamanders in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Predicting Species Occurrences: Issues of Scale and Accuracy, Snowbird, UT	October 1999
Hughes, J. B., and J. E. Hightower. 2012. Using multiple sonar deployments to improve run-size estimates of anadromous fishes. NC Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Raleigh, North Carolina, February 28-29, 2012.	February 2012
Hughes, J. B., and J. E. Hightower. 2011. Assessing spawning runs of anadromous fishes using a combination of split-beam and DIDSON count data. 141th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Seattle, WA, September 4-8, 2011.	September 2011
Howard, A.K., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, and D. Shea. 2002. Assessing the effects of water quality on the endangered Cape Fear shiner with in situ toxicity tests. Invited speaker to a symposium on In situ bioassays using transplanted aquatic organisms at the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. November 16-20, Salt Lake City, Utah.	November 2002
Howard, A.K., T.J. Kwak, and W.G. Cope. 2002. What limits the endangered Cape Fear shiner: water quality or physical habitat? Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 5-6, Huntersville, North Carolina.	February 2002
Howard, A.K., T.J. Kwak, and W.G. Cope. 2002. What limits the endangered Cape Fear shiner: water quality or physical habitat? 82nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. July 3-8, Kansas City, Missouri.	July 2002
Howard, A.K., T.J. Kwak, and W.G. Cope. 2002. What limits the endangered Cape Fear shiner: water quality or physical habitat? 132nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 18-22, Baltimore, Maryland.	August 2002
Howard, A.K., T.J. Kwak, and W.G. Cope. 2002. Habitat suitability of the Cape Fear Shiner. Invited speaker to the Multiagency Cape Fear Shiner Conservation Meeting. December 2, Asheboro, North Carolina.	December 2002
Hostetter, NJ, JH Vashon, M O’Neal, AK Fuller, SJ Converse. An integrated age-at-harvest model linking harvest and research data to estimate black bear abundance and demographics. 13th International Mammalogical Congress. Anchorage, Alaska. 14-20 July 2023.	July 2023	We describe an integrated age-at-harvest model that links research and monitoring data to estimate abundance and demographics of black bears in Maine, USA.
Hostetter, NJ, JH Vashon, C McLaughlin, M O’Neal, AK Fuller, SJ Converse. An integrated age-at-harvest model linking harvest and research data to estimate black bear abundance, demographics, and population growth rates in Maine, USA. 25^th Eastern Black Bear Workshop. Trego, Wisconsin. April 2023.	April 2023	We describe an integrated age-at-harvest model that links research and monitoring data to estimate abundance and demographics of black bears in Maine, USA.
Hostetter, NJ, CK Brett, F Jimenez, C Olfenbuttel, DU Greene, JD Clark, B Augustine, DJ Morin. 2024. Estimating bear density using non-invasive genetics: Importance of linking subsampling methods to modeling approaches. International Association for Bear Research and Management. Oral presentation. 15-20 September 2024. Edmonton, Alberta.	September 2024	We discuss important sampling and modeling considerations when using non-invasive genetic methods to estimate bear abundance and density.
Hostetter, NJ, CK Brett, F Jimenez, C Olfenbuttel, DU Greene, JD Clark, B Augustine, DJ Morin. 2024. Density estimation using minimally invasive hair sampling: Importance of linking subsampling methods to modeling approaches. The Wildlife Society. 19-23 October 2024. Baltimore, Maryland.	October 2024	We discuss sampling and modeling considerations when using minimally-invasive genetic methods to estimate bear abundance and density.
Hostetter, N.J., T.R. Simons, S.H. Schweitzer, R. Boettcher, A.L. Wilke, L. Addison, W.R. Swilling, and B. Gardner. 2014. Repeated count surveys help standardize multi-agency estimates of American Oystercatcher abundance. Waterbird Society Annual Meeting, La Paz, Mexico.	November 2014	We evaluated the effectiveness of standardized repeated count surveys conducted by multiple agencies to estimate the breeding pair abundance of American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliates) in the Southeastern United States. Breeding season surveys were coordinated among 8 different agencies and conducted at 96 plots across coastal North Carolina (93 plots) and the Eastern Shore of Virginia (3 plots). Plots were visited on 1 – 6 occasions during May – July, 2013.
Hostetter NJ, SJ Converse, SM Amburgey, MG Nafus, LT Huse, L Gray, PD Barnhart, SR Siers, D Vice, AA Yackel Adams. 2021. Brown Treesnakes on Cocos: Using a robust design removal model to investigate abundance and optimize future survey efforts. Brown Treesnake Technical Working Group, Online. 8 Nov - 11 Nov. 2021.	November 2021	We describe and apply a robust design removal model to data from an incipient population of Brown Treesnakes (BTS) on Cocos Island, Guam. These methods allow us to estimate abundance, movement, and population growth rate based on BTS removal data.
Holliman, F.M., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, and J.F. Levine. 2005. Effects of electrofishing on survival and behavior of native freshwater mussels. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina Chapters of the American Fisheries Society and the Wildlife Society. February 8-9, Greensboro, North Carolina.	February 2005
Holliman, F.M., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, and J.F. Levine. 2005. Effects of electrofishing on survival and behavior of native freshwater mussels. 135th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 11-15, Anchorage, Alaska. Poster Presentation.	September 2005
Holliman, F.M., J.B. Reynolds, and T.J. Kwak. August 20-24, 2000. Electrofishing injury and short-term mortality of an endangered minnow. 130th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, St. Louis, Missouri.	January 2000
Holliman, F.M., J.B. Reynolds, and T.J. Kwak. 2002. Electrofishing endangered fishes? Risk factors for electroshock-induced mortality in the Cape Fear shiner. 132nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 18-22, Baltimore, Maryland.	August 2002
Holliman, F.M., D. Davis, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, and J.F. Levine. 2005. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of freshwater mussels. 4th Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. May 15-18, St. Paul, Minnesota. Poster presentation.	May 2005
Holliman, F.M., D. Davis, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, and J.F. Levine. 2005. Magnetic resonance imaging of live freshwater mussels: implications for biomonitoring. Invited speaker to a symposium on ?From the laboratory to the field: practical applications of physiological and performance indicators in fish? at the 135th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 11-15, Anchorage, Alaska.	September 2005
Holliman, F.M., D. Davis, A.E. Bogan, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, and J.F. Levine. 2007. Magnetic resonance imaging of live freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. March 13-15, Little Rock, Arkansas.	March 2007
Hightower, J.E., K. P. Zehfuss, D. A. Fox, and F. M. Parauka. July 2001. Summer habitat selection by Gulf sturgeon in the Choctawhatchee River, Florida. 4th International Symposium on Sturgeon. Oskosh, WI.	July 2001
Hightower, J.E., D. A. Fox, K. P. Zehfuss, and F. M. Parauka. September 2001. Essential habitats for Gulf sturgeon in the Choctawhatchee River system. Gulf of Mexico Sturgeon, 2001 Status of the Subspecies Workshop. Gulf Coast Community College, Panama City, Florida.	September 2001
Hightower, J. E., and S. M. Burdick. 2005. Spawning habitat of anadromous fishes in the Roanoke and Neuse rivers. Workshop on southeastern diadromous fish habitat and production. Duke Power, Lancaster, South Carolina. April 22, 2005.	April 2005
Hightower, J. E., and K. Sparks. May 2001. Migration and spawning habitat of American shad in the Roanoke River, North Carolina. Shad 2001: A Conference on the Status and Conservation of Shads Worldwide. Baltimore, MD.	May 2001
Hightower, J. E., and K. H. Pollock. 2009. Tagging methods for estimating population size and mortality rates of striped bass. American Fisheries Society, Nashville, Tennessee, August 30-September 3, 2009.	September 2009
Hightower, J. E., and A. M. Wicker. October 2001. Approaches for fish passage in the southeastern United States. Evaluating the impacts of dam operations on aquatic ecosystems in the southeastern U.S.: the needs and feasibility of decision making tools for relicensing. Hickory Knob State Park, McCormick, South Carolina.	October 2001
Hightower, J. E., K. J. Magowan, L. M. Brown, and D. A. Fox. 2008. Reliability of fish length estimates using a DIDSON multibeam sonar. DIDSON-Based Fish Assessment Workshop, Alaska Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Anchorage. October 26-28, 2008.	October 2008
Hightower, J. E., J. R. Jackson, and K. H. Pollock. August 2001. Using telemetry methods to estimate natural and fishing mortality of striped bass in Lake Gaston, North Carolina. 131th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Phoenix, Arizona.	August 2001
Hightower, J. E., J. C. Taylor, and D. J. Degan. 2009. Can we estimate abundance of adult striped bass in reservoirs using hydroacoustics? American Fisheries Society, Nashville, Tennessee, August 30-September 3, 2009.	September 2009
Hightower, J. E. September 2001. Restoring habitat for anadromous fishes through dam removal. East Carolina University Student Subunit, American Fisheries Society.	September 2001
Hightower, J. E. March 2001. History of striped bass fishery in the Albemarle Sound area. Striped Bass Workshop (public meeting), Nags Head, North Carolina.	March 2001
Hightower, J. E. April 2001. Restoring habitat for anadromous fish through dam removal. North Carolina Water Resources Association, Raleigh, NC.	April 2001
Hightower, J. E. 2005. Telemetry methods for estimating mortality rates in fish. American Fisheries Society, Anchorage, Alaska, September 11-15, 2005.	September 2005
Hightower, J. E. 2002. Restoring habitat for anadromous fishes through dam removal. Western Carolina University, Biology Department Seminar. February 1, 2002.	February 2002
Hightower, J. E. 2001. Restoration targets for anadromous fishes in the Roanoke River, North Carolina. Determining appropriate restoration targets for fisheries under moratorium: American shad in Chesapeake Bay. Hanover, Maryland. December 12-13, 2001.	December 2001
Hightower, J. E. 2011. Bayesian methods for analyzing fisheries data. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Tampa, Florida, January 13-16.	January 2011
Hightower, J. E. 2008. Historical and current abundance of river herring within Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. Forage Fish Workshop, Marine Fish Conservation Network. Raleigh, NC. April 18, 2008.	April 2008
Hewitt, D. A., and J. E. Hightower. 2003. Estimating the size of anadromous fish spawning runs using stationary, side-looking hydroacoustics. 2003 Spring Meeting, Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Wilmington, North Carolina.	February 2003
Hewitt, D. A., and J. E. Hightower. 2002. Strategies for assessing the total size and migratory patterns of anadromous fish spawning runs. 132th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Baltimore, Maryland.	August 2002
Hewitt, D. A., and J. E. Hightower. 2002. An Evaluation of Anadromous Fish Spawning Runs in the Roanoke River, North Carolina Using a Fishwheel and Stationary, Split-beam Hydroacoustics. North Carolina Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Huntersville, NC.	February 2002
Hewitt, D. A., J. E. Hightower, and K. H. Pollock. 2004. A model for estimating the size of anadromous fish spawning runs using hydroacoustic monitoring data. 134th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Madison, WI, August 22-26, 2004.	August 2004
Herring, G., E. D. Stolen, and J. A. Collazo. Merritt Island National Widlife Refuge and the Indian River Lagoon System:significance for wintering shorebirds and waterfowl, and resident wading birds. 17th International Conference of the Estuarine Research Federation. Seattle, Wa.	September 2003
Herring, G. and J. A. Collazo. Estimating survival and temporary emigration of Lesser Scaup in Florida. North American Duck Symposium. Sacramento, CA.	November 2003
Herring, G. and J. A. Collazo. 2004. Estimating winter survival and temporary emigration of Lesser Scaup in Florida. 6th Annual Conference Florida Wildlife Society.	April 2004
Herring, G. and J. A. Collazo. 2003. Female Lesser Scaup winter foraging and consequences for nutrient reserves. 3rd Annual North American Duck Symposium. Sacramento, CA.	November 2004
Heise, R.J., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, and C.B. Eads. 2014. Effects of small dam removal on a freshwater mussel assemblage in the Deep River of North Carolina: findings and lessons learned. Invited speaker to a symposium on “Lessons Learned by Researchers and Decision Makers Involved in Dam Removal” at the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Biennial Workshop. April 24-25, Portland, Maine.	April 2014	We conducted annual pre- and post-removal monitoring of mussel density, richness, and survival (post removal only) with transect surveys and quadrat excavation, and assessed changes in substrate composition at two impact sites (tailrace and impoundment) and two reference sites. Our results demonstrate that adverse short-term impacts of dam removal on downstream mussel assemblages can be minimized with appropriate planning, timing, and removal techniques, but additional monitoring is warranted
Heise, R.J., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, B. Jones, J.M. Fisk, and C.B. Eads. 2010. Techniques for restoring imperiled aquatic species: assessing the effects of dam removal on a freshwater mussel and fish assemblage. Invited speaker to a Conference and Workshop on Stewardship of our Waters: the 9th Annual Elon University Fall Environmental Forum. October 8, Elon, North Carolina.	October 2010
Heise, R.J., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, and W.C. Starnes. 2006. Dam removal efficacy: an ongoing study of the freshwater mussels and fishes on the Deep River at Carbonton Dam. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. January 31-February 1, Greensboro, North Carolina.	January 2006
Heise, R.J., J.M. Fisk, and T.J. Kwak. 2010. Ecological research to guide robust redhorse management in the Pee Dee River, North and South Carolina. Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Fishes Council. November 11-12, Athens, Georgia.	November 2010
Heise, R.J., J.M. Fisk II, and T.J. Kwak. 2015. From rediscovery to augmentation: conservation of the robust redhorse in the Pee Dee River. Invited speaker to a Symposium entitled “Ecology and conservation of southeastern cypriniform fishes” at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 28-February 1, Savannah, Georgia.	January 2015	To improve understanding and the status of the robust redhorse, a rare and imperiled fish species, a cooperative, voluntary partnership (Robust Redhorse Conservation Committee) was formed between state and federal resource agencies, private industry, and the conservation community. We summarize research and management actions conducted by this group to conserve and enhance the robust redhorse population in the Pee Dee River, NC and SC.
Heise, R.J., B.K. Jones, J.M. Fisk, II, T.J. Kwak, and T.D Ewing. 2011. Research and relicensing on the Pee Dee River, North Carolina. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 22-23, Charlotte, North Carolina.	February 2011
Harris, J. E.., and J. E. Hightower. 2012. Identification of American shad spawning sites and habitat use in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina. NC Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Raleigh, North Carolina, February 28-29, 2012.	February 2012
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2014. Estimating Fishing and Natural Mortality Rates of Albemarle Sound Striped Bass. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Charleston, South Carolina. January 22-26, 2014.	January 2014	This study illustrates how conventional tags, transmitters, and PIT tags can be used to estimate fishing and natural mortality as well as population size for a large and economically important population.
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2012. Migration and mortality of sonic-tagged striped bass in the Roanoke River, North Carolina. Tidewater Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Beaufort, North Carolina, March 8-10, 2012.	March 2012
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2010. Demographic population model for American shad: will access to additional spawning habitat above dams increase population sizes? 2010 Meeting, Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Asheville, NC. February 26-28.	February 2010
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2009. Migratory patterns of American shad transported above dams on the Roanoke River. NC Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Burlington, North Carolina, February 23-25, 2009.	February 2009
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2008. Migratory patterns of American shad transported above dams on the Roanoke River, NC. American Fisheries Society Meeting, Ottawa, Canada. August 17-21, 2008.	August 2008
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Spawning habitat of hickory shad in the Roanoke River, North Carolina. American Fisheries Society, San Francisco, California, September 2-6, 2007.	September 2007
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Hickory shad spawning habitat in the Roanoke River, North Carolina. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters, American Fisheries Society, Danville, Virginia, February 26-28, 2007.	February 2007
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2013. Migration and mortality of striped bass in the Roanoke River and Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Nashville, Tennessee, February 7-10, 2013. [Poster]	February 2013	These preliminary results show that a combination of tagging and telemetry can be used to generate seasonal estimates of fishing and natural mortality, as well as real time estimates of population size.
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2012. Migration and mortality of tagged striped bass in the Roanoke River and Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, August 19-23, 2012.	August 2012
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2011. Identification of American shad spawning sites and spawning habitat use in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Tampa, Florida, January 13-16.	January 2011
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2010. A demographic population model for American shad: Will access to additional spawning habitat upstream of dams increase population sizes?. American Fisheries Society, 140th Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, September 12 – 16, 2010.	September 2010
Harris, J. E., J. E. Hightower, K. Dockendorf, and B. Wynne. 2011. Designing a stocking program to learn more about population dynamics. 141th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Seattle, WA, September 4-8, 2011.	September 2011
Haro, D., N.J. Hostetter, A. A. Yackel Adams, M. M. Miller, S.N. Smith, M.R. Sandfoss, B.L. Welty, A.F. Currylow, F.J. Mazzotti, and C.M. Romagosa. Using removal data to estimate abundance of invasive species to inform management decisions. Invasive Science Research Symposium. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. May 6-8, 2024.	May 2024	We are exploring the integration of multiple data sources to estimate python abundance in the Everglades Francis S. Taylor Wildlife Management Area.
