Virginia Research: Projects, Research Publications, Presentations, Thesis and Dissertations, Technical Publications

Virginia Research Activities

The Virginia Unit conducts vital research for understanding population dynamics of many bat species, including the red bat.

For detailed information about specific research activities at the Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Reseach Unit, please select links to unit staff and graduate students.

Projects

Project	Completion Date
Indices of Biological Integrity - Efficacy of Salamanders in Mined Landscapes of Appalachia	May 2014	This project is current in its formulation stage - however, we are seeking to understand if using aquatic and terrestrial salamanders provide similar or better information on mine-land recovery and ecological integrity than traditional taxa such as aquatic macro-invertebrates.	Post-mine recovery of aquatic salamanders occurs faster and wider across the landscape than previously thought. Actions to increase stream connectivity and restore riparian efforts enhance this effect.
Allegheny Woodrat: Identifying Strategies to Conserve a Declining Species	September 2014	The Allegheny woodrat is an obligate inhabitant of forested, exposed rock habitats in the Appalachians and Interior Low Plateaus and has exhibited a long-term population decline and range contraction. Given that many other species of special concern also are linked to this habitat type, the woodrat is an excellent indicator of habitat conditions. Hypotheses regarding the decline of this species focus on food resources (forest conditions), disease, and habitat isolation. We propose to use datasets from throughout the range of the species to test predictions from these hypotheses and to identify risk factors. This analysis using existing datasets will help quantify a structured decision analysis that can be used to guide habitat management or population restoration actions. The results of the decision model will provide the foundation for a multi-state adaptive management program to maximize the effectiveness of ongoing management activities.	None
Micro-habitat Characteristics of Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) Foraging Sites: Relating Structure, Composition and Soils to Habitat Identification, Conservation and Restoration Needs	December 2015	The 2008 delisting of the Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) was in part predicated on the fact that the known and probable distribution largely occurred on conservation lands, i.e., federal and state land, and that basic “stand-level” habitat associations were described. Moreover, a consensus of managers in the region either supported or did not object to using basic approaches to red spruce (Picea rubens) silvics as the guiding principle for enhancing and expanding flying squirrel habitat in the near- and medium-term (ca. 10-50 years). Indeed, delisting actually increased restoration opportunities, as managers did not face the regulatory paradox presented by the Endangered Species Act that makes short-term habitat degradation for long-term improvement a problematic endeavor. However, the re-listing of the flying squirrel (Friends of Blackwater et al. v. Salazar et al.,1:09-cv-02122-EGS) means that deductive associations, e.g., flying squirrels forage in spruce stands therefore flying squirrels either require or prefer spruce, are no longer sufficient as the basis to guide conservation and management. Rather, stronger cause and effect associations are needed to established that management actions such as the proposed work in the Upper Greenbrier opportunity area of the Monongahela National Forest, mitigation efforts associated with Corridor H construction or the Snowshoe Resort Habitat Conservation Plan either enhance habitat or sufficiently mitigate for planned degradation. <br>The preponderance of evidence clearly shows an association between red spruce communities and the Virginia northern flying squirrel in West Virginia and Virginia such as smaller home ranges in spruce-dominated sites and use greater than local scale availability (Menzel et al. 2006b, Ford et al. 2007) and higher occupancy rates (Ford et al. 2010). Numerous supported hypotheses that explain this relationship exist: structural protection from predators (Meyer et al. 2007), selection of a habitat avoided by southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) and presence of preferred food resources, e.g., hypogeal fungi (Loeb et al. 2000). Still, most basic relationships are poorly described. For example, although presence of northern flying squirrels increases markedly when stands exceed 35% relative importance of red spruce (Ford et al. 2004), no micro-habitat data exists to link specific conditions such as patch configuration or stand complexity with northern flying squirrel use or abundance. These kinds of data could be useful in describing relationships to stand condition or “decadence” that would help further refine red spruce restoration or enhancement measures. <br>Additionally, recent work by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service on high elevation sites in the Monongahela National Forest has suggested that one key micro-habitat component is the presence of thick organic soil layers known as folistic epipedons (Soil Survey Staff 2010). These carbon-rich soil horizons could be a particular characteristic of good northern flying squirrel habitat (J. Teets and S. Jones, unpubl. data). Indicative of micro-sites that were not heavily burned (a combination of anthropogenic influence and perhaps specific macro- and micro-scale landform characteristics) and that also retained a red spruce component, areas with folistic epipedons might be sites that support northern flying squirrel food resources (e.g. hypogeal fungi) underneath a protective red spruce cover. The near elimination of thick organic soils following exploitative logging and burning in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Schuler et al. 2002) may explain why northern flying squirrel home ranges are larger and relative abundances are less in the central Appalachians that in other parts of North America where the species occurs (Menzel et al. 2006b). If folistic epipedons are indeed important northern flying squirrel habitat components, then managers must to be able to identify and quantify/map their presence as a part of red spruce enhancement and restoration efforts. <br>We propose to conduct an examination of Virginia northern flying squirrel foraging micro-habitat characteristics from previous summer/fall home range and habitat use data from the Monongahela National Forest (McGowan Mountain, Stuart Knob and Canaan Heights) and Kumbrabow State Forest (Menzel et al. 2006b) and from squirrels that will be radio-collared and tracked in the late spring-summer-early fall 2012 and 2013 at Snowshoe Resort and the Upper Greenbrier project area of the Monongahela National Forest following the nest-box trapping, handling and radio-telemetry methods of Menzel et al. (2006b). Following an adaptation Castleberry et al. (2002)’s design to examine micro-habitat conditions used by Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) in West Virginia, we will establish vegetation and soil survey plots in association with telemetry points and random points. Primary emphasis will be to determine the extent of association of foraging points with red spruce over- and mid-story cover and the presence of folistic epipedons as well as to determine if these characteristics are quantifiable in a probabilistic, predictive manager (Odom et al. 2001) that could be used to refine and modify the current Virginia northern flying squirrel predicted distribution maps (Menzel et al. 2006a). Additionally, in a more mechanistic fashion, we will attempt to compare the quality and extent of measured micro-habitat characteristics to explain the variability of northern flying squirrel home range size observed on poor (McGowan Mountain, Upper Greenbrier, Kumbrabow State Forest), fair (Stuart Knob) and quality ranges (Canaan Heights and Snowshoe Resort). Specifically, we will:<br>1. Calculate core-use area from 50% ADK using Hawthe’s Tool Extension from historic Virginia northern flying squirrel home ranges and foraging points (Menzel et al. 2006b); retain only points in 50% ADK. Buffer each point 1.5-2X error polygon (0.16 ha, Menzel et al. 2006b). <br>2. Capture, collar, and track up to 16 northern flying squirrels (cumulative) at Snowshoe and Upper Greenbrier in 2012 and 2013. Calculate home range and retain foraging points from 50% ADK as above.<br>3. Randomly place 2-4, 0.04 ha plots within each 0.16 ha error polygon centered on 50% ADK foraging point. Record litter cover, ground cover, understory, midstory and overstory density, species composition and diversity (Castleberry et al. 2002) along with elevation, slope gradient, aspect and terrain shape (McNab 1989). Also, at each plot, a soil pit will be dug to approximately 50 cm, or to point of refusal. The depth of the surface organic layer, and presence/absence of folistic epipedons will be assessed (Soil Survey staff 2010). If present, follistic epipedons will be sampled for total carbon content (EPA Method 440. 0), and presence of charcoal layer, and rock content. The presence of hypogeal fungi will be determined by sifting through the first few cm of mineral soil to search for sporocarps following Loeb et al. (2000).<br>4. Quantitatively compare micro-habitat measures and soil characteristics among plots as stratified by over-all home range size or habitat quality assignment. Use data to create spatially explicit predictive maps of potential folistic epipedon areas and “enhanced” Virginia northern flying squirrel habitat quality based on these data combined with broad elevation and cover type from Menzel et al. 2006a and updated stand-age/size class data.<br>Our proposed micro-habitat will occur in the context of a larger, leveraged Virginia northern flying squirrel and Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) research project that seeks to 1) reexamine squirrel demographics from long-term nest box data from North Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia using PROGRAM PRESENCE and PROGRAM MARK, 2) link squirrel patch occupancy, extinction and colonization to spatial metrics, i.e., elevation/high elevation connectivity, forest patch size/configuration, and forest patch composition, and 3) determine the efficacy of using full spectrum or frequency division ultrasonic detectors for surveying northern flying squirrels in the central and southern Appalachians. As a value-added benefit, telemetry data collected in the Upper Greenbrier will form baseline home range and habitat use metrics necessary for planned enhancement and restoration activities to proceed in an adaptive management fashion over the coming years. Additionally, continued description and mapping of folistic epipedons may make important contributions towards understanding the role of high elevation forests and associated organic “cold” soils in carbon sequestration.	The 2008 delisting of the Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus) was in part predicated on the fact that the known and probable distribution largely occurred on conservation lands, i.e., federal and state land, and that basic “stand-level” habitat associations were described. Moreover, a consensus of managers in the region either supported or did not object to using basic approaches to red spruce (Picea rubens) silvics as the guiding principle for enhancing and expanding flying squirrel habitat in the near- and medium-term (ca. 10-50 years). Indeed, delisting actually increased restoration opportunities, as managers did not face the regulatory paradox presented by the Endangered Species Act that makes short-term habitat degradation for long-term improvement a problematic endeavor. However, the re-listing of the flying squirrel (Friends of Blackwater et al. v. Salazar et al.,1:09-cv-02122-EGS) means that deductive associations, e.g., flying squirrels forage in spruce stands therefore flying squirrels either require or prefer spruce, are no longer sufficient as the basis to guide conservation and management. Rather, stronger cause and effect associations are needed to established that management actions such as the proposed work in the Upper Greenbrier opportunity area of the Monongahela National Forest, mitigation efforts associated with Corridor H construction or the Snowshoe Resort Habitat Conservation Plan either enhance habitat or sufficiently mitigate for planned degradation. <br>The preponderance of evidence clearly shows an association between red spruce communities and the Virginia northern flying squirrel in West Virginia and Virginia such as smaller home ranges in spruce-dominated sites and use greater than local scale availability (Menzel et al. 2006b, Ford et al. 2007) and higher occupancy rates (Ford et al. 2010). Numerous supported hypotheses that explain this relationship exist: structural protection from predators (Meyer et al. 2007), selection of a habitat avoided by southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) and presence of preferred food resources, e.g., hypogeal fungi (Loeb et al. 2000). Still, most basic relationships are poorly described. For example, although presence of northern flying squirrels increases markedly when stands exceed 35% relative importance of red spruce (Ford et al. 2004), no micro-habitat data exists to link specific conditions such as patch configuration or stand complexity with northern flying squirrel use or abundance. These kinds of data could be useful in describing relationships to stand condition or “decadence” that would help further refine red spruce restoration or enhancement measures. <br>Additionally, recent work by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service on high elevation sites in the Monongahela National Forest has suggested that one key micro-habitat component is the presence of thick organic soil layers known as folistic epipedons (Soil Survey Staff 2010). These carbon-rich soil horizons could be a particular characteristic of good northern flying squirrel habitat (J. Teets and S. Jones, unpubl. data). Indicative of micro-sites that were not heavily burned (a combination of anthropogenic influence and perhaps specific macro- and micro-scale landform characteristics) and that also retained a red spruce component, areas with folistic epipedons might be sites that support northern flying squirrel food resources (e.g. hypogeal fungi) underneath a protective red spruce cover. The near elimination of thick organic soils following exploitative logging and burning in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Schuler et al. 2002) may explain why northern flying squirrel home ranges are larger and relative abundances are less in the central Appalachians that in other parts of North America where the species occurs (Menzel et al. 2006b). If folistic epipedons are indeed important northern flying squirrel habitat components, then managers must to be able to identify and quantify/map their presence as a part of red spruce enhancement and restoration efforts. <br>We propose to conduct an examination of Virginia northern flying squirrel foraging micro-habitat characteristics from previous summer/fall home range and habitat use data from the Monongahela National Forest (McGowan Mountain, Stuart Knob and Canaan Heights) and Kumbrabow State Forest (Menzel et al. 2006b) and from squirrels that will be radio-collared and tracked in the late spring-summer-early fall 2012 and 2013 at Snowshoe Resort and the Upper Greenbrier project area of the Monongahela National Forest following the nest-box trapping, handling and radio-telemetry methods of Menzel et al. (2006b). Following an adaptation Castleberry et al. (2002)’s design to examine micro-habitat conditions used by Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) in West Virginia, we will establish vegetation and soil survey plots in association with telemetry points and random points. Primary emphasis will be to determine the extent of association of foraging points with red spruce over- and mid-story cover and the presence of folistic epipedons as well as to determine if these characteristics are quantifiable in a probabilistic, predictive manager (Odom et al. 2001) that could be used to refine and modify the current Virginia northern flying squirrel predicted distribution maps (Menzel et al. 2006a). Additionally, in a more mechanistic fashion, we will attempt to compare the quality and extent of measured micro-habitat characteristics to explain the variability of northern flying squirrel home range size observed on poor (McGowan Mountain, Upper Greenbrier, Kumbrabow State Forest), fair (Stuart Knob) and quality ranges (Canaan Heights and Snowshoe Resort). Specifically, we will:<br>1. Calculate core-use area from 50% ADK using Hawthe’s Tool Extension from historic Virginia northern flying squirrel home ranges and foraging points (Menzel et al. 2006b); retain only points in 50% ADK. Buffer each point 1.5-2X error polygon (0.16 ha, Menzel et al. 2006b). <br>2. Capture, collar, and track up to 16 northern flying squirrels (cumulative) at Snowshoe and Upper Greenbrier in 2012 and 2013. Calculate home range and retain foraging points from 50% ADK as above.<br>3. Randomly place 2-4, 0.04 ha plots within each 0.16 ha error polygon centered on 50% ADK foraging point. Record litter cover, ground cover, understory, midstory and overstory density, species composition and diversity (Castleberry et al. 2002) along with elevation, slope gradient, aspect and terrain shape (McNab 1989). Also, at each plot, a soil pit will be dug to approximately 50 cm, or to point of refusal. The depth of the surface organic layer, and presence/absence of folistic epipedons will be assessed (Soil Survey staff 2010). If present, follistic epipedons will be sampled for total carbon content (EPA Method 440. 0), and presence of charcoal layer, and rock content. The presence of hypogeal fungi will be determined by sifting through the first few cm of mineral soil to search for sporocarps following Loeb et al. (2000).<br>4. Quantitatively compare micro-habitat measures and soil characteristics among plots as stratified by over-all home range size or habitat quality assignment. Use data to create spatially explicit predictive maps of potential folistic epipedon areas and “enhanced” Virginia northern flying squirrel habitat quality based on these data combined with broad elevation and cover type from Menzel et al. 2006a and updated stand-age/size class data.<br>Our proposed micro-habitat will occur in the context of a larger, leveraged Virginia northern flying squirrel and Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) research project that seeks to 1) reexamine squirrel demographics from long-term nest box data from North Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia using PROGRAM PRESENCE and PROGRAM MARK, 2) link squirrel patch occupancy, extinction and colonization to spatial metrics, i.e., elevation/high elevation connectivity, forest patch size/configuration, and forest patch composition, and 3) determine the efficacy of using full spectrum or frequency division ultrasonic detectors for surveying northern flying squirrels in the central and southern Appalachians. As a value-added benefit, telemetry data collected in the Upper Greenbrier will form baseline home range and habitat use metrics necessary for planned enhancement and restoration activities to proceed in an adaptive management fashion over the coming years. Additionally, continued description and mapping of folistic epipedons may make important contributions towards understanding the role of high elevation forests and associated organic “cold” soils in carbon sequestration.
Cerulean Warbler Response to Variable Density Thinning and Other Silvicultural Prescriptions – A Multi-state Adaptive Management Project	December 2014	Populations of cerulean warblers (Setophaga cerulea; CERW), a neotropical migratory songbird ranging throughout much of the Appalachian Mountains, have declined at one of the steepest rates relative to other North American warbler species based on estimates from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS; Sauer et al. 2011). These birds breed in large blocks of mature forest containing large diameter trees, but have highly specific preferences for complex vegetation structure in the canopy that include a well-developed mid- and understory and a broken canopy with spreading crowns and long horizontal limbs (Jones and Robertson 2001, Jones e t al. 2001, Nicholson 2003, Perkins 2006). The amount of mature deciduous forest in eastern North America with these vegetation characteristics and requisite disturbance regimes has decreased or been substantially altered over the past century. A recently completed body of research (Bakermans and Rodewald 2009, Boves 2011, George 2009, Hartman et al. 2009, Perkins 2006, Wood and Perkins In Press) found that CERW benefit from forest management practices that promote a heterogeneous canopy structure. Over 6 years at study sites in Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginia, CERW had greatest increases in territory density on 10 ha silvicultural shelterwood type harvests that retained 10-20 m2/ha (mean 12.6 m2/ha) of white oak (Quercus alba), chestnut oak (Q. prinus), hickory (Carya spp.), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) residuals in Appalachian and Central Hardwood forests. Results from this work currently are being used to develop forest management guidelines for CERW, however, questions remain regarding minimum effective harvest size, timing and proximity of multiple harvests, longevity of positive CERW response, and need for subsequent stand re-entry or intermediate treatment, i.e., partial residual removal, prescribed burning or herbicide application to prevent stand capture by shade-tolerant mast-poor woody species. We are proposing a region-wide study during 2013-2016 to address cerulean warbler and associated species response to a variety of planned harvests and management activities. Partners will include American Bird Conservancy, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S Army Corps of Engineers, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, West Virginia Division of Forestry, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Ohio Division of Natural Resources, Maryland Division of Natural Resources, and the Kentucky Wildlife Resources Commission. The overarching management goal is to create CERW habitat via variable density thinning, shelterwood, and firewood harvests as well as non-commercial overstory herbicide treatments across the wide range of site conditions, age classes, and landscape configurations that are within the parameters of typical forest management at the state wildlife management area and state forest scale and purpose. Likely study areas include Elk River WMA, Stonewall Jackson WMA, and Coopers Rock State Forest in West Virginia, Gathright, Highland and Goshen Mountain WMAs in Virginia, Paintsville Lake WMA in Kentucky, Savage River State Forest in Maryland, and Tar Hollow WMA and Zaleski State Forest in Ohio. State partners have identified areas slated for management. The West Virginia Unit will take data collection responsibilities for the West Virginia and Ohio study areas and the Virginia Unit taking data collection responsibilities for the Virginia, Kentucky and Maryland study areas. The specific research objective is to quantify relative abundance and territory density of cerulean warblers and associated avian species to environmental parameters within the context of applied forest management activities. We propose at minimum a 4-year study at each site. We will sample 1 year pre-harvest (2013) to establish baseline conditions, 2 years during harvest (2014-15) as the various harvests and management activities are implemented across each site, and 1 year post-harvest (2016). Throughout each study area, we will establish avian point count stations with >250 m between points to quantify relative abundance of the overall avian community. Points will be placed across the managed area to ensure that each harvest type and management activity is represented. Each point will be surveyed twice in each breeding season with standard 10 min point count surveys by trained and experienced observers (Ralph et al. 1993). All individuals seen or heard will be recorded by species. Points will be sampled between a half hour after sunrise and 1030 on days with appropriate weather conditions. Observations will be categorized into five detection types (calling, displaying, flyovers, singing, visuals), and sex will be determined if possible. We will record detections by distance categories and one-minute time intervals to calculate detection probabilities (Farnsworth et al. 2005). We will use program DISTANCE to estimate density (Thomas et al. 2009) for species with a large enough sample size. For other species, we will calculate indices of relative abundance. For cerulean warblers and a set of focal species, we also will sample via territory mapping to better evaluate the potential for breeding within each of the different harvest types. Territory mapping will be conducted throughout the study area on 8 mornings in May and June each year by trained observers who record locations of singing males, pairs, and territorial activities (e.g., conspecific counter-singing and aggressive interactions). Surveys will be conducted between sunrise and 4 hrs after sunrise on mornings without significant precipitation or sustained high winds. We will then delineate territories of each species following Bibby et al. (2000), requiring clusters of ≥2 territory registrations and using territorial behaviors when possible to separate territories. Territory density will be calculated for each harvest unit. Additionally, sampling will be completed each year to characterize the structure and composition of vegetation in each harvest unit. Metrics will include such things as basal area by tree species, snag density, cover in vegetative height classes, shrub cover by species, and ground cover in several classes. Vegetation metrics will be related to relative abundance and territory density of avian species.	None
White-tailed Deer Impact and Vegetative Response in the Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley and Appalachian Plateau of Virginia in Relation to Landscape and Land Ownership Characteristics	December 2015	An understanding of white-tailed deer relationships to ecosystem components (biodiversity) is a high priority for the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries’ deer management program and the current Virginia Deer Management Plan recognizes that practical and efficient assessments of deer impacts need to be developed. Indeed, a need to link population goals directly to ecosystem impacts is explicitly provided by the plan. Virginia’s location along the central and southern Appalachians along with the relatively large amount of public land has caused unique and temporally variable challenges for white-tailed deer management. In essence, depending on location, the western Virginia deer herd can, at the extremes, can display characteristics of the overabundant deer range of north-central Pennsylvania to that more similar of the rare or nearly absent deer ranges of eastern Kentucky and Tennessee. Along the southern and southwestern portion of the mountains, poor habitat quality and mast-driven density independent factors historically have resulted in low- to medium-density herds with poor physiological condition and low annual expectations from the hunting public. Conversely, central and northern portions of the mountains experienced higher deer densities from the late 1980’s through the early 2000’s than at present. This may have raised the expectations of the hunting public, particularly those relying on public land (e.g., national forest) as well as causing localized impacts to agriculture, forest regeneration and overall biodiversity and natural community integrity. Considerable declines in deer density (from > 40/sq mi to 20/sq mi or less) have likely resulted from a combination of liberalized harvest regulations on private lands in conjunction with numerous extrinsic factors such as harsh winters, successive poor mast crops, continued decline of traditional early successional habitat management on public land, increased black bear and coyote populations, changed road access on public lands and changed ownership and management of private forest lands. Whether or not increases are desirable from a biodiversity perspective or even possible from harvest/hunting opportunity standpoint is unknown without a better understanding of how the inherent landscape characteristics and current land management conditions variation can be related to deer harvest and density. Accordingly, the main justification from an agency perspective of this work is improve deer population management objectives as they relate to ecosystem response and impacts to deer and the assessment tools needed to measure the successful or unsuccessful meeting of those objectives. Secondarily, data from this work will be important for maintaining and improving deer habitat quality and quantity when and where appropriate consistent with the goals of the plan. <br><br>1) Goal: To conduct literature review on assessment of deer impacts to biodiversity and develop prototype assessment techniques suitable for Virginia environments.<br><br>2) Goal: To understand the variation in deer impact and contribution of inherent landscape features, public-private ownership patterns and relative deer density across western Mountains.<br> <br>3) Goal: To determine if legacy effects from deer overabundance are quantifiable the extent to which present herd and lags in vegetation recovery are linked or are disassociative.	Spatial patterns of deer herbivory in the central Appalachians in Virginia are local in nature. Assessment of deer impact on vegetation must be conducted by managers at relatively fine-scales.
Distribution and abundance of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) in the Dan River basin of Virginia	February 2012	PROJECT DESCRIPTION: A key tactic in recovering the endangered Roanoke logperch is to find undiscovered populations. Potentially suitable habitat occurs across the upper Piedmont portion of the Dan River basin in Virginia but this area has not been extensively surveyed for logperch. We will conduct a survey targeting streams that seem most likely to support logperch within this basin. This project provides partial support for Jamie Roberts (PhD student). OBJECTIVES: Specific objectives are: 1) to estimate the distribution and abundance of Roanoke logperch in selected tributaries of the Dan River in Virginia; 2) to develop a sampling protocol that could be used in subsequent studies to estimate the abundances of populations of Roanoke logperch throughout its range. PROGRESS: Sample sites have been selected via a stratified-random process to ensure that the stream-types most likely to support logperch are sampled with the greatest frequency. We used a GIS to select 30 stream-reaches for fish sampling. These reaches are distributed among the Dan, South Mayo, North Mayo, Bannister, Sandy, and Stinking rivers and Cherrystone, Whitehorn, Georges, and Sandy creeks. Field collections are nearly complete but no new logperch locations have been discovered.	None
Regulating Services as Measures of Ecological Resilience on DoD Lands	September 2015	PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This project will demonstrate the utility of using information on aquatic ecosystem services (AES) in land-use planning on two military bases (Fort Pickett, VA and Cherry Point, NC). Our overall objective is to provide the Department of Defense (DoD) with clearer insight into the current and future provision of AES germane to environmental constraints, including imperiled species, water quality, and urban encroachment. The ecological resilience provided by AES may be important when planning land uses, whether for environmental stewardship or military training. Spatially explicit knowledge of AES capacity and flow can help DoD land managers make planning decisions that enhance cost-effectiveness, minimize environmental damage, and maximize the resources available for their military mission. Land-use choices by the DoD must be made in the context of dynamic demographic, land-use, and climatic conditions on adjacent lands, which ultimately regulate AES capacity and flow. These dynamics can be depicted in future scenarios that enable land managers to plan more effectively for environmental conflicts. We will identify areas a) with high and low ecological resilience based on water purification (i.e. sediment and nutrient regulation) and water regulation (i.e. flood and drought modulation) capacity and b) likely to be affected by changes to precipitation and sediment and nutrient transport regimes as well as sea-level rise. This project provides partial support for Naga Modala (new PhD student). OBJECTIVES: Our specific technical objectives are to 1) estimate current capacity of and demand for selected AES within DoD lands, 2) forecast the effects of future DoD land use (i.e. planned military and environmental operations) and climate changes on the capacity of these AES, and 3) forecast how land-use and climate changes in nearby lands might affect future demand for AES within DoD lands. Our main research objectives include: a) Refine and demonstrate a new approach for quantifying and mapping ecosystem services. b) Examine the strengths and weaknesses of distinguishing between ES capacity and flow. c) Compare the utility of the analytical approach used herein with an analogous approach applied at a larger spatial scale in previous studies. d) Examine the utility of stakeholder-designed future scenarios for informing decisions about land-use planning. PROGRESS: We have conducted an orientation meeting with Fort Pickett staff and selected stakeholders and begun to assemble the data needed to perform the spatial analyses. We are working with Cherry Point staff to schedule an orientation meeting. We participated in a DoD-sponsored workshop with other proponents to develop performance objectives for the demonstration.	None
Survey of the freshwater mollusk assemblages in the Little River, Virginia.	December 2011	PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The Little River is a relatively undisturbed headwater tributary of the Clinch River that still supports at least 12 freshwater mussel species, including the federally endangered shiny pigtoe, Fusconaia cuneolus and littlewing pearly mussel (Pegias fabula). The most comprehensive survey of the stream was conducted 20 years ago. We are repeating surveys at those survey locations using semi-quantitative methods intended to detect rare species and quantitative methods to establish base-line data for monitoring purposes and population estimates. These efforts will be coupled with fish assemblage surveys conducted by VDGIF and TVA. OBJECTIVES: 1) Detect endangered species and document native mollusk assemblages at 16 sites in the Little River originally visited by biologist in 1990; and 2) Determine density at selected sites in the Little River. PROGRESS: As of August 2011, we have semi-quantitatively sampled 21 sites in the Little River, documented and described habitat, determined the amount of habitat surveyed, measured all live mussels, and noted the presence of other aquatic mollusks (snails and clams). We have documented live specimens of 11including the state-endangered Alasmidonta viridis and a federal candidate for threatened status, Ptychobranchus subtentum. We found relic shells of the federally endangered, Quadrula cylindrica strigillata and Pegias fabula and a relic shell of the state-endangered Lasmigona holstonia. We also observed several relic shells of the state-threatened Io fluvialis. Our greatest challenge has been obtaining permission to access sites in the Little River. We have spent considerable time contacting and coordinating visits with land owners. We now have a more complete picture of the spatial variation among sites in the Little River. In general, there appears to be a great amount of variation in total richness and relative abundance among sites; however, there are a few patterns of note. As expected, there is increasing richness from upstream to downstream, but this is limited to the upstream third of the river. Species richness varies greatly in lower two-thirds of the river. While relative abundance varies greatly throughout the river, many sites in the middle of the river have extremely low numbers of mussels as well as limited species richness. Instream physical habitat does not appear to explain the limited richness and abundance, nor does local land use. These three sites flow through a landscape of forest or pasture well buffered by an extensive forested riparian zone.	None
Development and Assessment of Tools for Evaluating Stream Fish Community Responses to Climate Change along Thermal Gradients	September 2012	PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This project is part of a collaboration between several USGS and USFS scientists to examine effects of climate change on stream-fish communities and aquatic ecosystem services (AES), including effects via altered temperature, water-flow, and habitat regimes. The study will use existing data on climate projections, land cover, hydrology, hydrography, topography, and fish-habitat associations to model spatiotemporal changes in fish-community composition and the ability of watersheds to deliver selected ecosystem services. We will compare findings from two study basins: the upper Chattahoochee River (UCR) and the upper Roanoke River (URR). The work in the Virginia Unit will focus on mapping and analyzing AES. Focal AES include surface water supply, water purification, and water temperature regulation. This project provides partial support for Beatriz Mogollon (new MS student). OBJECTIVES: Specific objectives are: 1) estimate and map capacity and flow for each focal AES across watersheds within the study basins; 2) assess long-term sustainability of current AES delivery in the study basins; 3) work with stakeholders to develop and map plausible future scenarios of AES delivery, for use in conservation planning and land/water use decisions in the study basins. PROGRESS: We installed air and water temperature probes (continuous monitoring) in 30 watersheds across the URR. These represent a gradient of cold-cool-warm streams. Temperature data are downloaded quarterly, and water quality data are collected simultaneously. These data will be used to calibrate the models to project temperature and nutrient scenarios. We are coordinating with other collaborators to ensure compatible results from both study basins.	None
Population ecology of variegate darter in Virginia	May 2012	PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The variegate darter (Etheostoma variatum) is listed as endangered in Virginia. The species is known to occur in Virginia at only four sites in four streams of the Big Sandy River drainage (BSRD) in Buchanan and Dickenson counties, and has suffered population declines and range contractions due to resource extraction, non-point source pollution, and habitat alteration. Specific threats include coal mining, logging, urban development, road construction, sewer and waterline construction, and associated land uses. In April 2007, CONSOL Energy installed a diffuser pipe to discharge high-chloride waste water from their Buchanan No.1 mine into Levisa Fork, Buchanan County, Virginia. The pipe will discharge >1000 gal/min; environmental impacts are expected to occur for several hundred meters downstream. Because variegate darters are known to occupy this reach, longterm monitoring is necessary to determine the effects to this species.An important conservation tactic is to ensure that information is sufficient to accurately describe species distribution, abundance, and status and to assess current human impacts. Although some sites in the BSRD have been surveyed, additional potentially suitable sites remain unsurveyed in recent years. Furthermore, neither habitat quality nor population status for any Virginia population of VD has been rigorously assessed, and the biotic impacts of the diffuser discharge are unknown. The proposed research will address Priority Actions 1, 3, and 4 in the variegate darter recovery plan and will establish a study design to assess biotic impacts associated with the diffuser discharge. <br><br>OBJECTIVES: 1) Document the geographic extent of variegate darter distribution in Virginia; 2) Assess the habitat suitability for variegate darter at all survey sites; 3) Estimate population size and age structure of variegate darter in Virginia; 4) estimate genetic distinctiveness and effective population sizes of variegate darter populations in Virginia; and 5) develop a protocol to monitor status and trends of variegate darter in Virginia. <br><br>PROGRESS: We sampled 20 sites in the BSRD in Virginia between May and October 2010, and we collected variegate darters at nine of the 13 Levisa Fork sites and at zero of seven Russell Fork sites. Detection probability across all sites was high (0.95), and site occupancy did not vary among years at any site. Variegate darters preferentially used habitat with water depths > 0.41 m and velocity > 0.16 m/s2. Water quality in the Levisa Fork generally met Virginia Department of Environmental Quality standards for pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen, but conductivity and salinity exceeded standard levels across both Levisa and Russell fork watersheds. We identified three year classes in 2010, including young-of-year, age 1+ and age 2+, indicative of successful spawning in 2010. Fish growth appeared to be slower in 2010 than 2009 given the smaller average and maximum length in age 1+ and 2+ year classes. Mark-recapture sampling indicated density at two riffles was 0.17 to 0.18 individuals/m2. Calculated abundances were 216 and 201 darters at these sites. We measured total habitat availability (riffle area) and we used CPUE from sampled sites to extrapolate an estimate of population size; we estimated variegate darter population size is 16,950 in Levisa Fork from the Virginia state line to the mouth of Dismal Creek. We assessed genetic size and structure of variegate darters in Virginia, and we identified a moderate-sized, genetically stable population in Virginia, though this population is isolated from downstream populations and has begun to differentiate through random genetic drift. Despite isolation, Virginia populations are more closely related to downstream Levisa Fork individuals than to those in Tug Fork, as expected. These data and future collections will allow for on-going monitoring of status and trends of variegate darter populations in Virginia.