Handa, S., J.R. Fischer, A.C. Engman, A.O. Gill, C.S. Lee Pow, H.V. Daniels, T.J. Kwak, and J.A. Collazo. 2015. Estimation of return migration swimming speed of the sirajo goby, a Caribbean diadromous fish. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 9-14, Baltimore, Maryland. Poster presentation.	August 2015	We determined swimming speeds of post-larvae gobies to characterize the rate of return to the Arecibo River, Puerto Rico, in constant water velocities, as well as the rate of upstream migration in open water velocities,using a Go Pro digital camera. Swimming speed ranged from 1.9 to 29.2 body-lengths/s; these data will facilitate estimating the migration run size.
Haematopology – collaborative focal species research and management in waterbird conservation. Invited plenary lecture. Waterbird Society annual meeting, Annapolis, MD	November 2011
Haematopology - 15 years of collaborative focal species research and management in shorebird conservation. Invited plenary lecture at the 2015 Western Hemisphere Shorebird Meeting, Wallops Island, VA.	September 2015	Summarized research accomplishments of the author and the American Oystercatcher Working Group over the past 15 years.
H. J. Flowers, and J. E. Hightower. 2009. Potential for the Use of Hydroacoustic Technologies in the Study of Sturgeons. 11th Annual Workshop on Gulf Sturgeon, Cedar Key, Florida	November 2009
Gyovai, M.N., J.R. Fischer, A.C. Engman, A.O. Gill, C.S. Lee Pow, H.V. Daniels, T.J. Kwak, and J.A. Collazo. 2015. Characterization of a Caribbean estuarine fishery by use of a creel survey. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 9-14, Baltimore, Maryland. Poster presentation.	August 2015	Our objective was to characterize the goby post-larvae (cetí) fishery in addition to the hook and line recreational fishery that occurred at the mouth of the Rio Grande de Arecibo using point counts and an angler creel survey. Over the course of the survey, 155 anglers and six cetí fishing groups were questioned, providing crucial information to the continued management of conservation of Caribbean estuarine fishes.
Gustafson, L.L, J.F. Levine, W. Showers, W.G. Cope, C. Eads, R. Linnehan, T.J. Kwak, B. Anderson, and M.K. Stoskopf. 2003. Reference ranges for hemolymph chemistries from Elliptio complanata of North Carolina. Biannual Meeting of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. March 16-19, Durham, North Carolina.	March 2003
Grote, A., Zydlewski, M. Bailey, and J. Hightower. 2012. DIDSON assessment of American shad approaching a hydroelectric dam. 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, August 19-23, 2012.	August 2012
Grieshaber, C.A., T.N. Penland, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, F.W. Sessions, J.R. Fischer, J.M. Law, and D. Shea. 2017. Intersex, contaminants, and fish in a regulated, southeastern river. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 15-16, New Bern, North Carolina.	February 2017	We measured a suite of inorganic and organic contaminants, including EACs, and assessed their impacts on fish in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River of North Carolina and South Carolina. Our findings have aided the understanding of the relationship between contaminants and fish health and facilitated ecologically comprehensive management decisions.
Grieshaber, C.A., T.N. Penland, T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, R.J. Heise, F.W. Sessions, J.R. Fischer, J.M. Law, and D. Shea. 2016. Relation of intersex and fish health to contaminants in riverine fishes. 146th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 21-25, Kansas City, Missouri.	August 2016	We measured a suite of inorganic and organic contaminants, including EACs, and assessed their impacts on fish in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River of North Carolina and South Carolina. Our findings have aided the understanding of the relationship between contaminants and fish health and facilitated ecologically comprehensive management decisions.
Grieshaber, C., T. Penland, T. Kwak, G. Cope, R. Heise, F. Sessions, J. Fischer, J. Leonard, C. Lee Pow, J. Archambault, F. Weber, D. Shea, M. Law, J. Rice, S. Kullman, and D. Aday. 2015. Water quality and intersex fish in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 24-25, Carolina Beach, North Carolina.	February 2015	We examined water and sediment contaminants, occurrence and severity of intersex condition in fish, and survival of juvenile fish in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River, NC, during 2012-2014. Our findings of low fish survival rates, intersex occurrence, and contaminant levels are a concern for imperiled fish populations, as well as the overall health of the river ecosystem.
Greiner, R., J. Levine, C. Osborne, T. Kwak, A. Bogan, and D. Buchwalter. 2011. Shredding insects’ potential contribution to freshwater mussel nutrition. 7th Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. April 11-15, Louisville, Kentucky.	April 2011
Gould, NP, NJ Hostetter, C Olfenbuttel, CS Deperno. 2021. Survival and cause-specific mortality for American black bears in a medium-sized city. International Urban Wildlife Conference, Virtual.	May 2021	We identified cause-specific mortality, estimated annual survival and investigated factors influencing survival of black bears across an urbanized landscape in Asheville, North Carolina from 2014 through 2017. Our findings highlight the interacting risks that urban wildlife face and the need to understand the effects of urbanization on demography.
Gladkikh, T, A. Torres, M. Molina , A, Reyes, and J. Collazo. 2018. Barriers and motivations to adopt conservation practices on coffee farms: Case study of Puerto Rico. North American Congress for Conservation Biology July 21-26, Toronto, Ontario.	July 2018	We document farmers’ coffee growing practices and how those connect with conservation objectives. Moreover, we document farmers’ knowledge and attitudes and identify barriers and motivations to adopt conservation practices in coffee plantations in Puerto Rico.
Garner, A.B., T.J. Kwak, K.L. Manuel, and D.H. Barwick. 2008. Intensive grass carp stocking effects on reservoir invasive plants and native fish populations. Invited speaker to the Best Student Paper Symposium at the 138th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 17-21, Ottawa, Ontario.	August 2008
Garner, A.B., T.J. Kwak, D.H. Barwick, and K.L. Manuel. 2007. Intensive grass carp stocking effects on reservoir invasive plants and native fish populations. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. February 27-28, Danville, Virginia.	February 2007
Garner, A.B., T.J. Kwak, D.H. Barwick, and K.L. Manuel. 2007. Intensive grass carp stocking effects on reservoir invasive plants and native fish populations. Annual Meeting of the South Carolina Aquatic Plant Management Society. August 15-17, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.	August 2007
Garner, A.B., T.J. Kwak, D.H. Barwick, and K.L. Manuel. 2007. Intensive grass carp stocking effects on reservoir invasive plants and native fish populations. Annual Meeting of the Aquatic Plant Management Society. July 15-18, Nashville, Tennessee.	July 2007
Gardner, S.T., J.R. Fischer, T.J. Kwak, and R.W Laney. 2017. Towards standardization of age and growth methods and terminology for American Eel: a review and comparison of historical and contemporary approaches. 147th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 20-24, Tampa, Florida. Poster presentation.	August 2017	Our review of previously published peer-reviewed articles, agency reports, theses, and dissertations produced 72 publications that reported aging eels. Overall, numerous discrepancies among aging methods were observed. Our results suggest further research focused on validation of life-history associated checks and verification of aging methods would advance our understanding and ability to manage this ecologically and economically valuable species.
Gardner, B., N.J. Hostetter, S. Sillett, and T.R. Simons. 2017. Data integration to decompose detection probability and improve abundance estimation. Ecological Society of America, 2017 Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon.	August 2017	Presentation illustrates application of integrated approach to applying multiple data sources in the development of a demographic model of the Channel Island Scrub Jay.
Gardner, B., A. H. Waldstein, A. O'Connell, T. R. Simons, and J.A. Royle. Evaluating spatial capture recapture models for estimating density of a raccoon population. Ecologial Society of America, Annual Meeting	August 2010
Gardner B., B.T. McClintock, S.J. Converse, N.J. Hostetter. 2021. Integrating animal movement processes into spatial capture-recapture models. International Conference on Advances In Interdisciplinary Statistics And Combinatorics. Greensboro, NC. 8-10 October 2021.	October 2021	Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models have become widespread for estimating demographic parameters but tend to rely on unrealistic assumptions about animal movement. Herein, we describe SCR-movement models that integrate animal movement processes into SCR models and demonstrate how to formulate, simulate from, and fit this new class of models.
From Program MARK to WinBUGS: Moving toward a hierarchial analysis of avian nest survival. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Austin, TX	August 2011
Friedl, S. E., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, F. S. Scharf, and K. H. Pollock. 2010. Telemetry-based mortality estimates of juvenile spot in two North Carolina estuarine creeks. 24th Annual Meeting,Tidewater Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Annapolis, Maryland, March 18 – 20, 2010.	March 2010
Friedl, S. E., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, F. S. Scharf, and K. H. Pollock. 2010. Telemetry-based mortality estimates of juvenile spot in two North Carolina estuarine creeks. Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society, Asheville, NC. February 26-28.	February 2010
Friedl, S. E., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, F. S. Scharf, and K. H. Pollock. 2010. Telemetry-based mortality estimates of juvenile spot in two North Carolina estuarine creeks. American Fisheries Society, 140th Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, September 12 – 16, 2010.	September 2010
Friedl, S. E., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, F. S. Scharf, and K. H. Pollock. 2009. Telemetry-based survival estimates of juvenile spot in two North Carolina estuaries. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Portland, Oregon, July 24, 2009.	July 2009
Friedl, S. E., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, F. S. Scharf, and K. H. Pollock. 2009. Effects of implanting a relatively large sonic telemetry tag on growth, survival, and tag retention in age-1 spot. Tidewater Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Wilmington, North Carolina, March 12-14, 2009.	March 2009
Freeman, B.J. and T.J. Kwak. 2016. Status of the Chatahoochee bass, Micropterus chattahoochae, in Puerto Rico. Annual Meeting of the Puerto Rico Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. January 8, Cerillos, Puerto Rico.	January 2016	The Chatahoochee bass, Micropterus chattahoochae, was introduced to Puerto Rico in the 1950s, and at least one remnant populations remains extant. We sampled that population and analyzed tissue with molecular techniques to identify pure Chatahoochee Bass, pure Largmouth Bass, and hybrids between the species. This has conservation implications, because the Chatahoochee Bass in its native habitat may be hybridized with no pure specimen available.
Fox, D. A., P. Simpson, L. Brown, K. J. Magowan, and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Atlantic sturgeon of the Delaware: historical perspectives and current approaches to understanding habitat requirements. Delaware Estuary Science Conference, Cape May, New Jersey, January 22-24, 2007.	January 2007
Fox, D. A., J. E. Hightower, L. M. Brown, and M. W. Breece. 2014. Estimated 2007-2013 survival and detection probabilities for Atlantic Sturgeon, based on a long-term telemetry study. 144th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Québec City, Québec. August 17-21, 2014.	August 2014	Atlantic sturgeon are classified as endangered so reliable information on survival by sex and life stage is important for restoration planning. We provide 2009-2013 estimates from telemetered fish based on detections at fixed arrays.
Fox, D. A., A. J. Kaeser, H. J. Flowers, N. Willett, and J. E. Hightower. 2012. Pilot evaluation of side-scan sonar for assessing sturgeon abundance. 14th Annual Gulf Sturgeon Workshop, Panama City, Florida, November 14-16, 2012.	November 2012	This pilot study illustrates the potential for surveying Gulf sturgeon using non-invasive side-scan sonar.
Forest bird communities on managed and unmanaged landscapes in the southern Appalachians. Third North American Ornithological Congress, New Orleans, LA. September 2002.	September 2002
Flowers, H.J., T.J. Kwak, J.R. Fischer, W.G. Cope, J.M. Rash, and D.A. Besler. 2016. Behavior and survival of stocked trout in southern Appalachian Mountain streams. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. March 14-17, Danville, Virginia.	March 2016	We quantitatively described movement behavior and survival of stocked Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in three southern Appalachian Mountain streams in western North Carolina, managed under delayed harvest regulations. Fisheries managers can apply our results to alter stocking regimes to enhance efficiency and may evaluate hatchery practices to improve acclimation of stocked trout to instream environments.
Flowers, H. J., and J. E. Hightower. 2014. Long-term migratory patterns of Roanoke River, NC Atlantic Sturgeon. 144th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Québec City, Québec. August 17-21, 2014.	August 2014	Information about spawning and marine migratory patterns is important for assessing risks and developing effective restoration strategies for Atlantic sturgeon, listed as endangered in the Carolinas.
Flowers, H. J., and J. E. Hightower. Estimating sturgeon abundance in the Carolinas using side-scan sonar and Bayesian models. American Fisheries Society, Little Rock, Arkansas, September 8-12, 2013.	September 2013	This study describes a new approach for estimating absolute abundance of rare species, using non-intrusive methods.
Flowers, H. J., and J. E. Hightower. 2014. Estimating sturgeon abundance in the Carolinas using side-scan sonar and Bayesian models. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Charleston, South Carolina. January 22-26, 2014.	January 2014	This study illustrates a new method for obtaining absolute abundance estimates of a rare (listed) species.
Flowers, H. J., and J. E. Hightower. 2012. A novel approach to surveying sturgeon using side-scan sonar and occupancy modeling. 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, August 19-23, 2012.	August 2012	This study evaluates a new non-invasive approach for monitoring sturgeon, using side-scan sonar.
Flowers, H. J., and J. E. Hightower. 2011. Developing hydroacoustic methods for the study of sturgeons and other large-bodied fishes. 141th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Seattle, WA, September 4-8, 2011.	September 2011
Fisk, J.M., T.J. Kwak, and R.J. Heise. 2012. Modeling suitable riverine habitat for the robust redhorse: an assessment for reintroduction. 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 19-23, St. Paul, Minnesota.	August 2012
Fisk, J.M., T.J. Kwak, and R.J. Heise. 2011. Modeling suitable habitat for the robust redhorse at potential reintroduction sites. Invited speaker to the Robust Redhorse Conservation Committee Annual Meeting. October 4-5, Albemarle, North Carolina.	October 2012
Fisk, J.M., II, T.J. Kwak, and R.J. Heise. 2012. Modeling suitable habitat for the robust redhorse in the Pee Dee River: an assessment for reintroduction. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 28-29, Raleigh, North Carolina.	February 2012
Fisk, J.M., II, T.J. Kwak, and R.J. Heise. 2010. Effects of regulated flows on habitat use of the robust redhorse. Invited speaker to a symposium on the “Restoration of Nongame Species” at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 25-28, Asheville, North Carolina.	February 2010
Fisk, J.M., II, T.J. Kwak, and R.J. Heise. 2010. Effects of regulated flows on habitat use of the robust redhorse. 140th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 12-16, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.	September 2010
Fischer, J.R., T.J. Kwak, and A.C. Engman. 2016. Growth, pelagic larval duration, and exploitation of Caribbean amphidromous gobies. 146th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 21-25, Kansas City, Missouri.	August 2016	Postlarvae of two amphidromous fishes were sampled at the river mouths of Rio Grande de Arecibo and the Rio Mameyes in Puerto Rico from June 2013 to January 2015 to describe temporal dynamics of age, growth, and length at recruitment and to estimate pelagic larval duration and hatch dates. Additionally, exploitation was estimated by directly surveying fishers. Our findings provide greater understanding into the early-life history of amphidromous fishes essential to manage and conserve unique C
Fischer, J.R., T.J. Kwak, H.J. Flowers, W.G. Cope, J.M. Rash, and D.A. Besler. 2016. Condition, diet, and trophic relations of stocked trout in southern Appalachian Mountain streams. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. March 14-17, Danville, Virginia.	March 2016	We evaluated changes in fish condition and diet composition, and conducted a stable isotope analysis of western North Carolina streams that were supported by stockings of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. These findings may enhance management and economic efficiency in refining fish stocking timing, densities, and spatial distribution.
Fischer, J.R., T.J. Kwak, C. Hintz, and R.W. Laney. 2017. Ecology of American Eel in the Roanoke River above and below a hydroelectric dam. 147th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 20-24, Tampa, Florida.	August 2017	Our objective was to describe and compare lentic and lotic dwelling American Eels from below and above Roanoke Rapids Dam to characterize population-level effects of relocation. Our findings provide a greater understanding into the ecology of American Eel that is critical to the management and conservation of migratory populations.
Fischer, J.R., T.J. Kwak, A.C. Engman, and W.E. Smith. 2015. Use of post-larval otoliths to compare age, growth, and pelagic larval durations of Caribbean amphidromous gobies. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Use of Scales, Otoliths and Fin Rays to Determine Age, Growth, and Life History Characteristics of Fishes” at the 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 15-20, Portland, Oregon.	August 2015	Goby post-larvae were sampled weekly at the Rio Grande de Arecibo in Puerto Rico June 2013–October 2014, and daily growth rings were counted from sagittal otoliths to describe temporal patterns in age and length at recruitment, and to estimate pelagic larval duration. Our findings provide crucial information for the ecological understanding and management of Caribbean amphidromous fishes.
Fischer, J.R., T.J. Kwak, A.C. Engman, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2018. Validation and precision of otoliths and dorsal-fin spines for age estimation of Caribbean amphidromous fishes. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. March 8-11, San Juan, Puerto Rico.	March 2018	We evaluated the accuracy and precision of age estimates using otoliths and dorsal-fin spines of two amphidromous fishes, Mountain Mullet Agonostomus monticola and Bigmouth Sleeper Gobiomorus dormitor, from a tropical freshwater river in Puerto Rico. Our results demonstrate that dorsal-fin spines of Mountain Mullet and Bigmouth Sleeper may be used to understand the complex factors influencing amphidromous fishes with traditional age and growth methods.
Fischer, J.R., T.J. Kwak, A.C. Engman, C.A. Grieshaber, and W.E. Smith. 2015. Determination of pelagic larval duration and growth of Caribbean amphidromous fishes. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 28-February 1, Savannah, Georgia.	January 2015	We sampled post-larval Caribbean fish weekly in a Puerto Rico river from June to October 2013 and daily growth rings were counted from sagittal otoliths to describe temporal patterns in age and length at recruitment, and to estimate pelagic larval durations. Overall, results of this study provide crucial information for the ecology and management of Caribbean amphidromous fishes.
Fischer, J.R, T.J. Kwak, H.J. Flowers, W.G. Cope, J.M. Rash, and D.A. Besler. 2015. Condition, diet, and trophic relations of stocked trout in North Carolina streams. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 24-25, Carolina Beach, North Carolina.	February 2015	We evaluated changes in fish condition and diet composition, and conducted a stable isotope analysis of western North Carolina streams that were supported by stockings of rainbow, brown, and brook trout. Although hatchery-reared trout appear to be consuming similar food items to wild fish, differences in diet contribution or reduced feeding may have resulted in lower condition and negative growth. These findings may guide management agencies in refining fish stocking timing, densities, and sp
Fischer, J., T. Kwak, A. Engman, C. Grieshaber, and W. Smith. 2014. Early life age and growth of Caribbean amphidromous fishes. Invited speaker to a Symposium entitled “Contribution of early life history studies to the management of fish populations” at the 144th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society jointly held with the 38th Annual Larval Fish Conference. August 17-21, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.	August 2014	Artisanal fisheries for post-larvae and recreational fisheries for adult amphidromous fishes occur on tropical islands globally with large economic and cultural value. We conducted age and growth studies of post-larval amphidromous fishes in Puerto Rico. Theses results will provide crucial information for the ecology and management of Caribbean amphidromous fishes.
Fifteen Years of American Oystercatcher Research on the Outer Banks of North Carolina - Focal Species Management in a Dynamic Environment. Western Australian Wildlife Research Center, Wanneroo, Western Australia	July 2011
Field Validation and updating of an expert-based Bayesian Belief Network model to set population and habitat objectives for King Rail. USIALE.	April 2010
Felton, S.K., T.R. Simons, K.H. Pollock, and L. Addison. 2014. Harnessing a Collaborative Database for Demographic Modeling of American Oystercatchers. Waterbird Society Annual Meeting, La Paz, Mexico.	November 2014	We present a multistate population model from resight data of breeding oystercatchers on the three main islands of Cape Hatteras National Seashore from 2002-2011.
Felton, S.K., N.J. Hostetter, and T.R. Simons. 2015. Managing American Oystercatcher Population Growth by Targeting Nesting Season Vital Rates. Waterbird Society 2015 Annual Meeting, Bar Harbor, Maine.	August 2015	Assuming accurate vital rates, breeding populations within North Carolina appear to be declining. Nest and chick survival rates required to reverse declines, however, do seem attainable based on historical estimates. Our results are heavily dependent on assumptions of other component vital rates, most notably adult survival. This reveals the need for accurate vital rate estimates to inform management actions to enhance American Oystercatcher populations. Our approach provides valuable insights
Felton, S.K., K.H. Pollock, and T.R. Simons. 2017.Population level effects of American Oystercatcher management: Evaluating spatial and temporal trends in the distribution of breeding pairs and productivity. 7th Western Hemisphere Shorebird Conference, Paracas, Peru.	November 2017	We examined data on the number of breeding pairs and fledged chicks from 85 American Oystercatcher breeding sites along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States to determine how management actions and environmental factors effect breeding success.
Felton, S.K., K.H. Pollock, and T.R. Simons. 2017. Uncovering American Oystercatcher population dynamics, using a collaborative banding data base. 7th Western Hemisphere Shorebird Conference, Paracas, Peru.	November 2017	The American Oystercatcher Working Group has collected banding and re-sight observation data from marked oystercatchers along the east coast of the United States since 1999. Utilizing records for nearly 1500 individuals banded as chicks in North Carolina and re-sighted during the breeding season from 1999 to 2016, we performed multi-state capture-recapture analyses. Preliminary results from age-dependent survival models reveal juvenile survival and breeding adult transition rates to be lower fo
Felton, S.K, K.H. Pollock, and T.R. Simons 2016. Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Nesting American Oystercatchers to Off-Road Vehicles on North Carolina’s National Seashores. Waterbird Society 2016 Annual Meeting.	September 2016	Study evaluates effects of ORV traffic on behavior on nesting shorebirds.
Favrot, S.D. and T.J. Kwak. 2009. Reproductive and habitat ecology of the sicklefin redhorse, an imperiled endemic species of the southern Appalachian Mountains. Invited speaker to the Best Student Paper Symposium at the 139th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 30-September 3, Nashville, Tennessee.	August 2009
Favrot, S.D. and T.J. Kwak. 2008. Comparison of prepositioned areal electrofishing grids and two-way resistance board weirs for assessing migrating stream fish populations. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 28-March 2, Wheeling, West Virginia.	February 2008
Favrot, S.D. and T.J. Kwak. 2008. Comparison of prepositioned areal electrofishers and two-way resistance board weirs for assessing migrating stream fish populations. Invited speaker to the Best Student Paper Symposium at the 138th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 17-21, Ottawa, Ontario.	August 2008
Favrot, S.D. and T.J. Kwak. 2007. Comparison of prepositioned areal electrofishing grids and two-way resistance board weirs for assessing migrating stream fish populations. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. February 27-28, Danville, Virginia.	February 2007
Farnsworth, G.L., K.H. Pollock, J.R. Nichols, T.R. Simons, S.A. Shriner, J.E. Hines, and J.R. Sauer. 2001. Estimating density from point count surveys divided into time and distance categories. Cooper Ornithological Society, Albuquerque, New Mexico.	August 2001
Farnsworth, G.L. and T.R. Simons. 2000. Estimating seasonal fecundity in songbirds: a comparison of several models. Society for Conservation biology, Missoula, Montana	June 2000
Farnsworth, G. L., K. H. Pollock, J. L. Nichols, T. R. Simons, J. E. Hines, and J. R. Sauer. 2000. A removal model for estimating detection probabilities from point count surveys. American Ornithologists Union, St. Johns, Newfounland.	August 2000
Factors affecting nesting success of American Oystercatchers in North Carolina. Third North American Ornithological Congress, New Orleans, LA. September 2002 (presented by Conor McGowan).	September 2002
Factors affecting detection probabilities of point count surveys. American Ornithologists' Union Annual Meeting, Santa Barbara, CA, August 2005, (presented by Mat Alldredge).	August 2005
Experimental analysis of detection probabilities on avian point count surveys. American Ornithologists' Union Annual Meeting, Santa Barbara, CA, August 2005.	August 2005
Estimating temporary emigration and detectability in Plethodon Salamanders using Pollock's robust design. Society for Conservation Biology, Canterbury, England. July 2002 (presented by Larissa Bailey).	July 2002
Estimating detection distance to birds detected by song. American Ornithologists' Union Annual Meeting, Santa Barbara, CA, August 2005 (presented by Mat Alldredge).	August 2005
Erickson, D.L., and J. E. Hightower. 2003. Oceanic distribution and behavior of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) off the Oregon and Washington coasts. 133rd Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Quebec City, Canada.	August 2003
Erickson, D., and J. E. Hightower. 2003. Oceanic distribution and behavior of green sturgeon off the Oregon and Washington coasts. 2003 Annual Meeting, Oregon Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Eugene, Oregon, February 26-28, 2003.	February 2003
Erickson, D., G. Bryja, S. Lindley, M. Moser, M. Belchik, A. Kahnle, M. Millard, J. Weber, J. Hightower, E. Pikitch, and P. Doukakis. 2007. Spatial habitat use in anadromous North American sturgeons and its importance for conservation. American Fisheries Society, San Francisco, California, September 2-6, 2007.	September 2007
Erickson, D. L., J. A. North, J. E. Hightower, J. Weber, and L. Lauck. July 2001. Habitat use of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) in the Rogue River, Oregon. 4th International Symposium on Sturgeon. Oskosh, WI.	June 2001
Erbland, P. J., G. B. Zydlewski, J. Zydlewski, and J. E. Hightower. 2011. Fixed, side-aspect acoustic sampling of a diverse diadromous fish community in a tidal river. 141th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Seattle, WA, September 4-8, 2011.	September 2011
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, and J.R. Fischer. 2017. Una jartera bajo la luz de la luna menguante: the trophic function of postlarval amphidromous goby recruitment. Annual Meeting of the Puerto Rico Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. March 1, Salinas, Puerto Rico.	March 2017	We resolved the recruitment phenology of Caribbean amphidromous gobies by quantifying seasonal and lunar periodicity of recruit abundances at multiple river mouths in Puerto Rico. We also determined the trophic role of amphidromous postlarval ingress with diet analysis of estuarine and riverine predatory fishes. Our results and conclusions are useful for Caribbean ecosystem and fisheries managers.
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, and J.R. Fischer. 2016. Temporal and spatial patterns of recruitment in Caribbean amphidromous fishes. Annual Meeting of the Puerto Rico Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. January 8, Cerillos, Puerto Rico.	January 2016	We quantitatively sampled amphidromous post-larvae at multiple temporal scales in the Río Grande de Arecibo, Puerto Rico, and used periodic regression to model recruitment phenology. We also sampled post-larvae during peak recruitment times in seven Puerto Rico rivers to explore river discharge, watershed size, and habitat characteristics as physical drivers of recruitment. Our results identify the lunar cycle as a primary temporal driver of amphidromous recruit abundances in Puerto Rico and r
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, and J.R. Fischer. 2015. Patterns and drivers of recruitment in Caribbean amphidromous fishes. 145th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 15-20, Portland, Oregon.	August 2015	We quantitatively sampled amphidromous post-larvae at multiple temporal scales in the Río Grande de Arecibo, Puerto Rico, and used periodic regression to model recruitment phenology. We also sampled post-larvae during peak recruitment times in seven Puerto Rico rivers to explore river discharge, watershed size, and habitat characteristics as physical drivers of recruitment. Our results identify the lunar cycle as a primary temporal driver of amphidromous recruit abundances in Puerto Rico and r
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, P.B. Cooney, W.E. Smith, E.N. Buttermore, and C.H. Brown. 2013. Ecology and conservation of Caribbean island stream fishes. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 7-10, Nashville, Tennessee.	February 2013	Diadromous fish assemblages on Caribbean islands have unique life histories and face special threats from human activities. Recent research is guiding and enhancing their conservation and management.
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, J.R. Fischer, and W.G. Cope. 2016. A half-moonlight feast: trophic function of postlarval amphidromous goby recruitment in Caribbean freshwater-marine ecotones. 146th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 21-25, Kansas City, Missouri.	August 2016	We resolved the recruitment phenology of Caribbean amphidromous gobies by quantifying seasonal and lunar periodicity of recruit abundances at multiple river mouths in Puerto Rico. We also determined the trophic role of amphidromous postlarval ingress with diet analysis of estuarine and riverine predatory fishes. Our results and conclusions are useful for Caribbean ecosystem and fisheries managers.
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, J.R. Fischer, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2018. Fish assemblages and fisheries resources in Puerto Rico’s riverine estuaries. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Restoring Water Flows – Riparian Connectivity in Action for Fisheries Conservation” at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. March 8-11, San Juan, Puerto Rico.	March 2018	We sampled the fish assemblages of four estuaries, which are broadly representative of riverine estuaries in Puerto Rico, using a combination of passive (gill nets) and active (beach seine) gears. Our results may benefit conservation and fisheries management efforts in lower river reaches and estuaries throughout the Caribbean, because they quantify typical fish assemblage structure and fisheries resources, identify drivers of variability, and provide insight into the distribution of natural re
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, J.R. Fischer, and C.A. Grieshaber. 2015. Temporal dynamics and the ecological role of recruitment in Caribbean amphidromous fishes. Invited speaker to a Symposium entitled “Do macro-consumers matter? Researching the effects of large-bodied biota on aquatic ecosystems” at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 28-February 1, Savannah, Georgia.	January 2015	We sampled amphidromous post-larvae at the mouths of two rivers in Puerto Rico during the 2013 to 2014 recruitment season. Additionally, we sampled the diet of estuarine and freshwater predatory fishes during a peak recruitment episode. Our results reveal temporal relationships between the lunar cycle and amphidromous post-larval recruitment, document intra-annual variation in peak recruit abundance, and demonstrate predation on post-larvae by fishes that are recreationally and ecologically va
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, J.R. Fischer, and C.A. Grieshaber. 2014. Recruitment phenology of Caribbean amphidromous fishes. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 18-19, Durham, North Carolina.	February 2014	We quantitatively sampled amphidromous post-larvae at the mouth of the Arecibo River, Puerto Rico, from June to October 2013 and determined the pelagic larval duration of recruits by examining otolith microstructure. This study is the first to determine post-larval recruitment phenology and age at recruitment of amphidromous fishes of Puerto Rico, which provides crucial information for the ecology and management of Caribbean amphidromous fishes.
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, J.R. Fischer, and C.A. Grieshaber. 2014. Lunar influences on recruitment phenology of Caribbean amphidromous fishes. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 23-26, Charleston, South Carolina.	January 2014	We developed a quantitative sampling method to study the post-larval recruitment phenology of amphidromous fishes on the island of Puerto Rico. Our results provide a repeatable and efficient, standard method for sampling and monitoring post-larval recruitment and identify specific timing that is crucial for the ecology and management of Caribbean amphidromous fishes.
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, J.R. Fischer, C.G. Lilyestrom, D.J. Padilla Rivera, A.S. Maurer, R.J. Benítez Joubert, and C.A. Greishaber. 2015. Life history and ecological research to inform the management of Puerto Rico riverine fisheries. Estudios del ciclo de vida y ecologicos con el fin de informar al manejo de las pesquerías ribereñas de Puerto Rico. Invited speaker to the Annual Meeting of the Puerto Rico Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. January 17, Cerillos, Puerto Rico.	January 2015	We present over a decade of Puerto Rico stream fisheries research on sampling, management scales, biology, ecology, and early life stages. This knowledge will assist commonwealth and federal agencies in conservation and management of freshwater ecosystems on the island and throughout the Caribbean region.
Engman, A.C., T.J. Kwak, A. Ramírez, B.J.E. Myers, and A.J. Lynch. 2018. Hydrological feast or famine: impacts of drought and hurricanes on Caribbean fish assemblages. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Extreme Events and Inland Fish” at the 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 19-23, Atlantic City, New Jersey.	August 2018	We review ecological resistance and resilience concepts in the context of tropical island stream ecosystems and synthesize multiple fish assemblage datasets that document the effects of drought, flooding, and exotic species introductions on Puerto Rico stream and river fish assemblages. These findings are critical information for planning climate change adaptation strategies in aquatic ecosystems.
Engman, A.C., T.J. Ivasauskas, W.N. Xiong, J.R. Fischer, T.J. Kwak, and K.R. Rundle. 2018. Satisfaction lies in the effort, not the attainment: sport fish resources and angler use and experience in an urban small impoundment fishery. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Urban Fisheries” at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 24-27, Galveston, Texas.	January 2019	We simultaneously characterized the Lake Raleigh recreational fishery and sport fish assemblage with an angler survey and boat electrofishing in 2015. Our study highlights the unique preferences and behaviors of urban anglers, indicates that even minimally managed urban fisheries can provide high angler satisfaction, and demonstrates how integrating education with research can improve the cooperative management of urban small impoundments.
Engman, A.C., B.J.E. Myers, A. Ramírez, and T.J. Kwak. 2019. Flow regime influences the trajectory of ecosystem transformation in tropical island urban streams. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Responding to Ecosystem Transformations: Resist, Accept, or Direct?” at the Joint Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society. September 29-October 3, Reno, Nevada.	September 2019	A long-term study in a Puerto Rico stream revealed inherent resistance to fish assemblage shifts through urbanization and exotic species introductions. Invasion resistance was lost under extreme drought conditions but a return to baseline flood frequency and two hurricanes were linked to assemblage resilience. These results and multiple life-history studies of native amphidromous fishes suggest that flow regime functions as an environmental filter that dictates the composition of novel tropical
Engman, A.C. T.J. Kwak, J.R. Fischer, and W.G. Cope. 2017. The ecological role of amphidromous fish recruitment in Caribbean freshwater–marine ecotones. Annual Meeting of the Society for Freshwater Science. June 4-9, Raleigh, North Carolina.	June 2017	In this study we quantify seasonal and lunar periodicity of recruit abundances to river mouths in Puerto Rico and determine the trophic role of amphidromous mass recruitment events with diet analysis of estuarine and riverine predatory fishes. We also identify the role of amphidromous fish recruitment in nutrient and pollutant dynamics across the freshwater–marine ecotone with stable isotope and contaminant analyses. Our results and conclusions are useful for understanding Caribbean fisheries a
Engman, A., T. Kwak, J. Fischer, and C. Grieshaber. 2014. Recruitment phenology of Caribbean amphidromous fishes. Invited speaker to a Symposium entitled “Contribution of early life history studies to the management of fish populations” at the 144th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society jointly held with the 38th Annual Larval Fish Conference. August 17-21, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.	August 2014	Amphidromous fishes are a major component of tropical coastal and island lotic fish assemblages. We determined post-larval recruitment phenology (timing, abundance, and cues) in amphidromous fishes of Puerto Rico, which provides crucial information for the ecology and management of Caribbean stream fishes.