Analysis of historic Carolina northern flying squirrel monitoring data and assessment of acoustical monitoring techniques	September 2013	The endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (CNFS: Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) occurs on a limited number of isolated/disjunct mountain peaks > 1400 m in North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia in northern hardwood forests and mixed forests of northern hardwood-red spruce (Picea rubens), red-spruce-Fraser fir (Abies fraseri), and northern hardwood-eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) (Ford et al. 2007). Naturally isolated since the end of the Pleistocene, CNFS habitat was further degraded by exploitative logging and wildfire at the turn of the 20th Century. Subsequent habitat recovery has been tempered by continued threats to these forest communities from exotic insect infection, (i.e., balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae; hemlock woolly adelgid, A. tsugae), atmospheric acid deposition, recreational development, and climate change. On private land, further habitat loss occurs with second-home development. Den site and parasite-mediated competition with southern flying squirrels (G. volans) is an added stressor that probably limits CNFS at mid-elevations, particularly in the presence of significant hard mast species such as northern red oak (Quercus rubra) (Ford et al. 2007). Survey protocols using nest box transects to determine presence/absence and persistence of the CNFS and the similarly endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel (G.s. fuscus) in West Virginia and northwestern Virginia have changed little since both subspecies were listed in 1986. As an inventory technique, it produces occupancy results slowly, though with reasonable detection probabilities (> 0.6) over multiple years (Ford et al. 2010). Nest box data also has provided some detail about northern flying squirrel demographics, i.e., timing of parturition and litter size (Reynolds et al. 1999) and has provided the basis for predictive habitat modeling at medium to large-landscape scales (Odom et al. 1999, Menzel et al. 2006). Despite annual or multiple intra-year surveys over successive years with some recapture of marked individuals, albeit small (Reynolds et al. 1999), no effort has been undertaken to examine the efficacy of nest-box data for use in calculating metrics on survival, relative population size, population rate of change, emigration, immigration or movement probabilities – critical data needs identified in the subspecies’ recovery plan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1990). Because nest-box monitoring is labor intensive and logistically challenging, the inability to generate these parameters might provide a rationale to discontinue nest-box monitoring in lieu of other survey techniques that either could generate these data or simply provide presence-absence data suitable for occupancy modeling with less intensive effort. However, if nest-box data can be used to generate meaningful population measures and characteristics, these could be linked with habitat and land cover delineations from remotely-sensed data and/or improved predictive land cover data comprehensive habitat and population management within whole geographic recovery units to address action items from the subspecies’ recovery plans. Project objectives 1)Compile, review, analyze and characterize the North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission’s Carolina northern flying squirrel nest box monitoring dataset; 2)provide a characterization of data variance and determine if nest box capture data can be used to assess mark-recapture based estimates of population size, population trends and survival rates using Program Mark or if nest box capture data can only provide robust occupancy estimates using Program Mark or Program Presence; 3)evaluate and provide recommendations for improving statistical power, precision and accuracy of data collected by nest box monitoring whether from mark-recapture or presence-absence such as incorporation of habitat quality rankings or spatial attributes of patch size and configuration in an AIC modeling approach; and 4)create database tools to facilitate analysis of extant and future Carolina northern flying squirrel data (e.g., recapture queries).	None
Acoustical Sampling Following White-nose Syndrome at Fort Drum, New York: Pilot Test to Determine Efficacious Techniques to Address Surveillance Needs	December 2013	Of all Federal ownerships, Department of Defense land managers are faced with the most unique stewardship challenges of balancing training and mission needs with National Environmental Policy Act and Endangered Species Act compliance. Significant portions of the agency’s ownership contain habitats with numerous threatened, endangered, and at-risk species. For installations in the Northeast and mid-Atlantic such as Fort Drum, New York, bats constitute a faunal group of high conservation concern to installation managers. Formal consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the necessity of expensive mist-netting surveys is an annual reality for project clearance; many natural resource management activities, such as forest management and range maintenance, often are modified or seasonally restricted to account for these species’ ecological needs and to avoid Section 7 “take”. However as bat populations decline from the impacts of White-nose Syndrome, mist-netting survey methods increasingly fail to provide data for regulatory clearance due to low catch-per-unit-effort (also higher “per bat” costs), yet population declines and additional listings will require increased monitoring efforts . To meet this critical need and to potentially significantly reduce monitoring costs by eliminating the need for inefficient mist-netting, use of acoustical sampling (frequency division Anabat SD2) of bat echolocation could serve as an alternative, less costly method with greater detection power. Development and validation of detector placement design and analytical strategies to characterize temporal variation in bat activity, e.g., day, month, season (emphasis on maternity roost areas) and movement route/timing for both short- and long-distance migrants also are needed. OBJECTIVES: 1) Demonstrate the potential for multiple acoustical device placements (15-25 units) and multiple continuous sampling (3-10 nights per site per unit) to assess bat species assemblages, occupancy modeling, and detection probabilities for monitoring and regulatory clearance; 2) demonstrate the potential value of these data to assess relative bat activity at landscape- and stand-level scales (upland and riparian habitat associations and spatial and temporal patterns of movement, i.e., along known and presumed corridors and between day-roost areas/woodlots); 4) ascertain potential sampling and test analytical protocols for effective use of multiple detectors deployed over long duration efforts. 4) compare cost and logistical considerations of acoustical methods in comparison to contractor-supported mist-netting generally and in the context of declining catch and cost efficiencies following WNS.	Acoustic monitoring of bats, particularly, the endangered Indiana bat is a viable monitoring technique to assess distribution and indices of abundance on DOD lands.
Effects of a hierarchal and spatially differential disruption of roosts and roost areas on non-random assorting (social) dynamic in bats using ephemeral forest conditions	December 2014	This study at Fort Knox, Kentucky, examines how disruption of primary (node) and secondary day-roosts affect the non-random assorting roost dynamic for the northern bat (Myotis septentrionalis). This species, similar to other forest-dwelling myotids, such as the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) displays a cyclic spatio-temporal maternal colony system known as fission-fusion. Within this social structure, larger groups of bats, presumably matriline-dominated aggregates, may begin the maternity season at a single or a small number of centralized “node” roost trees as would be described via network analysis. Typically occurring in spatially-definable “roost-area, often these groups will disassemble into smaller groups and disperse to nearby secondary boles with periodic reassembly (in-part) at the centralized node tree in a scale-free network. The exact socio-behavioral mechanisms causing dispersal from node trees to secondary trees and back again are unknown. Nonetheless, the modularity of this system provides for various levels and combinations of nested patterns that allow bats and their conspecifics to gather and share relevant ecological information on roost location and availability within roost areas. Individual and group knowledge of roost location and availability is particularly important as suitable roosts such as snags or trees with cavities or other wounds often are ephemeral products of forest disturbance from fire, wind, flooding, drought, ice, and insect or disease damage. In many temperate forest conditions, these suitable roosts are ephemeral and therefore present in a shifting mosaic on the landscape that follows single-tree to stand disturbance or other processes such as stand senescence. The temporal scale of the disturbance return-interval dictates when roosts are created on the landscape. Longevity of roost suitability and multiple secondary roost acquisition by non-random aggregations serves to hedge bets against node loss within a season or between years for non-random assorting groups that are philopatric to defined roost areas. Such acquisition also serves as possible future node establishment, suggesting that the larger social group moves roost areas on the landscape in concert with disturbance and consequent shifting of suitable conditions. Understanding response to differential loss or accelerated availability of nodes and/or secondary roosts in a fission-fusion context should provide insights into how bats respond to extrinsic perturbations such as training and stewardship activities (short-term) or climate change (long-term). Conceivably, such information could be useful to implement forest management or ecological restoration actions that either will minimize impacts to extant roosting habitat or might enhance and expand roosting habitat. Perhaps more importantly, these data could allow managers the ability to place roosting habitat on the landscape where benefits to bats could be maximized while simultaneously reducing impacts of regulatory liabilities or impediments on landscape needs. OBJECTIVES: 1) removal of a node roost causes disassociation and reassembly at secondary roosts as novel social groups of northern bats on the landscape; 2)removal of secondary roosts lengthens node tree use and strengthens group cohesion; and 3) nonrandom assorting groups will switch roost areas if node and secondary roosts are simultaneously removed and new supplemental roosts are created.	None
Climate Change-Induced Biome Shifts for CONUS Department of Defense Lands	December 2014	This proposed work is part of a larger U.S. Army Environmental Quality Installation (EQI) 6.2/6.3 project that examines climate-change impacts to DOD installations. The Virginia Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (VCFWRU) will be collaborating with ERDC Environmental and Information Technology labs, the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station (NRS), the Ohio State University (OSU) and Oklahoma State University (OKSU) (Figure 1). Importantly, this work will complement and address several points raised in the 2009 Quadrennial Defense Review, most notably the need “to adjust to the impacts of climate change on our facilities and military capabilities.” Specific objectives that VCFWRU will address in whole or in part are to: 1)Define climate change scenarios (low, medium, high impacts); compile climate change-induced biome shift predictions of CONUS DOD installations; 2)develop initial, generic conceptual models for ecological response and environmental management impacts for each biome transition; 3)identify conceptual model critical endpoints that will allow feedback to refine/”prune” conceptual models (GIS, monitoring data, lit. review, expert elicitation) to characterize significant complete pathways; 4)conduct multivariate analyses on installations’ critical endpoint susceptibilities and underlying explanatory variables from conceptual models to cluster or aggregate CONUS installations by common attributes, i.e., environmental, geographic, or military role; 5)downselect representative CONUS installations by aggregated category to construct spatially- and temporally-explicit stand-level biotic change scenarios.	This study seeks to apply output from a range of General Circulation Models (GCM) to: 1) predict broad shifts in ecoregion boundaries in the continental US in order to understand how climate change will affect installations with similar future climatic envelopes; and 2), identify specific representative installations within ecoregions where large-scale spatial analyses will be conducted to model potential impacts of climate change on specific landscapes, resources and management scenarios.
Assessment and mitigation of potential impact of the Southeast Supply Enhancement Project on Roanoke Logperch	May 2025	Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company is planning the Southeast Supply Enhancement Project, which includes approximately 31 miles of 42-inch-diameter pipeline traversing Pittsylvania County, VA and Rockingham County, NC – designated as the Eden Loop. Several federally protected aquatic species (i.e., Roanoke Logperch [RLP], multiple mussels) are known from, or may occur in, streams crossed by Eden Loop. We are working with staff at Williams SSC to design pre-construction water quality monitoring, instream embeddedness surveys, benthic macroinvertebrate surveys, and sediment transport modeling to be used in assessing potential Project impacts on federally protected aquatic species. findings will be be used to avoid and minimize potential adverse project impacts on federally protected aquatic species.	None
Exploring eDNA as a stream bioassessment tool	September 2024	In this project, we are exploring the utility of supplementing conventional biological sampling for macroinvertebrates and fishes with eDNA metabarcoding. We will use the same study sites and sampling periods being used to assess efficacy of agricultural BMPs in the Chesapeake Bay basin (see above). To account for DNA inputs from upstream, we will sample eDNA from both the up- and downstream ends of each stream segment. eDNA data will be compared to data collected via conventional biological sampling to assess the comparability of the two approaches. Findings wiil be useful to agencies conducting bioassessments.	None
Assessing and mapping instream embeddedness for Strategic Habitat Units (SHUs) in Alabama and adjoining states	October 2025	Strategic Habitat Units (SHUs) were delineated to focus conservation and recovery actions in watersheds with many at-risk aquatic species. We will predict and map mean embeddedness for all gravel-bed stream segments draining four physiographic regions (Highland Rim, Cumberland Plateau, Valley and Ridge, Piedmont) in the SHUs. We will use publicly available, remotely sensed data on channel characteristics<i> </i>to predict embeddedness. Further, in four SHUs – representing a wide range of physiographic conditions and at-risk aquatic species – we will conduct repeated intensive field surveys to measure embeddedness and other channel features, then use those data to refine our predictions. We will work closely with Region 4 FWS biologists to choose field sites and apply the new geospatial layers of embeddedness to conservation discussions and decisions germane to the many at-risk aquatic species in the SHUs. Our analytical approach can be applied to many additional drainages across Region 4.	None
Development and publication of a generic Resource Equivalency Analysis (REA) model for freshwater mussels for use in Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration (NRDAR) cases	June 2025	We are developing a standardized REA model to be peer-reviewed and published for use in litigated cases concerning injury to freshwater mussels. The model will build on the REA developed for the Clinch River/Lone Mountain Restoration Report in support of a large PCB-liability case. Research questions arose from that case regarding a) how to determine baseline conditions, b) sensitivity of mussel fecundity, and how to account for future generations of mussels. The model will focus on mussel propagation and reintroduction phases of restoration, but will be flexible enough to allow DOI economists to evaluate any type of restoration alternative. This generic REA will facilitate estimating injury and the required amount of restoration. Our standardized model will benefit NRDAR practitioners by explicitly stating the biological and demographic assumptions of the current model and by simplifying the REA process. Our final REA will allow for a range of potential restoration options, making it useful for a wide variety of mussel NRDAR cases.	None
Mussel reestablishment as a best management practice: scaling their nutrient effects from the individual to the stream	June 2027	We will quantify ecological and biogeochemical effects of<br>reintroducing native unionid mussels into two restored urban headwater streams in Reston,<br>Virginia - Snakeden Branch and The Glade. A team of experts will provide a holistic and practical understanding of the outcomes of mussel restoration with respect to ecological processes, water quality, and biological communities. We will measure and analyze features of individual mussels, mussel beds, and stream reaches to describe the role mussels play in stream ecosystem function. We will document species-specific responses of reintroduced mussels and their effectiveness in assimilating nutrients and changing physical and chemical conditions of the sediments to facilitate nitrogen removal via denitrification. Findings will inform managers on the capacity of mussels to improve water quality in urban streams and provide an ecological basis for evaluating ecosystem services provided by mussel beds.	None
Assessing at-risk turtle species' population status to inform conservation and management	December 2026	Eastern US turtle populations are reduced in distribution and population by habitat degradation or loss. Simultaneously, climate change is an exacerbating stressor and illegal collection of turtles in the eastern US is at crisis levels. Throughout the eastern US, turtle populations have declined dramatically; turtles (Reptilia: Testudines) are among the most threatened vertebrates. More than half of all species in the family Emydidae, which includes wood, spotted, and box turtles, are ranked as threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. We are working with partners in the National Park Service and National Park Foundation to understand the current status of multiple turtle species on federal lands and how populations are affected by threats. Our results will help inform management actions such as nest protection, reintroductions, and habitat restoration.	None
Bird population and species distribution modeling to understand causes of population declines	December 2025	We use large datasets (Breeding Bird Atlases, eBird, Breeding Bird Survey) to estimate bird species' status and drivers of population decline. A current focal species is the Cerulean Warbler, and we are gathering existing datasets to build an integrated population model to understand demographic drivers of decline.	We use large datasets (Breeding Bird Atlases, eBird, Breeding Bird Survey) to estimate bird species' status and drivers of population decline. A current focal species is the Cerulean Warbler, and we are gathering existing datasets to build an integrated population model to understand demographic drivers of decline.
Demonstrating technologies to monitor sublethal responses of eagles to military activities on Department of Defense Installations	December 2027	Eagles are exposed to multiple stressors on DOD installations from training activities, recreational hunting and legacy landuse. We seek to use examination of corticoid steroid levels matched with stressor to better understand stressors and potential mitigations thereof on DOD lands.	Our objective is to demonstrate and validate an approach to assess the role of lead and disturbance as stressors on bald (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) and golden eagles (<i>Aquila chrysaetos</i>) on military installations. Our approach uses feathers and blood collected at nests, assays to screen those tissues for lead, stress hormones, and enzymes related to lead contamination, all evaluated relative to military training and testing activities, recreational hunting, and landscape characteristics. This research will allow DoD managers to assess sublethal “take” of these protected species and to provide mitigative strategies to minimize impacts thereof. We will evaluate these factors singularly and in combination using informative models to show how they contribute to potential deleterious stress to raptors, thus allowing installations to assess risk and develop appropriate mitigation strategies. Our goals are to 1) demonstrate tools and approaches to evaluate toxicant exposure, stress levels, and stress response of raptors at and near military installations throughout the United States; 2) identify linkages among stressors (military activity, recreational hunting as a toxicant exposure source) and indicators of physiological stress hormones and enzymatic stress response; 3) provide guidance documents for DoD natural resources staff and environmental chemistry laboratories to collect and analyze data to evaluate indirect and sublethal effects of activities on military installations to wildlife; and 4) demonstrate the use of a predictive tool to identify installations with potential for raptors to be negatively impacted by sub-lethal stressors..
Using the Sentinel Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel to Guide Red Spruce Restoration for Climate Resiliency in the Central Appalachians	December 2026	Much reduced following turn of the 20th Century exploitative harvesting and wildfire, managers need data on both how and where to effectively restore red spruce forests in the central Appalachians. Red spruce in the central Appalachians are among the most endangered forest type in North America - one that supports numerous endangered and endemic species. Restoration will benefit carbon sequestration, provide clean water, enhance restoration economy job opportunities and will increase economic development from tourism. As a high-elevation keystone species, using the northern flying squirrel to guide red spruce restoration in the Central Appalachians will be an efficient and meaningful approach to promote forest recovery and climate-resistance in the region. The project partners are the U.S. Forest Service, the Nature Conservancy, West Virginia Division of Forestry and the Central Appalachian Spruce Restoration Initiative. This project will provide spatially explicit direction where red spruce restoration should occur to maximize effectiveness and benefit. It will also provide managers with data on suitable technical approach using silvicultural tools.	This study will examine high elevation (770-1450 m) forests that connect known or predicted Virginia northern flying squirrel habitat patches using 1) an expanded least-cost path analyses that incorporates numerous environmental and physical parameters that will then be used to: 2) assess forest composition, structure/age-class, understory dynamics, and site productivity using field survey approaches (inventory plots, dendrochronology and soil surveys) and remote sensing (high resolution imagery and LIDAR) to identify where red spruce enhancement or restoration could occur from derived least-cost path and distribution models for the flying squirrel; 3) match appropriate and viable commercial and non-commercial silvicultural management approaches for improving current stand conditions; 4) relate overstory/understory composition metrics to future desired conditions through dynamic vegetation modeling under a range of possible climate change scenarios; and finally 5) provide optimized decision-support framework to promote red spruce forest system resistance and long-term resiliency.
Assessing Population Viability and WNS-exposure of Northern Long-eared Bats along the I-95 Corridor	June 2026	The Virginia Unit is investigating the habitat associations and viability, post-WNS of northern long-eared bats in summer and winter in New Jersey.	Because of White-nose Syndrome, northern long-eared bat populations are largely extirpated in interior East (Reynolds et al. 2016). Some low-density northern long-eared bat populations persist along the Atlantic Coast in coastal Massachusetts, Long Island, southern New Jersey, the DC-metro area and southeastern Virginia into North Carolina. Working hypotheses for persistence suggest shorter hibernation periods relative to interior populations and less exposure to <i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans</i> (Pd) from using aberrant hibernacula such as anthropogenic structures and forested wetlands. That said, populations north of southeastern Virginia are exposed to Pd, and multi-year evidence from Long Island and the DC-metro area suggest maternity colony collapse with fewer returning adults and low rates of juvenile recruitment mirroring processes observed in the interior. Genetic analyses show a connected clade along the I-95 corridor from coastal North Carolina to southern New Jersey distinct from interior populations. It is plausible a source-sink dynamic occurs whereby bats in coastal Virginia and North Carolina or southern New Jersey where suitable summer maternity habitat and forested wetland overwinter habitat exists periodically “supply” bats to the DC-metro area that are reproductively successive in some years. Long-term acoustic research previously supported by this USGS program does show winter presence in the DC-area, but more of a strong pulse of southward activity suggestive of fall migration. Summer maternity habitat for northern long-eared bats from the stand to landscape level has been described for southern coastal areas and the DC-metro area but these data do not exist for southern New Jersey, nor does overwintering habitat anywhere from New Jersey to North Carolina other than anecdotal accounts. The data gaps relative to either summer day-roost use and overwintering hibernacula use mid-Atlantic wide are problematic for state and federal land managers tasked with conserving northern long-eared bats. Similarly, additional data are needed to more conclusively determine the location and spatial extent of viable populations versus those either in decline or that result from a temporally and latitudinally variable source-sink dynamic for which data from New Jersey is essential.
Multigenerational, Multi Species Test for Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects	January 2012	Determine precision and accuracy of US EPA proposed avian 2-generation test protocol for evaluating EDC adverse effects on wildlife populations. � Evaluate relevant endpoints and biomarkers that may increase the sensitivity of the risk analyses and increase the knowledge base of EDC effects on the JQ model. � Determine sensitivity of the response of the JQ model relative to that measured in alternative wildlife vertebrate species. Specific hypotheses to be tested for Objective 1 (present task) include: 1, Exposure to EDC after hatch and prior to sex maturation does not affect fertility and productivity. F0 treated = F0 control for growth measures and food consumption; onset of secondary sex characteristics; onset of mating behavior; # of eggs laid, % fertile eggs; eggshell quality; circulating hormones; gonadal development; hormonal profiles during sexual maturation; embryonic % female. 2. Continuous exposure of offspring to EDC from day 1 of development through pair formation does not affect fertilization; organizational and activational development. F1 treated = F1 control for: embryonic survival of males and females; embryonic development and hatchability; gonadal development; hormonal profiles in FI during critical development stages; onset of secondary sex characteristics; growth; onset of mating behavior; F1 fertility and productivity. 3. Exposure to EDC in ovo during embryonic development does not affect organizational and activational development. F2 treated = F2 control for: % female; embryonic survival of males and females; gonadal development; hormonal profiles in F2 during critical development stages; onset of secondary sex characteristics; growth; onset of mating behavior.	None
Subchronic effects of atrazine exposure on freshwater mussel (Unionidae) physiology and genetics	August 2011	Atrazine is a commonly used chemical on corn crops in the upper Tennessee River and Ohio River systems, where18 federally endangered mussel species reside. Because this corn crop is adjacent to riparian zones and can readily wash into rivers after a rain event, it is essential to assess the effect of this chemical on freshwater mussels. Therefore, the specific objectives of this project are as follows: 1. determine the effects of Atrazine exposure on respiration and clearance rates of mussels. 2. determine the effect of Atrazine exposure on the developmental stages of gametes. 3. determine the level of Atrazine-DNA adduct formation through liquid scintillation counting. 4. develop permanent images of the Atrazine-DNA adducts through thin-layer chromatography and autoradiography. 5. compare levels of Atrazine-DNA adduct formation in digestive gland tissue to that of mantle and gill tissue biopsies. This project will develop a tiered approach to biomarker use at the molecular, cellular and whole mussel level, as a means to assess the level of harmful effects from Atrazine.	None
Dissolved Oxygen Requirements for Freshwater Mussels Phase 1: Development of Test Systems and Experimental Protocols.	February 2010	The objectives of this pilot study (Phase I) are to: 1) Construct a gas-stripping system based on the Barnhart (1995) design to control DO levels. 2) Design a system to expose adult and juvenile mussels to DO treatments under semi-natural conditions. 3) Identify dependent variables (biomarkers) that are indicative of stress under low DO levels. 4) Determine the feasibility of maintaining low DO levels (1 - 3 mg/L) for extended exposures (weeks). 5) Develop a standard protocol to maintain and monitor DO treatments.	None
Development of methods for cryopreservation of gametes and glochidia of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionae)	August 2010	Cryopreservation of the gametes and larvae of critically endangered mussels has been identified as an important goal of the National Strategy for the Conservation of Freshwater Mussels. The ability to obtain genetic material for several of these species is waning, and cryopreservation of gametes and/or glochidia, to be available for future technological developments, poses the last hope for prevention of permanent extinction. This project will test previously developed techniques for oysters and other invertebrates, to determine applicability for freshwater mussels. The specific objectives of this project are as follows: 1. to determine the osmolality of the reproductive fluids in the gonad of Q. quadrula, and the effect of osmotic pressure on sperm motility. 2. to determine the effects of four cryopreservation variables on sperm post-thaw sperm motility and fertilization rate of Q quadrula. 3. to determine the effects of four cryopreservation variables on oocyte post-thaw fertilization rate of Q quadrula.	None
Development of methods for conditioning and culture of endangered short-term brooding freshwater mussels	July 2010	Population declines of short-term brooding (STB) mussels of the unionids subfamily Unioninae appear to be accelerating, especially in major tributaries in the upper Tennessee River basin. The most affected genera include Fusconaia, Lexingtonia, Pleurobema, and Quadrula, which include a total of 19 federally endangered species. Six of the listed species and a candidate occur in the upper Tennessee River basin. These species (Fursconaia cor, F. cuneolus, Pleurobema plenum, Quadrula cylindrica strigillata, Q. intermedia, Q. sparsa, and Lexingtonia dolabelloides) have displayed little recent recruitment and are becoming increasingly uncommon to extremely rare in the Holston, Powell, and Clinch watersheds of Virginia and Tennessee. The objectives of this research project are as follows: 1. To determine the effects of holding conditions and diets on levels of total carbohydrates and gametogenesis in two captive surrogate species (Q. quadrula and F. ebena). 2. To determine the effects of holding conditions and diets on growth and survival of juvenile F. cor, F. cuneolus, Q. c. strigillata, and/or L. dolabelloides.	None
Title: Spatial analysis of relations among conservation practices, aquatic biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being	September 2012	The conceptualizations and tactics needed to achieve our long-term objectives have yet to be worked out because the principal investigators are widely dispersed across the U.S. and Canada. Although we have reached consensus (via conference calls and email) regarding our collective interest in pursuing the objectives and the general direction we need to go, we have not met together in person and many details remain unresolved. In particular, much collaboration is required before we are ready to organize the expert workshop that is central to long-term objectives 1 and 2. Thus, the work proposed herein will focus on planning to make the workshop successful. This planning will relate to seven specific objectives: 1. select a pilot ecosystem; 2. select a suite of ecosystem services to analyze; 3. select a suite of human benefits associated with the selected services; 4. select a suite of indicators of human well-being; 5. develop preliminary conceptual models to link conservation actions, biodiversity, selected ecosystem services, human benefits, and human well-being; and 6. recruit and hire graduate students to assist with the proposed work at Virginia Tech and McGill University. 7. seek funding partners to share costs of research pursuant to long-term objectives.	None
Spatial Analysis of Relations among Conservation Practices, Aquatic Ecosystem Services, and Human Well-being in the Albemarle-Pamlico Basin.	September 2011	PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Recent work shows that conservation can affect the flow of ecosystem services, which suggests that conservation can be enhanced by protecting services that exhibit synergies with conservation. Effective management of biodiversity and ecosystem services requires some understanding of the spatio-temporal distribution of the services themselves, their benefit to humans, and the total value of landscapes under alternative management scenarios. We propose to begin to document, map, and quantify linkages among conservation practices, ecosystem services, and human well-being in the Albemarle-Pamlica basin of Virginia and North Carolina. Our goal is to develop a framework for conceptualizing, mapping, quantifying, and valuing services provided by aquatic ecosystems; communicate the framework to stakeholders; and apply the framework to a pilot ecosystem. We want the framework to highlight linkages among freshwater biodiversity, ecosystem services, human well-being, and common management scenarios. We will use 4 focal services (water supply, water purification, nitrogen regulation, and wildlife-based recreation to illustrate patterns. OBJECTIVES: The proposed work comprises four sequential but interactive objectives: 1) Develop tools and methods for analyzing spatial relations of conservation actions, selected ES, and HWB; 2) Conduct analyses of spatial relations for and among selected ES, disservices, and HWB; 3) Evaluate influences of conservation actions on ES capacity, ES flow, and HWB; and 4) Produce maps, tools, and findings useful to stakeholders and managers in achieving conservation goals. PROGRESS: We sought feedback from stakeholders to help refine our definitions of ES capacities and flows and choose mappable metrics of the capacity of ecosystems to produce our focal ES. Based on information from published literature and on publicly available data, we developed preliminary maps of water-supply capacity and flow, water purification capacity and flow, recreational fishing capacity and flow, bird watching capacity and flow, and human well-being. We also conducted a workshop for ~20 stakeholder groups to explain our approach to mapping ES and to draft future scenarios for the APB, which will be subjected to spatial analyses so they can be compared to maps of current ES capacity and flow. We are drafting 2 manuscripts from this work; they will be peer-reviewed and submitted to appropriate journals.	None
Habitat Suitability for Roanoke Logperch in Streams near Philpott Reservoir.	March 2012	PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The entire known range of the endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) comprises 4 disjunct areas in Virginia, including the upper Roanoke, Pigg, Smith, and Nottoway river drainages. Developing an effective conservation strategy, including implementation of the Endangered Species Act, requires accurate knowledge of the species’ distribution and abundance. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is responsible for protecting and recovering logperch associated with their water projects, including Philpott Reservoir on Smith River. In particular, the USACE must survey their waters for logperch and suitable habitat, and monitor and manage populations therein.An important conservation tactic is to ensure that survey information allows accurate descriptions of species distribution, abundance, and population trends. Roanoke logperch were recently discovered to be relatively common throughout Smith River upstream of Philpott Reservoir. Additional surveys are warranted to monitor logperch abundance and to assess habitat suitability. OBJECTIVES: Project objectives are as follows: 1) estimate population density and distribution of Age-1+ Roanoke logperch in the project area; 2) measure and map, by suitability class, the distribution of habitat suitable for Roanoke logperch in the project area; 3) assess water quality relative to Roanoke logperch habitat in the project area; 4) use the data on logperch abundance, habitat suitability, and water quality to test the general validity of correlates of logperch abundance from other locations; 5) identify opportunities and threats related to protecting and enhancing Roanoke logperch habitat; and, 6) provide recommendations on the necessity and scale of future studies and monitoring related to logperch in and near USACE waters. PROGRESS: We captured a total of five Roanoke logperch in fall 2010, of which three were Age-1+ and two were Age-0. Population density ranged from 0.0 to 83.3 total individuals ha-1 at individual sites and averaged 20.0 total individuals ha-1 over all sites. This was the lowest density recorded since the present monitoring protocol began in 2006. Population density of Roanoke logperch also was lower in 2010 than in 2006-2009 in the Roanoke River, though the overall density of logperch always was higher in the Roanoke than the Smith River during this time period. Spatial peaks and troughs of Age-1+ logperch density do not seem to coincide with peaks and troughs of Age-0 logperch density. Age-0 density tends to be high at Sites 1 and 5 and low at Sites 2, 3 and 4, whereas Age-1+ density tends to be high at Site 4 and low at Sites 1 and 5. This lack of correlation is not surprising, given that adult and juvenile logperch exhibit preferences for different habitat configurations. On average, 41.4% of the area of sites provided “high-quality” (i.e., good to excellent) habitat for Roanoke logperch in fall 2010, whereas only 18.2% of the area of sites provided “low-quality” (i.e., poor to unsuitable) habitat. High-quality habitat was less common in 2010 than in 2009, but within the range previously observed. Annual variation in habitat suitability may be related to annual variation in the streamflow of the Smith River, as estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey gauging station near Woolwine, VA. The estimated percentage of high quality habitat is strongly positively correlated with the mean streamflow during habitat sampling, as well as with the mean and variance of streamflow during the spring (1 April to 30 June) leading up to the sample. Elevated spring streamflows may scour away previously-deposited silt, thereby increasing habitat suitability, whereas elevated streamflows during sampling may increase habitat suitability by increasing the depth and velocity of microhabitat cells. Habitat conditions appear to exhibit greater fixed temporal than fixed spatial variability. The availability of high-quality Age-1+ habitat at sites varies consistently among years, whereas no sites seem to consistently maintain more high-quality habitat than others. However, Site 3 exhibits less annual variability than other sites, possibly because of its deep morphology and prevalent unsuitable bedrock substrate, which make habitat suitability calculations at the site less sensitive to hydrologic variation. Furthermore, spatial variation in habitat quality does not clearly relate to spatial variation in Age-1+ or Age-0 logperch density. This lack of spatial correlation between habitat and logperch density also has been observed in the upper Roanoke River and suggests that logperch migrate among sites over their lifetimes. Water quality exhibited only minor between-site variability. Based on published accounts and data from the Roanoke River, water quality in the Smith River during fall 2010 was well within ranges acceptable for use by Roanoke logperch. Based on bivariate correlations, logperch density does not appear to be strongly related to streamflow. Estimated Age-1+ logperch density is weakly negatively correlated, and Age-0 density weakly positively correlated, with the mean and variance of streamflow during spring (1 April through 30 June) and with the mean of streamflow during fish sampling. In contrast, Age-1+ density is strongly negatively correlated with the percentage of high quality habitat. Because habitat quality itself is collinear with streamflow, we regard the latter relationship as spurious. This same, presumably spurious, negative correlation between fish density and habitat quality has been observed in the Roanoke River. In the 2009 Smith River report, bivariate correlations suggested stronger relationships between hydrologic variability and logperch density. This change in results given a single additional observation indicates the danger of placing too much emphasis on such findings and underscores the need for additional annual samples.	None