Ellis, T. A., J. E. Hightower, J. A. Buckel, and K.H. Pollock. 2014. Relative importance of fishing and natural mortality of spotted seatrout at northern latitudinal limits. 144th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Québec City, Québec. August 17-21, 2014.	August 2014	Natural mortality plays a critical role in fish population dynamics and in management. This study illustrates the use of conventional and telemetry tagging to show that natural mortality is seasonally high and variable among years, with important implications for assessment.
Ellis, T. A., J. A. Buckel, and J. E. Hightower. A Tag-Return Model for Estimating Mortality of Spotted Seatrout in North Carolina. Tidewater Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Solomons, MD, March 21-23, 2013.	March 2013	Management of spotted seatrout in North Carolina is currently based on harvest data and an assumed rate of natural mortality. This study provides new field-based estimates of fishing and natural mortality that should improve management.
Ellis, T. A., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, and K.H. Pollock. Submitted for FSP. Estimates of fishing and natural mortality rates of spotted seatrout from tag-return and survey data. North Carolina Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Durham, North Carolina. February 18-19, 2014.	February 2014	Analyses of tagging and survey data show high levels of natural mortality and high variability from year to year, depending on winter severity. This information can be used to improve future stock assessments and management of spotted seatrout.
Ellis, T. A., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, and K.H. Pollock. 2014. Estimates of fishing and natural mortality rates of spotted seatrout from tag-return, telemetry, and survey data. Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Charleston, South Carolina. January 22-26, 2014.	January 2014	This study provides information needed for effective management of a marine and estuarine species that supports important commercial and recreational fisheries.
Ellis, T. A., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, and B. Burns. 2011. Estimating fishing and natural mortality of spotted seatrout in North Carolina using conventional and telemetry tagging. 141th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Seattle, WA, September 4-8, 2011.	September 2011	This study provides preliminary estimates of fishing and natural mortality for a species of commercial and recreational importance in North Carolina.
Eggleston, D. B., E. G. Johnson, and J.E. Hightower. 2000. Population dynamics and density-dependence in the blue crab in NC. Blue Crab Symposium, Wilmington, North Carolina. March, 2000.	March 2000
Effects of human recreation of the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers. 2006. Western Hemisphere Shorebird Science Meeting, Boulder, CO, (presented by Conor McGowan).	October 2006
Effects of human activity on American Oystercatchers breeding at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina. North American Ornithological Conference, Vancouver, BC, August 2012	August 2012
Effects of human activity on American Oystercatchers breeding at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina. Ecological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Austin, TX	August 2011
Effects of acid deposition and calcium depletion on high elevation Southern Appalachian songbirds and terrestrial snails. 2006 Advances in Threat Assessment and Their Application to Forest and Rangeland Management Conference, Boulder, CO. (poster)	August 2006
Eaton, M.J., M.H. Shirley, T.J. Kwak, P. Mozumder, B.J. Evans, T. Trefon, and M.L. Wieland. 2019. Ecological dynamics and adaptive management of fisheries and wildlife in a coupled social-ecological system in a Central African flooded forest. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Fisheries and Wildlife as Coupled Human and Natural Systems” at the Joint Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society. September 29-October 3, Reno, Nevada.	September 2019	To understand the effect of these interactions and drivers on coupled systems, we have proposed an integrative study of a human-wildlife-fisheries system in the peat-swamp forests of northern Republic of Congo. Our research into the motivations driving resource exploitation, the impacts to harvested stocks, and feedback mechanisms among trophic levels will provide inference on the processes governing coupled systems. We will place this understanding of complex interactions within and between h
Eaton, M.J., A.J. Terando, J. A. Collazo. 2024. Using portfolio theory to optimize protected-area design for conserving Caribbean herpetofauna vulnerable to climate change uncertainty. American Geophysical Union (AGU) Conference, December 9-13, Washington DC.	August 2024	We demonstrate an approach to formalize assets diversification by using the spatial correlation structure of a collection of land parcels to quantify the degree of risk for any proposed reserve design.
Eaton, M., A. Terando, J. Collazo, D. Casanova, N. Rios-Lopez. Enhancing the resilience of island amphibians under global change: a case study of Puerto Rico’s endangered plains coqui (Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi).	October 2021	We are applying broad-scale distribution models to identify candidate sites that may serve as climate refugia and those whose future conditions may not support sustainable populations.
E.T. Rose and T.R. Simons. 2014. Using spacecraft, aircraft, and field observations to identify patterns in bird distribution following changes in fire management. 2014 All Taxa Biodiversity Conference, Great Smokies National Park.	March 2014	Work assesses the effects of a long term prescribed fire management program in a National Park. Breeding bird communities are used as a model system.
Dziwulski, K. E., C. A. Drew, and J. A. Collazo. Habitat ecology and validation of expert-based predictions about eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) responses to Christmas tree production practices in the North Carolina Appalachians. The Wildlife Society Conference; Student Research in Progress Posters	October 2014	Expert-opinion offers a wealth of information that could help inform conservation decisions in human-modified landscapes. We generate expert-based predictions using a Bayesian approach, and test their utility using small mammals in Christmas Tree Plantations in North Carolina.
Dziwulski, K. E., C. A. Drew, J. A. Collazo, and D. T. Cobb. 2015. Ecology and resource selection of eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) ecology on Christmas tree farms to test the utility of an expert-based biodiversity metric for agricultural landscapes. Poster Session, TWS, October.	October 2015	We assess the utility of expert opinion as prior information to conduct ecological research and inform management decisions in human-modified landscapes.
Dunn. 2023. From pre-med to fish doc: lessons from an early career fisheries professional. Invited presentation to North Carolina State University sub-unit of the American Fisheries Society. Raleigh, NC.	October 2023	Overview of my research program and career path.
Dunn, C.G., and C.P. Paukert. 2024. Casting a wider net: optimizing sampling to monitor imperiled fishes in southeastern rivers. Annual meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Sylva, NC	February 2024	This research highlights an effectively sampling approach for fish species of concern in non-wadeable rivers.
Dunn, C.G., Sleezer, L.J., M.E. Colvin, D.A. Schumann, M Wagner, D.T. Jones-Farrand, E. Rivenbark, S. McRae, and J. Gilbert. 2024. Believe it or not – A Bayesian network for estimating imperilment of data-deficient fishes. Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. Chattanooga, TN	January 2024	This research validates an imperilment risk-assessment tool, built to assist the US Fish and Wildlife Service with Species Status Assessments for southeastern US fishes.
Dunn, C.G., Sleezer, L.J., M.E. Colvin, D.A. Schumann, M Wagner, D.T. Jones-Farrand, E. Rivenbark, S. McRae, and J Gilbert. 2023. Believe it or not – A Bayesian network for estimating imperilment of data-deficient fishes. Annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society. Grand Rapids, Michigan	August 2023	This research validates an imperilment risk-assessment tool, built to assist the US Fish and Wildlife Service with Species Status Assessments for southeastern US fishes.
Drew, C.A., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, T. Augspurger, and S. McRae. 2013. Hierarchical modeling of suitable habitat and occupancy with Bayesian networks: a case study with the Tar River spinymussel. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 26-27, Burlington, North Carolina.	February 2013	This study developed models to predict suitable habitat and its occupancy by freshwater mussels. These models can be used to support conservation decisions at broad spatial scales.
Drew, C. A., Jaime A. Collazo, Kara Dziwulski. Metrics to measure and communicate the biodiversity costs and opportunities in commercial agriculture systems. Symposium at the North America Congress for Conservation Biology (NACCB), University of Montana July 13 – 16, 2014.	July 2014	Expert-based predictions have the potential to serve as a standardized way to estimate and compare impacts on biodiversity within managed systems (e.g., agriculture). Expert knowledge could also be utilized to promote effective collaboration between private landowners and state/federal agencies by providing a foundation to set shared conservation objectives and enhancing communication.
Desrochers, H.M., N. Peterson, L. Larson, C. Moorman, N.J. Hostetter. The Role of Emotions in Predicting Perceptions of Risk Posed by Wildlife Disease. The Wildlife Society. Baltimore, Maryland, 19-23 October 2024.	October 2024	We investigated the role of emotions as drivers of risk perceptions related to wildlife disease in Durham County, NC. Emotions toward deer were significant predictors of perceived risk and had larger effect sizes than demographic variables.
Desrochers, H.M., N. Peterson, L. Larson, C. Moorman, N.J. Hostetter. Emotions Predict Perceptions of Risk toward Wildlife Disease. Pathways Europe 2024: Revisiting What Is Wild for Coexisting. Cordoba, Spain, 13-16 October 2024.	October 2024	We investigated the role of emotions as drivers of risk perceptions related to wildlife disease in Durham County, NC. Emotions toward deer were significant predictors of perceived risk and had larger effect sizes than demographic variables.
DeRolph, C., S.A. Nelson, H.I. Cakir, T.J. Kwak, M. Fuentes, and E. Hain. 2008. Development and implementation of a remote sensing-based land cover classification system to evaluate changes in watershed land cover and the associated response of wild trout populations. 93rd Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 3-8, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.	August 2008
Davis A, K Pacifici, SH Schweitzer, NJ Hostetter. Illumination of Factors Affecting Occupancy, Detection, and Relative Abundance of Alligators Observed during Annual Spotlight Surveys in North Carolina. 2023. The Wildlife Society - North Carolina Chapter Meeting. 7-9 Feb 2023. Sherrills Ford, North Carolina. Poster.	February 2023	North Carolina is the northern range limit of the American alligator. We are evaluating the use of spotlight surveys to monitor alligator occupancy and relative abundance in North Carolina.
Cove, M.V., T.R. Simons, B. Gardner, and A. O'Connell. 2016. Co-occurrence dynamics of endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbits and free-ranging cats. The Wildlife Society, Annual Meeting, Raleigh NC.	October 2016	Marsh rabbit colonization was negatively associated with relative increases in the number of individual cats at each site over 1-2 years. Dynamic co-occurrence models also suggested that the two species are negatively associated spatially, but co-detections at sites were positively associated. These findings indicate that continued predator management in protected areas would likely benefit marsh rabbits as they re-colonize restored habitats.
Cove, M.V., B. Gardner, T.R. Simons, and A. O'Connell, 2017. Exotic predators affect prey behavior with potential for trophic cascades in island ecosystems. 12th International Mammal Congress, Perth, Australia.	July 2017	This presentation discusses potential implications of trophic cascades when woodrats act as ecosystem engineers, providing refugia for other species, concentrating woody vegetation for decomposition, and dispersing and caching seeds on the island of Key Largo, Florida.
Cove, M., T.R. Simons, B. Gardner, and A. O'Connell. 2014. DETERMINING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL OVERLAPS OF ENDANGERED SMALL MAMMALS AND THEIR INVASIVE PREDATORS IN THE FLORIDA KEYS: INFERENCE FROM CAMERA TRAPS. The Wildlife Society, Annual Meeting.	October 2014	We used camera traps set to specifically target the small mammals and separate but concurrent surveys of predators to determine direct and indirect effects. Preliminary results reveal that the endangered small mammals exhibit high spatial and temporal overlap with the invasive predators. As invasive predator management continues, we will use dynamic occupancy models to determine these relationships and evaluate its effectiveness for endangered species recovery.
Cove, M., T.R. Simons, B. Gardner, A. O'Connell. 2014. Determining spatial and temporal overlaps of endangered small mammals and their invasive predators in the Florida Keys: inference from camera traps. Central Plains Society of Mammalogists, Annual Meeting.	October 2014	We used camera traps set to specifically target the small mammals and separate but concurrent surveys of predators to determine direct and indirect effects. Preliminary results reveal that the endangered small mammals exhibit high spatial and temporal overlap with the invasive predators. As invasive predator management continues, we will use dynamic occupancy models to determine these relationships and evaluate its effectiveness for endangered species recovery.
Cove, M., T. Simons, B. Gardner, and A. O’Connell. 2016.Exotic predators affect prey behavior with potential for trophic cascades in island ecosystems. The Wildlife Society 2016 Annual Meeting.	October 2016	Endangered Key Largo Woodrats may act as ecosystem engineers, providing refugia for other species, concentrating woody vegetation for decomposition, and dispersing and caching seeds on the island of Key Largo.
Cove, M., T. Simons, B. Gardner, and A. O'Connell. 2015. Free-ranging cats (Felis catus) on public lands: estimating density and movement by pairing camera traps and spatial capture-recapture. 2015 Wildlife Society Meeting, Manitoba, Canada.	October 2015	Work illustrates the application of spatial capture-recapture methods for estimating the abundance of feral cats. Feral cats are a major threat to native wildlife in many locations.
Cove, M., T. Simons, B. Gardner, and A. O'Connell. 2015. Determining spatial and temporal overlaps of endangered small mammals and their invasive predators. American Society of Mammalogists. 2015 annual meeting, Jacksonville, FL.	June 2015	We used camera traps set to specifically target the small mammals and separate but concurrent surveys of predators to determine direct and indirect effects. Preliminary results reveal that the endangered small mammals exhibit high spatial and temporal overlap with the invasive predators, suggesting high potential for negative interactions. As invasive predator management continues, we will use dynamic occupancy models to determine these relationships and evaluate its effectiveness for endangere
Costanza, J. K., R. C. Abt, A. J. McKerrow, and J. A. Collazo. Assessing landscape impacts of potential bioenergy production scenarios using spatially explicit state-and-transition simulation models.	September 2014	The landscape impacts of renewable fuel alternatives have not been fully assessed. The STSM framework is critical for helping identify tradeoffs between landscape impacts and society’s need for renewable fuels.
Cope, W.R., T.J. Kwak, and T.R. Black. 2016. Status, trends, and ecology of the endemic Carolina madtom. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Catfish Research and Management” at the Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. March 14-17, Danville, Virginia.	March 2016	The Carolina Madtom, Noturus furiosus, is a nongame catfish endemic to the Tar and Neuse river basins of North Carolina. Systematic surveying of Carolina Madtom populations first began in 1962, and subsequent surveys in 1989 and 2007 have shown declining occurrence and abundance in the Neuse River basin, with stable populations in the Tar basin. We plan to visually snorkel survey both river basins to document current distribution and abundance, perform instream gear calibrations and basinwide
Cope, W.R., T.J. Kwak, T.R. Black, K. Pacifici, S.C. Harris, C.M. Miller, M.E. Raley, and E.M. Hallerman. 2020. Genetic structure and diversity of the endemic Carolina madtom and conservation implications. Invited speaker to Catfish 2020, Communicating Catfish Science: The Third International Symposium. February 18-21, Little Rock, Arkansas.	February 2020	To assess the genetic structure of the Carolina Madtom, we analyzed genetic markers from 173 individuals to (1) define its population genetic structure, (2) determine intra- and inter-basin genetic differences of populations in the Neuse and Tar river basins, and (3) present management implications to guide conservation efforts. Our findings will inform managers on the status of the genetic variation in the Carolina Madtom and guide conservation and management decisions to maintain the viabilit
Cope, W.R., T.J. Kwak, T.R. Black, K. Pacifici, E.M. Hallerman, and C. Miller. 2018. Status, habitat, and genetics of the endemic Carolina Madtom. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. March 8-11, San Juan, Puerto Rico.	March 2018	In 2016, we sampled 20, 150-m reaches in Carolina Madtom snorkel surveys, and in 2017, we surveyed three to four, 30-m sites within 16, 4-km reaches for a total of 55 surveys. Findings from surveys and genetic analyses will be applied to inform future species protective listing decisions and potential population augmentation in the Neuse River basin.
Cope, W.R., T.J. Kwak, T.R. Black, K. Pacifici, E.M. Hallerman, and C. Miller. 2018. Status, habitat, and genetics of the endemic Carolina Madtom. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 21-22, Morganton, North Carolina.	February 2018	In 2016, we sampled 20, 150-m reaches in Carolina Madtom snorkel surveys, and in 2017, we surveyed three to four, 30-m sites within 16, 4-km reaches for a total of 55 surveys. Findings from surveys and genetic analyses will be applied to inform future species protective listing decisions and potential population augmentation in the Neuse River basin.
Cope, W.R., T.J. Kwak, T.R. Black, K. Pacifici, E.M. Hallerman, S. C. Harris, C. Miller, and M.E. Raley. 2018. Status, habitat, and genetics of the endemic Carolina Madtom. Invited speaker to the “Best Student Presentation Symposium” at the 148th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 19-23, Atlantic City, New Jersey.	August 2018	In 2016, we sampled 20, 150-m reaches in Carolina Madtom snorkel surveys, and in 2017, we surveyed three to four, 30-m sites within 16, 4-km reaches for a total of 55 surveys. Findings from surveys and genetic analyses will be applied to inform future species protective listing decisions and potential population augmentation in the Neuse River basin.
Cope, W.G., T.J. Kwak, N.C. Oakley, F.M. Holliman, R.B. Bringolf, and K.J. Dockendorf. 2011. Recovery of shortnose sturgeon and American shad in the Roanoke River: water quality implications. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 22-23, Charlotte, North Carolina.	February 2011
Cope, W.G., R.M. Heltsley, D. Shea, R.B. Bringolf, T.J. Kwak, and E.G. Malindzak. 2006. Development of novel, non-lethal sampling techniques to assess organic contaminants in fish. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. January 31-February 1, Greensboro, North Carolina.	January 2006
Cooney, P.B., T.J. Kwak, C.H. Brown, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2008. Factors influencing the distribution and density of Puerto Rico stream fishes. 138th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 17-21, Ottawa, Ontario.	August 2008
Cooney, P.B., T.J. Kwak, C.H. Brown, K.H. Pollock, and C.G. Lilyestrom. 2008. Puerto Rico stream fishes: sampling, distribution, and influential factors. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 19-20, Greenville, North Carolina.	February 2008
Cooney, P.B. and T.J. Kwak. 2011. Influence of dams, big and small, on tropical diadromous fishes. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. January 13-16, Tampa, Florida.	January 2011
Cooney, P.B. and T.J. Kwak. 2011. Influence of dams, big and small, on tropical diadromous fishes. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 22-23, Charlotte, North Carolina.	February 2011
Cooney, P.B. and T.J. Kwak. 2011. Influence of dams, big and small, on tropical diadromous fishes. 141st Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 4-8, Seattle, Washington.	September 2011
Converse SJ, NJ Hostetter, SM Amburgey, AE Bratt, AJ DuVall, BK Thompson, LS Petracca, HA Sipe, MH Sorel, AJ Warlick, and M Kadin. 2022. Synchrony in seabird survival: drivers at multiple spatial scales. Pacific Seabird Group Conference, Online. 23-25 February.	February 2022	Synchrony in the demographic rates of spatially structured populations has important implications for population viability, while reflecting the scale at which environmental conditions shape populations. We investigated synchrony in survival in the Common Murre (Uria aalge) in the Baltic Sea, and our results indicate the Murre populations appear to be responding to large-scale forces shaping conditions in the Baltic, which has implications for long-term trajectories for this population.
Content and Context: Predicting occupancy for avian species in southeastern United States. USIALE.	April 2010
Conservation Design for avian species in Southeastern United States. Board Meeting, Atlantic Coast Joint Venture, Baltimore, MD.	December 2009
Comparison of nest success and chick growth on traditional and non-traditional island sites for the American Oystercatcher in North Carolina. North American Ornithological Conference, Vancouver, BC, August 2012	August 2012
Comparing expert model predictions and field data for King Rail: building better management tools for secretive marsh birds. Waterbird Society.	November 2009
Collazo, Jaime. A. Regional Climate Variations and Change for Terrestrial Ecosystems Workshop Bridging the gap between mechanistic and static SDMs.	May 2013	The workshop brought together approximately 40 scientists, mostly from the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill area, to discuss challenges and uncertainties of understanding the interactions of climate and ecosystems across the Carolinas.
Collazo, J.A., T.H. White, F.J. Vilella, and S. Guerrero. 2020. Survival of Radio-Tagged Captive-Reared Hispaniola Parrots in a Protected Area Through and after Hurricane Georges in the Dominican Republic. North American Ornithological Congress, August 10-15, 2020. Virtual Conference.	August 2020	Here we report on movements and survival of Hispaniola Parrots released in Parque nacional del Este, Dominican Republic before and following hurricane Georges in September 1998. Results were instrumental in developing release protocols for the critically endangered Puerto Rican Parrot.
Collazo, J.A., P.L. Fackler, and M.A. Parks. 2016. Decision model to maximize quality of managed, coastal wetlands for migratory shorebirds in the tropics. Sixth Western Hemisphere Shorebird Group Meeting 2015 - Shorebirds Without Borders. Chincoteague Bay Field Sation, Wallops Island, VA.	September 2015	We developed a decision model to help guide managers working in coastal tropical wetlands to maximize habitat quality for migratory shorebirds. Our decision model guides managers in the use of pumps to maximize accessible habitat (≤4 cm depth) at salinity levels at ~45 ppt to foster prey density, given constraints of time available to managers to implement management actions.
Collazo, J.A. 2022. Research strengthens the creation and implementation of the Conservation Blueprint for the US Caribbean. Organizing meeting sponsored by SECAS, St. Croix, USVS, Sept. 29.	September 2022	This work identifies current research needs, and how existing research helps create and implement a Conservation Blueprint for the US Caribbean.
Collazo, J. A., T. H. White, F. J. Vilella, and S. Guerrero. Survival of radio-tagged captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots in a protected area through and after Hurricane Georges in the Dominican Republic.	August 2020	Our work quantifies the impacts of hurricanes on parrots in the Caribbean. It classifies the Hispaniolan Parrot as an adapter to such threats according to a trait-based assessment of avian vulnerability to environmental change.
Collazo, J. A., Rivera-Burgos, R.Chaparro, E. Martinez, A. J. Terando, and M. Eaton. Mechanistic modeling for amphibians in the U.S. Caribbean. TWS conference, 2021(virtual).	November 2021	This work defines tolerance limits (thresholds) of representative Eleutherodactylus amphibians frogs in Puerto Rico.
Collazo, J. A., P. L. Fackler, T. H. White, I. Llerandi-Roman, and S. J. Dinsmore. 2011. Reintroduction of Puerto Rican Parrots:decisions and learning in a highly managed setting. 18th The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, November 5-10, Waikoloa, Hawaii.	November 2011
Collazo, J. A., P. L. Fackler, T. H. White, I. Llerandi-Roman, and S. J. Dinsmore. 2011. Reintroduction of Puerto Rican Parrots: decisions and learning in a highly managed setting. 18th The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, November 5-10, Waikoloa, Hawaii. (INVITED)	December 2011
Collazo, J. A., M. Iglecia, and A. McKerrow. Avian species richness and Sensitivity to urban landscapes In southeastern United States. Presented at Southeastern Partners in Flight Meeting, February 6-9, 2012. Raleigh, NC.	February 2012
Collazo, J. A., K. Pacifici, B. J. Reich. Ecological constructs underlying landscape conservation: the fundamental role of coffee shade restoration in west-central Puerto Rico.	August 2020	We illustrate a conservation strategy that integrates non-protected, shade and shade-restored coffee plantations to smooth the matrix among protected forest tracts to increase landscape avian persistence.
Collazo, J. A., J. D. Nichols, and S. Veran. 2012. Range dynamics of North American Landbirds: tests and modeling. Seminar. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. April 6.	April 2012
Collazo, J. A., A. Terando, T. J. Kwak, A. C. Engman, D. López Ocasio, C. G. Lilyestrom, E. Gonzalez, A. Dragoni, N. Ríos López, S. Vega Castillo, A. Puente Rolón, E. Martínez, J. K. Pacifici, B. Reich, and E. Laber. Toward an emergent sustainable landscape in Puerto Rico: building on multiple objectives, scales, and scientific efforts to foster resiliency across ecosystems. Society of Wetlands Scientists 2017 Annual Conference.	June 2017	We discuss an ongoing scientific effort to undertake a multi-objective landscape conservation design project, which include downscale climate projections in the US Caribbean. Together, these efforts have the potential to sum to a whole that is greater than their individual parts, thus paving the way for greater resilience and a truly sustainable landscape.
Collazo, J. A. and J. K. Costanza. 2016. Modeling and Mapping Landscape Patterns Resilience and Vulnerability.	April 2016	Tree cover and forest interior (2000-2012) loss was 3.1 times the global net rate. Thus, forest interior will not be resilient over time.
Collazo, J. A. Protected Habitat for Shorebirds in Puerto Rico: threats, challenges, and opportunities. Presented at AOS/BC, session Shorebirds of the Atlantic Flyway: How recent work to conserve wetlands is contributing to species and habitat resilience in the Caribbean and beyond.	June 2022	Factors impinging on the resiliency of shorebirds are discussed, including those mediated by alteration of coastal wetlands in Puerto Rico.
Collazo, J. A. Collazo, K. Pacifici, and B. Reich. Conservation design: habitat restoration for avian conservation. To be presented at the AOS/BC conference in session entitled Puerto Rico Day: Bird diversity and conservation in the “island of enchantment." San Juan, Puerto Rico.	June 2022	This work presents justification to consider incorporating non-protected, agroecosystems in conservation planning to promote biodiversity at landscape levels.
Collazo, J. A. 2022. Adaptation in Action. Strategic Habitat Conservation and Adaptive Strategies for the Conservation of Coqui Frogs in Puerto Rico. Presented by J. A. Collazo at the 2022 Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Symposium. Gulf Shores, AL, Sept. 19-21.	September 2022	I provide an overview to the scope, progress and plans for future research involving recovery and prelisting conservation of Eleuthorodactylus frogs in Puerto Rico.
Collazo, J. A. Developing high-resolution island-centric projections of ecologically-relevant climate variables for Puerto Rico and the US Caribbean: a foundation for adaptation strategies.	August 2013	The presentation was informative--unveiling efforts to downscale climate projections at small scales (2 km sq) and illustrate applications for conservation.
Collazo, J. A. 2011. Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Resident Avifauna. Climate Change in the Caribbean 2011: Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. November 15-16, San Juan, Puerto Rico.	November 2011
Cathey, S. E., M. E. Colvin, & C. G. Dunn. 2024. Developing a standardized quantitative framework for evaluating imperilment of southeastern crayfishes. Annual meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. Chattanooga, Tennessee.	January 2024	We are developing a standardized Bayesian belief network to assist with conservation status assessments of southeastern crayfishes. This modelling approach will facilitate improved population assessments, especially for lesser-known species.
Carver-McGinn, M., C. Moorman, N. Peterson, J. Kilgo, E. Kierepka, M. Boggess, H. Evans, J. Shaw, N.J. Hostetter. Connecting urbanization to population dynamics: movement, resource selection, and mortality risk of white-tailed deer across an urbanization gradient. Southeast Deer Study Group Annual Meeting. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Poster. 26-28 Feb 2023.	February 2023	Urbanization alters landscapes and the associated resources available for wildlife. We are conducting a three-year telemetry study to investigate white-tailed deer ecology across an urban-rural continuum in Durham and Orange counties in North Carolina.
Carver-McGinn, M., C. Moorman, N. Peterson, J. Kilgo, E. Kierepka, M. Boggess, H. Evans, J. Shaw, N.J. Hostetter. Connecting urbanization to population dynamics: movement, resource selection, and mortality risk of white-tailed deer across an urbanization gradient. North Carolina Wildlife Society Annual Meeting. Poster. 7-9 Feb 2023.	February 2023	Urbanization alters landscapes and the associated resources available for wildlife. We are conducting a three-year telemetry study to investigate white-tailed deer ecology across an urban-rural continuum in Durham and Orange counties in North Carolina.
Carver-McGinn, M., C. Moorman, N. Peterson, J. Kilgo, E. Kierepka, M. Boggess, H. Evans, J. Shaw, N.J. Hostetter. Connecting urbanization to population dynamics: movement, resource selection, and mortality risk of white-tailed deer across an urbanization gradient. International Urban Wildlife Conference. Washington D.C., Poster. 4-7 June 2023.	June 2023	Urbanization alters landscapes and the associated resources available for wildlife. We are conducting a three-year telemetry study to investigate white-tailed deer ecology across an urban-rural continuum in Durham and Orange counties in North Carolina.
Carver-McGinn, M., C. Moorman, J. Kilgo, N. Peterson, E. Kierepka, J. Lamb, A. Boggs-Pope, H. Evans, J. Shaw, N.J. Hostetter. Effects of Anthropogenic Features on Seasonal Resource Selection by White-Tailed Deer Across an Urbanization Gradient. The Wildlife Society. Baltimore, Maryland, 19-23 October 2024.	October 2024	We are conducting a three-year telemetry study to investigate white-tailed deer resource selection across an urban-rural continuum in Durham and Orange counties in North Carolina.
Carlo, Tomas, J. A. Collazo and Martha J. Groom. July/2001, Frugivory in secondary and shaded coffee plantations: assessing values for forest avifauna. Caribbean Ornitholgical Society	July 2001
Calcium Limitation in High Elevation Birds in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. North American Ornithological Conference, Vancouver, BC, August 2012	August 2012
C. Ashton Drew and J. A. Collazo. From expert-based to data-based adaptive management using Bayesian Belief Networks. INTECOL 8th International Wetlands Conference Cuiaba, Brazil. 20 - 25 July 2008	July 2008
Buttermore, E.N., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, P.B. Cooney, D. Shea, and P.R. Lazaro. 2010. Contaminants in stream ecosystems of Puerto Rico. 31st Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. November 7-11, Portland, Oregon.	November 2010
Buttermore, E.N., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, P.B. Cooney, D. Shea, and P.R. Lazaro. 2011. Contaminants and food web dynamics in Puerto Rico stream ecosystems. Invited speaker to the Best Student Paper Symposium at the 141st Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 4-8, Seattle, Washington.	September 2011
Buttermore, E.N., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, P.B. Cooney, D. Shea, and P.R. Lazaro. 2011. Contaminants and food web dynamics in Puerto Rico stream ecosystems. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 22-23, Charlotte, North Carolina.	February 2011
Buttermore, E.N., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, P.B. Cooney, D. Shea, and P.R. Lazaro. 2010. Contaminants in stream ecosystems of Puerto Rico: implications for recreational and subsistence fisheries. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 25-28, Asheville, North Carolina.	February 2010
Buttermore, E.N., T.J. Kwak, P.B. Cooney, D. Shea, P.R. Lazaro, and W.G. Cope. 2010. Recreational and subsistence stream fisheries of Puerto Rico: are there contaminant concerns? 140th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 12-16, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.	September 2010
Burdick, S., J. E. Hightower, J. A. Buckel, K. Pollock, and L. Paramore. 2006. Selectivity and survival of North Carolina red drum using 20 years of mark and recapture data. Tidewater Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Atlantic Beach, North Carolina. January 26-28, 2006.	January 2006
Burdick, S. M., and J. E. Hightower. 2004. Distribution of spawning activity by migratory fishes in the upper Neuse River drainage. North Carolina Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Asheville, NC, Feb. 4-5, 2004.	February 2004
Burdick, S. M., and J. E. Hightower. 2004. Distribution of spawning activity by migratory fishes in the upper Neuse River drainage, North Carolina. 134th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Madison, WI, August 22-26, 2004.	August 2004
Buczek, S.B., W.G. Cope, R.A. McLaughlin, and T.J. Kwak. 2015. Turbidity control in aquatic systems with polyacrylamide: assessing differences in formulation and resulting toxicity to native freshwater mussels. Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. March 22-27, St. Charles, Missouri.	March 2015	Polyacrylamide has become an effective tool for reducing suspended sediment and turbidity, but little is known about the effects of PAM on many freshwater organisms, and no information exists on the toxicity of PAM formulations to native freshwater mussels. Generally, we found that PAM concentrations typically recommended for turbidity control (1–5 mg/L), regardless of molecular weight or charge density, were not acutely toxic to the mussel species and life stages tested, indicating minimal ri
Buczek, S.B., W.G. Cope, R.A. McLaughlin, and T.J. Kwak. 2015 Controlling turbidity in streams: assessing polyacrylamide toxicity to native freshwater mussels. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 24-25, Carolina Beach, North Carolina.	February 2015	We exposed juveniles (96-h) and glochidia (24-h) of the yellow lampmussel (Lampsilis cariosa), an Atlantic slope species and endangered in North Carolina, Appalachian elktoe (Alasmidonta raveneliana), a federally endangered interior basin species, and washboard (Megalonaias nervosa), a common interior basin species to six different formulations of anionic Polyacrylamide, a substance used to reduce runoff turbidity.Generally, we found that PAM concentrations typically recommended for turbidity c
Buczek, S.B., W.G. Cope, M. Shehdan, W.M. Bishop, R.J. Richardson, J.M. Burkholder, T.J. Kwak, J. Nawrocki, T. Warmuth, and M.A. McGregor. 2019. Comparative toxicity of selected algaecides to freshwater mussels. Invited Poster at the Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. April 14-18, San Antonio, Texas.	April 2019	We evaluated the sensitivity of subadult plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium) mussels to six candidate algaecides for control of Lyngbya in a series of standard acute (96 h) toxicity tests. Results indicated that Lake Gaston water had little effect on algaecide toxicity to mussels. Overall, our results suggest that freshwater mussels are sensitive to all of the algaecides tested, except for Reward®, at the concentrations recommended for control of Lyngbya.