Biological Monitoring and Geomorphological Characterization for the USGS Eastern Region Initiative on the Clinch (ERIC).	February 2012	PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This project is a piece of a larger USGS poject to provide a basic foundation of hydrologic, biological, and geographic data collection, summary, and evaluation on the Clinch River to support process-level studies of ecosystem response to stress in response to changes in land use, energy extraction practices and climate. The USGS water science centers in TN and VA are currently monitoring water quality and geomorphology within the basin, while the Missouri and Virginia Coop Units are doing toxicology studies and population studies respectively. OBJECTIVES: River discharge, water quality, sediment quality, and juvenile mussel survival will be evaluated over a period of three years at two primary monitoring sites and at ~8 other locations. PROGRESS: Over the first 2 years of this 3-year study, we have collected discharge, water quality, sediment quality, and habitat quality information. We have also documented mollusk assemblages and conducted in situ mussel juvenile growth and survival studies at sites upstream, within, and downstream of the impacted reach. We documented a gradient of increasing mollusk density and richness from upstream impacted reaches in Virginia to presumably healthy reaches downstream in Tennessee. Growth and survival of in situ juveniles have not reflected this gradient and may be influenced by local drivers. We have collected paired discrete water quality samples (nutrients, metals, major ions, suspended sediment) at one impaired site and one downstream healthy site during both base-flow and storm events. We have also sampled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during storm events. Differences in major ion chemistry at base-flow and metals concentrations during storm events might provide some insights that help explain the mollusk assemblage gradient. Additionally, continuous monitoring has detected higher specific conductance and turbidity in the impacted reach than in the healthy reach. Preliminary results of this study are being used to refine hypotheses and more effectively direct investigations in the Clinch River.	None
Assessing impacts of the Roanoke River Flood Reduction Project on the endangered Roanoke logperch	April 2011	The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has contracted with the City of Roanoke, VA to carry out the Roanoke River Flood Reduction Project (RRFRP), a suite of channel modifications. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFEW) has required the USACE to monitor populations of the federally endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) prior to and during construction to estimate the effects of incidental take during the course of the project. The USACE contracted with Virginia Tech and the Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit to conduct the pre-construction monitoring, which began in 1992 and continued intermittently through 2003 (see Ensign and Angermeier 1994, Ensign et al. 1999, Galbreath et al. 2001, Roberts and Angermeier 2004). The primary goal of the pre-construction monitoring was to obtain baseline data on population density of Roanoke logperch, habitat quality, and water quality at selected sites within the RRFRP reach prior to initiation of construction activities. The RRFRP is now in its construction phase, which is expected to take 4-5 years. This phase requires a revised monitoring protocol. In particular, based on analyses by Rosenberger and Angermeier (2003) and Roberts and Angermeier (2004), the USFWS recommended several changes in the previous monitoring protocol, including a) constraints on when electrofishing should be conducted, b) developing census methods for young-of-year (YOY) logperch, and c) collecting data to enhance understanding of logperch stock-recruitment relations. The goal of monitoring now is to assess the response of the logperch population and habitat quality to construction activities. PROJECT OBJECTIVES: Primary objectives are as follows: 1) estimate population density and distribution of Age-1+ Roanoke logperch in the RRFRP construction reach (CR) and in a reference reach (RR); 2) estimate population density and distribution of Age-0 logperch in CR and RR; 3) quantify and map the availability and distribution of habitat suitable for Age-1+ logperch in CR and RR; 4) quantify the availability and distribution of habitat suitable for Age-0 logperch in CR and RR; 5) describe the microhabitat use of logperch, 6) measure water quality in CR and RR; 7) explore logperch population dynamics; and, 8) describe detection-of-impact methods to be used in construction monitoring phases. PROGRESS: Impact calculations based on Age-1+ logperch population density indicated compliance of the RRFRP with its incidental take permit during 2010, the fifth year of construction-phase monitoring. Age-1+ logperch density in 2010 was similar to 2009 and lower than it had been in previous years, but was within previously-observed limits. Few Age-0 logperch were captured during electrofishing surveys, but visual surveyors recorded substantial numbers of Age-0 logperch. Differences between these two methods may be attributable to unmeasured environmental factors that reduced Age-0 fish abundance between the visual and electrofishing sampling periods. SuitableAge-1+ and Age-0 logperch habitats were present in amounts typical of other years. Underwater observations in fall provided new microhabitat-use data that could be used in the future to assess changes in habitat-use patterns as a result of the RRFRP, as well as to refine HSI models. Water quality was normal during the study period. Since the onset of construction in 2006, most measured variables have exhibited means and variances similar to those estimated during the pre-construction period, and few directional trendshave been observed. Age-1+ logperch density and habitat availability, water quality, Age-0 habitat availability, and patterns of microhabitat use have exhibited similar fluctuations in the construction and reference reaches, both before and after the onset of construction. Compliance with the RRFRP’s incidental take permit therefore has been maintained during the Phase-B period. The most concerning change between project phases, which coincides with the onset of construction, is the sustained trend of low estimated Age-0 logperch production over the Phase-B period. It is unknown whether this trough of recruitment is related to RRFRP activities, but the fact that low recruitment has been observed both in the construction and reference reaches suggests that it is not. Additional analyses were undertaken to explain interannual variation in logperch abundance using biotic and abiotic predictor variables. Length-frequency analysis of cohort production indicated that recruitment is cyclical, with strong cohorts occurring only infrequently. Regression tree models indicated that Age-0 abundance was negatively related to the magnitude of high streamflows during their first spring but positively related to the magnitude of low streamflows during the previous winter. Similarly, regression-tree models indicated that summer and fall Age-1+ logperch abundance was higher in years exhibiting lower, less variable spring streamflows but higher winter low flows. Spring flood patterns appear to be a key factor driving logperch population dynamics. However, flushing flows during winter may also be important for scouring sediment from feeding and spawning habitats.	None
Targeted surveys to prevent the extinction of Slender Chub Erimystax cahni	October 2023	Slender Chub (SC; <i>Erimystax cahni</i>), known only from a few sites in Clinch River and Powell River (TN and VA) has not been formally collected since the mid-1990s. The species’ biology and habitat make it difficult to capture SC without targeted efforts specific to SC. The purpose of this project is to identify the most likely remaining extant locations for the species and survey them with targeted methods to maximize the likelihood of its capture if still extant. If captured, SC specimens will be photographed, then transferred for captive propagation to Conservation Fisheries Inc. (CFI; Knoxville, TN), who have successfully spawned congeneric species in captivity. The primary goal is to survey suitable locations in the Clinch River and Powell River watersheds, and if found, transfer SC to CFI. Selected survey locations will include locations with previous collection records as well as locations with high probability of occurrence based on the species distribution models (SDMs) developed via the proposed work.<br><b> </b><br><b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1) Conduct targeted field surveys to find and collect Slender Chubs in stream reaches predicted to have high probability of presence;2)Develop multi-scale SDMs for slender chub based on historically (pre-1990) verified collection locations and observed species associations; and3) Use field observations to validate and refine the SDMs so they can inform future survey and/or translocation efforts.	Slender Chub (SC; <i>Erimystax cahni</i>), known only from a few sites in Clinch River and Powell River (TN and VA) has not been formally collected since the mid-1990s. The species’ biology and habitat make it difficult to capture SC without targeted efforts specific to SC. The purpose of this project is to identify the most likely remaining extant locations for the species and survey them with targeted methods to maximize the likelihood of its capture if still extant. If captured, SC specimens will be photographed, then transferred for captive propagation to Conservation Fisheries Inc. (CFI; Knoxville, TN), who have successfully spawned congeneric species in captivity. The primary goal is to survey suitable locations in the Clinch River and Powell River watersheds, and if found, transfer SC to CFI. Selected survey locations will include locations with previous collection records as well as locations with high probability of occurrence based on the species distribution models (SDMs) developed via the proposed work.<br><b> </b><br><b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1) Conduct targeted field surveys to find and collect Slender Chubs in stream reaches predicted to have high probability of presence;2)Develop multi-scale SDMs for slender chub based on historically (pre-1990) verified collection locations and observed species associations; and3) Use field observations to validate and refine the SDMs so they can inform future survey and/or translocation efforts.
Identification of larval darters collected near Niagara Dam on Roanoke River	December 2022	HDR Engineering, Inc. (HDR), on behalf of Appalachian Power Company, has requested laboratory services in support of their Larval Roanoke Logperch Study related to the relicensing of Appalachian’s Niagara Hydroelectric Project, located on the Roanoke River in Roanoke County, Virginia. Ours is the only lab that has developed methods to identify larval Roanoke Logperch. The contracted work encompasses laboratory processing, taxonomic identification, and DNA barcoding to identify larval darters of the genus <i>Percina</i> collected by HDR.<br><b> </b><br><b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1) Sort larval darters from drift-net samples;<br>2) preliminarily identify <i>Etheostoma</i> and <i>Percina</i> larvae via morphometric characteristics;<br>3) use DNA barcoding to ascertain species identities of all putative <i>Percina</i> larvae.	HDR Engineering, Inc. (HDR), on behalf of Appalachian Power Company, has requested laboratory services in support of their Larval Roanoke Logperch Study related to the relicensing of Appalachian’s Niagara Hydroelectric Project, located on the Roanoke River in Roanoke County, Virginia. Ours is the only lab that has developed methods to identify larval Roanoke Logperch. The contracted work encompasses laboratory processing, taxonomic identification, and DNA barcoding to identify larval darters of the genus <i>Percina</i> collected by HDR.<br><b> </b><br><b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1) Sort larval darters from drift-net samples;<br>2) preliminarily identify <i>Etheostoma</i> and <i>Percina</i> larvae via morphometric characteristics;<br>3) use DNA barcoding to ascertain species identities of all putative <i>Percina</i> larvae.
Gopher tortoise conservation through translocations	October 2026	Relocation is an important management technique that has the potential to save individuals from mortality and bolster populations that are below the carrying capacity of their habitats. Thousands of gopher tortoises (<i>Gopherus polyphemus</i>) have been translocated from development sites to permitted recipient sites throughout the state of Florida, and this process will be needed more frequently as development in the state continues. For relocation programs to be successful it is critical to understand whether recipient sites are adequately supporting translocated individuals through time. This project investigates demographic outcomes for gopher tortoise populations and also devises population monitoring techniques for translocated populations.	Relocation is an important management technique that has the potential to save individuals from mortality and bolster populations that are below the carrying capacity of their habitats. Thousands of gopher tortoises (<i>Gopherus polyphemus</i>) have been translocated from development sites to permitted recipient sites throughout the state of Florida, and this process will be needed more frequently as development in the state continues. For relocation programs to be successful it is critical to understand whether recipient sites are adequately supporting translocated individuals through time. This project investigates demographic outcomes for gopher tortoise populations and also devises population monitoring techniques for translocated populations.
Post delisting Surveys of Virginia northern flying squirrels and spruce restoration	December 2022	In the central Appalachians, population estimates of Virginia northern flying squirrels (VNFS) are extremely difficult to obtain due to extremely low trap success and even lower recapture rates . In 2014, 1308 trap nights in high quality habitat produced no captures of VNFS, although 674 nest box checks produced 12 adult individuals (56 box checks/squirrel). Since nest boxes are arranged in lines, population densities cannot be estimated. Additionally, nest box occupancy is generally low, although occupancy rates are steady. Therefore, the scale of the proposed red spruce restoration and low capture success of VNFS make it extremely difficult to determine how restoration may influence population sizes. However, the use of ultrasonic acoustic surveys may be used as a useful monitoring tool to determine the potential effects of treatments on VNFS occupancy of treated low quality habitats and adjacent high quality habitats. Acoustics has been used as a success monitoring tool on the Carolina northern flying squirrel in western North Carolina and to assess the effects of harvest on flying squirrel habitat occupancy. The ability to differentiate between VNFS and southern flying squirrels quantitatively and qualitatively make this survey method suitable in places where both species are sympatric. Pre-treatment acoustic surveys occurred prior to restoration treatments in the Upper Greenbrier on the Greenbrier Ranger District. More restoration treatments are proposed on the Monongahela. We propose the use of ultrasonic acoustics to monitor pre- and post-treatment VNFS occupancy in areas where restoration activities will occur in order to monitor the persistence of flying squirrel occupancy.	The recently de-listed Virginia northern flying squirrel is an at-risk species of high conservation concern in West Virginia and Virginia. Efforts to restore its red spruce habitat are complicated by potential short-term impacts to the squirrel from restoration silviculture. The Virginia Unit is using new acoustic approaches to monitor for the presence of squirrels before, during and after stand and landscape treatments to help managers assess risks and balance future habitat improvement with short-term impacts.
Development and application of a multiscale model of habitat suitability for Candy Darter	August 2023	<b>PROJECT DESCRIPTION: </b>This project will develop a range-wide quantitative model (ie, species distribution model) to estimate suitability of stream segments and watersheds (12-digit USGS hydrologic units) for the endangered Candy Darter (CD), which is a habitat specialist occurring in fast-flowing, cool-water streams with little siltation. CD’s range in Virginia is now limited to four widely separated streams. Comprehensive assessments of which landscape features (eg, watershed size, land use, channel gradient, network position, connectivity) predict CD occurrence have not been performed, thereby precluding development of range-wide maps of habitat suitability. The proposed species distribution model will assist managers (eg, VDWR, USFWS) in identifying streams and watersheds that are most likely to a) support undiscovered populations, b) be suitable reintroduction sites, and c) provide refugia from invasion by Variegate Darter.<br><b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1) Synthesize all existing geo-referenced presence/absence data on CD range-wide;<br>2) Use publicly available GIS data to relate CD occurrence (presence and absence) to a suite of instream, near-stream, and upland watershed features via statistical models;<br>3) Conduct field surveys to test model predictions and facilitate model refinement.	<b>PROJECT DESCRIPTION: </b>This project will develop a range-wide quantitative model (ie, species distribution model) to estimate suitability of stream segments and watersheds (12-digit USGS hydrologic units) for the endangered Candy Darter (CD), which is a habitat specialist occurring in fast-flowing, cool-water streams with little siltation. CD’s range in Virginia is now limited to four widely separated streams. Comprehensive assessments of which landscape features (eg, watershed size, land use, channel gradient, network position, connectivity) predict CD occurrence have not been performed, thereby precluding development of range-wide maps of habitat suitability. The proposed species distribution model will assist managers (eg, VDWR, USFWS) in identifying streams and watersheds that are most likely to a) support undiscovered populations, b) be suitable reintroduction sites, and c) provide refugia from invasion by Variegate Darter. <br><b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1) Synthesize all existing geo-referenced presence/absence data on CD range-wide;<br>2) Use publicly available GIS data to relate CD occurrence (presence and absence) to a suite of instream, near-stream, and upland watershed features via statistical models;<br>3) Conduct field surveys to test model predictions and facilitate model refinement.
Effects of BMPs and land use on stream macroinvertebrates and fishes in the Chesapeake basin	September 2025	<b>PROJECT DESCRIPTION: </b>A key scientific gap in stream restoration is understanding and predicting how effects of management efforts propagate through watersheds, then influence the in-stream habitat conditions that determine macroinvertebrate and fish responses. This mechanistic view is required to provide USGS partners with the information they need to revise management strategies. The goal of this project is to provide an integrated and detailed understanding of how stream ecosystems respond to management efforts. It is part of larger study funded by USGS’s Priority Ecosystems Science program to inform adaptive management of the Chesapeake Bay basin. The larger study is being conducted by a large multidisciplinary team (“Stream Team”) of USGS and academic scientists.<br>This project focuses on collecting and analyzing the biological data that feed into the larger synthesis by the Stream Team regarding BMP efficacy. The Stream Team will collect a standardized suite of stream ecosystem data to link BMPs and land-use change in small watersheds to responses of individual reaches and the biota living there. By sampling across broad gradients of BMP implementation and land use – and across distinct geographic settings – we will model effects of collective management actions on stream habitats, macroinvertebrates, and fishes in the Chesapeake basin. We will measure organismal responses at multiple organizational levels, including whole macroinvertebrate and fish communities, selected multi-species functional groups, selected fish populations, and individuals of selected fish species.<br><b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1. Quantify responses of macroinvertebrate and fish communities along gradients of land use and BMP implementation in selected geographic settings;<br>2. Identify biotic attributes at community and population levels of organization that seem especially useful in assessing BMP efficacy;<br>3. Disentangle effects of land use, BMPs, and selected physicochemical factors (e.g., physical habitat, water quality) on macroinvertebrate and fish communities; and<br>4. Compare the relative importance of these effects among selected geographic settings.<b>PROJECT DESCRIPTION: </b>A key scientific gap in stream restoration is understanding and predicting how effects of management efforts propagate through watersheds, then influence the in-stream habitat conditions that determine macroinvertebrate and fish responses. This mechanistic view is required to provide USGS partners with the information they need to revise management strategies. The goal of this project is to provide an integrated and detailed understanding of how stream ecosystems respond to management efforts. It is part of larger study funded by USGS’s Priority Ecosystems Science program to inform adaptive management of the Chesapeake Bay basin. The larger study is being conducted by a large multidisciplinary team (“Stream Team”) of USGS and academic scientists.<br>This project focuses on collecting and analyzing the biological data that feed into the larger synthesis by the Stream Team regarding BMP efficacy. The Stream Team will collect a standardized suite of stream ecosystem data to link BMPs and land-use change in small watersheds to responses of individual reaches and the biota living there. By sampling across broad gradients of BMP implementation and land use – and across distinct geographic settings – we will model effects of collective management actions on stream habitats, macroinvertebrates, and fishes in the Chesapeake basin. We will measure organismal responses at multiple organizational levels, including whole macroinvertebrate and fish communities, selected multi-species functional groups, selected fish populations, and individuals of selected fish species.<br><b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1. Quantify responses of macroinvertebrate and fish communities along gradients of land use and BMP implementation in selected geographic settings;<br>2. Identify biotic attributes at community and population levels of organization that seem especially useful in assessing BMP efficacy;<br>3. Disentangle effects of land use, BMPs, and selected physicochemical factors (e.g., physical habitat, water quality) on macroinvertebrate and fish communities; and<br>4. Compare the relative importance of these effects among selected geographic settings.	<b>PROJECT DESCRIPTION: </b>A key scientific gap in stream restoration is understanding and predicting how effects of management efforts propagate through watersheds, then influence the in-stream habitat conditions that determine macroinvertebrate and fish responses. This mechanistic view is required to provide USGS partners with the information they need to revise management strategies. The goal of this project is to provide an integrated and detailed understanding of how stream ecosystems respond to management efforts. It is part of larger study funded by USGS’s Priority Ecosystems Science program to inform adaptive management of the Chesapeake Bay basin. The larger study is being conducted by a large multidisciplinary team (“Stream Team”) of USGS and academic scientists.<br>This project focuses on collecting and analyzing the biological data that feed into the larger synthesis by the Stream Team regarding BMP efficacy. The Stream Team will collect a standardized suite of stream ecosystem data to link BMPs and land-use change in small watersheds to responses of individual reaches and the biota living there. By sampling across broad gradients of BMP implementation and land use – and across distinct geographic settings – we will model effects of collective management actions on stream habitats, macroinvertebrates, and fishes in the Chesapeake basin. We will measure organismal responses at multiple organizational levels, including whole macroinvertebrate and fish communities, selected multi-species functional groups, selected fish populations, and individuals of selected fish species.<br><b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1. Quantify responses of macroinvertebrate and fish communities along gradients of land use and BMP implementation in selected geographic settings;<br>2. Identify biotic attributes at community and population levels of organization that seem especially useful in assessing BMP efficacy;<br>3. Disentangle effects of land use, BMPs, and selected physicochemical factors (e.g., physical habitat, water quality) on macroinvertebrate and fish communities; and<br>4. Compare the relative importance of these effects among selected geographic settings.
Coupling social science and watershed modeling to improve ecological health of streams in agricultural landscapes	August 2022	interdisciplinary approach to assessing efficacy of agricultural BMPs	interdisciplinary approach to assessing efficacy of agricultural BMPs
Avian community response to grassland restoration at Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge	April 2023	Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge (RRVNWR) in the tidewater of Virginia is a network of both remnant and restored grasslands (with more restorations planned). Whether existing grasslands can serve as sources to restored grasslands will prove critical to the success of maintaining viable metapopulations. Within the RRVNWR complex, three units contain large, managed grasslands: Wilna, Hutchinson, and Tayloe Units. Over the past several years, surveys of grassland sites confirmed the presence of target grassland bird species, including obligate and facultative breeders such as Grasshopper Sparrows, Yellow-breasted Chats, Field Sparrows, Blue Grosbeaks, and Northern Bobwhite. This project aims to determine whether ARUs can be used to monitor avian metapopulation dynamics in grassland ecosystems at RRVNWR and collect baseline community and abundance data for long-term assessment of grassland restoration success.<br><br><b>Objectives:</b><br>Determine which species present in RRVNWR can be reliably surveyed by ARUs and detected by automated call identification software.Estimate species occupancy and indices of abundance (estimated by call frequency and duration) across grassland habitat patches that vary in terms of size, isolation, and habitat characteristics, and management.Evaluate community similarity among habitat patches as a function of area, distance metrics, and other habitat characteristics.	Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge (RRVNWR) in the tidewater of Virginia is a network of both remnant and restored grasslands (with more restorations planned). Whether existing grasslands can serve as sources to restored grasslands will prove critical to the success of maintaining viable metapopulations. Within the RRVNWR complex, three units contain large, managed grasslands: Wilna, Hutchinson, and Tayloe Units. Over the past several years, surveys of grassland sites confirmed the presence of target grassland bird species, including obligate and facultative breeders such as Grasshopper Sparrows, Yellow-breasted Chats, Field Sparrows, Blue Grosbeaks, and Northern Bobwhite. This project aims to determine whether ARUs can be used to monitor avian metapopulation dynamics in grassland ecosystems at RRVNWR and collect baseline community and abundance data for long-term assessment of grassland restoration success.<br> <br><b>Objectives:</b><br>Determine which species present in RRVNWR can be reliably surveyed by ARUs and detected by automated call identification software.Estimate species occupancy and indices of abundance (estimated by call frequency and duration) across grassland habitat patches that vary in terms of size, isolation, and habitat characteristics, and management.Evaluate community similarity among habitat patches as a function of area, distance metrics, and other habitat characteristics.
Marsh bird conservation on the Atlantic Shore in the face of sea level rise	June 2026	Sea level rise will impact marsh birds' habitats through loss and degradation, as well as having direct impacts on population dynamics through impacts to nesting. Conserving species in the face of these threats requires ecological understanding of the impacts as well as multi-disciplinary collaboration to come up with solutions. We are studying species such as Saltmarsh Sparrows, Seaside Sparrows, and Clapper Rails, as well as using remote sensing technology and social science to understand the threats to species' habitats and potential management actions.	Sea level rise will impact marsh birds' habitats through loss and degradation, as well as having direct impacts on population dynamics through impacts to nesting. Conserving species in the face of these threats requires ecological understanding of the impacts as well as multi-disciplinary collaboration to come up with solutions. We are studying species such as Saltmarsh Sparrows, Seaside Sparrows, and Clapper Rails, as well as using remote sensing technology and social science to understand the threats to species' habitats and potential management actions.
Remote sensing of habitat for at-risk early successional bird species	December 2023	Bird species that use early successional habitat (grasslands, shrublands, young forests) are declining. This project aims to determine whether the fine scale habitat features favored by early successional bird species in the southeastern coastal plain are detectable with remotely sensed data. In addition, monitoring with acoustic recording units can improve detection and population estimation. Outputs will include species distribution maps, monitoring recommendations, and multi-species management strategies.	Bird species that use early successional habitat (grasslands, shrublands, young forests) are declining. This project aims to determine whether the fine scale habitat features favored by early successional bird species in the southeastern coastal plain are detectable with remotely sensed data. In addition, monitoring with acoustic recording units can improve detection and population estimation. Outputs will include species distribution maps, monitoring recommendations, and multi-species management strategies.
Phenology and habitat use of larval Percina in the upper Roanoke River basin – Phase 2	May 2020	North American darters are a widely threatened subfamily of freshwater fishes, with little known about their larval ecology. A key hurdle to better understanding the population ecology and early-life history of imperiled darters is the lack of standard methods for identifying darter larvae to species.<br>Research documenting when and where larval darters occur, especially for imperiled species, can provide new insights into when and where to apply management actions to ensure those actions are cost-effective.<br>The project is a collaboration between university scientists (geneticists and ecologists) and a state conservation agency.<br>The project will provide new information on how to distinguish co-occurring larval darter species and on how their abundances vary across time and space. Project results will provide methods useful to other researchers and inform managers about when and where actions to conserve darters would be most effective.	North American darters are a widely threatened subfamily of freshwater fishes, with little known about their larval ecology. A key hurdle to better understanding the population ecology and early-life history of imperiled darters is the lack of standard methods for identifying darter larvae to species.<br> Research documenting when and where larval darters occur, especially for imperiled species, can provide new insights into when and where to apply management actions to ensure those actions are cost-effective. <br> The project is a collaboration between university scientists (geneticists and ecologists) and a state conservation agency.<br>The project will provide new information on how to distinguish co-occurring larval darter species and on how their abundances vary across time and space. Project results will provide methods useful to other researchers and inform managers about when and where actions to conserve darters would be most effective.
Evaluating efficacy of agricultural BMPs in the upper Clinch, Powell, and Holston river drainages	December 2022	Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) are implemented widely. and at great taxpayer expense, to mitigate adverse effects of nutrient and sediment pollution in streams. However, the efficacy of most BMPs for reducing biophysical impacts of pollution is scarcely documented.<br>Rigorous assessments of which BMPs, how many BMPs, and in what spatial arrangements are needed to inform land-management choices by agencies and landowners. Such choices are especially important in watersheds supporting many imperiled species, such as the upper Tennessee River basin.<br>The project is a collaboration among Natural Resources Conservation Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and state agencies in Virginia and Tennessee.<br>Results from field-based data analysis and computer models will be synthesized to provide guidelines to farmland managers regarding how to implement BMPS cost-effectively.<br><b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1. Characterize spatial patterns (at HUC12 resolution) of BMP implementation and predicted sediment and nutrient loading in the Clinch-Powell river drainage upstream of Norris Reservoir and in the Holston River drainage upstream of the Virginia-Tennessee line (collectively, the upper CPH);<br>2. Analyze the influences of BMPs, relative to other watershed features, on predicted sediment and nutrient loads in HUC12s across the upper CPH;<br>3. Quantify relations among BMP implementation, observed instream water quality and habitat quality, and observed biotic assemblages; <br>4. Quantify cost-effectiveness of BMP implementation in HUC12s across the upper CPH.	Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) are implemented widely. and at great taxpayer expense, to mitigate adverse effects of nutrient and sediment pollution in streams. However, the efficacy of most BMPs for reducing biophysical impacts of pollution is scarcely documented.<br>Rigorous assessments of which BMPs, how many BMPs, and in what spatial arrangements are needed to inform land-management choices by agencies and landowners. Such choices are especially important in watersheds supporting many imperiled species, such as the upper Tennessee River basin.<br>The project is a collaboration among Natural Resources Conservation Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and state agencies in Virginia and Tennessee.<br>Results from field-based data analysis and computer models will be synthesized to provide guidelines to farmland managers regarding how to implement BMPS cost-effectively.<br><b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1. Characterize spatial patterns (at HUC12 resolution) of BMP implementation and predicted sediment and nutrient loading in the Clinch-Powell river drainage upstream of Norris Reservoir and in the Holston River drainage upstream of the Virginia-Tennessee line (collectively, the upper CPH);<br>2. Analyze the influences of BMPs, relative to other watershed features, on predicted sediment and nutrient loads in HUC12s across the upper CPH;<br>3. Quantify relations among BMP implementation, observed instream water quality and habitat quality, and observed biotic assemblages; <br>4. Quantify cost-effectiveness of BMP implementation in HUC12s across the upper CPH.
Estimating Elk Abundance and Herd Demographics	June 2025	After being extirpated in Virginia since the late 1960s, elk have been reintroduced to the southwest Coalfields. Managers need information on movements and habitat use of reintroduced elk in the Coalfields to increase the herd to understand program success and minimize human-conflict. Response of reintroduced elk in southwest Virginia relative to movement, home range establishment and habitat use is unknown and required by state managers and other stakeholders to ensure long-term success and viability. Efforts are underway to understand movements and habitat use, develop monitoring techniques and assess areas for herd expansion. The project partners are the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, Coal Industry, Conservation NGOs and state sportsman groups. These data, particularly, censusing will inform how, when and where of elk management with particular emphasis on setting harvest regulations. Managers need to know where elk occur, how they are expanding and what recruitment, survival and population growth is.	After being extirpated in Virginia since the late 1960s, elk have been reintroduced to the southwest Coalfields. Efforts are underway to understand movements and habitat use, develop monitoring techniques and assess areas for herd expansion. Using GPS-collared animals, the Virginia Unit is showing the reliance of elk on reclaimed surface mines as the primary habitat, though forest cover that provides thermal protection in the summer and as escape cover in the fall also are important. Annual recruitment has occurred and between that and migration from surrounding states, the herd is slowly growing and expanding in distribution. Efforts to develop Virginia-specific censusing techniques are underway.
Refining Survey Efforts and Distributional Modeling for the Endangered Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel	December 2022	Data from radio-telemetry, camera-surveys, acoustic surveys and nest-box surveys are being used to refine predictive habitat and occupancy models for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel which occurs in the highly imperiled spruce-fir ecosystems of the Southern Appalachians.	Data from radio-telemetry, camera-surveys, acoustic surveys and nest-box surveys are being used to refine predictive habitat and occupancy models for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel which occurs in the highly imperiled spruce-fir ecosystems of the Southern Appalachians. Efforts to remap potential habitat using remotely-sensed imagery in conjunction with understanding necessary level of survey effort from a variety of techniques are being used to inform management efforts for state and federal partners. Data are being used to update species assessment plans and continuation of listing status. Moreover, because the squirrel is a sentinel species in this ecosystem, ability to track its status improves our ability to assess spruce-fir ecosystem integrity.