Buczek, S.B., W.G. Cope, M. Shehdan, W.M. Bishop, R.J. Richardson, J.M. Burkholder, T.J. Kwak, J. Jessup, and T.R. Black. 2019. In situ evaluation of freshwater mussel sensitivity to prescribed algaecide applications in a North Carolina Piedmont reservoir. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 19-21, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.	February 2019	We conducted an in situ field-based study on the effects of prescribed algaecide treatments of Captain® XTR and Reward® for the control of Giant Lyngbya (Lyngbya wollei) in Lake Gaston. Our results highlight the complex chemical interactions of algaecides within the environment and their influence on mussel toxicity.
Buczek, S.B., W.G. Cope, M. Shehdan, W.M. Bishop, R.J. Richardson, J.A. Rice, J.M. Burkholder, T.J. Kwak, J. Nawrocki, and T. Warmuth. 2018. Evaluation of freshwater mussel sensitivity to algaecides for potential control of Giant Lyngbya. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 21-22, Morganton, North Carolina.	February 2018	We evaluated the sensitivity of subadult plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium) mussels to six candidate algaecides (Algimycin® PWF, Captain® XTR, Cutrine®-Ultra, GreenClean® Liquid 5.0, Hydrothol® 191, Reward®) for control of Lyngbya in a series of standard acute (96 h) toxicity tests. Overall, our results suggest that freshwater mussels are sensitive to all of the algaecides tested, except for Reward®, at the concentrations recommended for control of Lyngbya.
Buczek, S.B. W.G. Cope, M. Shehdan, J.M. Burkholder, T.J. Kwak, T. Ewing, R.A. Hoch, M.A. McGregor, B.T. Watson, A.L. Maynard, M. Bradley, and R. Mair. 2019. Understanding the physiological responses of freshwater mussels to excess nutrients and algae and their influence on nutrient partitioning. Invited Poster at the Biennial Symposium of the Freshweater Mollusk Conservation Society. April 14-18, San Antonio, Texas.	April 2019	The aim of this research is to evaluate the function of native freshwater mussels in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and determine their potential utility as an aid to management. Insight from this research will provide much-needed information on the multiple and complex pathways that link nutrients and native freshwater mussels in eutrophic environments. The findings will assist natural resource managers in understanding the quantitative relationships between nutrients and mussels, and the
Brownell, P., J. Ellis, J. E. Hightower, R. W. Laney, A. L. LaRoche III, D. Michaelson, K. Rawls, F. Rohde, G. Wright, and B. Wynne. 2014. Reconnecting American eels to the upper Roanoke basin. 144th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Québec City, Québec. August 17-21, 2014.	August 2014	American eel numbers have declined in most basins in recent years, and loss of habitat has been suggested as a likely cause. This study illustrates that eel passage can be highly effective, providing eel access to previously inaccessible habitat.
Brownell, P., J. Ellis, J. E. Hightower, R. W. Laney, A. L. LaRoche III, D. Michaelson, K. Rawls, F. Rohde, G. Wright, and B. Wynne. 2013. Reconnecting American eels to the upper Roanoke basin. American Fisheries Society, Little Rock, Arkansas, September 8-12, 2013.	January 2014	This study documents a major success in upstream passage of American eel. Results from small-scale studies were the scientific basis for construction of high-capacity eelways that moved over one million eels above a large hydropower dam.
Brown, L. M., K. J. Magowan, D. A. Fox, and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Comparison of split-beam and DIDSON hydroacoustic gears for conducting sturgeon surveys. Joint Meeting of the Tidewater and Mid-Atlantic Chapters, American Fisheries Society, Lewes, Delaware, February 1-3, 2007.	February 2007
Brown, L. M., K. J. Magowan, D. A. Fox, and J. E. Hightower. 2007. Comparison of split-beam and DIDSON hydroacoustic gears for conducting sturgeon surveys. American Fisheries Society, San Francisco, California, September 2-6, 2007.	September 2007
Brown, C.H., T.J. Kwak, P.B. Cooney, and K.H. Pollock. 2008. Influences of instream habitat and water quality on electrofishing catchability of Puerto Rico stream fishes. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 28-March 2, Wheeling, West Virginia.	February 2008
Brown, C.H., T.J. Kwak, P.B. Cooney, and K.H. Pollock. 2007. Integrating gear bias and selectivity into development of a standardized fish sampling protocol for Puerto Rico streams. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. February 27-28, Danville, Virginia.	February 2007
Brown, C.H., T.J. Kwak, P.B. Cooney, and K.H. Pollock. 2007. Integrating gear bias and selectivity into development of a standardized fish sampling protocol for Puerto Rico streams. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 8-11, Memphis, Tennessee.	February 2006
Brown, C.H., T.J. Kwak, P.B. Cooney, and K.H. Pollock. 2007. Integrating gear bias and selectivity into development of a standardized fish sampling protocol for Puerto Rico streams. 137th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 2-6, San Francisco, California.	September 2007
Brown J.J., J. Perillo, T.J. Kwak, and R.J. Horwitz. 2005. Implications of the flathead catfish introduction into the Delaware and Susquehanna drainages. 135th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 11-15, Anchorage, Alaska. Poster Presentation.	September 2005
Brewster, J.R. and T.J. Kwak. 2007. Trophic relations of introduced flathead catfish in an Atlantic Slope river. Annual Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 8-11, Memphis, Tennessee.	February 2006
Brewster, J.R. and T.J. Kwak. 2007. Trophic relations of introduced flathead catfish in an Atlantic Slope river. 137th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. September 2-6, San Francisco, California.	September 2007
Brewster, J.R. and T.J. Kwak. 2007. Trophic relations of introduced flathead catfish in a North Carolina Piedmont river. Joint Meeting of the North Carolina and Virginia Chapters of the American Fisheries Society. February 27-28, Danville, Virginia.	February 2007
Brett, CK, F Jimenez, DJ Morin, C Olfenbuttel, DU Greene, JD Clark, NJ Hostetter. 2024. Using Video Camera Footage to Understand Black Bear (Ursus americanus) Interactions with Hair Snare Sites. The Wildlife Society North Carolina Chapter Meeting. Poster. 3-5 April 2024. Black Mountain, North Carolina.	April 2024	Black bear populations in eastern North Carolina have increased in distribution and abundance during the past several decades. We are using camera trapping to understand black bear interactions with non-invasive genetic sampling sites to estimate black bear abundance and population genetics.
Brett, CK, F Jimenez, DJ Morin, C Olfenbuttel, DU Greene, JD Clark, NJ Hostetter. 2024. Quantifying Black Bear Interactions with Hair Snare Sites Using Video Camera Traps. The Wildlife Society. Baltimore, Maryland. 19-23 October 2024.	October 2024	Black bear populations in eastern North Carolina have increased in distribution and abundance during the past several decades. We are using camera trapping to understand black bear interactions with non-invasive genetic sampling sites to estimate black bear abundance and population genetics.
Brett, CK, F Jimenez, DJ Morin, C Olfenbuttel, DU Greene, JD Clark, NJ Hostetter. 2024. Black Bear (Ursus americanus) Abundance and Population Genetics in the North Carolina Coastal Bear Management Unit. The Wildlife Society North Carolina Chapter Meeting. Poster. 3-5 April 2024. Black Mountain, North Carolina.	April 2024	Black bear populations in eastern North Carolina have increased in distribution and abundance during the past several decades. We are using spatial capture-recapture methods to quantify black bear abundance and population genetics.
Breeding productivity in shaded coffee:could plantations have served as refugia?	July 2005
Breeding productivity in shaded coffee: could plantations have served as refugia?	July 2005
Breeding bird inventories in Great Smoky Mountains National Park ? links to research and monitoring. 2006. Association of Southeastern Biologists 67th annual meeting, Gatlinburg, TN	July 2006
Brautigam, KJ, NP Gould, NJ Hostetter, C Olfenbuttel, CS DePerno. Evaluating the effects of urbanization on American black bear population growth rates in western North Carolina. 25^th Eastern Black Bear Workshop. Trego, Wisconsin. April 2023.	April 2023	Many American black bear populations are experiencing geographic and numeric recoveries throughout their ranges. We investigate how the use of urbanized landscapes affects black bear population growth rates near Asheville, North Carolina.
Bratt AE, NJ Hostetter, and SJ Converse. 2021. Estimating survival while accounting for partial mark loss in capture-mark-resight surveys. EURING 2021 Analytical Meeting & Workshop, Quebec City, PQ, Canada, 31 May - 11 June 2021.	May 2021	Capture-mark-resight methods are an effective way to estimate survival, though partial mark loss poses problems for estimation if individuals are not uniquely identifiable. We introduce a novel hierarchical model that integrates information about individual activity centers to resolve individual identity in species that exhibit partial band loss.
Bradley A. Pickens, Rua Mordecai, Ashton Drew, Louise Alexander-Vaughn, Amy Keister, Jaime A. Collazo. 2014. Insights from merging ecological indicators with sea-level rise scenarios to develop a spatial prioritization for the South Atlantic Coast. Southeastern Estuarine Research Society Conference. Nov 6-8, North Carolina	November 2014	We show how spatial prioritization, based solely on indicators, changes with the incorporation of sea-level rise scenarios. We also highlight how two distinct prioritization strategies, mitigating or avoiding direct threats, changes conservation priorities.
Bowman, S., and J. E. Hightower. August 2001. American shad and striped bass spawning migration and habitat selection in response to dam removal. 131th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Phoenix, Arizona.	August 2001
Bowman, S. W., C. A. Beasley, and J. E. Hightower. February 2001. Comparison of spawning migrations for striped bass and American shad before and after dam removal. 2001 Southern Division American Fisheries Society Mid-Year Meeting, Jacksonville, Florida.	February 2001
Bouska, K. L., B. D. Healy, M. J. Moore, C. G. Dunn, J. J. Spurgeon, and C. P. Paukert. Diverse portfolios: investing in tributaries for restoration of large river fishes. USGS Ecosystem Mission Area Friday Findings Webinar, 15 September 2023. Virtual. IP-157389.	September 2023	This talk provides managers with several options for the restoration of large rivers. We show real-world examples so managers have a tangible example that may be applied to their systems.
Borneman, T.E., S.K. Felton, and T.R. Simons. 2014. Effects of off-road vehicles on American Oystercatchers nesting at Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Waterbird Society annual meeting, LaPaz, Mexico.	November 2014	. Preliminary data from the 2014 breeding season indicate that on average oystercatchers flushed from their nests for 14% of the occasions that vehicles drove past their nests. We found no difference between experimental driving periods and controls periods in the frequency of departures oystercatchers made from their nests (paired t=0.929, df=13, p=0.370) nor in the length of incubation bouts (paired t=1.583, df=6, p=0.164).
Borneman, T.E. and T.R. Simons. 2013. Effects of Human Activity on American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) Breeding at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina. 2013 annual meeting of the NC chapter of The Wildlife Society. Colombia, NC.	February 2013	Work will contribute to understanding the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on shorebird reproductive success.
Borkhataria, R. and J. A. Collazo. 2002. Ecological and Political Implications of Conversion from Shade to Sun Coffee in Puerto Rico.	July 2002
Boreneman, T.E. and T.R. Simons. Effects of human activity on American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) breeding at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina. International Congress for Conservation Biology, Baltimore, Maryland.	July 2013	This research will assist the National Park Service and U.S. Marine Corps establishe guidelines for the managment of aircraft overflights and recreation on National Seashores.
Bergeron, C.M., J.M. Archambault, W.G. Cope, P.R. Lazaro, J.W. Jones, B. Beaty, D. Shea, T.J. Kwak, B. Evans, and Steven Alexander. 2015. Water and sediment quality stressors and unexplained declines of freshwater mussels in the Clinch River. Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. March 22-27, St. Charles, Missouri.	March 2015	The goal of this research is to understand the potential causes of ongoing mussel declines by characterizing contaminants (metals and organics) at 8 mainstem sites, extending upstream and downstream of the zone of mussel decline, and 4 tributary sites of the Clinch River of Virginia and Tennessee. Our results suggest that tributary inputs may be an important explanatory factor.
Battle, K.E., K. Pacifici, J.A. Collazo. 2016. Perception is Reality: Does the Biodiversity Metric of Choice Determine the Biodiversity Drivers? Contributed Paper to be presented at the 23rd Annual Conference, Wildlife Society, Raleigh, NC.	October 2016	Quantifying biodiversity continues to be a challenge, yet central to conservation. Our results indicate the value of including not only species-specific detectability but also interspecific distinctiveness to more precisely assess the drivers of avian community diversity.
Barwick, R.D., T.J. Kwak, and R.L. Noble. 2001. Developing the concept of a fish-friendly pier. Annual Meeting of Southeast Utility Biologists. April 5-6, Huntersville, North Carolina.	April 2001
Barwick, R.D., T.J. Kwak, R.L. Noble, and D.H. Barwick. 2002. Fish populations associated with habitat-enhanced piers and woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs. Meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. February 21-24, Little Rock, Arkansas.	February 2002
Barwick, R.D., T.J. Kwak, R.L. Noble, and D.H. Barwick. 2002. Fish populations associated with habitat-enhanced piers and woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs. Annual Meeting of the South Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 7-8, Johns Island, South Carolina.	February 2002
Barwick, R.D., T.J. Kwak, R.L. Noble, and D.H. Barwick. 2002. Fish populations associated with habitat-enhanced piers and woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 5-6, Huntersville, North Carolina.	February 2002
Barwick, R.D., T.J. Kwak, R.L. Noble, and D.H. Barwick. 2002. Fish populations associated with habitat-enhanced piers and woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs. Annual Meeting of Southeast Utility Biologists. April 11-12, Norris, Tennessee	April 2002
Barwick, R.D., T.J. Kwak, R.L. Noble, and D.H. Barwick. 2002. Fish populations associated with habitat-enhanced piers and woody debris in Piedmont Carolina reservoirs. 132nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 18-22, Baltimore, Maryland.	August 2002
Bacheler, N.M., L.M. Paramore, J.A. Buckel, and J.E. Hightower. 2008. Abiotic and biotic factors influence the habitat use of North Carolina subadult red drum. Tidewater American Fisheries Society Meeting, Gloucester Point, VA.	March 2008
Bacheler, N.M., J.A. Buckel, J.E. Hightower, and K.H. Pollock. 2006. Testing the combined telemetry and tag-return method to estimate components of mortality of an estuarine fish species. NC Sea Grant/Division of Marine Fisheries Public Fisheries Forum, New Bern, NC, March 14, 2006.	March 2006
Bacheler, N.M., J.A. Buckel, J.E. Hightower, and K.H. Pollock. 2006. Testing the combined telemetry and tag-return method to estimate components of mortality of an estuarine fish species. NC Sea Grant 30th anniversary, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, June 20, 2006. (poster)	June 2006
Bacheler, N.M., J.A. Buckel, J.E. Hightower, and K.H. Pollock. 2005. Estimating fishing and natural mortality rates of juvenile red drum using the combined telemetry and tag-return method. Red drum Symposium, SC Department of Natural Resources, Charleston, SC. March 22, 2005.	March 2005
Bacheler, N.M., J.A. Buckel, J.E. Hightower, L.M. Paramore, and K.H. Pollock. 2008. A combined telemetry - tag return approach to estimate mortality rates of an estuarine fish. Tidewater American Fisheries Society Meeting, Gloucester Point, VA. March 6-8, 2008.	March 2008
Bacheler, N.M., J.A. Buckel, J.E. Hightower, K.H. Pollock, and L.M. Paramore. 2007. Using telemetry and tagging to estimate mortality rates and selectivity of red drum. Student Fisheries Society, UNC-Wilmington.	April 2007
Bacheler, N., J. Hightower, J. Buckel, L. Paramore, and K. Pollock. 2007. A novel combined telemetry and tag return method to estimate fishing and natural mortality rates of an estuarine fish species. American Fisheries Society, San Francisco, California, September 2-6, 2007.	September 2007
Bacheler, N., J. E. Hightower, L. Paramore, J. Buckel, and K. Pollock. 2007. Changes in fishing mortality and selectivity of North Carolina red drum due to fishery regulations. Joint Meeting of the Tidewater and Mid-Atlantic Chapters, American Fisheries Society, Lewes, Delaware, February 1-3, 2007.	February 2007
Bacheler, N., J. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, and K. H. Pollock. 2005. Testing the combined telemetry and tag-return method to estimate components of mortality of an estuarine fish species. American Fisheries Society, Anchorage, Alaska, September 11-15, 2005.	September 2005
Bacheler, N. M., J. A. Buckel, J. E. Hightower, L. M. Paramore, S. Burdick, K. H. Pollock, and H. Takade. 2008. Using tagging to aid the assessment of North Carolina red drum. American Fisheries Society Meeting, Ottawa, Canada. August 17-21, 2008.	August 2008
Avian Foraging in shaded coffee plantations: Influence of fruit abundance. Tomas A. Carlo-Joglar, Jaime A. Collazo, Martha J. Groom.	July 2001
Arocho-Hernández, N, D Rivera, R Bell, NJ Hostetter, J Collazo, JP Zegarra. 2023. Resolving Taxonomic Uncertainty of Caribbean Skink species (genus Spondylurus). Puerto Rico Herpetology Symposium. Arecibo, Puerto Rico, USA. 13 October 2023.	October 2023	We conducted surveys across Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands to assess presence, document ecology, and evaluate taxonomic status and species boundaries of skinks from the genus <i>Spondylurus.</i>
Armstrong, J. L., and J. E. Hightower. July 2001. Potential for restoration of the Roanoke River population of Atlantic sturgeon. 4th International Symposium on Sturgeon. Oskosh, WI.	July 2001
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2013. Thermal sensitivity of freshwater mussels: incorporating benthic ecology into laboratory mesocosm experiments. Biennial symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. March 10-14, Guntersville, Alabama.	March 2013	We designed more ecologically realistic laboratory experiments to test the thermal sensitivity of freshwater mussels. Our design provides improved scientific information and suggests that rising stream temperatures and altered hydrologic flows from climate change and other anthropogenic factors may directly impact freshwater mussel diversity.
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2013. Changes in burrowing behavior and byssus production indicate thermal stress in freshwater mussels. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 26-27, Burlington, North Carolina.	February 2013	This study identified sublethal indicators of thermal stress in freshwater mussels. These results are highly relevant in the context of climate change, because stream temperature and flow are expected to change with increasing air temperature and altered precipitation patterns.
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2013. Burrowing, byssus, and biomarkers: behavioral and physiological indicators of sublethal thermal stress in freshwater mussels. Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. March 10-13, Guntersville, Alabama.	March 2013	This study identified sublethal indictors of thermal stress in freshwater mussels. These results are highly relevant in the context of climate change, because stream temperature and flow are expected to change with increasing air temperature and altered precipitation patterns.
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2015. Thermal stress and dewatering negatively impact freshwater mussel survival and behavior. Invited speaker to the 5th Thermal Ecology and Regulation Workshop. September 15-16, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.	September 2015	We evaluated the sublethal effects of elevated temperature on byssus (attachment filaments) production and burrowing behavior of five freshwater mussel species in acute (96-h) laboratory experiments in sediment, with two acclimation temperatures (22 and 27°C) and two experimental water levels (watered and dewatered treatments) as proxies for flow regime. Our findings suggest that elevated stream water temperature and dewatering may directly impact freshwater mussel abundance by causing mortali
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2013. Closer to reality: incorporating components of the benthos in lethal and sublethal experiments of thermal sensitivity in freshwater mussels. Invited speaker to a symposium entitled “Use of Freshwater Mollusk Toxicity Data for Improved Conservation of Water and Sediment Quality” at the 34th Annual North American Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. November 19-21, Nashville, Tennessee.	November 2013	This study added sediment, thermal gradients, and sublethal indictors to assays to improve ecological realism in measuring thermal stress in freshwater mussels. These results are highly relevant in the context of climate change, because stream temperature and flow are expected to change with increasing air temperature and altered precipitation patterns.
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2013. Burrowing, byssus, and biomarkers: behavioral and physiological indicators of sublethal thermal stress in freshwater mussels. Annual Meeting of the Carolinas Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. March 7-9, Raleigh, North Carolina.	March 2013	This study identified sublethal indictors of thermal stress in freshwater mussels. These results are highly relevant in the context of climate change, because stream temperature and flow are expected to change with increasing air temperature and altered precipitation patterns.
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2012. Enhancing relevance to climate change in freshwater mussel thermal tolerance tests. Annual Meeting of the North Carolina Chapter of the American Fisheries Society. February 28-29, Raleigh, North Carolina.	February 2012
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2012. Ecological relevance in freshwater mussel thermal tolerance tests: implications for climate change. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Biennial Workshop. April 19-20, Athens, Georgia. Poster presentation.	April 2012
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, and T.J. Kwak. 2012. Ecological relevance in freshwater mussel thermal tolerance tests: implications for climate change. Invited speaker to the Best Student Paper Symposium at the 142nd Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. August 19-23, St. Paul, Minnesota.	August 2012
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, and T.J. Pandolfo. 2011. Enhanced ecological relevance in laboratory tests to determine thermal tolerance of juvenile freshwater mussels in sediment. Invited speaker to the 3rd Thermal Ecology and Regulation Workshop. October 11-12, Maple Grove, Minnesota.	October 2012
Archambault, J.M., W.G. Cope, T.J. Kwak, and T.J. Pandolfo. 2011. Development of laboratory tests to determine thermal tolerance of juvenile freshwater mussels in sediment. 7th Biennial Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society. April 11-15, Louisville, Kentucky. Poster presentation.	April 2011
Appropriate allocation of count-based and estimation-based sampling methods for monitoring plethodontid salamanders. 2004 Annual Meeting, The Wildlife Society, Calgary Alberta, Canada (presented by Larissa Bailey).	July 2004
An experimental study of parental care under varying food availability. Third North American Ornithological Congress, New Orleans, LA. September 2002 (presented by Andrei Podolsky).	September 2002
An experimental evaluation of the performance of acoustic recording systems for estimating avian species richness and abundance. North American Ornithological Conference, Vancouver, BC, August 2012	August 2012
Allison, P.F. Jr., C.G. Dunn, S.B. Adams, J.W. Breinholt, K.A. Sterling, D.M Raburn, Z.C. Barnett, and R.C. Garrick. 2025. Insights from Multi-locus DNA Sequence Data into Species Boundaries within Hobbseus Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae). Midwest Fish and Wildlife Natural Resource Conference, St. Louis, Missouri.	January 2025	The research presents preliminary findings on taxonomy of rivulet crayfishes (Hobbseus spp.).
Allison, P., Jr., C.G. Dunn, S.B. Adams, J. Breinholt, K. Sterling, D. Raburn, Z. Barnett, & R. Garrick. 2024. An Integrative Approach to Species Delimitation of Hobbseus Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae). Mississippi Crayfish Working Group Meeting, Moss Point, MS	January 2024	This work presents a new approach for delimiting species distributions to inform conservation status assessments.
Allison, P. Jr., C.G. Dunn, S. B. Adams, J. Breinholt, K. Sterling, D. Raburn, Z. Barnett, & R. Garrick. 2024. An Integrative Approach to Species Delimitation of Hobbseus Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae). Annual meeting of the Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. Chattanooga, Tennessee.	January 2024	This work presents a new approach for delimiting species distributions to inform conservation status assessments.
Alia, E.W., J.R. Fischer, A.C. Engman, A.O. Gill, C.S. Lee Pow, H.V. Daniels, T.J. Kwak, and J.A. Collazo. 2015. Characterization of the salinity profile of the Arecibo River estuary, a Caribbean island ecosystem. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America. August 9-14, Baltimore, Maryland. Poster presentation.	August 2015	We sampled salainity and other water quality measurements in the salt-wedge estuary of the Río Grande de Arecibo in Puerto Rico, USA, to characterize estuarine dynamics. The size and shape of the salt wedge of the estuary varied with tide height, and our results enhance the knowledge of estuarine ecology by describing tidal influence on the dynamic boundaries of an economically and ecologically important estuarine zone.
Ahmad, H., L.E. Miranda, C. Dunn, and M. Colvin. 2023. Hydrological connectivity patterns in oxbow lakes of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Grand Rapids, Michigan.	August 2023	We assess distribution of invasive carps in the Lower Mississippi River to develop control strategy.
Ahmad, H., L. E. Miranda, C.G. Dunn, M. Boudreau, M. Colvin, and P. Dash. 2024. Hydrologic connectivity in oxbow lakes of the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Tupelo, Mississippi.	February 2024	We developed a method to identify connectivity between rivers an oxbow lakes in a floodplain. This is useful for managing invasive species.
Advancing our understanding of functional connectivity with empirical studies and its implications for avian conservation. Fourth International Partners in Flight Conference: Tundra to the Tropics, 13-16 February 2008, McAllen, Texas.	February 2008
Adaptive Management: Dealing with uncertainty in natural resources management. 2007 NC Wildlife Resources Commission, staff retreat, Hendersonville, NC, November 2007.	November 2007
A dynamic model of Semipalmated Sandpiper migration:implications for conservation.	August 2005
A before-after-control-impact study of disturbance effects on nonbreeding shorebirdds. 2008 American Ornithologists' Union Annulal Meeting, Portland, Oregon (poster).	August 2008
A Demographic Model for American Oystercatchers in North Carolina. 2007. International Oystercatcher meeting, Schiermonnikoog, Netherlands October 2007. (Presented by Shiloh Schulte).	October 2007
^{Lynch, A. J., B. J. E. Myers, J. Wong, C. Chu, J. A. Falke, T. J. Kwak, C. P. Paukert, R. W. Tingley, III, T. J. Krabbenhoft. January 2021. Reducing uncertainty in climate change responses for inland fisheries management: a decision-path approach. Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference.}	January 2021	Here, we share a decision-path approach to reduce uncertainty in climate change responses of inland fishes to inform conservation and adaptation planning using the Fish and Climate Change database (FiCli), a comprehensive, online, public database of peer-reviewed literature on documented and projected climate impacts to inland fishes. This decision-path approach can be applied to assessments, management decisions, and policy development and may serve as a model for other natural resource decisi
Torres, A., T. J. Kwak, A. C. Engman, and B. J. Myers. 2022. Population Dynamics of American Eel in Caribbean Streams. The 2022 Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society Meeting will be held in-person January 20-23, 2022 in Charleston, South Carolina	January 2022	Our findings support the importance of connectivity within streams for the survival of these populations and provide valuable information for conservation and management efforts throughout the American Eel’s widespread distribution.
2. Drew, C. A. and J. A. Collazo. 2008. Bayesian Belief Network Model of King Rail occupancy of Marsh Habitats. The Waterbird Society 32nd Annual Meeting. South Padre Island, Texas. November 5-8.	November 2008
2. Bowden, J., T. Spero, A.J. Terando, C.G. Nolte, and J. Collazo. 2018. Addressing SST Uncertainty for Future Precipitation Extremes within the Southeast and Caribbean US at Convective Permitting Scales. Abstract GC43J-1674 presented at 2018 Fall Meeting, AGU, Washington, D.C., 10-14 December.	December 2018	This work explores potential sources of uncertainty in precipitation projections in SE US, and US Caribbean with the aim of improving trade-offs assessments in decision contexts.
1. Terando, A. J., J. A. Collazo, A. C. Engman, P. F. Fackler, and T. Kwak. 2018. Adaptive Management as structured Translational Ecology: A proposal and a case study from Puerto Rico. Presented at 2018 Fall Meeting, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Washington, D.C., 10-14 December.	December 2018	This talk lays out a blueprint to tackle complex, multi-scale conservation challenges in tropical environments, but whose application could be applied any ecological context.
1. Collazo, J. A. 2008. Prey utilization by Wading Birds and Nursery Potential in a Tropical Mangrove Swamp. The Waterbird Society 32nd Annual Meeting. South Padre Island, Texas. November 5-8.	November 2008
Smith, J. A., and J. E. Hightower. 2009. Spawning activity and migratory characteristics of American shad and striped bass in the Cape Fear River, NC. NC Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Burlington, North Carolina, February 23-25, 2009.	February 2009

Theses and Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations	Publication Date
Yirka, L. M. 2016. Demographic rates and Prioritization of Habitat for Conservation for Painted Buntings in North Carolina. Master's Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.	December 2016
Weeks, Kendrick. 2001. The foraging and nesting ecology of Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) and Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) in the southern Appalachians. MS Zoology	June 2001
Weaver, D.M. 2010. Effects of stocked trout on native nongame riverine fishes. Master of Science Thesis. North Carolina State University, Raleigh.	July 2010
Wallace, B.C. 2010. Trout population and production dynamics in North Carolina state park streams. Master of Science Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.	March 2010
Waldstein, A. 2010. Raccoon ecology and management on Cape Lookout National Seashore. MS Thesis, Department of Biology, NC State Univeristy.	August 2010
Waine, M. W. 2010. Assessing spawning runs of anadromous fishes using a Bayesian analysis of split-beam and DIDSON count data. MS thesis, NC State University, Raleigh.	December 2010
Tarr, Nathan. 2008. Fall migration and vehicle disturbance of shorebirds at South Core Banks, North Carolina. MS Fisheries and Wildlife.	April 2008
Stocking, J.J. 2012. Effects of Predator Control and Habitat Type on American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) Reproductive Success. MS thesis, NC State University. Dept. Biology.	October 2012
Stafford, J.D. 2024. Evaluating efficacy of modified barrier operations to limit Silver Carp movements in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Masters thesis. Mississippi State University.	May 2024
Smith, W.E. 2013. Reproductive ecology of Caribbean amphidromous fishes. Doctoral Dissertation. North Carolina State University, Raleigh.	January 2013
Smith, J. A. 2009. Spawning Activity and Migratory Characteristics of American Shad and Striped Bass in the Cape Fear River, NC. MS thesis, NC State University.	August 2009
Shriner, Susan. 2001. Distribution of breeding birds in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Ph.D. Zoology.	October 2001
Schwarzer, A. 2011. Demographic rates and energetics of red knots wintering in Florida. Master of Science Thesis. University of Florida, Gainesville.	August 2011
Schulte, S.A. 2012. Ecology and Population Dynamics of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus).	June 2012
Rose, E.T. 2015. Using Remotely Sensed Indices of Fire Severity and Vegetation Structure to Identify Patterns of Avian Occurrence Following Changes in Fire Management Policy within Great SmokyMountains National Park. MS. Thesis, NC State University.	March 2015
Rogers, S. 2011. King Rail (Rallus elegans) occupancy, reproductive activity and success in fire managed coastal marshes of North Carolina and Virginia. Master of Science Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.	June 2011
Rivera-Burgos, A.C. 2019. Habitat Suitability for Eleutherodactylus Frogs in Puerto Rico: Indexing Occupancy, Abundance and Reproduction to Climatic and Habitat Characteristics. M.S. Thesis, North Carolina State University.	May 2019
Raabe, J.K. 2012. Factors Influencing Distribution and Survival of Migratory Fishes Following Multiple Low-Head Dam Removals on a North Carolina River. PhD Dissertation, North Carolina State University.	December 2012
Prado, S. G. 2018. Pollinators in Coffee Plantations: Opportunities to Foster Their Presence and Benefits for Growers. Dissertation, North Carolina State University.	May 2018
Podolsky, Andrei. 2005. Behavioral Ecology and Population Status of Wood Thrush and Ovenbird in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. PhD. Zoology.	October 2005
Penland, T.N. 2017. Food web contaminant dynamics of a large Atlantic regulated river: implications for common and imperiled species. Master's Thesis, North Carolina State University.	April 2017
Parks, M. A. 2015. Shorebird numbers, distribution and wetland connectivity among coastal wetlands in southwestern Puerto Rico.	October 2015
Pandolfo, T.J. 2014. Biotic and abiotic influences on common and imperiled freshwater mussels at multiple spatial and temporal scales with inferences to global change. Doctoral Dissertation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.	June 2014
Pacifici, Krishna. 2007. Effects of vegetation and background noise on the detection process in auditory avian point count surveys. MS Zoology.	April 2007
PATTON, PHILIP T. 2016. Efficient use of community monitoring data: Inferring ecological value from occurrence models, and a new method for community modeling.	October 2016
Nolker, A.J. 2014. Changes in Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos Vocalizations in Central North Carolina Between 1981 and 2013. MS Thesis, NC State Univeristy	May 2014
Nastase, E. A. 2024. Status Assessment of Henslow’s Sparrows in North Carolina: a Multidisciplinary Framework for Conservation. PhD Dissertation.	August 2024
Midway, S.R. 2008. Habitat ecology of the Carolina madtom, Noturus furiosus, an imperiled endemic stream fish. Master of Science Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.	December 2008
McGowan, Conor. 2004. Factors affecting the nesting success of American Oystercatchers on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. MS Thesis, NCSU.	June 2004
Mays J.W. 2009. Bioaccumulation of platinum group metals in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Master of Science Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.	May 2009
Lichstein, Jeremy. 2000. Landscape effects on breeding songbird abundance in managed southern Appalachian forests. MS Zoology.	September 2000
Krachey, M. J. 2009. Hierarchical Bayesian application to instantaneous rates tag-return models. Doctoral dissertation, NC State University.	October 2009
Kornegay, M. E. 2011. Abundance and Breeding Productivity of Resident Avian Species in Guánica State Forest. North Carolina State University, Raleigh.	November 2011
Keller, R.A. 2012. Effects of Atmospheric Pollution on High-Elevation Fauna in the Southern Appalachians.	December 2012
Ivasauskas, T.J. 2017. Early life history of suckers (Catostomidae) in a southern Appalachian river system. Ph.D. Dissertation, North Carolina State University	April 2017
Irizarry, A. D. 2017. Avian response to shade-layer restoration in coffee plantations in Puerto Rico.	August 2017
Irizarry Rosario, J. I. 2012. Patch dynamics and Permeability of Fragmented Habitats in Southwestern Puerto Rico. M.S. Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. 182 pp.	November 2012
Hyde, Erin. 2000. Assessing the diversity and abundance of salamanders in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. MS Zoology.	November 2000
Hughes, J. B. 2012. Combining count data from split-beam and multiple DIDSON sonar techniques to estimate spawning run abundance of anadromous fishes in the Roanoke River, NC. MS Thesis, NC State University, Raleigh.	July 2012