Coastal Bat Migration	June 2021	Tree bats such as the eastern red bat, hoary bat and silver-haired bat exhibit south to north spring and north to south autumn migrations rather than engage in hibernation during the dormant season. Use of the Appalachian Mountains and Atlantic Coast have meant that wind-energy related mortality for the species is high. Efforts are underway to examine environmental and climate relationships to tree bat presence and movements to inform development of wind-energy best management practices and to better understand migration ecology.	Tree bats such as the eastern red bat, hoary bat and silver-haired bat exhibit south to north spring and north to south autumn migrations rather than engage in hibernation during the dormant season. Use of the Appalachian Mountains and Atlantic Coast have meant that wind-energy related mortality for the species is high. Efforts are underway to examine environmental and climate relationships to tree bat presence and movements to inform development of wind-energy best management practices and to better understand migration ecology. Using RIF-nanotags, bats have been tagged in coastal Virginia, Delaware and New Jersey and tracked using the stationary MOTUS tower network. Red bats have shown surprising cross-water movements in the Delaware and Chesapeake bays indicating a higher use of open water flight that previously thought in the mid-Atlantic.
Wood Turtle Ecology on Army Installations	December 2020	Wood turtles are of high conservation concern. With both riparian and terrestrial habitat use, their presence possibly can conflict with military training. Efforts to delineate current distributions are needed for effective BMP creation to conserve this species.	Wood turtles are of high conservation concern. With both riparian and terrestrial habitat use, their presence possibly can conflict with military training. Efforts to delineate current distributions are needed for effective BMP creation to conserve this species. Preliminary results on both Fort Drum, New York and Fort George Meade, Maryland suggest a high level of use of shrub-scrub riparian habitats.
Fox Squirrel Presence and Distribution in Eastern Virginia	December 2022	This is an effort to determine the residual presence of Scirurus niger niger in the Coastal Plain and the recolonization of the Piedmont by S. n. vulpines in order to help Virginia Army National Guard and Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries to better manage this wildlife resource.	This is an effort to determine the residual presence of Scirurus niger niger in the Coastal Plain and the recolonization of the Piedmont by S. n. vulpines. Preliminary data suggest the squirrel is largely absent on the Piedmont and very rare and localized on the Coastal Plain.
Development of a structured decision-making framework to guide translocation of imperiled aquatic species in the Roanoke and Dan river basins	October 2020	Translocation of wild or propagated animals is a potential tactic for mitigating extinction risks for several imperiled species in the Roanoke and Dan river basins (RDRB). Biologists must weigh the risks associated with a suite of linked decisions when considering translocation as a recovery tool. These decisions could be made more quickly, objectively, and transparently if based on criteria that were previously agreed-upon by species experts and pre-approved by management agencies. Project outcomes will include optimized translocation strategies for four focal species, as well as an interactive decision-support tool that can be used to weigh risks and predict likely outcomes of selected translocation scenarios for many other aquatic species. The project is a collaboration among USGS, Georgia Southern University, and Virginia Tech.<br>OBJECTIVES:<br>(1) convene stakeholders to identify conservation goals, objectives, actions, and performance measures,<br>so success can be measured under alternative actions;<br>(2) synthesize stakeholder input and best available data regarding relationships between potential actions<br>and performance measures;<br>(3) develop demographic models to forecast conservation outcomes under alternative actions;<br>(4) use the models to recommend optimal strategies for meeting species-specific conservation objectives.	Translocation of wild or propagated animals is a potential tactic for mitigating extinction risks for several imperiled species in the Roanoke and Dan river basins (RDRB). Biologists must weigh the risks associated with a suite of linked decisions when considering translocation as a recovery tool. These decisions could be made more quickly, objectively, and transparently if based on criteria that were previously agreed-upon by species experts and pre-approved by management agencies. Project outcomes will include optimized translocation strategies for four focal species, as well as an interactive decision-support tool that can be used to weigh risks and predict likely outcomes of selected translocation scenarios for many other aquatic species. The project is a collaboration among USGS, Georgia Southern University, and Virginia Tech.<br>OBJECTIVES:<br>(1) convene stakeholders to identify conservation goals, objectives, actions, and performance measures,<br>so success can be measured under alternative actions;<br>(2) synthesize stakeholder input and best available data regarding relationships between potential actions<br>and performance measures;<br>(3) develop demographic models to forecast conservation outcomes under alternative actions;<br>(4) use the models to recommend optimal strategies for meeting species-specific conservation objectives.
Ecosystem services in the Roanoke River basin	November 2019	<b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1) Advance understanding of the relationships among human and natural systems in the RRB;<br>2) Equip stakeholders with information to support land conservation, river restoration, and sustainable<br>economic development actions;<br>3) Apply and test selected tools and techniques designed to assess ecosystem services.<br><b> </b><br>We explored economic outcomes from potential resource management actions that can affect the value of key ecosystem services in the region, focusing on recreation, urban and agricultural runoff, coal ash, and uranium mining. Initial ecosystem service assessments provide baseline values of ecosystem services such as air quality, water supply, protection from extreme events, and soil formation based on the land cover distribution in the region. Annual ecosystem service value in the Roanoke River Basin is estimated to total $14.7 billion, including over $6.6 billion in recreational value, $2.3 billion in food/nutritional value, and $1.4 billion in water flows. After performing a baseline ecosystem service assessment, we sought input from stakeholders, including watershed organizations, landowners, town planners, and state officials. We held community workshops to gauge regional perspective on ecosystem services and the environmental issues potentially affecting their value. The key ecosystem services cited most frequently by stakeholders included fishing and other water-based recreational activities, access to high quality drinking water, habitat for species, aesthetic values, and erosion control. Improvements in water quality can result from management actions such as creating or increasing riparian buffers, implementing urban and agricultural Best Management Practices, and municipal stormwater management upgrades. In turn, these can result in greater spending on trip-related purchases such as food, travel, kayak rentals, etc., which benefits local communities. Forested riparian buffers are one of the most cost-effective management tools for maintaining and improving water quality while providing recreational opportunities, erosion control, and other ecosystem services to nearby and downstream communities. Ecosystem services at risk from uranium extraction and disposal include groundwater and surface water quality, aesthetic value, air quality, and recreation. The key ecosystem services currently inhibited or damaged by coal ash include drinking water quality, recreation, habitat for species, and aesthetic value.	<b>OBJECTIVES: </b><br>1) Advance understanding of the relationships among human and natural systems in the RRB;<br>2) Equip stakeholders with information to support land conservation, river restoration, and sustainable<br> economic development actions;<br>3) Apply and test selected tools and techniques designed to assess ecosystem services.<br><b> </b><br>We explored economic outcomes from potential resource management actions that can affect the value of key ecosystem services in the region, focusing on recreation, urban and agricultural runoff, coal ash, and uranium mining. Initial ecosystem service assessments provide baseline values of ecosystem services such as air quality, water supply, protection from extreme events, and soil formation based on the land cover distribution in the region. Annual ecosystem service value in the Roanoke River Basin is estimated to total $14.7 billion, including over $6.6 billion in recreational value, $2.3 billion in food/nutritional value, and $1.4 billion in water flows. After performing a baseline ecosystem service assessment, we sought input from stakeholders, including watershed organizations, landowners, town planners, and state officials. We held community workshops to gauge regional perspective on ecosystem services and the environmental issues potentially affecting their value. The key ecosystem services cited most frequently by stakeholders included fishing and other water-based recreational activities, access to high quality drinking water, habitat for species, aesthetic values, and erosion control. Improvements in water quality can result from management actions such as creating or increasing riparian buffers, implementing urban and agricultural Best Management Practices, and municipal stormwater management upgrades. In turn, these can result in greater spending on trip-related purchases such as food, travel, kayak rentals, etc., which benefits local communities. Forested riparian buffers are one of the most cost-effective management tools for maintaining and improving water quality while providing recreational opportunities, erosion control, and other ecosystem services to nearby and downstream communities. Ecosystem services at risk from uranium extraction and disposal include groundwater and surface water quality, aesthetic value, air quality, and recreation. The key ecosystem services currently inhibited or damaged by coal ash include drinking water quality, recreation, habitat for species, and aesthetic value.
Assessment of the dynamics and biotic impacts of fine sediment to assist conservation of stream fishes in the Dan and Roanoke river basins	November 2020	Adverse effects of excess fine sediment on the water quality and ecosystem services provided by streams are pervasive. Analytical methods to identify a) which species are sensitive to silt, b) key sources and fates of silt, c) effects of silt-loading on benthic habitat condition (BHC), and d) effects of BHC on distribution and abundance of silt-sensitive fishes would help managers prioritize actions to best enhance recovery of silt-sensitive fishes. This project integrates spatially explicit analyses of relations among a) sediment sources and fates across upland, riparian, and instream components of watersheds, b) BHC, and c) the distribution/abundance of benthic stream fishes. This project will help managers decide where, how much, and what kinds of riparian and floodplain management are most likely to protect and enhance recovery of silt-sensitive fishes. The project is a collaboration among USGS, Plymouth State University, and Virginia Tech, including scientists with expertise in spatial analysis, fish ecology, and sediment dynamics.<br>OBJECTIVES:<br>1) quantify sediment erosion, transport, and deposition potential,<br>2) evaluate the ability of analytical alternatives to predict benthic habitat condition (BHC),<br>3) test a traits-based model for predicting species’ silt sensitivity,<br>4) quantify species occupancy/density and BHC,<br>5) test relationships among species occupancy/density, BHC, and a suite of sediment metrics.	Adverse effects of excess fine sediment on the water quality and ecosystem services provided by streams are pervasive. Analytical methods to identify a) which species are sensitive to silt, b) key sources and fates of silt, c) effects of silt-loading on benthic habitat condition (BHC), and d) effects of BHC on distribution and abundance of silt-sensitive fishes would help managers prioritize actions to best enhance recovery of silt-sensitive fishes. This project integrates spatially explicit analyses of relations among a) sediment sources and fates across upland, riparian, and instream components of watersheds, b) BHC, and c) the distribution/abundance of benthic stream fishes. This project will help managers decide where, how much, and what kinds of riparian and floodplain management are most likely to protect and enhance recovery of silt-sensitive fishes. The project is a collaboration among USGS, Plymouth State University, and Virginia Tech, including scientists with expertise in spatial analysis, fish ecology, and sediment dynamics.<br>OBJECTIVES:<br>1) quantify sediment erosion, transport, and deposition potential,<br>2) evaluate the ability of analytical alternatives to predict benthic habitat condition (BHC),<br>3) test a traits-based model for predicting species’ silt sensitivity,<br>4) quantify species occupancy/density and BHC,<br>5) test relationships among species occupancy/density, BHC, and a suite of sediment metrics.
Farm Bill conservation practice (BMP) efficacy in mitigating livestock impacts in the Copper Creek watershed	February 2020	This project complements ongoing BMP analysis in the Copper Creek drainage (CCD) to assess the collective outcomes of conservation work by several agencies. The project focuses on developing spatially explicit models to explain and predict how watershed features, including BMPs, interact to influence upland sediment dynamics and instream benthic habitat conditions. This work will inform conservation planning for hellbender, fishes, and mussels by providing baseline data, validating protocols for water quality monitoring, and helping to prioritize implementation of future BMPs to benefit imperiled aquatic species. The project is a collaboration among USGS, USFWS, NRCS, and Virginia Tech.<br>OBJECTIVES:<br>1) Summarize available water quality data;<br>2) Complete our geomorphology dataset on channel topography;<br>3) Identify optimal locations for BMP implementation;<br>4) Test scenarios of BMP investment.<br><br>Our research focused on developing spatially explicit models to explain and predict how watershed processes and features, including agricultural BMPs, interact to determine instream benthic habitats that support at-risk aquatic biota in CCW. This required compiling baseline data on watershed processes and habitat conditions in the CCW, and developing BMP scenario analyses that linked upland management action to instream habitat outcomes. Results from this research can inform protocols for water quality monitoring planned to begin in 2021, can inform NRCS-WLFW on strategic planning and outcome assessment needs for aquatic partnerships, and have identified implementation approaches and metrics to use in CCW and other aquatic conservation partnership efforts across the region and country. We highlight four primary findings from our research:<br>The most cost-effective BMP scenario varied between the two target habitat metrics (relative bed stability and % embeddedness).<br>Benefits to benthic habitats could occur even at low adoption rates (i.e., ‘high’ adoption not required).<br>Scenarios focused only on cattle exclusion fences provided little to no benefit to stream habitats.<br>This investigation started to establish Copper Creek baselines for metrics to be used to set targets/goals for instream habitat improvement.	The aquatic habitats in the Copper Creek drainage (CCD) host 11 federally protected fishes and mussels but are severely impacted by fine sediments, likely resulting from intensive cattle-pasturing in riparian zones. State and federal agencies commonly promote and implement BMPs (e.g., afforestation and cattle-exclusion fences) to protect and restore riparian zones to aid recovery of imperiled aquatic species, but the efficacy of such BMPs is largely undocumented in the region. To aid in filling this knowledge gap, we used model- and field-based studies to establish links between watershed-scale sediment dynamics and instream habitat conditions relevant to priority aquatic species. We then assessed efficacy of selected BMP implementation scenarios with respect to outcomes for benthic habitat quality. Our partners included Natural Resources Conservation Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Virginia Tech, and local Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Our findings suggest benefits to benthic habitats can occur even at low adoption rates of BMPs such as afforestation and cattle-exclusion fences. This work will inform conservation planning for at-risk aquatic species by providing baseline data, validating protocols for water quality monitoring, helping to prioritize implementation of future BMPs, and helping to set targets for instream habitat improvement.<br>
Development of a landscape model to predict reach-level sources of Roanoke logperch larvae in the upper Roanoke River system	January 2020	More complete knowledge of larval habitat associations and spatiotemporal patterns of emergence and dispersal regarding Roanoke Logperch (RLP) would help managers identify areas and periods crucial to recruitment, potentially making recovery actions more effective. The proposed work builds on a) previous work in the upper Roanoke River system (URR) showing that RLP larvae can be effectively sampled, then accurately identified; and b) a multi-scale model of habitat suitability based on occurrences of adult RLP. This project will provide new knowledge about early life-history of RLP and which habitats and periods are crucial for the species’ recruitment. The project is a collaboration among USGS, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and Virginia Tech.<br>OBJECTIVES: <br>1) Quantify reach-specific physical features correlated with production of RLP larvae; <br>2) Develop a spatially explicit model to predict which URR reaches are likely larval sources for RLP; <br>3) Characterize spatiotemporal patterns of emergence and development for RLP larvae; <br>4) Summarize linkages among water temperature, river discharge, day length, and emergence of RLP larvae.	More complete knowledge of larval habitat associations and spatiotemporal patterns of emergence and dispersal regarding Roanoke Logperch (RLP) would help managers identify areas and periods crucial to recruitment, potentially making recovery actions more effective. The proposed work builds on a) previous work in the upper Roanoke River system (URR) showing that RLP larvae can be effectively sampled, then accurately identified; and b) a multi-scale model of habitat suitability based on occurrences of adult RLP. This project will provide new knowledge about early life-history of RLP and which habitats and periods are crucial for the species’ recruitment. The project is a collaboration among USGS, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and Virginia Tech.<br>OBJECTIVES: <br>1) Quantify reach-specific physical features correlated with production of RLP larvae; <br>2) Develop a spatially explicit model to predict which URR reaches are likely larval sources for RLP; <br>3) Characterize spatiotemporal patterns of emergence and development for RLP larvae; <br>4) Summarize linkages among water temperature, river discharge, day length, and emergence of RLP larvae.
Development of an eDNA protocol for detecting candy, variegate, and Kanawha darters	December 2019	Three species of saddle darters (Etheostoma variatum group) occur in Virginia. All are rare and difficult to sample because of their preference for fast riffle habitat. Better understanding of the distribution of saddle darter populations would inform management planning and enhance cost-effectiveness of management actions. Future surveying efforts for saddle darters would benefit from tools that help identify streams with high probabilities of occupancy, as well as from sampling methodologies that are rapid, non-invasive, cost-effective, and exhibit high detection probability. The project is a collaboration among USGS, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Virginia Tech.<br>OBJECTIVES: <br>1. Develop a set of eDNA markers and protocols that selectively amplify DNA of the Etheostoma variatum group within ambient water samples,<br>2. Use field studies to develop a preliminary estimate of the detectability of Etheostoma eDNA in streams where they occur, and<br>3. Make recommendations on the use of eDNA techniques in subsequent studies of Etheostoma species in Virginia.	Three species of saddle darters (Etheostoma variatum group) occur in Virginia. All are rare and difficult to sample because of their preference for fast riffle habitat. Better understanding of the distribution of saddle darter populations would inform management planning and enhance cost-effectiveness of management actions. Future surveying efforts for saddle darters would benefit from tools that help identify streams with high probabilities of occupancy, as well as from sampling methodologies that are rapid, non-invasive, cost-effective, and exhibit high detection probability. The project is a collaboration among USGS, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, and Virginia Tech.<br>OBJECTIVES: <br>1. Develop a set of eDNA markers and protocols that selectively amplify DNA of the Etheostoma variatum group within ambient water samples,<br>2. Use field studies to develop a preliminary estimate of the detectability of Etheostoma eDNA in streams where they occur, and<br>3. Make recommendations on the use of eDNA techniques in subsequent studies of Etheostoma species in Virginia.
How does current management of water quality align with ecological health and human well-being? A preliminary study of Virginia	June 2017	OBJECTIVES: Our overall aim was to integrate available geo-referenced socioeconomic, human health, and biophysical water (WQ) data to answer the following questions: 1. To what extent is human well-being (HWB) spatially correlated with healthy waterbodies and how do such relations vary across regions and socio-cultural groups? 2. What are local WQ managers’ perceptions of the greatest threats to waterbodies and to what extent are these perceptions supported by available data? 3. What are local WQ managers’ beliefs about a) how to achieve WQ goals and b) common knowledge and desires of local publics relative to WQ?	Water quality (WQ) management directly affects ecosystem health and services, economic growth, and human wellbeing (HWB). However, linkages and conflicts among these concurrent goals are poorly understood, typically not quantified, and not necessarily explicit in discussions of WQ policy. Because WQ management is an integrative, socially negotiated process, the knowledge needed to guide it must be developed through social and ecological lenses. The overall aim of the proposed effort is to explicitly identify potential sources of discord and synergistic opportunities for cooperation in order to develop strategies to better re-align WQ values of local communities with formal management by public agencies.
Relating fine sediment dynamics and best management practices (BMPs) to instream habitat conditions for priority fishes and mussels in the Copper Creek drainage	December 2018	The aquatic habitats in the Copper Creek drainage (CCD) are severely impacted by fine sediments, likely resulting from cattle access to streams and the reduction in riparian buffers. The CCD hosts 11 federally protected fishes and mussels. Silt loads and siltation from agriculture are the most significant threat to their persistence. Relating sediment dynamics to instream habitat conditions in the CCD is critical to identifying the habitat available for priority species and to prioritizing restoration actions. VDGIF has identified several BMPs, such as creating vegetated riparian buffers and excluding livestock from streams, as potentially contributing to recovery of imperiled species.<br>A spatially-explicit, calibrated watershed model of the CCD is needed to explain the effects that silt load, substrate embeddedness, and bank instability have on the distribution and abundance of priority fishes and mussels. In addition, measures of the effectiveness of BMPs in improving instream habitat conditions are needed to inform conservation actions.<br>OBJECTIVES:<br>1. Quantify expected magnitude of sediment load across the CCD using the SWAT watershed model.<br>2. Survey sediment dynamics and instream habitat conditions relevant to recovery of priority fishes and mussels in CCD subwatersheds.<br>3. Analyze relationships among watershed, reach, and instream habitat characteristics to map habitat quality in the CCD.<br><br>We conducted stratified-random field surveys of selected experimental units (e.g., subwatersheds, stream segments) to assess benthic habitat quality, focusing on measures that reflect effects of fine sediment on substrate composition, embeddedness, and streambed stability. Products developed per our objectives included:<br>1) a calibrated SWAT model of the CCD to be used in future conservation planning;<br>2) maps of sediment load threat and benthic habitat quality metrics critical to the recovery of priority fishes and mussels;<br>3) an investigation of the relationships between two BMP types and benthic habitat quality, and whether BMPs are associated with improvements in habitat quality (e.g., reducing sedimentation).<br><br>Our findings included four main takeaways:<br>1) Benthic habitat quality is low in numerous stream segments in CCD. Mainstem reaches suffer from excess fine sedimentation and streambed instability. Tributary reaches suffer most from excess fine sedimentation.<br>2) Sediment yield estimates suggest upland sediment supplies to stream channels in CCD are comparable to regional means.<br>3) Riparian zones were generally the most influential watershed component with respect to benthic habitat quality. The extent of riparian pasture was inversely related to benthic habitat quality.<br>4) Afforestation and cattle-exclusion BMPs were not positively related to benthic habitat quality. In the cases where BMP implementation was related most strongly to benthic habitat quality, the relations were negative (e.g. BMP deployment associated with more fine sediment).<br><br>Our findings suggest several tactics for improving benthic habitat to recover imperiled aquatic species in CCD:<br>(1) plan for and promote BMP investments that restore a more natural hydrologic regime and reduce sediment delivery to streams;<br>2) promote additional BMPs in conjunction with the widely applied fencing BMPs, so they collectively rectify agricultural impacts on benthic habitat quality;<br>3) target specific areas for conservation action based on the best available knowledge of instream and watershed conditions and BMP efficacy.	The aquatic habitats in the Copper Creek drainage (CCD) host 11 federally protected fishes and mussels but are severely impacted by fine sediments, likely resulting from cattle access to streams and scarce woody vegetation in riparian zones. Relating sediment dynamics to instream habitat conditions in the CCD is critical to identifying the habitat available for priority species and to prioritizing restoration actions. State and federal agencies commonly promote and implement BMPs to protect and restore riparian zones to aid recovery of imperiled aquatic species, but the efficacy of such BMPs is largely undocumented in the region. We used a combination of model- and field-based studies to map and establish links between watershed-scale sediment dynamics and instream habitat conditions relevant to recovery of priority fishes and mussels. Our partners included Natural Resources Conservation Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Virginia Tech, and local Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Our findings suggest benthic habitat quality is low in numerous stream segments across the CCD due to excess fine sedimentation and streambed instability, and that riparian zones strongly influence benthic habitat quality. This research will inform conservation planning and implementation of future BMPs (e.g., fencing to exclude cattle from streams) in the CCD and other watersheds in the region.
Demographic status and population genetic differentiation of Candy Darter populations in Virginia	April 2020	Candy Darter are narrowly restricted to medium-size streams with cold-cool temperatures, high-velocity riffles, and silt-free substrates. Absences in fish surveys over the last half-century indicate that the species has declined or is extirpated from many former localities, probably due to warming water temperatures or excessive siltation.<br>Enhanced understanding of the viability and dynamics of extant populations and evaluation of biologically defensible options for translocation of individuals or augmentation of populations would inform management planning for the species, enhance cost-effectiveness of management actions, and may obviate the need to formally list the species as imperiled.<br>OBJECTIVES:<br>(1)Document spatiotemporal shifts in occupancy and suitability of riffles in Stony Creek and Cripple Creek.<br>(2)Monitor populations to estimate relative population size for use in demographic projections and assessment of population viability.<br>(3)Estimate life-history attributes such as fecundity, age-specific survival, annual recruitment, and age structure.<br>(4)Analyze molecular and life-history data to define demographic and evolutionarily significant units for the species and to estimate genetic diversity and effective population size.<br>Site occupancy remained constant throughout the study duration in both Cripple and Stony creeks. Sites outside the known distribution of Candy Darter were unoccupied throughout the study. Results of multi-season occupancy models were not interpretable, likely resulting from small sample sizes, few absences and little variation in covariate values.<br>Relative abundance was estimated using Cormack-Jolly-Seber models for mark-recapture surveys and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for all surveys. Capture probabilities for mark-recapture data were generally low, which resulted in low precision in abundance and survival estimates.<br>Molecular data support the view that Candy Darter populations historically occurred throughout the New River drainage, but extant populations have been demographically isolated for some time. Mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers revealed high levels of population differentiation and strong evidence of recent population genetic bottlenecks.<br>Molecular genetics evidence supports the interpretation that all populations of Candy Darter in Virginia might benefit from genetic augmentations. The Cripple Creek, Laurel Creek, and Stony Creek populations had similar levels of genetic diversity and demographic stability, which make them viable options as source populations.	Candy Darter are narrowly restricted to medium-size streams with cold-cool temperatures, high-velocity riffles, and silt-free substrates. Absences in fish surveys over the last half-century indicate that the species has declined or is extirpated from many former localities, probably due to warming water temperatures or excessive siltation.<br>Enhanced understanding of the viability and dynamics of extant populations and evaluation of biologically defensible options for translocation of individuals or augmentation of populations would inform management planning for the species, enhance cost-effectiveness of management actions, and may obviate the need to formally list the species as imperiled.<br>OBJECTIVES:<br>(1)Document spatiotemporal shifts in occupancy and suitability of riffles in Stony Creek and Cripple Creek.<br>(2)Monitor populations to estimate relative population size for use in demographic projections and assessment of population viability.<br>(3)Estimate life-history attributes such as fecundity, age-specific survival, annual recruitment, and age structure.<br>(4)Analyze molecular and life-history data to define demographic and evolutionarily significant units for the species and to estimate genetic diversity and effective population size.<br>Site occupancy remained constant throughout the study duration in both Cripple and Stony creeks. Sites outside the known distribution of Candy Darter were unoccupied throughout the study. Results of multi-season occupancy models were not interpretable, likely resulting from small sample sizes, few absences and little variation in covariate values.<br>Relative abundance was estimated using Cormack-Jolly-Seber models for mark-recapture surveys and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for all surveys. Capture probabilities for mark-recapture data were generally low, which resulted in low precision in abundance and survival estimates.<br>Molecular data support the view that Candy Darter populations historically occurred throughout the New River drainage, but extant populations have been demographically isolated for some time. Mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers revealed high levels of population differentiation and strong evidence of recent population genetic bottlenecks.<br>Molecular genetics evidence supports the interpretation that all populations of Candy Darter in Virginia might benefit from genetic augmentations. The Cripple Creek, Laurel Creek, and Stony Creek populations had similar levels of genetic diversity and demographic stability, which make them viable options as source populations.
Effects of Surveying and Habitat Characteristics of the Endangered Spruce-Fir Moss Spider	December 2018	Spruce-fir moss spider is restricted to a few high elevation forests with colluvial boulderfields in the southern Appalachians. Ongoing work is attempting to establish non-destructive habitat surveys and provide a robust predictive assessment of full distributional extent.	Spruce-fir moss spider is restricted to a few high elevation forests with colluvial boulderfields in the southern Appalachians. Ongoing work is attempting to establish non-destructive habitat surveys and provide a robust predictive assessment of full distributional extent.
Distribution and Ecology of the Eastern Spotted Skunk	December 2019	Rare throughout the Appalachians, the eastern spotted skunk is currently being surveyed for distribution, habitat use and genetic status in Virginia and West Virginia. Cooperators include Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources U.S. Forest Service, the Virginia Master Naturalist Program and Wintergreen Resort.	Rare throughout the Appalachians, the eastern spotted skunk is currently being surveyed for distribution, habitat use and genetic status in Virginia and West Virginia. The goal of this project is ascertain status to support either a game or sensitive species designation.
Phenology and habitat use of larval darters in the upper Roanoke River basin	December 2016	in this project we document spatiotemporal patterns of larval darter abundance and test capture efficacy for 3 gear types	None
Cost-effectiveness of riparian restoration as a recovery tactic for Roanoke logperch	June 2015	in this project we analyzed soil loss and riparian filtration in watersheds across the range of Roanoke logperch, then ranked watersheds in terms of where riparian restoration would have greatest effects	None
Impact of mining effluent on fish populations	September 2016	in this project we examine effects of coal mining on stream fishes at individual, population, and community levels of organization	None
Post WNS bat ecology in the eastern United States	December 2028	This project is a comprehensive investigation of the foraging and roosting ecology and distribution of bats in the mid-Atlantic and Northeast following White-nose Syndrome with emphasis on the threatened Northern long-eared bat and the endangered Indiana bat. Work has expanding to encompass Coastal Plain bat ecology including migratory patterns of non-hibernating bats. Project cooperators include US Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, Department of Defense, NASA, and numerous state agencies and NGOs throughout the region.	This project is a comprehensive investigation of the foraging and roosting ecology and distribution of bats in the mid-Atlantic and Northeast following White-nose Syndrome with emphasis on the threatened Northern long-eared bat and the endangered Indiana bat. Work has expanding to encompass Coastal Plain bat ecology in the Northeast and mid-Atlantic for these species. The Virginia Unit has been working with several persisting populations, notably in the DC-metro area, northeastern North Carolina, Long Island, New York and the upper Ohio Valley with efforts focused documenting natural ecology and to ascertain what factors allow for persistence. Data from this work helps inform a wide array of land management efforts such as forest management, military training and energy development where these species occur or could be recovered. This effort over multiple states and cooperating state, federal and private entities comprises one of the largest and longest running continuation of mist-netting and acoustic surveys in the East.

Research Publications

Research Publications	Publication Date
Ziuganov, V. E., San Miguel, R. J. Neves, et al. 2000. Life span variatioin of the freshwater pearl shell: a model species for testing longevity mechanisms in animals. Ambio 29(2):102-105.	January 2000
Zimmerman, L. L., and R. J. Neves. 2003. Effects of temperature on longevity and viability of glochidia of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). American Malacological Bulletin 17:31-35.	January 2003
Zimmerman, L. L., R. J. Neves and D. Smith. 2003. Control of predacious flatworms (Macrostomum sp. ) in culturing freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). North American Journal of Aquaculture 65:28-32.	January 2003
Yeager, M. M., R. J. Neves, and D. S. Cherry. August 8, 2000. Competitive interactions between early life stages of Villosa iris (Bivalvia Unionidae) and adult Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea). Proceedings of the Freshwater Mussel Symposium 253-259.	August 2000
Wohl, E., P. L. Angermeier, B. Bledsoe, G. M. Kondolf, L. MacDonnell, D. M. Merritt, M. A. Palmer, N. L. Poff, and D. Tarboton. 2005. River restoration. Water Resources Research W10301, doi:10.1029/2005WR003985	June 2005
Wohl, E., P. L. Angermeier, B. Bledsoe, G. M. Kondolf, L. MacDonnell, D. M. Merritt, M. A. Palmer, N. L. Poff, and D. Tarboton. 2005. River restoration. Water Resources Research 41: W10301, doi:10. 1029/2005WR003985.	October 2005
Wilson, L., G. Lonsdale, J.D. Curlis, E.A. Hunter, and C.L. Cox. 2022. Predator-based selection and the impact of edge sympatry on components of coral snake mimicry. Evolutionary Ecology https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-021-10143-8.	January 2022
Whitesell, M.J., E.A. Hunter, D.C. Rostal, and J.M. Carroll. 2022. Direct and indirect pathways for environmental drivers of hatching success in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Marine Ecology Progress Series 701: 119-132.	November 2022
Wheeler, A. P., P. L. Angermeier, and A. E. Rosenberger. 2005. Impacts of new highways and subsequent landscape urbanization on stream habitat and biota. Reviews in Fisheries Science 13: 141-164.	September 2005
Warrington, B.M., W.M.l Aust, S. M. Barrett, W. M. Ford, M.C. Bolding, C.A.. Dolloff and E. B. Schillingd. 2017, Forestry Best Management Practices for Roads, Stream Crossings, and Streamside Management Zones May Reduce Effects of Forest Operations on Aquatic and Riparian Fauna: A Review. Forests 8(9), 331; doi:10.3390/f8090331	September 2017
Warrillow, J., M. Culver, E. Hallerman, and M. Vaughan. 2001. Subspecific affinity of black bears in the White River National Wildlife Refuge. Journal of Heredity 92:226-233	May 2001
Wang, N., C. G. Ingersoll, Hardesty, D. K., Ivery, C. D., Kunz, J. L., May, T. W., Dywer, F. J., Roberts, A. D., Augspurger, T., Kane, C. M., Neves, R. J., and Barnhart, C. M. 2007. Acute toxicity of copper, ammonia, and chlorine to glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 26 (10):2036-2047	September 2007
Wang, N., C. G. Ingersoll, Greer, I. E., Hardesty, D. K., Ivey, C. D., Kunz, J. L., Brumbaugh, W. G., Dwyer, F. J., Roberts, A. D., Augspurger, T., Kane, C. M., Neves, R. J., and Barnhart, C. M. 2007. Chronic toxicity of copper and ammonia to juvenile freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 26 (10):2048-2056	September 2007
Wang, N. C., T. Augspurger, Barnhart, C. M., Bidwell, J. R., Cope, W. G., Dwyer, F. J., Geis, S., Greer, I. E., C. G. Ingersoll, Kane, C. M., May, T. W., Neves, R. J., Newton, T. J., Roberts, A. D., and Whites, D. W. 2007. Intra- and inter-laboratory variability in acute toxicology tests with glochidia and juveniles of freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 26 (10):2029- 2035.	August 2007
Walker, R.H., A.C. Belvin, J.B. Mouser, A. Pennino, S. Plont, C.D. Robinson, L.B. Smith, J. Thapa, C.E. Zipper, P.L. Angermeier, and S.A. Entrekin. 2023. Global review reveals how disparate study motivations, analytical designs, and focal ions limit understanding of salinization effects on freshwater animals. Science of the Total Environment 20:892:164061. \| Abstract	September 2023	Global salinization of freshwaters is adversely affecting biotic communities and ecosystem processes. We reviewed six decades (1960–2020) of literature published on animal responses to increased salinities across different taxonomic and ecological contexts and identified knowledge gaps. From 585 articles, we characterized 5924 responses of mollusks, macro-crustaceans, zooplankton, non-arthropod invertebrates (NAI), insects, fishes, and amphibians to salinization. Insects and fishes were the most studied taxa; Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> were the most studied ions<sup>-</sup>. Collectively, concentrations of examined ions typically spanned five orders of magnitude. Species’ invasiveness was a key motivation for studying mollusks, macro-crustaceans, and fishes; threats of urbanization and road salts were key motivations for studying NAI, zooplankton, and amphibians. Focal life stages in laboratory studies varied widely but juveniles and adults were represented similarly in field studies. Studies of mollusks, NAI, and macro-crustacean focused on adults; studies of zooplankton, insects, fishes, and amphibians focused on juveniles. Organismal- and population-level responses measuring solute uptake, internal chemistry, body condition, or ion concentrations predominated laboratory studies; population- and assemblage-level responses measuring abundance, spatial distribution, or assemblage composition predominated field studies. Negative responses to salinization predominated but positive and unimodal responses were apparent across all taxa and organizational levels. Key topics for further research include: a) salinity responses by more taxa, b) responses to especially toxic ions (i.e., K<sup>+</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>), c) mechanisms causing positive and unimodal responses, d) traits underpinning responses, e) effects transcending organizational levels, f) ion-specific response thresholds, and g) interactions between salinity and other stressors. Our review suggests inter-taxa variation in salinization sensitivity reflects occurrence of certain biological traits, including gill-breathing, semi-permeable skin, multiple life stages, and limited mobility. We propose a traits-based framework to predict salinization sensitivity from shared traits. This evolutionary approach could inform management aimed at preventing or reducing adverse impacts of freshwater salinization.
Walden, M.A., K.J. Loope, E.A. Hunter, S.J. Divers, J.R. Comolli, T.C. Esque, K.T. Shoemaker. 2023. Testosterone identifies hatchling sex for Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). Scientific Reports 13: 14818.	May 2023
W. Mark Ford , Andrew M. Evans, Richard H. Odom, Jane L. Rodrigue, Christine A. Kelly, Nicole Abaid, Corinne A. Diggins and Douglas Newcomb. 2015. Predictive Habitat Models Derived from Nest-box Occupancy for the Endangered Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel in the Southern Appalachians. Endangered Species Research 27:131-140	March 2015
Villamagna, A.M., P.L Angermeier, and E.M. Bennett. 2013. Capacity, pressure, demand, and flow: a conceptual framework for analyzing ecosystem service provision and delivery. Ecological Complexity 15: 114-121 \| Abstract \| Download	August 2013	Ecosystem services provide an instinctive way to understand the trade-offs associated with natural resource management. However, despite their apparent usefulness, several hurdles have prevented ecosystem services from becoming deeply embedded in environmental decision-making. Ecosystem service studies vary widely in focal services, geographic extent, and in methods for defining and measuring services. Dissent among scientists on basic terminology and approaches to evaluating ecosystem services create difficulties for those trying to incorporate ecosystem services into decision-making. To facilitate clearer comparison among recent studies, we provide a synthesis of common terminology and explain a rationale and framework for distinguishing among the components of ecosystem service delivery, including: an ecosystem’s capacity to produce services; ecological pressures that interfere with an ecosystem’s ability to provide the service; societal demand for the service; and flow of the service to people. We discuss how interpretation and measurement of these four components can differ among provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. Our flexible framework treats service capacity, ecological pressure, demand, and flow as separate but interactive entities to improve our ability to evaluate the sustainability of service provision and to help guide management decisions. We consider ecosystem service provision to be sustainable when demand is met without decreasing capacity for future provision of that service or causing undesirable declines in other services. When ecosystem service demand exceeds ecosystem capacity to provide services, society can choose to enhance natural capacity, decrease demand and/or ecological pressure, or invest in a technological substitute. Because regulating services are frequently overlooked in environmental assessments, we provide a more detailed examination of regulating services and propose a novel method for quantifying the flow of regulating services based on estimates of ecological work. We anticipate that our synthesis and framework will reduce inconsistency and facilitate coherence across analyses of ecosystem services, thereby increasing their utility in environmental decision-making.
Villamagna, A.M., B. Mogollon, and P.L Angermeier. 2017. Inequity in ecosystem service delivery: socioeconomic gaps in the public-private conservation network Ecology and Society http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/volXX/issYY/artZZ/.	April 2017
Villamagna, A.M., B. Mogollon, and P.L Angermeier. 2014. A multi-indicator framework for mapping cultural ecosystem services: the case of freshwater recreational fishing. Ecological Indicators 45: 255-265	July 2014
Villamagna, A.M. and P.L. Angermeier. 2015. A methodology for measuring and mapping ecosystem services provided by watersheds. Pages 151-180 in L. Chícharo, F. Muller, N. Fohrer, and E. Wolanski (eds.), Ecosystem Services and River Basin Ecohydology, Springer	June 2015
Vaughan, M.R. 2009. The influence of food availability on American black bear (Ursus americanus) physiology, behavior, and ecology. Biology of Bear Intrusions: Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Mechanisms of the Intrusion of Bears into Residential Areas. FFPRI Scientific Meeting Report 4, Kyoto, Japan. Pages 9-17	March 2009
Vaughan, M. R., and T. K. Fuller, editors. 1999. Ursus 11:1-292	January 2001
Vaughan, M. R. 2002. Oak trees, acorns, and bears, Pages 224-240 in W. J. McShea and W. M. Healey, editors, Oak Forest Ecosystems: Ecology and Management for Wildlife. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.	August 2002
Vashon, J. H., M. R. Vaughan, A. D. Vashon, D. D. Martin, and K. N. Nichols. 2003. An expandable radio collar for black bear cubs. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31:380-386.	July 2003
Valenti, T. W., D. S. Cherry, R. J. Neves, and J. Schmerfeld. 2005. Acute and chronic toxicity of mercury to early life stages of the rainbow mussel, Villosa iris (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24(5):1242-1246.	October 2005
Valenti, T. W., D. S. Cherry, R. J. Neves, J. W. Jones, R. Mair, and C. M. Kane. 2006. Chlorine toxicity to early life stages of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia:Unionidae). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25(9):183-189.	May 2006
Valenti, T. W., D. S. Cherry, R. J. Neves, B. A. Locke, and J. J. Schmerfeld. 2006. Case study: Sensitivity of mussel glochidia and regulatory test organisms to mercury and a reference toxicant. Chapter 14 in Freshwater Bivalve Ecotoxicology, J. L. Farris and J. H. VanHassel (eds. ), pp. 351-367.	November 2006
Tsiouris, J. A., V. P. S. Chauhan, A. M. Sheikh, A. Chauhan, M. Malik, and M. Vaughan. 2005. Similarities in acute-phase protein response during hibernation in black bears and major depression in humans: A response to underlying metabolic depression. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82: 1468-1476.	January 2005
True, M.C., R.W. Perry and W.M. Ford. 2021. Forecasting the Distribution of a Range-Expanding Bat Reveals Future Response to Climate Change and Habitat. Acta Chiropterlogica 23(1) : 139-152	July 2021
True, M.C., R.J. Reynolds and W.M. Ford. 2021. Monitoring and Modeling Tree Bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) Occurrence Using Acoustics on Structures Off the Mid-Atlantic Coast—Implications for Offshore Wind Development. Animals 11(11), 3146; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113146	November 2021
True, M.C., K.M. Gorman, H. Taylor, R.J. Reynolds and W.M. Ford. 2023. Fall migration, oceanic movement, and site residency patterns of the eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) on the mid-Atlantic Coast. Movement Ecology 2023) 11:35https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00398-x	June 2023
Tredick, T.A., and M.R. Vaughan. 2009. DNA-Based population abundance, density, and sex ratios of black bears on 3 national wildlife refuges in coastal North Carolina and Virginia. Accepted for publication in the Journal of Wildlife Management.	January 2009
Thorne, E.D., M.L. Fies and W.M. Ford. 2024. Home-Range Size and Resource Use by Eastern Spotted Skunks in Virginia. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 11:206–214	May 2024
Thorne, E.D., K.E. Powers, R.J. Reynolds, M.E. Beckner, K.A. Ellis and W.M. Ford. 2022. Comparison of survey methods to maximize detection of a declining rodent, the Allegheny woodrat Neotoma magister, in Virginia. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management.13:396-406	December 2022
Thorne, E.D., C. Waggy, M. J. Kelly, D.S. Jachowski and W.M. Ford. 2017. Habitat Associations of Eastern Spotted Skunks in the Central and Southern Appalachians. Journal of Wildlife Management 81:1042–1050	July 2017
Thorne, E.D. and W.M. Ford. 2021. Contemporary *Distribution of the Eastern Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius) in Virginia* . Southeastern Naturalist 20:39-51	July 2021
Tear, T. H., P. KAreiva, P. L. Angermeir, P. Comer, B. Czech, R. Kautz. L. Landon, D. Mehlman, K. Murphy, M. Ruckelshaus, J. M. Scott and G. Wilhere. 2005. How much is enough? The recurrent problem of setting measurable objectives in conservation. Bioscience 55: 835-849.	October 2005
Taylor, D.A.R., R.W. Perry, W.M. Ford and D.A. Miller. 2020. Bats and forest management. Bat Conservation International, Austin, TX and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service White-nose Syndrome Program, Hadley, MA. 25 p.	November 2020
Sweeten, S.E., and W.M. Ford. 2015. Effects of Microhabitat and Land Use on Stream Salamander Abundance in the Southwest Virginia Coalfields. 2nd Proceedings of Environmental Considerations in Energy Production. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc, Englewood, Colorado, USA. 19 p.Considerations in Energy Production (in review). \| Abstract	September 2015	Large-scale land uses such as residential wastewater discharge and coal mining practices, particularly surface coal extraction and associated valley fills, are of particular ecological concern in central Appalachia. Identification and quantification of both alterations across scales are a necessary first-step to mitigate negative consequences to biota. In central Appalachian headwater streams absent of fish, salamanders are the dominant, most abundant vertebrate predator providing a significant intermediate trophic role. Stream salamander species are considered to be sensitive to aquatic stressors and environmental alterations, and past research has shown linkages among microhabitat parameters, large-scale land use such as urbanization and logging with salamander abundances. However, little is known about these linkages in the coalfields of central Appalachia. In the summer of 2013, we visited 70 sites (sampled three times each) in the southwest Virginia coalfields to survey salamanders and quantify stream and riparian microhabitat parameters. Using an information-theoretic framework we compared the effects of microhabitat and large-scale land use on salamander abundances. Our findings indicate that dusky salamander (Desmognathus spp.) abundances are more correlated to microhabitat parameters such as canopy cover than to subwatershed land uses. Brook salamander (Eurycea spp.) abundances show strong negative associations to the suspended sediments and stream substrate embeddedness. Neither Desmognathus spp. nor Eurycea spp. abundances were influenced by water conductivity. These suggest protection or restoration of riparian habitats and erosion control is an important conservation component for maintaining stream salamanders in the mined landscapes of central Appalachia
Sweeten, S.E., A. Silvis, and W.M. Ford. 2015. Seasonal Variability in Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in the Southwest Virginia Coalfields. In the 2nd Proceedings of Environmental Considerations in Energy Production. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc, Englewood, Colorado, USA. 9 p.	September 2015
Sweeten, S.E. and W.M. Ford. Effects of microhabitat and large-scale land use on stream salamander occupancy in the coalfields of Central Appalachia. Journal of Ecology and Natural Environment 8:129-141	September 2016
Sweeten, S.E. and W.M. Ford. 2016. Validation of a stream and riparian habitat assessment protocol using stream salamanders in the southwest Virginia coalfields. Journal of The American Society of Mining and Reclamation 5:45-46 \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	June 2016	Within the central Appalachia Coalfields, the aquatic impacts of large-scale land uses are of particular ecological concern. Coal mining practices, particularly surface coal extraction and associated valley fills, both directly and indirectly effect physical stream habitat and water quality. Additionally, many residential areas in this region are concentrated in the stream valley whereby they impact stream and riparian habitat. For example, runoff and untreated sewage into area streams continue to degrade water quality. Identification and quantification of land use impacts to ecosystems are a necessary first step to aid in mitigation of negative consequences to biota. However, oftentimes quantifying physical environmental quality such as stream and riparian habitat can be quite difficult, particularly when there are time or fiscal limitations. Standard protocols such as the U.S. EPA’s Stream Habitat Rapid Bioassessment Protocol have been established to be cost and time effective (Barbour et al 1999). This protocol estimates ten different stream and riparian conditions on a scale of 0 to 20. However, using estimations can be problematic due to large potential variation in the scoring depending on differences in training, experience, and opinion of the personnel doing the estimations. In order to help negate this and provide a simplified process, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) developed a functional assessment for streams that measures 11 stream and riparian parameters along with watershed land use to calculate three different scores, a hydrology score, biogeochemical score, and habitat score. In our study, we examined the correlation of stream salamanders to the three USACE scores. In the summer of 2013, we visited 70 sites (sampled three times each) in the southwest Virginia Coalfields to collect salamanders and quantify stream and riparian microhabitat parameters. Using an occupancy analysis we found strong relationships among three Desmognathus spp. and the USACE Habitat FCI score.
Sullivan, P. J., J. M. Acheson, P. L. Angermeier, T. Faast, J. Flemma, C. M. Jones, E. E. Knudsen, T. J. Minello, D. H. Secor, R. Wunderlich, and B. A. Zanetell. 2006. Defining and implementing best available science for fisheries and environmental science, policy, and management. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD and Estuarine Research Federation, Port Republic, MD. 30 pp.	January 2006
Sullivan, P. J., J. M. Acheson, P. L. Angermeier, T. Faast, J. Flemma, C. M. Jones, E. E. Knudsen, T. J. Minello, D. H. Secor, R. Wunderlich, and B. A. Zanetell. 2006. Defining and implementing best available science for fisheries and environmental science, policy, and management. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD and Estuarine Research Federation, Port Republic, MD. 30 pp.	June 2006
Stoeckel, J. N., and R. J. Neves. 2001. Induced spawning of the margined madtom. North American Journal of Aquaculture 63:99-108.	June 2001
Stoeckel, J. N., and R. J. Neves. 2000. Methods for hatching margined madtom eggs. North American Journal of Aquaculture 62:42-47.	January 2000
Stephenson, T.R., M.R. Vaughan, and D.E. Andersen. 1996. Mule deer movements in response to military activity in southeast Colorado. Journal of Wildlife Management 60:777–787. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3802377 \| Download	April 1997
St. Germain, M.J., A.B. Kniowski, A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2017. Who Knew? First Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis) Maternity Colony in the Coastal Plain of Virginia. Northeastern Naturalist 24:N5-N10.	March 2017
Smogor, R. A., and P. L. Angermeier. 2001. Determining a regional framework for assessing biotic integrity in Virginia streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130: 18-35.	March 2001
Sleezer, L.J., P.L. Angermeier, E.A. Frimpong, and B.L. Brown. 2021. A new composite abundance metric detects stream fish declines and community homogenization during six decades of invasions. Diversity and Distributions 27: 2136-2156. http://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13393	September 2021
Silvis, A., W.M. Ford, E.R. Britzke, and J.B. Johnson. 2013. Association, roost and social networks of Myotis septentrionalis maternity colonies. Behavioral Processes 103:283-290. \| Abstract	February 2014	Fission-fusion dynamics of maternity colonies of tree-roosting bats result in roost and social networks. An improved understanding of these networks, as well as how they occur on the landscape, has the potential to improve bat conservation and management efforts. We radio-tracked five maternity colonies of northern bats (Myotis septentrionalis) at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and calculated roost and social network metrics for each colony. We used bivariate normal fixed kernel utilization distributions and compared overlap to evaluate space use by maternity colonies. Additionally, we performed simulations of randomized roost removal for the largest network we delineated. We found that roost and social network structure differed by reproductive status of the maternity colonies, with gestating bats using roosts and forming associations no different than would be expected by chance. Conversely, lactating bats exhibited closer social association and greater concentration of roost use than would be expected by chance. Maternity colony roosting areas existed in close spatial proximity, but occupied separate areas on the landscape with little overlap relative to their utilization distributions. In our simulations, roost removal was linearly related to network fragmentation. Removal of approximately 20% or more of the roosts was required to split the network into two fragments, whereas a 50% roost removal was required to generate three network fragments. Our results suggest that northern bat maternity colonies are distinct entities on the landscape, and as such may be individually manageable units.
Silvis, A., W.M. Ford, E.R. Britzke, N.R. Beane, and J.B. Johnson. 2012 Forest succession and maternity day roost selection by Myotis septentrionalis in a mesophytic hardwood forest. International Journal of Forestry of Forestry Research. 2012:148106. 8 p.	September 2012
Silvis, A., W.M. Ford and E.R. Britzke. 2015. Day-roost tree selection by northern long-eared bats– What do random tree comparisons and one year of data really tell us? Global Ecology and Conservation 3:756-763 \| Abstract	April 2015	Bat day-roost selection often is described by outcomes derived from comparisons of day-roosts with randomly selected, supposedly unused, trees. Relatively few studies, however, look at patterns of multi-year selection or compare day-roosts used across years. We explored the process determining day-roost selection using 2 years of roost selection data for northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colonies on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Kentucky, USA. We compared characteristics of random trees and day-roosts used in 2 different years using a multinomial logistic model and day-roost species selection using chi-squared tests. We found that the factors differentiating day-roosts from non-roosts and day-roosts between years varied substantially. Day-roosts differed from random trees in the first year of data in all measured factors, but only in diameter at breast height and decay stage in the second year. Between years, day-roosts differed in roost size and canopy position, but not decay stage. Day-roost species selection however, was non-random and did not differ significantly between years. Although bats use multiple trees within a colony, our results suggest that there were multiple unused trees that were suitable for roosts at any time. We believe day-roost selection pattern descriptions will be inadequate if based only on a single year of data, and that inferences of roost selection based on comparisons of roost to random trees should be limited.
Silvis, A., R. W. Perry and W.M. Ford. 2016. Relationships of Three Species of White-nose Syndrome-Impacted Bats to Forest Condition and Management. US Forest Service Southern Research Station General Technical Report. SRS–214, Ashville, NC. 57p	August 2016
Silvis, A., N. Abaid, W.M. Ford and E.R. Britzke. 2016. Responses of bat social groups to roost loss: More questions than answers. pages 261-280 in: Sociality in Bats. Jorge Ortega (ed). Springer International. 301 p. \| Download	June 2016
Silvis, A., A.B. Kniowski, S.D. Ghert, and W.M. Ford. 2014. Roosting and foraging social structure of the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) . PLos ONE 9(5):1-12 (e9637) \| Abstract	May 2014	Social dynamics are an important but poorly understood aspect of bat ecology. Herein we use a combination of graph theoretic and spatial approaches to describe the roost and social network characteristics and foraging associations of an Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) maternity colony in an agricultural landscape in Ohio, USA. We tracked 46 bats to 50 roosts (423 total relocation events) and collected 2,306 foraging locations for 40 bats during the summers of 2009 and 2010. We found the colony roosting network was highly centralized in both years and that roost and social networks differed significantly from random networks. Roost and social network structure also differed substantially between years. Social network structure appeared to be unrelated to segregation of roosts between age classes. For bats whose individual foraging ranges were calculated, most shared foraging space with at least one other bat. In total, 47% and 43% of Indiana bat dyads in 2009 and 2010 respectively showed more than expected overlap of foraging areas. Colony roosting area differed between years, reflecting an increase in roost network centralization, but the roosting area centroid shifted only 332 m. In contrast, whole colony foraging area use was similar between years. Random roost removal simulations suggest that Indiana bat colonies may be robust to loss of a limited number of roosts, but may respond differently from year to year. Our study emphasizes the utility of graphic theoretic and spatial approaches for examining the sociality and roosting behavior of bats. Detailed knowledge about the relationships between social and spatial aspects of bat ecology could greatly increase conservation effectiveness by allowing more structured approaches to roost and habitat retention, and possibly creation, for the Indiana bat as well as other tree-roosting, socially-aggregating bat species.
Scott, L.N., A.M. Villamagna, and P.L. Angermeier. 2018. A new modeling approach to prioritize riparian restoration to reduce sediment loading in two Virginia river basins. Environmental Management 62: 721–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-018-1078-6.	June 2018
Schuler, T.M.; Thomas-Van Gundy, M.; Adams, M.B; Ford, W.M. 2013. Analysis of two pre-shelterwood prescribed fires in a mesic mixed-oak forest in West Virginia. In: G.W. Miller, T.M. Schuler, K.W. Gottschalk, J.R. Brooks, S.T. Grushecky, B.D. Spong and J. Rentch, eds) Proceedings of the 18th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2012 March 26-28; Morgantown, WV; General Technical Report NRS-P-117. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 430-446.	July 2013
Saylor, R.K., N.W.R. Lapointe, and P.L. Angermeier. 2012. Diet of non-native northern snakehead (Channa argus) compared to three co-occurring predators in the lower Potomac River, USA. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 21: 443–452.	July 2012
SIlvis, A., W.M. Ford, and E.R. Britzke. 2014. Effects of hierarchical roost removal on northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colonies. PLOS ONE DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0116356. 17 p.	December 2014
S.M. Deeley, W.M. Ford, N. Kalen, S. R. Freeze, M. St. Germain, M. Muthersbaugh, E.L. Barr, A.B. Kniowski, A. Silvis and J. De La Cruz. 2022. Relating echolocation call data with reproduction data in mid-Atlantic bats. Diversity 14, 319. doi.org/10.3390/d14050319	April 2022
Ryan, C.W., M.R. Vaughan, J.B. Meldrum, R.B. Duncan, and J.W. Edwards. 2009. Retention time of Telazol in black bears. Journal of Wildlife Management 73:210-213.	January 2009
Ryan, C. W., and M. R. Vaughan. 2004. Reproduction and survival of American black bears in southwest Virginia. Northeast Wildlife 56:57-68.	March 2004
Rosenberger, A., and P. L. Angermeier. 2003. Ontogenetic shifts in habitat use by the endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex). Freshwater Biology 48:1563-1577.	August 2003
Rogers, S. O., B. T. Watson, and R. J. Neves. 2001. Life history and population biology of the endangered tan riffleshell (Epioblasma florentina walkeri) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) Journal of the North American Benthological Society 20(4): 582-594.	November 2001
Roberts, J.H., P.L. Angermeier, and G.B. Anderson. 2016. Population viability analysis for endangered Roanoke logperch. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7:46-64.	July 2016
Roberts, J.H., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2013. Extensive dispersal of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) inferred from genetic marker data. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 25: 1-16.	June 2013
Roberts, J.H., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2013. Distance, dams and drift: What structures populations of an endangered, benthic stream fish? Freshwater Biology 58: 2050-2064	December 2013
Roberts, J.H., G.B. Anderson, and P.L. Angermeier. 2016. A long-term study of ecological impacts of a flood reduction project to an endangered riverine fish: lessons learned for assessment and restoration. Water 8, 240; doi:10.3390/w8060240	July 2016
Roberts, J. H., and P. L. Angermeier. 2007. Spatiotemporal variability of stream habitat and movement of three species of fish. Oecologia 151: 417-430.	March 2007
Roberts, J. H., and P. L. Angermeier. 2007. Movement responses of stream fishes to introduced corridors of complex cover. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136:971-978	August 2007
Roberts, J. H., and P. L. Angermeier. 2004. A comparison of injectable fluorescent marks in two genera of darters: effects on survival and retention rates. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24(3): 1017-1024.	September 2004
Roberts, J. H., A. E. Rosenberger, B. W. Albanese, and P. L. Angermeier. 2008. Movement patterns of endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex). Ecology of Freshwater Fish 17: 374-381.	August 2008
Riedel, B.L., K.R. Russell and W.M. Ford. 2012. Physical condition, sex, and age-class of eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) in forested and open habitats of West Virginia. International Journal of Zoology. doi:10.1155/2012/623730. 8 p. \| Publisher Website	July 2012
Richard, J.C., L. Castello, D.J. Gurdak, B.K. Peoples, and P.L. Angermeier. 2018. Size-structured habitat selection by arapaima in floodplain lakes of the Lower Amazon. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 28: 1403-1413. DOI:10.1002/aqc.2969.	December 2018
Reynolds, R., K.E. Powers, W. Orndorff, W.M. Ford and C. Hobson. 2016, Changes in Myotis septentrionalis (Northern Long-eared Bat) Capture Rates and Demographics in Western Virginia; Pre and Post White-nose Syndrome. Northeastern Naturalist 15(1):127-137	May 2016
Rentch, J.S., T.M. Schuler, G.J. Nowacki, N.R. Beane and W.M. Ford. 2010. Canopy Gap Dynamics of Second-Growth Red Spruce-Northern Hardwood Stands in West Virginia. Forest Ecology and Management 260:1921-1929.	October 2010
Rentch, J.A., W.M. Ford, T.S. Schuler, J. Palmer and C.A. Diggins. 2014. Release of suppressed red spruce using canopy gap creation – testing applicability for ecological restoration in the Central Appalachians. Natural Areas Journal 36:29-37.	January 2016
Rash, J. M., and R. J. Neves. Life-history characteristics of the Atlantic pigtoe, Fusconaia masoni. Virginia Journal of Science Vol 56(1).	August 2005
Quinlan, B.A., J.P. Rosenberger, D.M. Kalb, H.N. Abernathy, E.D. Thornes, W.M. Ford and M.J. Cherry. 2022. Drivers of habitat quality for a reintroduced elk herd. Scientific Reports Using home range composition and size as a proxy of habitat quality for female elk. Scientific Reports (2022) 12:20960 doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25058-9IP-142951.	December 2022
Quinlan, B.A., J.P. Rosenberger, D.M. Kalb, E.D. Thorne, W.M. Ford and M.J. Cherry. 2022. Estimating elk abundance in Buchanan County, Virginia using Lincoln-Petersen Indices. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 10:135–141.	March 2023
Powers, K.E.., R.J. Reynolds , W. Orndorff, B. A. Hyzy, C. S. Hobson, and W. M. Ford. 2016. Monitoring the status of Gray Bats (Myotis grisescens) in Virginia, 2009-2014, and potential impacts of White-nose Syndrome. Southeastern Naturalist 15:127-137	April 2016
Powers, K.E., W.M. Ford, R.J. Reynolds, W.D. Orndorff, D.E. Yates, and T.E. Malabad. 2024. Reproductive Trends in Little Brown Bats Before and After the Onset of White-nose Syndrome in Virginia. Journal of North American Bat Research 6:1-12.	September 2024
Powers, K.E., M.T. Mengak, R.R. Sherry, W.M. Ford and R.J. Reynolds. 2020. Bot Fly Parasitism of Allegheny Woodrats (Neotoma magister) in Virginia. American Midland Naturalist 184:62-72.	August 2020
Powers, K.E., E.D. Thorne, L.R. Platt, K.M. Nelson, L. Van MEter, C.M. Wozniak, R.J. Reynolds and W.M. Ford. 2023. Activity patterns of Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) and two potential competitors in Virginia. Northeastern Naturalist 30(1):41-58	February 2023
Poff, N. L., P. L. Angermeier, & co-authors. 2001. Fish diversity in streams and rivers. Pages 315-349 in FS Chapin et al., eds. Global biodiversity in a changing environment: Scenarios for the 21st century. Springer-Verlag, New York.	March 2001
Patterson, M. A., B. C. Parker, and R. J. Neves. 1999. Glycogen concentration in the mussel tissue of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) during starvation and controlled feeding. American Malacological Bulletin 15(1):47-50.	November 1999
Patriquin, K.J.,M.L. Leonard, H.G. Broders, W.M.Ford, E.R. Britzke, and A. Silvis 2016. Weather as a proximate explanation for fission-fusion dynamics in female northern long-eared bats. Animal Behaviour 122:47-57	November 2016
P.L. Angermeier. 2008. Book reviews. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 27:802-804. Review of Fish Conservation: A Guide to Understanding and Restoring Global Aquatic Biodiversity and Fishery Resources by G.S. Helfman (2007).	October 2008
Owen, S.F., J.W. Edwards, W.M. Ford, P.B Wood, and J.L. Berl. 2015. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) diurnal den use within an intensively managed forest in central West Virginia. Northeastern Naturalist 22:41-52	June 2015
Owen, S.F., J.L. Berl, J.W. Edwards, W.M. Ford, and P.B. Wood. 2014. Raccoon ( Procyon lotor) Diurnal Den Use within an Intensively Managed Forest in Central West Virginia. Northeastern Naturalist 22:41-52	October 2014
Owen, S.F., J.L. Berl, J.W. Edwards, W.M. Ford and P.B. Wood. 2015. Raccoon Spatial Requirements and Multi-Scale Habitat Selection within Intensively Managed Central Appalachian Forests. American Midland Naturalist 174:87-95.	July 2015
Oliphant, A.J., R.H. Wynne, C.E. Zipper, W.M. Ford, P.F. Donovan and J. Li. 2016. Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) Presence and Proliferation on Former Surface Coal Mines in Eastern USA. Biological Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-016-1271-6 17p.	September 2016
Odom, R.H. and W.M. Ford. 2021. Developing species-age cohorts from forest inventory and analysis data to parameterize a forest landscape model. International Journal of Forestry Research 6650821(2021) doi.org/10.1155/2021/6650821 16 p	March 2021
Odom, R.H. and W.M. Ford. 2020. Assessing the vulnerability of military installations in the coterminous United States to potential biome shifts resulting from rapid climate change. Environmental Management doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01331-3. 27 p.	July 2020
O'Connell, A. M. U., and P. L. Angermeier. 1999. Habitat relationships for alewife and blueback herring spawning in a Virginia stream. J. Freshw. Ecol. 14:357-370.	November 1999
Nocera, T., W.M. Ford, A. Silvis and C.A. Dobony. 2020. Temporal and spatial changes in Myotis lucifugus acoustic activity before and after white-nose syndrome on Fort Drum Army Installation, New York, USA. Acta Chiropterlogica 22:135-146	July 2020
Nocera, T., W.M. Ford, A. Silvis and C.A. Dobony. 2019. Patterns of acoustical activity of bats prior to and 10 years after WNS. Global Ecology and Conservation. 18: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00633	May 2019
Nocera, T., W.M. Ford, A. Silvis and C.A. Dobony. 2019. Let’s Agree To Disagree: Comparing Auto-Acoustic Identification Programs for Northeastern Bats. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 10:346-361.	December 2019
Newsome, C.N., and E.A. Hunter. 2022. Habitat edges influence the distribution of nest predators for Seaside Sparrows, but not nesting decisions or success. Ornithological Applications 124:duac023. \| Abstract	May 2022	Nest failure for coastal marsh bird species is primarily caused by predation and nest flooding. As sea level rise makes nest flooding more likely, the threat of nest predation will constrain the potential adaptive responses of marsh nesting species. Thus, understanding the predictors of nest predation is important for conservation and management of birds inhabiting coastal marshes, such as Seaside Sparrows (<i>Ammospiza maritima</i>). Predator activity may be influenced by landscape features (particularly edges between marshes and other habitats), potentially making nest predation predictable. We aimed to understand the predictability of Seaside Sparrow nest predation relative to two major landscape features: distance to roads and distance to tidal rivers, as both of these edges may be entryways or attractants for predators in the marsh. In coastal Georgia, USA, we assessed mammalian predator activity relative to the two features of interest, and hypothesized that predator activity would be greater close to roads and tidal rivers. We also recorded Seaside Sparrow nest locations and nest predation events and hypothesized that nest predation events would increase with increasing predator activity. Consistent with our hypothesis, predator activity increased close to roads and tidal rivers, but mammalian predator distribution did not explain the spatial variation in Seaside Sparrow nest predation. Seaside Sparrows also placed their nests in locations with increased predator activity, indicating that the ability to avoid nesting in high risk areas may be constrained by habitat or resource limitations. Additionally, mammals may not be the primary nest predators, as we found that one bird species (Marsh Wren, <i>Cistothorus palustris</i>) contributed substantially to nest predation rates. Understanding the predictability of mammalian predator distribution can contribute to predation risk management for Seaside Sparrows, which could relax the constraint of nest predation on the species’ ability to respond to the intensifying threat of sea level rise.
Neves, R. J., and S. A. Ahlstedt. 2001. The status of species and recovery programs for endangered freshwater mussels in the Southern Appalachians. In: D. B. Adams et al., U. S. Geological Survey Appalachian Region Integrated Science Workshop Proceedings, Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Pp. 67-72.	December 2001
Neves, R. J., W. F. Henley, H. Dan, and J. W. Jones. 2007. Conservation aquaculture: it's application to endangered freshwater mollusks. Journal of Shellfish Research 26 (2): 665- 666.	October 2007
Neves, R. J. 2004. Propagation of endangered freshwater mussels in North America. Journal of Conchology Special Publication No. 3:69-80.	July 2004
Neves, R. J. 2004. Book Review: A guide to the freshwater mussels of Kentucky. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 23 (2):394-395.	December 2004
Neves, R. J. 2004. Book Review-Bivalve molluscs: biology, ecology, and culture, by E. Gosling. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 133:1068.	September 2004
Neves, R. J. 1999. Conservation of North America's freshwater mussel fauna (Unionidae) from the threat posed by the exotic zebra mussel (Dressena polymorpha). Malocological Review, Supplement 8:107-118.	November 1999
Neves, R. J. 1999. Conservation and commerce: management of freshwater mussel (Bivalve: Unionidae) resources in the United States. Malacologia 41(2):461-474.	December 1999
Neves, R. J. 1999. Biological feasibility of freshwater mussels and pearl culture in Gulf Coast states. Gulf of Mexico Science 1999(2):103-108.	November 1999
Nelson, K.C., M.A. Palmer, J.E. Pizzuto, G.E. Moglen, P.L. Angermeier, R.H. Hilderbrand, M. Dettinger, and K. Hayhoe. 2009. Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options. Journal of Applied Ecology 46: 154-163.	January 2009
Nareff, G.E., P.B. Wood, D.J. Brown, T. Fearer, J.L. Larkin, and W.M. Ford. Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea) response to operational silviculture in the central Appalachian region. Forest Ecology and Management 448:409-423,	June 2019
Muthersbaugh, M.S., W.M. Ford, A. Silvis and K.E. Powers. 2019. Activity patterns of cave-dwelling bat species during pre-hibernation swarming and post-hibernation emergence in the central Appalachians. Diversity 2019, 11, 159; doi:10.3390/d11090159	September 2019
Muthersbaugh MS, Ford WM, Powers KE, Silvis A. 2019. Activity patterns of bats during the fall and spring along ridgelines in the central Appalachians. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 10(1):180–195; e1944-687X. https://doi.org/10.3996/082018-JFWM-072	June 2019
Mummert, A., T. Newcomb, R. J. Neves and B. Parker. 2005. Evaluation of a recirculating pond system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, West Virginia. American Malacological Bulletin 21(1/2):1-10 .	April 2006
Mummert, A., T. J. Newcomb, R. J. Neves, and D. S. Cherry. 2002. Sensitivity of juvenile freshwater mussels to total and unionized ammonia. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22(11):2545-2553.	September 2003
Moser, A., C.A. Diggins, and W.M. Ford. 2017. High-elevation Observations of Long-tailed Weasel and Eastern Chipmunk in North Carolina. Southeastern Naturalist 16(2):N40-N42	October 2017
Moran, M.L., W. Boyd, J.L. De La Cruz, A.S. Bertke and W.M. Ford. 2023. Oral Sampling of Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) Maternity Colonies for SARS-CoV-2 in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, USA. Animals 2023, 13, 550. doi.org/10.3390/ani13040550	February 2023
Monroe, J.B., C.V. Baxter, J.D. Olden, and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. Freshwaters in the public eye: understanding the role of images and media in aquatic conservation. Fisheries (Bethesda) 34: 581-585.	January 2009
Mogollón, B., E. Frimpong, A. Hoegh, and P.L. Angermeier. 2016. RECENT CHANGES IN STREAM FLASHINESS AND FLOODING, AND EFFECTS OF FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA . Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 1-18. DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.12408.	February 2016
Mogollón, B., E. Frimpong, A. Hoegh, and P.L. Angermeier. 2016. An empirical assessment of which inland floods can be managed? Journal of Environmental Management 167: 38-48.	February 2016
Mogollón, B., A.M. Villamagna, E.A. Frimpong, and P.L. Angermeier. 2016. Mapping technological and biophysical capacities of watersheds to regulate floods. Ecological Indicators 16: 483-499.	January 2016
McBaine, K.E., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2022. Genetic structure across isolated Virginia populations of the endangered candy darter. Fishes 8(10), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100490. \| Abstract	October 2023	Candy darter Etheostoma osburni, a federally endangered non-game fish, has been extirpated from most of its historic range in Virginia and now occurs in four isolated populations in the New River drainage. Understanding of population genetic structure will provide insights into the recent natural history of the species and can inform conservation management. Our objectives were to: characterize population genetic structure, estimate and compare effective population sizes (N<sub>e</sub>), and use this information to infer recent population history. Variation at mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences among 150 individuals showed 10 haplotypes separated by 1–14 mutational steps, some shared and some unique to particular populations. Variation at 12 microsatellite loci among 171 individuals showed lower variation in Dismal Creek than in other populations. All populations showed evidence of having experienced a genetic bottleneck and were highly differentiated from one another based on both types of DNA markers. Population genetic structure was related to stream position in regard to the New River, suggesting that populations were once connected. N<sub>e</sub> estimates for all populations were less than the 500 recommended to maintain evolutionary potential, but most estimates were greater than the 100 needed for use as source populations. Our findings indicate that habitat management to allow expansion of populations, and translocations to exchange genetic material among populations, may be effective tactics to promote conservation of candy darter in Virginia.
McBaine, K.E., E.M. Hallerman, and P.L. Angermeier. 2022. Direct and molecular observation of movement and reproduction by Candy Darter, Etheostoma osburni, an endangered benthic stream fish in Virginia, USA. Fishes https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/7/1/30/pdf. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	February 2022	Direct and indirect measures of individual movement provide valuable knowledge regarding a species’ resiliency to environmental change.<b> </b>Information on patterns of movement can inform species management and conservation, but is lacking for many imperiled fishes. The Candy Darter, <i>Etheostoma osburni</i>, is an endangered stream fish with a dramatically reduced distribution in Virginia in the eastern United States, now known from only four isolated populations. We used visual implant elastomer tags and microsatellite DNA markers to directly describe movement patterns in two populations. Parentage analysis based on parent-offspring pairs was used to infer movement patterns of young-of-year and age-1 individuals, as well as the reproductive contribution of certain adults. Direct measurements of movement distances were generally similar between methods, but microsatellite markers revealed greater distances moved, commensurate with greater spatial frames sampled. Parent-offspring pairs were found throughout the species’ 18.8-km distribution in Stony Creek, while most parent-offspring pairs were in 2 km of the 4.25-km distribution in Laurel Creek. Sibship reconstruction allowed us to characterize the mating system and number of spawning years for adults. Our results provide the first measures of movement patterns of Candy Darter as well as the spatial distribution of parent-offspring pairs, which may be useful for selecting collection sites in source populations to be used for translocation or reintroductions. Our results highlight the importance of documenting species movement patterns and spatial distributions of related individuals as steps toward understanding population dynamics and informing translocation strategies. We also demonstrate that the reproductive longevity of this species is greater than previously described, which may be the case for other small stream fishes.
Maynard, L.D., W.M. Ford, J.D. Parker, and S.R. Whitehead. 2023. Biotic and abiotic factors shaping bat activity in Maryland soybean fields. Ecosphere https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4575	July 2023
Mattson, K. M., and P. L. Angermeier. 2007. Integrating human impacts and ecological integrity into a risk-based protocol for conservation planning. Environmental Management 39: 125-138.	January 2007
Matocq, M.D., E.A. Hunter, P.J. Murphy, and K.T. Shoemaker. 2024. Increased admixture and reproductive interference as a consequence of climate-induced changes in mate availability. Evolution DOI:10.1093/evolut/qpae110	August 2024
Martin, Z.P., P.L. Angermeier, S. Ciparis, D.J. Orth. 2021. Coal-mining intensity influences species and trait distributions of stream fishes in two Central Appalachian watersheds. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 30: 347-365. DOI:10.1111/eff.12588. \| Abstract	February 2021	Documenting responses of biotic assemblages to coal-mining impacts is crucial to informing regulatory and reclamation actions. However, attributing biotic patterns to specific stressors is difficult given the dearth of pre-impact studies and prevalence of confounding factors. Analyzing species distributions and abundances, especially stratified by species traits, provides insights into how assemblage composition shifts occur. We evaluated stream habitats and fish assemblages along a mining intensity gradient in 83 headwater (2nd- and 3rd-order) streams of the upper Clinch and Powell river basins in Virginia. Our multivariate gradient (MINE.PC1) was based on percentages of watershed area covered by surface mine, underground mine, and valley fill to represent spatial variance in mining intensity. MINE.PC1 was positively correlated with conductivity and percentage of substrate as cobble. Forty fish-assemblage metrics were analyzed via boosted regression trees to assess assemblage responses to mining intensity, while accounting for environmental variation and spatial structure among sites. Conductivity and MINE.PC1 were strongly negatively related to occurrences of Fantail Darter (Etheostoma flabellare) and sculpin (Cottus) spp. Several taxonomic, trophic, and reproductive metrics of assemblage composition responded strongly to mining intensity or its instream correlates. For example, coal mining favored omnivore-herbivores, but inhibited invertivores, simple lithophils, and nonsimple nonlithophils. We revealed distinct threshold responses to mining-related stressors, which suggest changes to macroinvertebrate prey availability and/or contaminant loads contribute to fish extirpations in coalfield streams. Future assessments of mining impacts on fish assemblages could be more instructive by including characterizations of physicochemical stressors and regionally-calibrated biotic metrics with demonstrated sensitivity to mining.
Mair, R., J. Jones, R. J. Neves, S. Ahlstedt, and S. Bakaletz. 2003. Propagation and culture of endangered juveniles freshwater mussels in the Big South Fork Cumberland River. Virginia Journal of Science 54(2):101.	August 2003
Loope, K.J., R.A. Cozad, D.B. Breakfield, M.J. Aresco, and E.A. Hunter. 2024. Unexpected effect of geographic origin on post-translocation survival in a long-lived reptile. Animal Conservation DOI: 10.1111/acv.12946.	June 2024
Loope, K.J., J.N. Desha, K.T. Shoemaker, M.J. Aresco, and E.A. Hunter. 2024. Common garden experiment reveals outbreeding depression and region-of-origin effects on reproductive success in a frequently translocated tortoise. Animal Conservation. DOI: 10.1111/acv.12977	August 2024
Loope, K.J., J.N. DeSha, G.R. Lawson, and E.A. Hunter. 2021. Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise) Twinning. Herpetological Review 52:846-847.	March 2022
Loope, K.J., D.C. Rostal, M.A. Walden, K.T. Shoemaker, and E.A. Hunter. 2022. A comparison of non-surgical methods for sexing young gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus). PeerJ: e13599.	May 2022
Lituma, C.M, J.J. Cox, S. Spears, J.W. Edwards, J. De La Cruz, L.I. Mueller and W.M Ford. 2020. Terrestrial wildlife in the post-mined landscape: status and opportunities. Pages 135-166 in: C. Zipper and J. Skousen (eds). Ecology and Management of Appalachian Coal-Mined Landscapes. Springer Publishing. \| Abstract	December 2020	Coal mining has been one of many anthropogenic stressors that have impacted terrestrial and semi-aquatic wildlife and their habitats in the Appalachian Plateau since European settlement of the region. Creation of large grassland and early-successional habitats resulting from mining in a largely forested landscape has resulted in novel, non-analog habitat conditions throughout the Appalachian Plateau. Depending on the taxa, extent of mining at the local and landscape level, and reclamation practices, effects have ranged across a gradient of wholly negative to positive. Forest-obligate species such as woodland salamanders and forest-interior birds and/or those that depend on aquatic systems for part or all of their life cycle have been most affected. Others, such as grassland and early-successional bird species have responded favorably. Some bat species, for example, as an unintended consequence, can use legacy deep mines as winter hibernacula in a region with limited Karst geology. Recovery and recolonization of impacted wildlife that often depends not only on life strategies and species’ vagility, but also on the altered or arrest successional processes on the post-surface mine landscape. Forest-obligate species will benefit from Forest Reclamation Approach practices going forward. In the future, managers will be faced with decisions about reforestation versus maintaining open habitats depending on the conservation need of species considered. Lastly, the post-mined landscape currently is the focal point for a region-wide effort to reintroduce and restore elk (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in the Appalachian region.
Liberty, A. J., and R. J. Neves. Determining a suitable substrate size and sampling frequency for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Virginia Journal of Science Vol 56(1).	August 2005
Liberty, A. J., B. J. Ostby, and R. J. Neves. 2007. Determining a suitable substrate size and sampling frequency for rearing juvenile rainbow mussels Villosa iris. North American Journal of Aquaculture 69:44-52.	March 2007
Lee, D., and M. Vaughan. 2005. Yearling and subadult black bear survival in a hunted Virginia population. Journal of Wildlife Management 69(4):1641-1651.	April 2006
Lee, D., and M. Vaughan. 2003. Dispersal movements by subadult black bears in Virginia. Ursus 14:162-170.	November 2003
Lee, D., and M. R. Vaughan. 2004. Black bear family breakup in western Virginia. Northeastern Naturalist 11:111-122.	June 2004
Lapointe, N.W.R., R.K. Saylor, and P.L. Angermeier. 2019. Diel feeding and movement activity of Northern Snakehead (Channa argus). Proceedings of 1st International Snakehead Symposium. American Fisheries Symposium 89: 69-81 \| Abstract	December 2019	Understanding the diel activity of a species can shed light on potential interactions with other species and inform management practices. To understand the diel activity of Northern Snakehead <i>Channa argus</i>, feeding habits and movement patterns were observed. Two hundred seventy-three Northern Snakehead were captured by boat electrofishing during May and June of 2007 and 2008. Their gut contents were extracted and preserved. The level of digestion of each prey item was estimated from fresh (1) to >50% digested (4) or empty (5). Random forest models were used to predict feeding activity based on time of day, tide level, date, water temperature, fish total length, and sex. Diel movement patterns were assessed by implanting Northern Snakehead with radio transmitters and monitoring them every 1.5 hours for 24 hours in both March and July 2007. Movement rates were compared between March and July and among four daily time periods. Independent variables accounted for only 6% of the variation in feeding activity; however, temporal feeding patterns were apparent. No fresh items were observed in guts between 12:30 and 7:30 am, and the proportion of empty stomachs increased at the end of May coinciding with the onset of the spawning season. Overall, fish moved greater distances during the July tracking period compared to March. Fish showed a greater propensity to move during daylight hours than at night during the March tracking period. A similar but non-significant (<i>P</i> > 0.05) pattern was observed in July. Movement and feeding data both indicated greater activity during daylight hours than at night, suggesting that Northern Snakehead is a diurnal species. Based on our preliminary findings, we hypothesize that a) diurnal species are more susceptible than nocturnal species to predation by Northern Snakehead and b) Northern Snakehead are more likely to compete for food with diurnal than nocturnal predators.
Lapointe, N.W.R., P.L. Fuller, M. Neilson, B.R. Murphy, and P.L. Angermeier. 2016. Pathways of fish invasions in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Management of Biological Invasions 7(3): 221-233.	July 2016
Lapointe, N.W.R., J.T. Thorson, and P.L. Angermeier. 2012. Relative roles of natural and anthropogenic drivers of watershed invasibility in riverine ecosystems. Biological Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-012-0204-2.	October 2012
Lapointe, N.W.R., J.T. Thorson, and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Seasonal meso- and microhabitat selection by northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac River system. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 19:566-577.	October 2010
Lapointe, N.W.R., J. S. Odenkirk, and P.L. Angermeier. 2013. Seasonal movement, dispersal, and home range of Northern Snakehead Channa argus (Actinopterygii, Perciformes) in the Potomac River catchment. Hydrobiologia 709: 73-87	July 2013
Lapointe, N., R. Pendleton, and P. Angermeier. 2012. A comparison of approaches for estimating relative impacts of nonnative fishes. environmental management 49: 82-95	February 2012
Lane, V.R., R.P. Simmons, K.J. Brunjes, J.C. Kilgo, T.B. Harrington, R.F. Daniels, W.M. Ford and K.V. Miller. 2013. Effects of precommercial thinning and midstory control on avian and small mammal communities during longleaf pine savanna restoration. Pages 478-488 in A.G. Kelly, K.F. Conner and J.D Haywood (Eds). Proceedings of the 17th Biennial Southern Silviculture Research Conference. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report SRS-203. Asheville NC. 551 p. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	October 2013	Restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) savanna is a goal of many southern land managers, and longleaf plantations may provide a mechanism for savanna restoration. However, the effects of silvicultural treatments used in the management of longleaf pine plantations on wildlife communities are relatively unknown. Beginning in 1994, we examined effects of longleaf pine restoration with plantation silviculture on avian and small mammal communities using four treatments in four 8-11 year old plantations within the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Treatments included prescribed burning every 3-5 years, plus: 1) no additional treatment (burn-only control), 2) precommercial thinning, 3) non-pine woody control with herbicides, and 4) combined thinning and woody control. We surveyed birds (1996-2003) using 50m point counts and small mammals with removal trapping. Thinning and woody control alone had short-lived effects on avian communities, and the combination treatment increased avian parameters over the burn-only control in all years. Small mammal abundance showed similar trends as avian abundance for all three treatments when compared with the burn-only control, but only for two years post-treatment. Both avian and small mammal communities were temporarily enhanced by controlling woody vegetation with chemicals in addition to prescribed fire and thinning. Therefore, precommercial thinning in longleaf plantations, particularly when combined with woody control and prescribed fire, may benefit early successional avian and small mammal communities by developing stand conditions more typical of natural longleaf stands maintained by periodic fire.
Lamouroux, N., N. L. Poff and P. L. Angermeier. 2002. Convergence of stream fish community traits in France and Virginia (USA) along geomorphic and hydraulic gradients. Ecology 83:1792-1807.	August 2002
Kondolf, G. M., P. L. Angermeier, K. Cummins, T. Dunne, M. Healey, W. Kimmerer, P. B. Moyle, D. Murphy, D. Patten, S. Railsback, D. J. Reed, R. Spies, and R. Twiss. 2008. Projecting cumulative benefits of multiple river restoration projects: an example from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system in California. Environmental Management 42: 933-945	June 2009
Kolodzinski, J.J., L.V. Tannebaum, D.A. Osborn, M.C. Conner, W.M. Ford and K.V. Miller. 2010. Effects of GPS sampling intensity on home range analyses. Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 64:13-17.	October 2010
Kniowski, A.B. and W.M. Ford. 2018. Spatial Patterns of White-tailed Deer Herbivory in the Central Appalachian Mountains. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.190:248 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6627-1*	June 2018
Kniowski, A.B. and W.M. Ford. 2017. Predicting intensity of white-tailed deer herbivory in the central Appalachian Mountains. Journal of Forestry Research DOI 10.1007/s11676-017-0476-6. 10 p.	May 2017
Klenzendorf, S. A., and M. R. Vaughan. 1999. An overview of brown bear management in six European countries. Ursus 11:163-178	January 2001
Klenzendorf, S. A., M. R. Vaughan, and D. D. Martin. 2002. Den-type use and fidelty of American black bears in Virginia. Ursus 13:39-44.	March 2003
Klenzendorf, S. A., D. A. Lee, and M. R. Vaughan. 2004. Crotalus horridus defense and black bear death. Herpteological Review 35:61-62.	April 2004
Karen E. Powers , Richard J. Reynolds , Wil Orndorff, W. Mark Ford. 2015. Post-White-nose Syndrome Trends in Virginia’s Cave Bats, 2008-2013 Journal of Ecology and Natural Environment 6:56-64 \| Abstract	April 2015	Since its February 2009 detection in Virginia hibernacula, the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans (P.d.) has had a marked impact on cave bats in the Commonwealth. From 2008-2013, we documented these impacts through fall swarm, early hibernation, and late hibernation surveys at 15 hibernacula in western Virginia. We coupled these surveys with biennial winter hibernacula counts in 2009, 2011, and 2013. To estimate percent declines in bat presence or relative activity, we used fall swarm capture per-unit-effort data, and the winter hibernacula absolute counts. To examine a metric that could serve as a proxy for health, we compared individual measures of body mass index (BMI) across years for fall swarm, early hibernation, and late hibernation/spring staging. We captured 4,524 bats of eight species, with species-specific capture success declining by 75-100% in some hibernacula since 2008. Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) were hardest-hit, by measure of winter hibernacula counts (AVG. = 99.0% decrease in counts), while tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus; 89.5% decline) and Indiana bats (M. sodalis; 33.5% decline) also have been markedly impacted. Graphical analyses of captures-per-trap-hour in fall swarm showed some conservative patterns in decline for little brown bats, tri-colored bats, and northern long-eared bats (M. septentrionalis), but suggest a modest rebound for Indiana bats in recent years. Fall swarm trends in BMI suggested some drops in the metric post-presumed-P.d. exposure, but these trends did not hold across both sexes or across seasonal time blocks. Lower densities of little brown bats and individuals persisting in caves with P.d. for multiple years may suggest a competitive advantage for the few survivors. However, our inconclusive BMI metrics and little brown bat band recovery data do not support this theory. Lesser (but still apparent) declines in Indiana bat numbers mirrors trends seen elsewhere in the mid-Atlantic and the Northeast, and band recoveries suggest long-lived individuals persisting. Given that some sites were P.d.-positive for just one year by the conclusion of this study, we emphasize that continued surveys in this region are necessary to ascertain long-term effects in P.d. Additional surveys will determine if populations in these hibernacula will persist or face extirpation due to presumed low recruitment and survivorship.
Kalen, N.J., M.S. Muthersbaugh, J.B. Johnson, A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2022. Northern long-eared bats in the Central Appalachians following white-nose syndrome: failed maternity colonies? Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 9: 159-167	March 2022
K, R. Mahoney, K. R. Russell, W. M.Ford , J.L. Rodrigue, J.D. Riddle, T.M. Schuler and M.B. Adams. 2015. Woodland salamander responses to a shelterwood harvest-prescribed burn silvicultural treatment within Appalachian mixed-oak forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 359:277-285 \| Abstract	January 2016	Forest management practices, including prescribed fire and timber harvests that mimic natural canopy disturbances reduce competition from non-oak woody plants, allow release of oak (Quercus spp.) advance regeneration, and facilitate establishment of new oak seedlings or stump sprouts. However, with the absence of fire in the central Appalachian region for almost a century, responses of woodland salamanders to timber removal coupled with prescribed fire in these deciduous forests are relatively unknown. The purpose of our research was to determine woodland salamander responses to previously burned shelterwood harvested stands in a West Virginia mesophitic mixed-oak forest. Woodland salamanders were surveyed using coverboard arrays in May, July, and August–September 2011 and 2012. Surveys were conducted within fenced shelterwood (prescribed fires, shelterwood harvest, and fencing to prevent white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus] herbivory), shelterwood (prescribed fires and shelterwood harvest), and control (neither prescribed fire nor shelterwood harvest) plots. Relative abundance of salamanders was modeled in relation to habitat variables measured within treatments for mountain dusky salamanders (Desmognathus ochrophaeus), slimy salamanders (Plethodon glutinosus), and red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). Mountain dusky salamander relative abundance was positively associated with canopy cover and there were significantly more individuals within controls than either shelterwood or fenced shelterwood treatments. Conversely, habitat variables associated with slimy salamanders and red-backed salamanders did not differ among treatments. Overall, the woodland salamander assemblage remained relatively intact throughout the shelterwood-burn management practice compared to previous research within the same study area that examined pre-harvest fire effects. However, because of the multi-faceted complexities of this specific forest management technique, continued research is warranted that evaluates long-term, additive impacts on woodland salamanders within managed central Appalachian deciduous forests because of the multi-faceted complexities of this specific forest management technique.
Jorge, M.H., W.M. Ford, S.E. Sweeten, S.R. Freeze, M.C. True, M. J. St. Germain, H.Taylor, K.M. Gorman¹, M. J. Cherry, and E.P. Garrison. 2021. Winter Roost Selection of Lasiurine Tree Bats in a Pyric Landscape. PLoS ONE 16(2): e0245695. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245695	February 2021
Jorge, M.H., S.E. Sweeten, M.C. True, S.R. Freeze, M.J. Cherry, E.P. Garrison, H. Taylor, K.M. Gorman and W.M. Ford. 2021. Fire, land cover and temperature drivers of bat activity in the winter. International Journal of Fire Ecology. (2021) 17:19 /doi.org/10.1186/s42408-021-00105-4	June 2021
Jones, M.D., L.L. Smith, K.G. Richardson, J.N. Desha, T. Castellon, D. Hipes, A. Kalfin, N.T. Halstead, and E.A. Hunter. 2023. Simulation modeling to assess line transect distance sampling under a range of translocation scenarios. Journal of Wildlife Management 14: 385-399.	December 2023
Jones, M.D., A. Larsen-Gray, S.P. Prisley, H.L. Munro, and E.A. Hunter. 2024. HabplanR: A multi-objective approach for timber harvest scheduling to include management of at-risk species and spatial configuration objectives. PLoS ONE 19:e0302640.	October 2024
Jones, J. W., and R. J. Neves. 2007. Freshwater mussel status: upper North Fork Holston River, Virginia. Northearstern Naturalist 14 (3):471-480.	August 2007
Jones, J. W., and R. J. Neves. 2004. Life history and propagation of the endangered dromedary pearly mussel (Dromus dromas) (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 23(3):515-525.	August 2004
Jones, J. W., and R. J. Neves. 2002. Life history and propagation of the endangered fanshell pearlymussel(Cyprogenia stegaria Rafinesque) (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Journal of the North American Benthological Society 21(1):76-88.	April 2002
Jones, J. W., R. J. Neves, S. A. Ahlstedt and E. M. Hallerman. 2006. A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered species, the oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis and tan riffleshell Epioblasma florentina walkeri (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies 72:267-283.	August 2006
Jones, J. W., R. J. Neves, M. A. Patterson, C. R. Good, and A. DiVittorio. 2001. A status survey of freshwater mussel populations in the upper Clinch River, Tazewell County, Virginia. Banisteria 17: 20-30.	October 2001
Jones, J. W., R. A. Mair, and R. J. Neves. 2005. Factors affecting survival and growth of juvenile freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems. North American Journal of Aquaculture 67:210-220.	July 2005
Jones, J. W., M. Culver, V. David, J. Struthers, N. Johnson, R. J. Neves, S. J. O'Brien, and E. M. Hallerman. 2004. Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in the endangered oystermussel Epioblasma capsaeformis (Bivalvia Unionidae). Molecular Ecology Notes 10:1-4.	April 2004
Jones, J. W., E. Hallerman, and R. J. Neves. 2006. Genetic management guidelines for captive propagation of freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Journal of Shellfish Research 25(2):527-535.	August 2006
Johnson, J.B., W.M. Ford, J.W. Edwards, J.L. Rodrigue and C.L. Johnson. 2010. Indiana bat day-roosts in burned areas in the central Appalachians. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 1:111-121.	October 2010
Johnson, J.B., W.M. Ford and J.W. Edwards. 2012. Roost networks of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) in a managed landscape. Forest Ecology and Management	January 2012
Johnson, J.B., W.M. Ford and J.L. Rodrigue. 2012. Effects of acoustical deterrents on foraging bats. USDA Forest USDA Forest Service Research Note NRS-129. 5 p.	March 2012
Johnson, J.B., M.A. Menzel, J.W. Edwards, W.M. Ford and J.T. Petty 2010. Spatial and predictive foraging models for gray bats in northwest Georgia. Proceedings of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 64:61-67.	October 2010
Johnson, J.B., J.W. Edwards and W.M. Ford. 2012. Nocturnal activity patterns of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) druing the maternity season in West Virginia (USA). Acta Chiropterologica 13:391-397	January 2012
Johnson, J.B., J.L. Rodgrigue and W.M. Ford. 2013. Nightly and yearly bat activity before and after white-nose syndrome on the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, Tucker County, USA. USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Research Paper NRS-Res Pap 24. 17 p. \| Abstract	November 2013	In the central Appalachians, conservation concern about bat communities and their population status had become increasingly more significant with the advent and spread of white-nose syndrome (WNS). However, managers often are hampered in their response to WNS because of the lack pre-WNS local distribution, abundance or activity patterns for most bat species. At the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF), Tucker County, West Virginia where bat research has been ongoing since the mid-1990s, we acoustically monitored bat activity a total of 20 nights each at four sites for four years; three years before and one year after WNS was detected locally to better assess those local patterns. Within sampling nights, activity of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) peaked directly after sunset and declined throughout the night, whereas little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) and Indiana myotis (Myotis sodalis) activity had a unimodal distribution that peaked in the middle of the night. Activity of many bat species differed among sample sites, and was highest at a small, artificial pond located on a dry ridgetop. Activity of little brown myotis, northern myotis, and Indiana myotis was lower post-WNS than pre-WNS, consistent with the species’ precipitous declines previously reported in WNS affected areas in the Northeast and upper portions of the mid-Atlantic.
Johnson, J.B., J.H. Roberts, T.L. King, J.W. Edwards, W.M. Ford and D.A. Ray. 2013. Genetic Structuring of Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) at Multiple Spatial Scales. ActaTherologica. 59:223-231	April 2014
Jiao, Y., N. Lapointe, P.L. Angermeier, and B. Murphy. 2009. Hierarchical demographic approaches for assessing invasion dynamics of non-indigenous species: an example using northern snakehead (Channa argus). Ecological Modelling 220: 1681-1689.	June 2009
Jacobson, P. J., K. M. Jacobson, P. L. Angermeier, and D. S. Cherry. October 2000. Hydrological influences on soil properties along ephemeral rivers in the Namib desert. Journal of Arid Environments 45: 21-34.	October 2000
Jacobson, P. J., K. M. Jacobson, P. L. Angermeier, and D. S. Cherry. 2000. Variation in material transport and water chemistry along a large ephemeral river in the Namib Desert. Freshw. Biol. 44:481-491.	January 2000
Jacobson, P. J., K. M. Jacobson, P. L. Angermeier, and D. S. Cherry. 1999. Transport, retention, and ecological significance of woody debris within a large ephemeral river. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 18:429-444.	November 1999
Jachowski, D.S., R. Slotow, P.L. Angermeier, and J. Millspaugh. 2016. The future of animal reintroduction. Chapter 15 in D.S. Jachowski, J. Millspaugh, P.L. Angermeier, and R. Slotow, editors. Reintroduction of fish and wildlife populations. University of California Press, Oakland, CA.	October 2016
Jachowski, D.S., J.J. Millspaugh, P.L. Angermeier, and R. Slotow, editors. 2016. Reintroduction of fish and wildlife populations. University of California Press, Oakland, CA. 395 pp.	October 2016
Jachowski, D.S., J.B. Johnson, C.A. Dobony, J.W. Edwards and W.M. Ford. 2014. Space Use and Resource Selection by Foraging Indiana Bats at Their Northern Distribution. Endangered Species Research 24:149-157	June 2014
Jachowski, D.S., C.T. Rota, C. Dobony, W.M. Ford and J.W. Edwards. 2016. Seeing the Forest through the Trees: Considering Roost-Site Selection at Multiple Spatial Scales.PLoS ONE 11(3): e0150011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150011	March 2016
Jachowski, D.S., C.M.B. Jachowski, and W.M. Ford 2014. Is white-nose syndrome causing insectivory release and altering ecosystem function in the eastern US? Bat Research News 55:21-24	October 2014
Jachowski, D.S., C.A. Dobony, L.S. Coleman, W.M. Ford, E.R. Britzke, and J.L. Rodrigue. 2014. Disease and community assemblage: white-nose syndrome alters spatial and temporal niche partitioning in sympatric bat species. Diversity and Distributions 20:1002- 1015 \| Abstract	April 2014	Species composition in ecological communities, or community assemblage, is driven by resource competition and stochastic processes. Emerging infectious diseases present a major perturbation with apparent direct effects such as reduced population density, extirpation and/or extinction. However, little is known about the potential indirect effects of disease that likely alter community assemblages and larger ecosystem function. Considerable evidence exists concerning niche partitioning in sympatric bat species, and the unprecedented, rapid decline in multiple species may provide an opportunity to observe a dramatic restructuring of the community assemblage. Since 2006, white-nose syndrome (WNS) has resulted in the loss of over 6 million hibernating bats in eastern North America. Acoustical monitoring during 2003-2011 allowed us to test the hypothesis that spatial and temporal niche partitioning by bats was relaxed post-WNS. We detected 9 bat species pre- and post-WNS. Activity by almost all species declined post-WNS. Dramatic post-WNS declines in activity of little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus, MYLU), formerly one of the most abundant bat species, were associated with complex, often species-specific responses by other species that generally favored increased spatial and temporal overlap with MYLU. Collectively, in addition to the obvious direct effects of disease on bat populations and activity levels, our results provide evidence that disease can alter community assemblage through the relaxation of both temporal and spatial niche partitioning. Recent occurrence of WNS in North America, combined with multiple existing stressors, is resulting in dramatic shifts in bat community assemblage. These changes may influence long-term bat species population viability and the broader concern of ecosystem structure and function.
Jachowski, D,S. T. Katzner, J.L. Rodrigue and W.M. Ford. 2014 Citizen science camera trap networks as a tool to monitor landscape-level distribution and phenology of migratory raptors. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 1-11; DOI:10.1002/wsb.571.	August 2015
Irvine, K.M., K.M. Baner, C. Stratton , W.M. Ford and B.E. Reichert. 2022. Statistical assessment on determining localized bat species presence for rare species. Ecosphere. doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4142 .	June 2022
Inman, K. H., and M. R. Vaughan. 2002. Hunter effort and success rates of hunting bears with hounds in Virginia. Ursus 13:223-33.	March 2003
Ingersoll, C. G., T. Augsperger, C. Barnhart, G. Cope, J. Dwyer, C. Bishop, R. J. Neves, T. Newton, A. Roberts, and N. Wang. 2005. Standard guide for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels. ASTM Designation E2455-05. 51 pp.	November 2005
Hzyz, B., R.E. Russell, A. Silvis, W.M. Ford, J. Riddle and K. Russell. 2020. Occupancy of Northern long-eared bats in the Lake States Region. Wildlife Society Bulletin https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1138	December 2020
Hyzy, B., R.E. Russell, A. Silvis, W.M. Ford, J. Riddle, and K. Russell. 2020. Investigating maternity roost selection of Northern long-eared bats at three sites in Wisconsin. Endangered Species Research. 41:55-65.	January 2020
Hyde, O., A. Silvis, E. Hallerman, W.M. Ford and E.R. Britzke. 2016. Relatedness within and among Myotis septentrionalis colonies at a local scale. Canadian Journal of Zoology 97:724-735	July 2019
Huth, John K.; Silvis, Alexander; Moosman, Paul R. Jr.; Ford, W. Mark; and Sweeten, Sara. 2017. "A Comparison of Survey Methods for Documenting Presence of Myotis leibii (Eastern Small-Footed Bats) at Roosting Areas in Western Virginia," Virginia Journal of Science: Vol. 66 : No. 4 , Article 3.	June 2017
Hunter, E.A., K.J. Loope, K.K. Drake, K. Hanley, D.N. Jones, Jr., K.T. Shoemaker, and D.C. Rostal. 2021. Warming conditions boost reproductive output for a northern gopher tortoise population. Endangered Species Research 46:215-226. \| Abstract	December 2021	The effects of climate change on at-risk species will depend on how life history processes respond to climate and whether the seasonal timing of local climate changes overlap with species-specific windows of climate sensitivity. For long-lived, iteroparous species like gopher tortoises (<i>Gopherus polyphemus</i>), reproductive processes are more likely to be climate-sensitive than adult survival. Our objective was to estimate the timing, magnitude, and direction of climate-driven effects on gopher tortoise reproductive output using a 25-year dataset collected in southeastern Georgia, USA, near the northern edge of the species’ range. We assessed the timing of climate effects on reproductive output (both probability of reproduction and clutch size) by fitting models with climate covariates (maximum temperature, precipitation, and temperature range) summarized at all possible time intervals (at one-month increments) within the 24-month period prior to the summer census date. We then fit a final model of reproductive output as a function of the identified climate variables and time windows using a Bayesian mixture model. Probability of reproduction was positively correlated with the prior year’s April-May maximum temperature, and clutch size was positively correlated with the prior year’s June maximum temperature. April-May and June maximum temperatures have increased over the past three decades at the study site, which likely led to an increase in clutch size of approximately 1 egg (15% increase over mean 6.5 eggs). However, the net effect of climate change on gopher tortoise population dynamics will depend on whether there are opposing or reinforcing climate responses for other demographic rates.
Hunter, E.A., A. Dwire, and T.M. Schneider. 2022. Demography and site fidelity of a grassland bird, the Henslow's Sparrow, in powerline right-of-way habitat. Journal of Field Ornithology 93:art9.	March 2022
Hunter, E.A. and D.C. Rostal. 2021. Fire management effects on long-term gopher tortoise population dynamics. Journal of Wildlife Management 85:654-664. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22033	May 2021
Hull, M. S., D. S. Cherry, and R. J. Neves. 2005. Use of bivalve metrics to quantify influences of coal-related activities in the Clinch River watershed, Virginia. Hydrobiologia 556:341-355.	December 2005
Hull, M. S., D. S. Cherry, R. J. Soucek, D. J. Currie and R. J. Neves. Comparison of Asian clam bioassays and benthic community surveys in quantifying effects of a coal-fired power plant effluent on Clinch River biota. Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery 9:271-283.	September 2003
Hua, D., and R. J. Neves. 2007. Captive survival and pearl culture potential of the pink heelsplitter Potamilus alatus. North American Journal of Aquaculture 69:147-158	June 2007
Howeth, J.G., C.A. Gantz, P.L. Angermeier, E. A. Frimpong, M. Hoff, R.P. Keller, N.E. Mandrak, M.P. Marchetti, J.D. Olden, C.M. Romagosa, and D.M. Lodge. 2016. Predicting invasiveness of species in trade: climate match, trophic guild, and fecundity influence establishment and impact of nonnative freshwater fishes Diversity and Distributions 22: 148–160.	July 2016
Hitt, N.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2011. Fish community and bioassessment responses to stream network position. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 30:296-309.	January 2011
Hitt, N.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2008. River-stream connectivity affects fish bioassessment performance. Environmental Management 42: 132-150.	September 2008
Hitt, N. P., and P. L. Angermeier. 2008. River-stream connectivity affects fish bioassessment performance. Environmental Management 42: 132-150.	May 2008
Hitt, N. P., and P. L. Angermeier. 2008. Evidence for fish dispersal from spatial analysis of stream network topology. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 27(2):304-320.	September 2008
Hitt, N. P., and P. L. Angermeier. 2006. Effects of adjacent streams on local fish assemblage structure in western Virginia: implications for biomonitoring. American Fisheries Society Symposium 48: 75-86.	January 2006
Hirschler, M., A. Villamagna, P.L. Angermeier, and E. Laflamme. 2024. Deposited sediment influences occurrence of functional traits of stream fishes. Ecology of Freshwater Fish https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/eff.12768. \| Abstract	May 2024	Aim: To better understand stream-fish sensitivity to fine sediment, we documented assemblage-wide responses by selected traits along a sedimentation gradient. We then discuss the management implications of these “dose-response” relations in the contexts of biotic assessments and conservation of sediment-sensitive species.<br>Location: We identified a spatial gradient in sediment deposition among streams within the upper Piedmont of the Roanoke River basin in North Carolina and Virginia.<br>Methods: We assessed fine-sediment sensitivity of 81 species based on eight species traits stratified by four attributes: food preference, feeding location, spawning substrate, and spawning behavior. We then ranked each trait and scored each species with respect to its sediment sensitivity. Using data from electrofishing surveys during 2018 – 2019, we calculated proportional abundances of traits observed at 30 sites throughout the study area and grouped species by their aggregate sensitivity scores. We assessed relations between embeddedness and silt cover and occurrences of species and traits using a combination of regression and ordination approaches.<br>Results: All traits tested responded to embeddedness or silt cover, or both. Feeding traits exhibited the strongest responses to embeddedness, while reproductive traits exhibited the strongest responses to silt cover. Our findings indicate that negative responses of the probability of presence for high-sensitivity traits to embeddedness and silt cover were linear, with no apparent thresholds. Additionally, proportional abundances of species with multiple high-sensitivity traits were inversely related to embeddedness and silt cover. Overall, our findings regarding population-level responses to sedimentation were consistent with our findings for trait-specific responses.<br>Main Conclusions: Our analysis of species sensitivity to fine sediment corroborated the patterns we saw in our trait-specific analyses, indicating that population responses to sedimentation can be predicted from combinations of species traits. The “dose-response” relations we documented may be applicable to managing sediment impacts on fishes, especially in the contexts of biotic assessments and conservation of sediment-sensitive species.
Hilling, C. D., Y. Jiao, M. C. Fabrizio, P. L. Angermeier, A. J. Bunch, R. S. Greenlee, and D. J. Orth. 2023. A size-based stock assessment model for monitoring invasive Blue Catfish in a Chesapeake Bay subestuary. Fisheries Management and Ecology 30:70-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12601.	February 2023
Higdon, S.D., C.A. Diggins, M.J. Cherry and W.M. Ford. 2019. Proactive anti-predator behavior of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during fawning season in the Southern Appalachians. Journal of Ethology https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-019-00599-1	May 2019
Henley, W. F., and R. J. Neves. 2001. Behavioral responses of glochidia of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) to chemical cues of fish. American Malacological Bulletin 16 (1/2): 131-135.	October 2001
Henley, W. F., and R. J. Neves. 1999. Recovery status of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the North Fork Holston River, Virginia. American Malacological Bulletin 15(1):65-73.	November 1999
Henley, W. F., R. J. Neves, T. Caceci, and R. G. Saacke. 2007. Anatomical descriptions and comparisons of the reproductive tracts of Utterbackia imbecillis and Villosa iris (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 50 (1):1-12.	September 2007
Henley, W. F., P. J. Grobler, and R. J. Neves. 200. Non-invasive method to obtain DNA from freshwater mussels. Journal of Shellfish Research 25(3):975-977.	January 2007
Henley, W. F., L. L. Zimmerman, and R. J. Neves. 2001. Design and evaluation of recirculating water systems for maintenance and propagation of freshwater mussels. North American Journal of Aquaculture 63: 144-155.	May 2001
Hellgren, E. C., and M. R. Vaughan. 2000. Ecology, conservation and management of black bears in the Great Dismal Swamp. Pages 222-231 in R. Rose, editor, The Natural History of the Great Dismal Swamp. Omni Press, Madison, WI.	January 2000
Helfrich, L. A., R. J. Neves, and J. Parkhurst. 2003. Sustaining America's aquatic biodiversity: a teacher's guide. Virginia Cooperative Extension 420-532. 70 pp.	December 2003
Harper, C.A., W.M. Ford, M.A. Lashley, C.E. Moorman, and M. Stanbaugh. 2016. Fire effects on wildlife in Central Hardwoods and Appalachian regions. Fire Ecology. 12:127-159	June 2016
Hanlon, S., and R. J. Neves. 2005. Seasonal growth and mortality of juveniles of Lampsilis fasciola (Bivalvia: Unionidae) released to a fish hatchery raceway. American Malacological Bulletin 21:45-49.	January 2006
Guyot, J. A., and R. J. Neves. Identification of suitable host fishes for the endangered Cumberland elktoe freshwater mussel (Alasmidonta atropurpurea)(Unionidae: Bivalvia). Virginia Journal of Science Vol 56(1).	August 2005
Grobler, P. J., J. W. Jones, N. A. Johnson, B. Beaty, J. Struthers, R. J. Neves, and E. M. Hallerman. 2005. Patterns of genetic differentiation and conservation of the slabside pearlymussel, Lexingtonia dolabelloides (Lea, 1840) in the Tennessee River drainage. Journal of Molluscan Studies: 1-12.	August 2005
Grimshaw, J.R., D. Donner, R. Perry, W.M. Ford, A. Silvis, C.J. Garcia, R.D. Stevns and D.A. Ray. 2024. Disentangling genetic diversity of Myotis septentrionalis: population structure, demographic history, and effective population size. Journal of Mammalogy 105: 854–864 \| Download	July 2024
Gray, R. M., M. R. Vaughan, and S. L. McMullen. 2004. Feeding wild black bears in Virginia: a survey of bear hunters, 1998-99. Ursus 15 (2): 188-196.	November 2004
Govenor, H., L.A.H. Krometis, L. Willis, P.L. Angermeier, and W.C. Hession. 2019. Macroinvertebrate sensitivity thresholds for sediment in Virginia streams. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 15: 77-92. DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4086.	December 2018
Gorman, K.M., S.M. Deeley, E.L. Barr, S.R. Freeze, N. Kalen, M.S. Muthersbaugh, and W.M. Ford. 2022. Broad-scale geographic and temporal assessment of northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colony landscape association. Endangered Species Research 47:119-130.	February 2022
Gorman, K.M., E.L. Barr, T. Nocera and W.M. Ford. 2023. Network analysis of northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colony in a suburban forest patch. Journal of Urban Ecology 2023, 9(1), juad005. \| Download	May 2023
Gorman, K.M., E.L. Barr, T. Nocera and W.M. Ford. 2022. Characteristics of northern long-eared bat day-roosts in coastal New York. Northeastern Naturalist 29(2):153-170.	May 2022
Gorman, K, W.M. Ford, E.L. Barr and L. Ries. 2021. Bat Activity Patterns Relative to Temporal and Weather Correlates in a Temperate Coastal Environment. Global Ecology and Conservation 30: doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01769 13 p.	October 2021
Goodwin, K. R., and P. L. Angermeier. 2003. Demographic characteristics of American eel in the Potomac River drainage, Virginia. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132:525-537.	August 2003
Godfrey, C. L., K. Needhan, M. R. Vaughan, J. H. Vashon, D. D. Martin, and G. T. Blank, Jr. 2000. A technique for and risk associated with entering tree dens used by black bears. Wildlife Society Bulletin 28:131-140.	January 2000
Gilbert, E. R., E. A. Wong, M. R. Vaughan, K. E. Webb, Jr. 2007. Distribution and abundance of nutrient transporter mRNA in the intestinal tract of the black bear, Ursus americanus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 146:35-41.	January 2007
Gatenby, C. M., P. A. Morrison, R. J. Neves, and B. C. Parker. 2000. A protocol for the salvage and quarantine of unionid mussels from zebra mussel-infested waters. Proceedings of the Freshwater Musssel Symposium 9-18.	March 2000
Gatenby, C. M., D. M. Orcutt, D. A. Kreeger, B. C. Parker, V. A. Jones, R. J. Neves. 2003. Gross biochemical composition of four algae at different phases of growth. Journal of Applied Phycology 15:1-11.	April 2003
Gascho-Landis, A.M., N.W.R. Lapointe, and P.L. Angermeier. 2011. Individual growth and reproductive behavior in a newly established population of northern snakehead, Potomac River, USA. Hydrobiologia 661:123-131.	July 2011
Frimpong, E.A. and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Trait-based approaches in the analysis of stream fish communities. American Fisheries Society Symposium 73: 109-136.	January 2010
Frimpong, E.A. and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Comparative utility of selected frameworks for regionalizing fish- based bioassessment across the United States. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 139: 1872-1895.	December 2010
Frimpong, E.A. and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. Web-based FishTraits database; available at http://www.cnr.vt.edu/fisheries/fishtraits/, NASA Global Change data portal, and USGS National Biological Information Infrastructure websites.	January 2009
Frimpong, E.A. and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. FishTraits: a database of ecological and life-history traits of freshwater fishes of the United States. Fisheries (Bethesda) 34: 487-495.	April 2009
Freeze, S.R., M. Shirazi, N. Abaid, W.M. Ford, A. Silvis and D. Hakkenberg. 2021. Effects of Environmental Clutter on Synthesized Chiropteran Echolocation Signals in an Anechoic Chamber. Acoustics. 3:391–410 doi.org/10.3390/acoustics3020026	June 2021
Francl, K.E., W.M. Ford, D.W. Sparks and V. Brack. 2012. Capture and reproductive trends of summer bat communities in West Virginia: assessing the impacts of white-nose syndrome. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 3:33-42	June 2012
Ford. W.M., A. Silvis, J.L. Rodrigue, A. Kniowski and J.B. Johnson. 2016. Deriving habitat models for northern bats (Myotis septentrionalis) from historical detection data: A case study using long-term research on the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, USA. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7(1): 86-98 \| Abstract	June 2016	The proposed listing of the northern bat (Myotis septentrionalis) following it severe population declines from White-nose Syndrome (WNS) presents considerable challenges to natural resource managers. Because the northern bat is a forest habitat generalist and lacks previous research focus, development of effective conservation measures will depend on appropriate understanding of its habitat relationships. However, severely reduced population sizes make gathering data for such models difficult. As a result, historical data, including acoustic, capture, and radio-telemetry, may be essential in development of habitat models for the northern bat. To date, there has been little evaluation of how effective historical data may be in developing habitat models and it is unclear how models created using different types of bat presence data compare in output. We explored the effect of presence data type on model output by creating presence probability models for the northern bat on the Fernow Experimental Forest in the central Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia using a historical, presence-only dataset. Each presence data type produced outputs that were dissimilar from the other types but corresponded with known traits of the northern bat or are easily explained in the context of the particular data collection protocol involved. However, our results also highlight potential limitations of individual data types. For example, models from mist-net capture data only showed high probability of presence of northern bats along the dendritic network of riparian areas, an obvious artifact of sampling methodology. Development of ecological niche and presence models for northern bat populations would be highly valuable for resource managers. We caution, however, that these efforts should consider the substantial limitations of models derived solely from one data type.
Ford, W.M., J. De La Cruz, E.D. Thorne, A. Silvis, M.P. Armstrong, and R. Andrew King. 2024. Second guessing the maximum likelihood estimator values for bat surveys. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 11:177–184. \| Download	May 2024
Ford, W.M., E.R. Britzke, C.A. Dobony, J.L. Rodrigue and J.B. Johnson. 2012. Patterns of acoustical activity of bats prior to and following White-nose Syndrome occurrence. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 2:125-134	December 2011
Ford, W.M., E.D. Thorne, A. Silvis, E.L. Barr, M.P. Armstrong and R.A. King. 2023. Maximum likelihood estimator and nightly acoustic count values as weight of evidence of bat maternity activity. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 10:100–106.	March 2023
Ford, W.M., C.A. Dobony, D.S. Jachowski, L.S. Coleman, T. Nocera and E.R. Britzke. 2020. Case Study One: Acoustic Surveys at Fort Drum Military Installation – the Value of Long-term Monitoring. Pages 78-81in: E.E. Fraser, A. Silvis, R.M. Brigham and Z. Czenze (eds). Bat Echolocation Research: a Handbool for Planning Acoustics Studies. Bat Conservation International, Austin TX. 116 p.	May 2020
Ford, W.M., A. Silvis, J.B. Johnson, J.W. Edwards and M. Karp. 2016. Northern long-eared bat day-roosting and prescribed fire in the central Appalachians. Fire Ecology 12:13-27	June 2016
Ford WM, Kelly CA, Rodrigue JL, Odom RH, Newcomb D, Gilley LM, and Diggins CA 2014. Late winter and early spring home range and habitat use of the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel in western North Carolina. Endangered Species Research. 23:73-82. \| Abstract	January 2014	We radio-tracked 3 female and 2 male endangered Carolina northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) during late winter and early spring 2012 in the Mount Hardy area of the Pisgah National Forest in Haywood County, North Carolina. Over the survey period, northern flying squirrels used 13 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) and 9 red spruce (Picea rubens) as diurnal dens. Ten of the 13 yellow birch dens were located in the cavities whereas the remainders were dreys. Conversely, 8 of the red spruce dens were dreys and only one was located in a cavity. Mean female 95% adaptive kernel and 50% adaptive kernel home ranges were 6.50 + 2.19 ha and 0.93 + 0.33 ha whereas mean male 95% adaptive kernel and 50 % adaptive kernel home ranges were 12.6 + 0.9 ha and 1.45 + 0.1 ha, respectively. Carolina northern flying squirrels used red spruce-dominated stands with canopies > 20 m in height greater than expected based on availability at the landscape- and both 95% and 50% adaptive kernel home range-scales. Our results provide additional evidence that although hardwoods such as yellow birch are an important habitat component for denning, mature red spruce-dominated habitats with complex structure are preferred foraging habitats and also are used as denning habitat. These data support efforts to improve the structural condition of extant red spruce forests and/or increase overall red spruce acreage to potentially benefit northern flying squirrels.
Filipe, A.F., M.B. Araújo, I. Doadrio, P.L. Angermeier, and M.J. Collares-Pereira. 2009. Biogeography of Iberian freshwater fishes revisited: the roles of historical versus contemporary constraints. Journal of Biogeography 36: 2096-2110.	April 2009
Evans, A.N., R.H. Odom, L. Resler, W.M. Ford and S. Prisley. 2014. Developing a topographic model to predict the northern hardwood forest type within Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) recovery areas of the Southern Appalachians. International Journal of Forestry Article ID 179415, doi:10.1155/2014/179415). 11p. \| Abstract \| Publisher Website	October 2014	The northern hardwood forest type is an important habitat component for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (CNFS; Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) for den sites and corridor habitats between boreo-montane conifer patches where the squirrel forages. Our study related terrain data to patterns of occurrence for the northern hardwood forest type in the recovery areas of CNFS in the southern Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and southwestern Virginia to create a more robust, spatially predictive model of this forest type. We recorded overstory species composition, as well as terrain variables at 338 points to construct our predictive model. Terrain variables we examined included: elevation, aspect, slope gradient, curvature, and landform index. We used an information-theoretic approach to assess seven models based on associations noted in existing literature as well as an inclusive global model. Our results indicate that on a regional, multi-state scale, elevation, aspect, and landform index (TEI) for an area are significant predictors of the presence of the northern hardwood forest type in the southern Appalachians. Our Elevation + TEI model was the best approximating model (lowest AICc score) for predicting northern hardwood forest type. We correctly classified approximately 78% of our sample points as northern hardwoods. We then used these data to create region-wide predictive maps of the distribution of the northern hardwood forest type within CNFS recovery areas.
Ensign, W. E., A. J. Temple, and R. J. Neves. 2002. Effects of fright bias on sampling efficiency of stream fish assemblages. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 17(1):127-139.	March 2002
Emery, E. B., T. P. Simon, F. H. McCormick, P. L. Angermeier, J. E. DeShon, C. O. Yoder, R. E. Sanders, W. D. Pearson, G. D. Hickman, R. J. Reash, and J. A. Thomas. 2003. Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132:791-808.	July 2003
Echols, K., M. R. Vaughan, and H. D. Moll. 2004. Evaluation of subcutaneous implants for monitoring American black bear cub survival. Ursus 15(2):172-180.	November 2004
Dutton, D. J., J. H. Roberts, P. L. Angermeier, and E. M. Hallerman. 2008. Microsatellite markers for the endangered Roanoke logperch Percina rex (Percidae) and their potential utility for other darter species. Molecular Ecology Resources, 8: 831-834.	July 2008
Dunn, C.G. and P.L. Angermeier. 2019. Remaining populations of an upland stream fish persist in refugia defined by habitat features at multiple scales. Diversity and Distributions 25: 385–399. DOI:10.1111/ddi.12866.	December 2018
Dunn, C.G. and P.L. Angermeier. 2016. Development of habitat suitability indices for Candy Darter Etheostoma osburni, with validation across representative populations. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 145:1266-1281.	October 2016
Dunn, C. G., & P,L. Angermeier. 2019. Remaining populations of an upland stream fish persist in refugia defined by habitat features at multiple scales. Diversity and Distributions, 25(3), 385-399. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12866 \| Abstract \| Download \| Publisher Website	January 2019	Aim: Conserving stream biota could require strategies that preserve habitats conveying resistance to ecological impacts of changing land use and climate. Retrospective analyses of species’ responses to anthropogenic disturbances can inform such strategies. We developed a hierarchical framework to contrast environmental conditions underlying persistence versus extirpation of an imperiled stream fish, Candy Darter (Etheostoma osburni), over decades of changing land use. The decline of E. osburni may broadly represent the challenge of conserving sensitive freshwater species in intensively used upland environments. Location: New River drainage, Appalachian Mountains, USA. Methods: We surveyed fish and habitat in historically occupied sites to identify population refugia, and used multivariate and spatial analyses to address three questions: (a) what are the environmental correlates of refugia? (b) are the pathways by which land use impacts instream habitat constrained by catchment‐ and/or segment‐scale features? and (c) are E. osburni distributional dynamics spatially structured and explained by fine sediment and warm stream temperatures? Results: We confirmed a recently localized distribution similar to other upland species, marked by at least seven extirpations from streams throughout E. osburni’s southern range. Catchment‐scale features primarily constrained land use and finerscale habitat, leading to either extirpations or population‐supporting refugia defined by features at multiple scales. Refugium habitats contained cooler temperatures and less fine sediment. Rare mismatches between persistence and habitat suitability were explained by network location, suggesting unmeasured environmental gradients and/or dispersal contributed to distributional dynamics. Main conclusions: We provided insight at multiple spatial scales into how aquatic species’ distributions become fragmented and localized. Our results demonstrate that natural landscape heterogeneity imparts spatially variable resistance of sensitive species to intensive land uses. By recognizing the scale‐specific features that buffer populations from extirpation, conservation strategies could be tailored to protect naturally occurring refugium habitats and focus restoration in systems where such habitats are broadly lacking.
Dunn, C. G., & Angermeier, P. L. (2016). Development of habitat suitability indices for the Candy Darter, with cross-scale validation across representative populations. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 145(6), 1266-1281. https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2016.1217929 \| Abstract \| Download \| Publisher Website	October 2016	Understanding relationships between habitat associations for individuals and habitat factors that limit populations is a primary challenge for managers of stream fishes. Although habitat use by individuals can provide insight into the adaptive significance of selected microhabitats, not all habitat parameters will be significant at the population level, particularly when distributional patterns partially result fromhabitat degradation.We used underwater observation to quantify microhabitat selection by an imperiled stream fish, the Candy Darter Etheostoma osburni, in two streams with robust populations. We developed multiple-variable and multiple-life-stage habitat suitability indices (HSIs) from microhabitat selection patterns and used them to assess the suitability of available habitat in streams where Candy Darter populations were extirpated, localized, or robust. Next, we used a comparative framework to examine relationships among (1) habitat availability across streams, (2) projected habitat suitability of each stream, and (3) a rank for the likely long-term viability (robustness) of the population inhabiting each stream. Habitat selection was characterized by ontogenetic shifts from the low-velocity, slightly embedded areas used by age-0 Candy Darters to the swift, shallow areas with little fine sediment and complex substrate, which were used by adults. Overall, HSIs were strongly correlated with population rank. However, we observed weak or inverse relationships between predicted individual habitat suitability and population robustness for multiple life stages and variables. The results demonstrated that microhabitat selection by individuals does not always reflect population robustness, particularly when based on a single life stage or season, which highlights the risk of generalizing habitat selection that is observed during nonstressful periods or for noncritical resources. These findings suggest that stream fish managers may need to be cautious when implementing conservation measures based solely on observations of habitat selection by individuals and that detailed study at the individual and population levels may be necessary to identify habitat that limits populations.
Dunham, J.B., P.L. Angermeier, S.D. Crausbay, A.E. Cravens, H. Gosnell, J. McEvoy, M.A. Moritz, N. Raheem, and T. Sanford. 2018. Rivers are social-ecological systems: time to integrate human dimensions into riverscape ecology and management. WIREs Water. DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1291.	May 2018
Duncan, R. B., Jr., J. C. Jones, H. D. Moll, M. M. Moon, D. J. Blodgett, and M. R. Vaughan. 2002. Cretinism in a North American black bear. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 43:31-36.	May 2002
Donahue, S. W., S. A. Galley, M. R. Vaughan, P. Patterson-Buckendahl, L. M. Demers, J. L. Vance, and M. E. McGee. 2006. Parathyroid hormone may maintain bone formation in hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus) to prevent disuse osteoporosis. The Journal of Experimental Biology 209:1630-1638.	April 2006
Donahue, S. W., M. R. Vaughan, L. M. Demers, and H. J. Donahue. 2003. Serum markers of bone metabolism show bone loss in hibernating bears. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 408:295-301.	September 2003
Donahue, S. W., M. E. McGee, K. B. Harvey, . R. Vaughan, and C. T. Robbins. 2005. Hibernating bears as a model for preventing disuse osteoporosis. Journal of Biomechanics 39:1480-1485.	June 2006
Diggins. C.A. and W.M. Ford. 2021. Spatial Behavior of Northern Flying Squirrels in the Same Social Network. Ethology DOI: 10.1111/eth.13130 18 p.	April 2021
Diggins, C.A., M.A. Castellano and W.M. Ford. 2020. Hypogeous, sequestrate Fungi (Genus Elaphomyces) found at small-mammal foraging sites in High-elevation conifer forests of West Virginia. Northeastern Naturalist 27:N40-N47	July 2020
Diggins, C.A., L.M. Gilley, C. Kelly and W.M. Ford. 2016. Comparison of survey techniques on detection of northern flying squirrels. Wildlife Society Bulletin 40:654-662	August 2016
Diggins, C.A., G.G. Turner, L.M. Gilley, and W.M. Ford. 2020. Ultrasonic acoustic surveys of state endangered northern flying squirrels in the Pocono Mountains, Pennsylvania. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 11(2):644-653.	November 2020
Diggins, C.A., D. Jachowski, J. Martin and W.M. Ford. 2015. Incidental captures of Eastern Spotted Skunk in a high-elevation spruce forest in Virginia. Northeastern Naturalist 22:N6-N10.	April 2015
Diggins, C.A., A. Silvis, C.A. Kelly and W.M. Ford. 2016. Home range, den selection, and habitat use of Carolina northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus). Wildlife Research 44:427-437	October 2017
Diggins, C.A. and W.M. Ford. 2022. Seasonal bat activity patterns in high-elevation conifer sky islands Acta Chiropterlogica 24(1): 91–101.	June 2022
Diggins, C.A. and W.M. Ford. 2021. Effects of surveying for the federally endangered Spruce-fir Moss Spider (Microhexura montivaga Crosby & Bishop)on its bryophyte habitat. Southeastern Naturalist 20(1):77-91	January 2021
Diggins, C.A. and W.M. Ford. 2016. Microhabitat selection of the Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus Miller) Northeastern Naturalist 24(2):173-190	June 2017
Diggins, C.A. L.M. Gilley, C.A. Kelly and W.M. Ford. 2020. Using Ultrasonic Acoustics to Detect Cryptic Flying Squirrels: Seasonality and Survey Length. Wildlife Society Bulletin 44:300-308.	June 2020
Deeley, S.M., N.J. Kalen, S.R. Freeze, E.L. Barr and W.M. Ford. 2021. Post-white-nose syndrome passive acoustic sampling effort for determining bat species occupancy within the mid-Atlantic region. Ecological Indicators 125 (2021) 107489	February 2021
Deeley, S.M, L. Kang, P. Michalak, E. Hallerman and W.M. Ford. 2022. DNA Metabarcoding-based Evaluation of the Diet of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the Mid-Atlantic Region Northeastern Naturalist 29(4):454–473	December 2022
Deeley, S., J.B. Johnson, W.M. Ford and J.E. Gates. 2021. White-nose syndrome-related changes to Mid-Atlantic bat communities across an urban-to-rural gradient. BMC Zoology (2021) 6:12 doi.org/10.1186/s40850-021-00079-5	May 2021
De La Cruz, J.L., W.M. Ford, S.C. Jones, J.B. Johnson and A. Silvis. 2023. Distribution of Summer Habitat for the Indiana Bat on the Monongahela National Forest. West Virginia Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 10:125–134.	March 2023
De La Cruz, J.L., W.M. Ford, S.C. Jones, J.B. Johnson and A. Silvis. 2023. Distribution of Northern Long-eared Bat Summer Habitat on the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 10:114–124.	March 2023
De La Cruz, J.L. M.C. True, H. Taylor, D.C. Brown, and W.M. Ford. 2022. Unique land cover classification to assess day-roost habitat selection of northern long-eared bats on the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, USA. Forests 13(5), 792. doi.org/10.3390/f13050792	June 2022
De La Cruz, J., R.J. Reynolds, W. Orndorff, T. Malabad, K.K. Ficco, K.E. Powers and W.M. Ford. 2024. Seasonal Drivers of Activity in the Endangered Northern Long-eared Bat in Western Virginia. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 11:196–205 \| Download	May 2024
Czuba, J.A., M. Hirschler, E.A. Pratt, A. Villamagna, and P.L. Angermeier. 2022. Bankfull shear velocity predicts embeddedness and silt cover in gravel streambeds. River Research and Applications 38: 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3878.	November 2021
Czech, B., and 12 coauthors. 2006. Economic growth, fish conservation, and the AFS: conclusion to a forum, beginning of a movement? Fisheries (Bethesda) 31(1): 40-43.	January 2006
Czech, B., P. Angermeier, H. Daly, P. Pister, and R. Hughes. 2004. Fish conservation, sustainable fisheries, and economic growth: no more fish stories. Fisheries 29(8): 36-37.	August 2004
Crimmins, S.M., J.W. Edwards, W.M. Ford, P.D. Keyser and J.M. Crum 2010. Browsing patterns of white-tailed deer following increased timber harvest and a decline in population density. International Journal of Forestry Research . doi:10.1155/2010/592034 7 p.	October 2010
Crimmins, S.M., J.W. Edwards, T.A. Campbell, W.M. Ford, P.D. Keyser, J.D. Crum, B.A. Miller and K.V. Miller. 2015. Effects of population reduction on white-tailed deer home-range dynamics. Northeastern Naturalist. 22:403-412	June 2015
Crimmins, S.M., J.W. Edwards, P.D. Keyser, J.M. Crum, W.M. Ford, B.F. Miller, T.A. Campbell, and K.V. Miller. 2013. Survival patterns of female white-tailed deer on an industrial forest following a decline in population density. In: G.W. Miller, T.M. Schuler, K.W. Gottschalk, J.R. Brooks, S.T. Grushecky, B.D. Spong and J. Rentch, eds) Proceedings of the 18th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2012 March 26-28; Morgantown, WV; General Technical Report NRS-P-117. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 487–496.	July 2013
Cope, G. W., R. B. Bringolf, D. B. Buchwalter, T. J. Newton, C. G. Ingersoll, N. Wang, T. Augspurger, F. J. Dwyer, M. C. Barnhart, R. J. Neves, and E. Hammer. 2008. Differential exposure and sensitivity of unioniodean bivalve life stages to environmental contaminants. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 27(2): 451-462.	April 2008
Cook, R. R., P. L. Angermeier, D. S. Finn, N. L. Poff, and K. L. Krueger. 2004. Geographic variation in patterns of nestedness among local stream fish assemblages in Virginia. Oecologia 140:639-649.	October 2004
Conroy, M. J., P. Beier, H. Quigley, and M. R. Vaughan. 2006. Improving the use of science in conservation: lessons from the Florida Panther. Journal of Wildlife Management: 70: 1-7	April 2006
Coleman, L.S., W.M. Ford, C.A. Dobony and E.R. Britzke. 2014. Effect of passive acoustic sampling methodology on detecting bats after declines from white nose syndrome. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment 6:56-64 \| Abstract	January 2014	Concomitant with the emergence and spread of white-nose syndrome (WNS) and precipitous decline of many bat species in North America, natural resource managers need modified and/or new techniques for bat inventory and monitoring that provide robust occupancy estimates. We used Anabat acoustic detectors to determine the most efficient passive acoustic sampling design for optimizing detection probabilities of multiple bat species in a WNS-impacted environment in New York, USA. Our sampling protocol included: six acoustic stations deployed for the entire duration of monitoring as well as a 4 x 4 grid and five transects of 5-10 acoustic units that were deployed for 6-8 night sample durations. We used Program PRESENCE to determine detection probability and site occupancy estimates. Overall, the grid produced the highest detection probabilities for most species because it contained the most detectors and intercepted the greatest spatial area. However, big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and species not impacted by WNS were detected easily regardless of sampling array. Endangered Indiana (Myotis sodalis) and little brown (M. lucifugus) and tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) showed declines in detection probabilities over our study, potentially indicative of continued WNS-associated declines. Identification of species presence through efficient methodologies is vital for future conservation efforts as bat populations decline further due to WNS and other factors.
Coleman, L.C., W.M. Ford, C.A. Dobony, and E.R. Britzke. 2014 A comparison of passive and active acoustic sampling for monitoring a bat community impacted by white-nose syndrome. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 5:217-226	December 2014
Colelman, L.S., W.M. Ford, C.A. Dobony, and E.R. Britzke. 2013. Comparison of radio-telemetric home range analysis and acoustic detection for little brown bat habitat evaluation in northwestern New York, USA. Northeastern Naturalist 21:431-435	May 2014
Coates, T.A. and W.M. Ford. 2022. Fuels and vegetation changes in portions of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, 2003-2019. Journal of Forestry Research doi.org/10.1007/s11676-022-01515-z 12 p.	July 2022
Closs, G.P., P.L. Angermeier, W. Darwall, and S. Balcombe. 2015. Why are freshwater fish so threatened? Pages 37-75 in G.P. Closs, M. Krkosek, and J. Olden, (eds.) Conservation of Freshwater Fishes. Cambridge University Press.	June 2015
Cherry, D. S., J. H. van Hassell, J. L. Farris, D. J. Soucek, and R. J. Neves. 2002. Site-specific derivation of the acute copper criteria for the Clinch River, Virginia. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 8(3):591-601.	April 2002
Chen, L-Y, A. G. Heath, and R. J. Neves. 2002. An evaluation of air and water transport of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). American Malacological Bulletin 16 (1): 147-154.	January 2002
Chen, L-Y, A. G. Heath, and R. J. Neves. 2001. Comparison of oxygen consumption in freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from different habitats during declining dissolved oxygen concentration. Hydrobiologia 450:209-214.	May 2001
Chauhan, V. P. S., J. A. Tsiouris, A. Chauhan, A. M. Sheikh, W. T. Brown, and M. R. Vaughan. 2002. Increased oxidative stress and decreased activities of CA 2+/Mg2+ -ATPase and Na+/K+ -ATPase in the red blood cells of the hibernating black bear. Life Science 71:153-161.	June 2002
Carroll, J.M., R. Dashiell, J.C. Watts, and E.A. Hunter. 2021. Tidal level affects the prevalence and impacts of pests and parasites on oysters (Crassostrea virginica) on intertidal reefs in Georgia, USA. Marine Biology 168:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03848-5	April 2021
Carroll J.M., M.J. Whitesell, E.A. Hunter, and D.C. Rostal. 2022. First time’s a charm? Loggerhead neophyte mothers have higher hatch success. Southeastern Naturalist 21: 291-298.	November 2022
Cao. Y, D. P Larsen, R. M. Hughes, P. L. Angermeier and T. M. Patton. 2002. Sampling effort affects multivariate comparisons of stream assemblages. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 21:701-714.	January 2003
C.A. Diggins, C.A. Kelly and W.M. Ford. 2016. Aberrant den use of Carolina Northern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Southeastern Naturalist 14:44-49	January 2016
Buckwalter, J.D., P.L. Angermeier, J. Argentina, S. Wolf, S. Floyd, and E.M. Hallerman. 2019. Drift of larval darters (Family Percidae) in the upper Roanoke River basin, USA, characterized using phenotypic and DNA barcoding markers. Fishes 4(4), 59; doi:10.3390/fishes4040059. \| Abstract	December 2019	Larval ﬁsh ecology is poorly characterized because sampling is diﬃcult and tools for phenotypically identifying larvae are poorly developed. While DNA barcoding can help address the latter problem, ‘universal’ primers do not work for all ﬁsh species. The Roanoke River in the southeastern United States includes seven darters (Family Percide: Tribe Etheostomatini). We made 393 collections of larval ﬁshes in 2015 and 2018, examined darter larvae for morphometric and pigmentation traits, developed PCR primers amplifying darter DNA, and evaluated three gear types for collecting larval darters. Ampliﬁed DNA sequences for 1351 larvae matched archived mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences for darters occurring in the ecosystem. Larval darters were classiﬁed to genus with 100% accuracy using the ratio of pectoral ﬁn length to body length; however,identiﬁcationtospeciesusingmorphometricsalonewassubjecttoamisclassiﬁcationrateof 11.8%, which can be resolved by considering pigmentation patterns. Gear-types varied considerably in their capture eﬃcacy for larval darters; most Percina larvae were collected in drift nets. Larval Percina species appeared in the drift before Etheostoma species in both study years. Application of molecular genetic and phenotypic tools to larval ﬁsh identiﬁcation can advance understanding of larval darter ecology.
Buckwalter, J.D., E.A. Frimpong, P.L. Angermeier, and J.N. Barney. 2020. Species traits predict stream-fish invaders in an Appalachian (U.S.A) river basin. Freshwater Biology 65: 552-564. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/fwb.13453 \| Abstract	February 2020	We compared the influence of biological traits (morphology, physiology, reproduction, and life history), ecological traits (geographic distribution, habitat associations, food habits), and introduction attributes (propagule pressure, human use of a species, residence time) on invasion success of native and introduced stream fishes during the colonisation and spread stages in an Appalachian (U.S.A.) river basin.Colonisation success was positively related to residence time, benthic feeding, an equilibrium life‐history strategy, and nest spawning. Successful spread was associated with tolerance to increased temperature and an equilibrium life‐history strategy. The spread of introduced fishes was negatively related to gamefish status. No effect of propagule pressure was detected.Traits linked to invasion success were consistent with the hypothesis that human land‐use practices increase the invasibility of highland catchments by creating novel conditions better suited to lowland and equilibrium invaders.We found biological traits to be more useful than ecological traits in predicting invasion success and suggesting invasion mechanisms. Parental care and nest association can facilitate invasions over large spatial extents for both native and introduced fishes. Analyses of suites of traits can reveal mechanisms of invasions and tactics for controlling them; such mechanisms and tactics may be system‐specific and scale‐dependent.
Buckwalter, J.D., E.A. Frimpong, P.L. Angermeier, and J.N. Barney. 2018. Seventy years of stream- fish collections reveal invasions and native range contractions in an Appalachian (USA) watershed. Diversity and Distributions 24: 219-232.	June 2018
Brown, M., M. Kowalewski, R. J. Neves, D. Cherry, and M. Schreiber. 2005. Freshwater mussel shells as environmental chronicles: geochemical and taphonomic signatures of mercury-related extirpations in the North Fork Holston River, Virginia. Environmental Science and Technology: 39:1455-1462.	March 2005
Bridges, A., C. Olfenbuttel, and M. R. Vaughan. 2003. A mixed regression model to estimate neonatal black bear cub age. Wildlife Society Bulletin 30:1253-58.	January 2003
Bridges, A. S., M. R. Vaughan, and S. Klenzendorf. 2005. Seasonal variation in American black bear Ursus americanus activity patterns: quantification via remote photography. Wildlife Biology 10:277-284	January 2005
Bridges, A. S., J. A. Fox, C. Olfenbuttel, and M. R. Vaughan. 2004. American black bear denning behavior: observations and applications using remote photography. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32:188-193.	April 2004
Boyles, J. L., and R. J. Neves. 2003. An evaluation of adult freshwater mussels held in captivity at the White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery. Virginia Journal of Science 54(2):100.	August 2003
Bombaci, S.P., M.J. St. Germain, W.M. Ford, S.C. Loeb, R.E. Russell, C.A. Dobony and D.J. Jachowski. 2021. Pathogen-mediated competition explains remnant bat community responses to white-nose syndrome. Ecosphere 12(11) https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3825 \| Download	November 2021
Bigford, T., and 12 coauthors. 2006. Economic growth and fish conservation. Fisheries (Bethesda) 31 (8):404-409.	August 2006
Benejam, L., P.L. Angermeier, A. Munné, and E. García-Berthou. 2010. Assessing effects of water abstraction on fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams. Freshwater Biology 55: 628-642.	February 2010
Ben-David, M., S. l. Struthers, H. D. Moll, and M. R. Vaughan. 2001. Testing performance of the birth archive-tag on black bears: an increase or a decrease. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biotelemetry 15:442-449.	November 2001
Beier, P., M. R. Vaughan, M. J. Conroy, and H. Quigley. 2006. Evaluating scientific inferences about the Florida Panther. Journal of Wildlife Management: 70: 236-245.	April 2006
Beck, K., and R. J. Neves. 2003. An evaluation of selective feeding by three age groups of the rainbow mussel (Villosa iris). North American Journal of Aquaculture 65:203-209.	August 2003
Beaty, B. B., and R. J. Neves. 2004. Use of natural water flow-through culture system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) and evaluation of the effects of substrate size, temperature, and stocking density. American Malacological Bulletin 19:113-120.	September 2004
Batts, G. K., N. W. Lafon, M. J. Kelly, and M. R. Vaughan. 2007. A modified approach to rocket netting white-tailed deer using a remote video system. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 60:77-82.	November 2007
Barrile, G.M., D.J. Augustine, L.M. Porensky, C.J. Duchardt, K.T. Shoemaker, C.R. Hartway, J.D. Derner, E.A. Hunter, and A.D. Davidson. 2023. A big data–model integration approach for predicting epizootics and population recovery in a keystone species. Ecological Applications 33: e2827.	February 2023
Barr, E.L., A. Silvis, M.P. Armstrong and W.M. Ford. 2021. White-nose syndrome and environmental correlates to landscape-scale bat presence. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 1–12; 2021; doi: 10.1002/wsb.1215	October 2021
Baron, J. S., N. L. Poff, P. L. Angermeier, C. N. Dahm, P. H. Gleick, N. G. Hairston, Jr., R. B. Jackson, C. A. Johnston, B. D Richter, and A. D. Steinman. 2003. Sustaining healthy freshwater ecosystems. Issues in Ecology, Number 10, 16 pp.	May 2003
Bakaletz, S., and D. Neves. 2005. Big South Fork restores endangered mussels. National Park Service Natural Resource Year in Review - 2004: 48-49.	May 2005
Austin, L.V., A.S. Silvis, M.S. Muthersbaugh, K.E. Powers and W.M. Ford. 2018. Bat Activity Following Repeated Prescribed Fire in the Central Appalachians. Fire Ecology 14:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-018-0009-5*	December 2018
Austin, L., A. Silvis, W.M. Ford, K.E. Powers and M. Muthersbaugh. 2017. Bat Activity Following Restoration Prescribed Burning in the Central Appalachian Upland and Riparian Habitats. Natural Areas Journal 38:183-195	April 2018
Austin, L., A. Silvis, W.M. Ford and K.E. Powers. 2019. Effects of historic wildfire and prescribed fire on site occupancy of bats in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA. Journal of Forestry Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-00923-y	April 2019
Aubin, G.R., C.C. Nye, J.H. Rohm, T. Stamps, W.M. Ford and M.J. Cherry. 2022. Survival of White-tailed Deer Fawns on Marine Corps Base Quantico. Journal of Wildlife Management https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22180.	March 2022
Argentina, J.E., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2013. Population ecology of variegate darter (Etheostoma variatum) in Virginia. Final report to Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Richmond, VA. Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources & Environment Reports Series, Number 2. 62 pp.	June 2013
Argentina, J.E., P.L. Angermeier, E.M. Hallerman, and S.A. Welsh. 2018. Spatial extent of analysis influences observed patterns of population genetic structure in a widespread darter species (Percidae). Freshwater Biology 63: 1185–1198.	April 2018
Annis, W.K., Hunter, E.A., and J.M. Carroll. 2022. Within-marsh and landscape features structure ribbed mussel distribution in Georgia, USA, marshes. Estuaries and Coasts. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-022-01090-w \| Abstract	June 2022	Context<br>For species distribution modeling to be most effective, models often require inputs across multiple spatial scales. Validated models can help locate sites for restoration efforts and management strategies. Ribbed mussels are marsh fauna that are sought after for use in coastal habitat management and restoration due to beneficial interactions with marsh fauna.<br>Objectives<br>To improve mussel restoration efforts, it is imperative to understand the environmental factors that drive mussel distributions to be able to predict areas where restoration will be successful.<br>This study sought to estimate the effects of within-marsh (4m) and landscape (500m) factors on mussel distribution.<br>Methods<br>Mussel densities were surveyed at 11 sites along the coast of Georgia, USA, and overlaid with spatial data for within-marsh factors (elevation, distance to marsh features, slope) as well as landscape factors (percent cover of creek, forest, and development). The distribution model was then validated using three previously unsurvey marshes.<br>Results<br>The model explained 55% of variance in mussel abundance. Mussel densities were most sensitive to changes in elevation but were also sensitive to changes in distance to subtidal creeks and percent cover of forests. Highest mussel densities were found in mid elevation areas, far from subtidal creeks and in marshes surrounded with forest.<br>Conclusion<br>The species distribution model developed for ribbed mussels was affected by factors on both scales examined, highlighting the importance of including multiscale factors these models. This work suggests that restoration should focus on appropriate elevations and at locations away from the marsh-creek ecotone.
Angermeier, P.L., L.A. Krometis, M.J. Stern, and T.L. Hemby. 2021. Exploring relationships among stream health, human well-being, and demographics in Virginia, USA. Ecological Indicators 121 107194. DOI.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107194.	February 2021
Angermeier, P.L. and M.J. Pinder. 2015. Viewing the status of Virginia’s environment through the lens of freshwater fishes. Virginia Journal of Science 66: 147-169.	October 2015
Angermeier, P.L. and J.R. Karr. 2019. Ecological health indicators. Encyclopedia of Ecology (2nd Edition) 1: 391-401 and online Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.10926-1.	September 2018
Angermeier, P.L. and A.M. Villamagna. 2015. Regulating services as measures of ecological Resilience on DoD lands. Final report to Department of Defense, Environmental Security Technology Certification Program, Project RC-201114, Arlington, VA. 93 pp. https://serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Resource-Conservation-and-Climate-Change/Natural-Resources/Watershed-Processes-and-Management/RC-201114/RC-201114/(language)/eng-US	December 2015
Angermeier, P.L. 2010. Preface: Conservation challenges for stream fish ecologists. American Fisheries Society Symposium 73: 303-309.	April 2010
Angermeier, P. L., and G. Davideanu. 2004. Using fish communities to assess streams in Romania: initial development of an index of biotic integrity. Hydrobiologia 511: 65-78.	August 2004
Angermeier, P. L., R. A. Smogor, and J. R. Stauffer. 2000. Regional frameworks and candidate metrics for assessing biotic integrity in mid-Atlantic highland streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129:962-981.	January 2000
Angermeier, P. L., K. L. Krueger, and C. A. Dolloff. 2002. Discontinuity in stream-fish distributions: implications for assessing and predicting species occurrence. Pp. 519-527 in J. M. Scott et al., editors. Predicting species occurrences: issues of accuracy and scale. Island Press, Covelo, CA.	July 2002
Angermeier, P. L., A. P. Wheeler, and A. E. Rosenberger. 2004. A conceptual framework for assessing impacts of roads on aquatic biota. Fisheries 29(12): 19-29.	December 2004
Angermeier, P. L. 2007. The role of fish biologists in helping society build ecological sustainability. Fisheries (Bethesda) 32: 9-20.	January 2007
Angermeier, P. L. 2005. Fish biologists as conservation educators regarding economic growth. Fisheries 30(12): 37-39.	December 2006
Angermeier, P. L. 2001. Reply to Povilitis: another conservation conundrum. Conservation Biology 15:536-538.	March 2001
Angermeier, P. L. 2000. The natural imperative for biological conservation. Conservation Biology 14:373-381.	January 2000
Albanese, B., P. L. Angermeier, and S. Dorai-Raj. 2004. Ecological correlates of fish movement in a network of Virginia streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61: 857-869	June 2004
Albanese, B., P. L. Angermeier, and J. T. Peterson. Does mobility limit rates of colonization and population recovery among stream fishes? Freshwater Biology 7:1444-1460.	May 2009
Albanese, B., P. L. Angermeier, and C. Gowan. 2003. Designing mark-recapture studies to reduce effects of distance-weighting on movement distance distributions of stream fishes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132:925-939.	July 2003
Adams, M.B., P.J. Edwards, W.M. Ford, T.M. Schuler, J.B. Johnson, M. Thomas-Van Gundy. 2011. Effects of development of a natural gas well and associated pipeline on the natural and scientific resources of the Fernow Experimental Forest. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NRS-76. 24 p.	May 2011
Adams, M.B. W.M. Ford, T.M. Schuler and M. Thomas-Van Gundy. 2011. Effects of natural gas development on forest ecosystesm. Pages 219-226 in L. Songlin, J.M. Lhotka, J.W. Stringer, K.W. Gottschalk, and G.W. Miller (eds). Proceedings of the 17th Central Hardwood Conference. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NRS-P-78.	October 2011
A. Silvis, E.R. Thomas, W. M. Ford,E. R. Britzke and M. J. Friedrich. 2014. Internal Cavity Characteristics of Northern Long-eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis) Maternity Day-roosts. USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Research Note NRS-27. 7p	July 2014
Thorne, E.D. and W.M. Ford. 2022. Redundancy analysis reveals complex den use patterns by eastern spotted skunks, a conditional generalist. Ecosphere 13(1) doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3913	January 2022
Taylor, H., K.E. Powers, W. Orndorff, E.M. Hallerman and W.M. Ford. 2023. Sources of Yearly Variation in Gray Bat Activity in the Clinch River Watershed, Virginia Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 10:107–113.	March 2023
Guill, M.H., J. De La Cruz, M. Puckett, S.D. Klopfer, B. Martin and W.M. Ford. 2024. Southeastern Fox Squirrel Occupancy and Habitat Associations of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain Regions of Virginia. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 11:215–222 \| Download	May 2024
Ford, W.M., J.B. Johnson, and M. Thomas-Van Gundy. 2021. Northern Long-Eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis) Day-Roost Loss in the Central Appalachian Mountains Following Prescribed Burning. International Journal of Forestry Research doi.org/10.1155/2021/5512044 6p.	June 2021
Ford, W.M., C.A. Diggins, J. De La Cruz and A. Silvis. 2022. Distribution Probability of the Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel in the High Allegheny Mountains. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 9:168-175	March 2022
De La Cruz, J.L., N.J. Kalen, E.L. Barr, E.D. Thorne, R.J. Reynolds and W. M Ford. 2024. Seasonal Drivers of Activity in the Endangered Northern Long-eared Bat in Eastern North Carolina and Virginia. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. 11:185–195 \| Download	May 2024
Clevinger, G.B., W.M. Ford, M.J. Kelly ,R. Alonso, R. W. DeYoung, N.W. LaFon and M.J. Cherry. 2023. Survival, Cause-specific Mortality, and Population Growth of White-tailed Deer in Western Virginia. Journal of Wildlife Management. DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22528	November 2023
Butler, AR., A. Edelman, R. Eng, S. N. Harris, E.D. Thorne, W.M. Ford, and David S. Jachowski. 2021. Demography of the Appalachian Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius putorius). Southeastern Naturalist 20:95-109	August 2021

Presentations

Presentations	Presentation Date
Zimmerman, L.L., and R.J. Neves. March 2003. Use of a complete habitat survey and a geographic information system (GIS) to identify suitable release sites for captively propagated freshwater mussels in the Clinch River, Virginia. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
Zimmerman, L.L., D.G. Smith, and R.J. Neves. March 12, 2001. Guidelines for the treatment of predacious flatworms (Macrostomum sp.) during culture of juvenile freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Pittsburgh, PA.	March 2001
Zimmerman, L.L. and R.J. Neves. March 12, 2001. Effects of temperature on longevity and viability of glochidia of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Pittsburgh, PA.	March 2001
Zimmerman, L. L., and R. J. Neves. March 2000. Viability of glochidia of freshwater mussels for attachment to fish. Tri-State Fisheries Meeting of AFS, Lexington, VA.	March 2000
Wills, J., and M. Vaughan 2001. Identifying black bear travel corridors along the eastern boundry of the Great Dismal Swamp NWR. 4th International Conference on Wildlife Ecology and Transportation, Keystone, CO, 9/24-28/01.	September 2001
Wheeler, K., J.H. Roberts, M.C. Freeman, B.J. Freeman, and P.L. Angermeier. 2017. How well does the flow-trait framework predict short-term fish community dynamics in unregulated rivers? Annual meeting of the Southeastern fishes Council.	November 2017	new tests of hypotheses regarding fish population dynamics
Wheeler, A.P., A.E. Rosenberger, and P. Angermeier. February 2005. Impacts of new highway construction on stream habitat and biota: a review. AFS- North Carolina Chapter meeting, Brown Summit, NC.	February 2005
Watson, D.H., J. Renner, and E.A. Hunter. Avian Response to Heavy Mineral Surface Mine Reclamation in Southeastern Georgia. American Ornithological Society Annual meeting, Estes Park, Colorado, October 2024.	October 2024	We compared bird occupancy and species richness across pine habitats in different site treatments (mine reclamation, timber production, prescribed fire) in southeastern Georgia. Estimates of species richness are 17, 20, and 28 species for timber production, mine reclamation, and prescribed fire sites respectively.
Watson, D.H. and E.A. Hunter. 2023. Comparison of early successional avian habitat use between mining reclamation and timber production sites. The Wildlife Society 30th Annual Conference, Louisville, KY. November 5-9, 2023.	November 2023	At our study sites in the Georgia coastal plain, surface mining for heavy minerals occurs within the larger landscape of timber production, resulting in a variety of successional stages and habitats that may boost avian diversity on reclamation sites. We aim to estimate differences in bird community habitat use between reclamation and timber production sites of similar stand heights through acoustic monitoring with Autonomous Recording Units (ARUs).
Wang, N., C.G. Ingersoll, I.E. Greer, D.W. Whites, F.J. Dwyer, A.D. Roberts, T. Augspurger, C. Kane, C. Tibbott, R.J. Neves, and M.C. Barnhart. November 2003. Developing standardized guidance for conducting toxicity tests with glochidia of freshwater mussels. Society of Environmental Toxicology, Austin, TX.	November 2003
Wang, N. C. Ingersoll, C. Barnhart, R.J. Neves, T. Augspurger, J. Dwyer, and C. Kane. August 2005. Acute and chronic effects of ammonia and copper on 2-month old juvenile mussels. USEPA Mussel Toxicology Workshop, Chicago, IL.	August 2005
Wang et al. November 2004. Repeatability of toxicity tests with glochidia of freshwater mussels and influence of test organism equality. SETAC Meeting, Portland, OR.	November 2004
Walker, R.H., A.C. Belvin, J.B. Mouser, A. Pennino, S. Plont, C.D. Robinson, L.B. Smith, J. Thapa, C.E. Zipper, P.L. Angermeier, and S.A. Entrekin. May 2022. Rubbing salt in wounded ecosystems: a global synthesis of animal responses to freshwater salinization. Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting.	May 2022	new review of global salinization effects on aquatic animals
Walker, R.H., A.C. Belvin, J.B. Mouser, A. Pennino, S. Plont, C.D. Robinson, L.B. Smith, J. Thapa, C.E. Zipper, P.L. Angermeier, and S.A. Entrekin. May 2022. Aquatic insect responses to salinization across ecosystems, taxa, and ions: a review. Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting.	May 2022	global review of salinization effects on aquatic insects
Walker, R.H., A.C. Belvin, J.B. Mouser, A. Pennino, S. Plont, C.D. Robinson, L.B. Smith, J. Thapa, C. E. Zipper, and P.L. Angermeier. Mar 2023. Rubbing salt into wounded ecosystems: a global synthesis of animal responses to freshwater salinization. Joint meeting of Iowa Chapters, American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society.	March 2023	global synthesis of salinization effects on freshwater animals
Walden, M.A., K.J. Loope, E.A. Hunter, S.J. Divers, J.R. Comolli, T.C. Esque, and K.T. Shoemaker. 2022. Innate Testosterone Identifies Sex of Hatchling Mojave Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii). 47th Annual Desert Tortoise Symposium, virtual.	February 2022	We addressed a need for a sex identification method that is suitable for a single encounter with desert tortoise hatchlings in their season of hatching. Quantification of innate blood plasma testosterone concentration from small volume (0.1 mL) blood samples appears to be a viable, highly accurate method to identify sex of 0–3 month old hatchlings and could be a valuable tool for headstarting efforts, translocation projects, and investigation of trends and variation in sex ratios for <i>in situ
W.M. Ford, C.A. Kelly, J.L. Rodrigue, R.H. Odom, L.M. Gilley and C.A. Diggins., 2013. Spring break 2012: where the Carolina northern flying squirrels were. 2013 Southeastern Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals. Pikeville, Tennessee. February 14-15.	February 2013	Carolina northern flying squirrels prefer mature red spruce-dominated stands in the southern Appalachians.
Villamagna, A.M., P.L. Angermeier, and B. Mogollón. 2014. Measures of watershed capacity to provide ecosystem services can inform decisions about land/water use. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	August 2014	overview of how knowledge of ecosystem services can inform landscape planning
Villamagna, A., Y. Liang, and P. Angermeier. 2014. Integrating ecosystem services into