Hostetter, N.J. 2016. Data Fusion: Using Multiple Data Sources to Improve Demographic Parameter Estimation in Ecology. Ph.D. Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.	September 2016
Harris, J. E. 2010. Migration and spawning of anadromous shads in the Roanoke River, North Carolina. Doctoral dissertation, NC State University.	January 2010
Friedl, S. E. 2011. Telemetry-based Mortality Estimates of Juvenile Spot in two North Carolina Estuarine Creeks. MS thesis, NC State University, Raleigh.	March 2011
Fisk, J.M. 2010. Reproductive ecology and habitat use of the robust redhorse in the Pee Dee River, North Carolina and South Carolina. Master of Science Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh	November 2010
Favrot, S.D. 2009. Sicklefin redhorse reproductive and habitat ecology in the upper Hiwassee River basin of the southern Appalachian Mountains. Master of Science Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.	April 2009
Farnsworth, George. 1998. Nesting success and seasonal fecundity of the wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina, in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Ph.D. Zoology.	June 1998
Engman, A.C. 2017. Amphidromous fish recruitment and its ecological role in Caribbean freshwater–marine ecotones. Ph.D. Dissertation, North Carolina State University.	January 2017
Dziwulski, K. E. 2016. Habitat Use and Survival of Eastern Cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) on Christmas Tree Farms, and the Utility of Expert Knowledge in Managing Human-modified Landscapes.	August 2016
Drew, CA. 2006. Spatial Ecology of Reef Fish in Back Reef and Reef Habitats. PhD Dissertation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.	May 2006
Dowdy, K. E. 2016. Occupancy and Abundance of Eleutherodactylus Frogs in Coffee Agroecosystems and Along an Elevational Gradient in the Mountains of Southwestern Puerto Rico.	April 2016
Davis, Melissa. 1999. Reproductive success, status, and viability of the American oystercatcher. MS Zoology.	June 1999
Cove, M. 2016. On the recovery of the endangered small mammals of the Florida Keys: Evaluating exotic predator management and habitat restoration. Ph.D. Thesis. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.	September 2016
Cope, W. R. 2018. Status, trends, habitat, and genetics of the endemic Carolina Madtom. Master’s thesis. North Carolina State University. Raleigh, North Carolina.	May 2018
Chaparro, R. 2023. Characterizing Metabolic Responses of Eleutherodactylus Frogs in Puerto Rico to Different Thermal Treatments: Implications for Conservation and Management. M.S. Thesis, North Carolina State University.	May 2023
Buttermore, E.N. 2011. Contaminant and trophic dynamics of tropical stream ecosystems. Master of Science Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.	May 2011
Brewster, Jerome. 2006. Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Singing Rates of Two Forest Songbirds, the Ovenbird and the Black-throated Blue Warbler: Implications for Aural Counts of Songbirds. MS Zoology.	June 2006
Borneman, T.E. 2013. Effects of Human Activity on American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) Breeding at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina. MS Thesis, Dept. Biology, NC State University	March 2013
Battle, K. E. The use of occupancy modeling to uncover species-habitat relationships and the biodiversity drivers of a focal avian community in the forests and coffee agroecosystems of Puerto Rico.	February 2017
Bailey, Larissa. 2002. Estimating detection probabilities for terrestrial salamanders in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Ph.D. Zoology.	June 2002
Archambault, J.M. 2012. Thermal sensitivity of freshwater mussels: incorporating benthic ecology into laboratory mesocosm experiments. Master of Science Thesis. North Carolina State University, Raleigh.	November 2012
Alldredge, M. 2004. Avian Point Count Surveys: Estimating Components of the Detection Process. Ph.D. Dissertation, Depts. Statistics and Zoology, North Carolina State University.	June 2004
Grieshaber, C.A. 2016. Relation of fish intersex and survival to contaminants in a riverine system. Master's Thesis, North Carolina State University.	November 2016

Technical Publications

Technical Publications	Publication Date
Thompson, J. S., J. A. Rice, D. S. Waters, J. C. Taylor, J. E. Hightower, L. A. Davias, and P. S. Rand. 2005. Energetics of reservoir striped bass populations: phase 1 final report. Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-68-04. North Carolina Wildlife Resoucres Commission, Raleigh.	August 2005
Technical/Agency Draft Recovery Plan for Amazona vittata.	December 2005
Simons, T.R., and S. Schulte. 2009. American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) research and monitoring in North Carolina. 2008 Annual report to the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Audubon Society.	January 2009
Simons, T.R., and S. Schulte. 2008. American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) research and monitoring in North Carolina. 2007 Annual report to the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Audubon Society. 58 pp.	January 2008
Simons, T.R., and S. Schulte, and J.J. Stocking. 2010. American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) research and monitoring in North Carolina. 2009 Annual report to the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Audubon Society. 58 pp.	January 2010
Simons, T.R., and N. Tarr. 2009. Fall shorebird migration and ORV disturbance at Cape Lookout National Seashore. 2008 Annual report to the National Park Service.	January 2009
Simons, T.R., and N. Tarr. 2008. Fall shorebird migration and ORV disturbance at Cape Lookout National Seashore. 2007 Annual report to the National Park Service. 66 pp.	January 2008
Simons, T.R., and N. Tarr. 2007. The effects of vehicle traffic on migrating shorebirds at Cape Lookout National Seashore. 2006 Annual report to the National Park Service. 39 pp.	January 2007
Simons, T.R., and N. Tarr. 2006. Measuring the effect of off-road vehicles on beach birds at Cape Lookout National Seashore. 2005 Annual progress report to the National Park Service. 26 pp.	February 2006
Simons, T.R., and R. Hylton. 2006. Assessment of Black-capped Chickadees as a Model Species for a Calcium Limitation Study in the Southern Appalachians. 2005 Annual Report to the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. 25 pp.	February 2006
Simons, T.R., S. Schulte, J. Cordes, M. Lyons, W. Golder. 2007. American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) research and monitoring in North Carolina. 2006 Annual report to the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Audubon Society. 46 pp.	January 2007
Simons, T.R., S. Schulte, C. McGowan, J. Cordes, M. Lyons, W. Golder. 2006. American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) research and monitoring in North Carolina. 2005 Annual report to the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Audubon Society. 46 pp.	January 2006
Simons, T.R., L.L. Bailey, and K.H. Pollock. 2001. Evaluation of salamander habitat associations and population monitoring techniques in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 2000 Annual Report.	June 2001
Simons, T.R., K.H. Pollock, J.M. Wettroth, M.W. Alldredge, K. Pacifici, and J. Brewster. 2008. Sources of measurement error, misclassification error, and bias in auditory avian point count data. The All-Bird Bulletin, March 2008: 2-3.	January 2008
Simons, T.R., C. McGowan, J. Cordes, M. Lyons, and W. Golder. 2003. American Oystercatcher (Haematopus paliatus) research and monitoring in North Carolina. Annual report to the National Park Service and the US. Fish and Wildlife Service, 27 pp.	January 2005
Simons, T.R., A. Waldstein, and A. O'Connell. 2010. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Ecology at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina. 2009 Annual Report to the National Park Service. 58 pp.	January 2010
Simons, T.R., A. Waldstein, and A. O'Connell. 2009. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Ecology at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina. 2008 Annual Report to the National Park Service.	January 2009
Simons, T.R., A. Waldstein, and A. O'Connell. 2008. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Ecology at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina. 2007 Annual Report to the National Park Service. 58 pp.	January 2008
Simons, T.R. and T. Borneman. 2011. Effects of Military Jet Overflights on American Oystercatcher Breeding Behavior and Productivity at Cape Lookout National Seashore. 2011 Annual Report to the U.S. Marine Corps. 44 pp.	January 2012
Simons, T.R. and R. Hylton. 2010. Effects of Atmospheric Pollution on High Elevation Fauna in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 2009 Annual Report to the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. 49 pp.	January 2010
Simons, T.R. and R. Hylton. 2009. Effects of Atmospheric Pollution on High Elevation Fauna in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 2008 Annual Report to the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey.	January 2009
Simons, T.R. and R. Hylton. 2008. Effects of Atmospheric Pollution on High Elevation Fauna in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 2007 Annual Report to the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. 49 pp.	January 2008
Simons, T.R. and R. Hylton. 2007. Assessing the Effects of Atmospheric Pollution on High Elevation Bird and Snail Communities in the Southern Appalachians. 2006 Annual Report to the National Park Service and the U.S. Geological Survey. 20 pp.	January 2007
Simons, T.R. and J.J. Stocking. 2011. American Oystercatcher Conservation Initiative – North Carolina. 2011 Annual Report to the National Park Service. 26 pp.	January 2012
Simons, T. R., L. L. Bailey, E. J. Hyde, and K. J. Pollock. 2000. Evaluation of salamander habitat associations and population monitoring techniques in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 1999 Annual report to the Environmental Protection Agency, 20 pp.	January 2000
Simons, T. R., J. L. Lichstein, and K. E. Franzreb. 2000. The effects of landscape pattern, core areas, and forest management practices on avian communities in the southern Appalachians. 1999 Annual report to the U.S. Forest Service, 23 pp.	January 2000
Simons, T. R. and S. A. Shriner. 2000. Ecology and conservation of Neotropical migrants in the southern Appalachians. 1999 Annual report to the National Park Service, 27 pp.	January 2000
Nytch, C., J. A. Collazo, F. Núñez-García, W. C. Hunter, and S. Melvin. 2010. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands Bird Conservation Plan. Final report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1875 Century Blvd., Atlanta, GA. 245 pp.	February 2010
Nesnow, C., and J. E. Hightower. 2001. Distribution, abundance and condition of American eels in the White Oak River basin, North Carolina. Annual report to U. S. Forest Service. North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, NCSU, Raleigh, NC.	September 2001
Lombard, C. D. and J. A. Collazo. 2007. Nesting Ecology and Conservation of Least Terns (Sterna antillarum antillarum) in St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands. Report submitted to: Government of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife, 6291 Estate Nazareth, St. Thomas, VI 00802. Report in fulfillment of Grant W-18, March 2007.	March 2007
Kwak, T.J., W.G. Cope, and F.M. Holliman. 2007. In situ evaluation of water quality and contaminants in the lower Roanoke River: survival and growth of shortnose sturgeon. Project Completion Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Raleigh, North Carolina.	November 2007
Kwak, T.J., P.B. Cooney, and C.H. Brown. 2007. Fishery population and habitat assessment in Puerto Rico streams: phase 1 final report. Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-50 Final Report, Submitted to Marine Resources Division, Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, San Juan.	November 2007
Kwak, T.J. and W.E. Pine III. 2001. A predator beneath us: exotic flathead catfish on the coastal plain. Friend of Wildlife: Journal of the North Carolina Wildlife Federation 49(3): 14-15.	August 2001
Kwak, T.J. 2000. Invited Book Review of River ecology and management: lessons from the Pacific coastal ecoregion, by R.J. Naiman and R.E. Bilby, editors. Ecology 81: 882-883.	March 2000
Kwak, T.J. 1999. Animal waste nutrient dynamics in the stream food web: evaluation of multiple stable isotopes for detection. Final Report Submitted to Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Little Rock.	January 2000
Hunt, K.M., J.C. Whitehead, D.J. Murie, and T.J. Kwak. 2008. Supply report: survey of institutions of higher learning to investigate possible shortages in the number of individuals with post-baccalaureate degrees in subjects related to fishery science. Pages 21-39 in U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Department of Education. The shortage in the number of individuals with post-baccalaureate degrees in subjects related to fishery science. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-91.	September 2008
Hunt, K.M., J.C. Whitehead, D.J. Murie, and T.J. Kwak. 2007. Survey of institutions of higher learning to investigate possible shortages in the number of individuals with post-baccalaureate degrees in subjects related to fishery science. Technical report submitted to the Executive Director of the American Fisheries Society, U.S. Secretary of Commerce, and the U.S. Secretary of Education, Bethesda, Maryland.	December 2007
Holliman, F.M., T.J. Kwak, W.G. Cope, and J.F. Levine. 2007. Assessing risk of electrofishing mortality and sublethal effects to freshwater mussels. State Wildlife Grant Project T-03-01, Final Report, Submitted to Division of Inland Fisheries, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Raleigh.	January 2007
Hightower, J. E., and J. R. Jackson. 2000. Distribution and natural mortality of stocked striped bass in Lake Gaston, North Carolina. Final Report to the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Division of Inland Fisheries. Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration Project F-30-13, Study Number 5.	January 2000
Hewitt, D. A., and J. E. Hightower. 2002. Use of fishwheels for sampling anadromous fishes in southeastern coastal rivers. Final report to the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Dominion Generation. North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, NC State University, Raleigh.	December 2002
Harris, J. E., and J. E. Hightower. 2010. Movement and spawning of American shad transported above dams on the Roanoke River. Report Number NCCFWRU 2010-001. Report to North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. NC Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, NC State University, Raleigh, NC.	August 2010
Eggleston, D. B., E. G. Johnson, and J. E. Hightower. 2004. Population dynamics and stock assessment of the blue crab in North Carolina. Final Report to North Carolina Fishery Resource Grant Program, North Carolina Sea Grant, and the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources, Division of Marine Fisheries.	June 2004
Drew, C. A, L. B. Alexander-Vaughn, and J. A. Collazo. 2012. Summary in Support of Manatee Protection Area (MPA) Design in Puerto Rico. North Carolina Agricultral Research Service, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University Raleigh, Technical Bulletin 330. www.basic.ncsu.edu/eda/downloads/PR-MPA_Report_2012.pdf (IP-043436)	October 2012
Collazo, J. A., M. Krachey, S. J. Dinsmore, T. H. White, Jr., I. Llerandi-Román. 2010. Assessment of Puerto Rican Parrot Demography: Implications for its Recovery Program. Final Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Puerto Rican Parrot Field Office, Rio Grande, Puerto Rico. 52 pp.	July 2010
Collazo, J. A., F. J. Vilella, T. H. White, and S. Guerrero. 1999. Survival and habitat use by captive-reared Hispaniolan Parrots released in Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic: implications for releases of captive-reared Puerto Rican Parrots. Final Report, USFWS, Rio Grande Field Office, Puerto Rico.	January 2000
Collazo, J. A. and M. J. Groom. 2000. Avian conservation in forested habitats of north-central Puerto Rico. Final Report to the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources.	January 2000
Burdick, S. M., J. E. Hightower, J. A. Buckel, L. M. Paramore, and K. H. Pollock. 2007. Movement and Selectivity of Red Drum and Survival of Adult Red Drum: An Analysis of 20 Years of Tagging Data. Completion report, North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC.	January 2007
Bowman, S., and J. E. Hightower. 2001. Dam removal increases fish spawning habitat. Habitat Hotline Atlantic VIII(2):1-5.	July 2001
Bowman, S., and J. E. Hightower. 2001. American shad and striped bass spawning migration and habitat selection in the Neuse River, North Carolina. Final report to the North Carolina Marine Fisheries Commission. North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, NCSU, Raleigh, NC.	April 2001
Atlantic Sturgeon Status Review Team. 2007. Status Review of Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus). Report to National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Regional Office. February 23, 2007. 174 pp	January 2007
Armstrong, J. A. and J. E. Hightower 1999. Movement, habitat selection and growth of early-juvenile Atlantic sturgeon in Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. Final report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Virginia Power. North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, NCSU, Raleigh, NC.	January 2000

Data or Software Releases

Type	Citation	Publication Date
Data Release	Jaime A. Collazo, 2023, Physiological Analysis of Eleutherodactylus Specimens in West-Central Puerto Rico, 2021-2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P940RY1P.	October 2022
Software Release	Dunn, C.G. and M.E. Colvin. 2023. “Piebald Madtom Bayesian belief network” (V1.2Pieblad_Madtom_BBN). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10034468	October 2023
Software Release	Dunn, C.G. and Colvin, M.E. 2023. R code for calculating imperilment of freshwater fish with a Bayesian belief network. Version 1.0.0: U.S. Geological Survey software release. Reston, Va. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IBB2K5	August 2024
Data Release	Collazo, J.A., 2023, Post-release survival of translocated Eleutherodactylus coqui in Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P97LZMD9.	September 2023
Data Release	Collazo, J.A, and Rivera-Burgos, A.C., 2022, Local demographic rates and Critical Thermal Maximum (CTMax) values of four Eleutherodactylus frogs in Puerto Rico, 2021-2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VN4DFK	November 2023

Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: North Carolina Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources

North Carolina Research Activities

Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: North Carolina
Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources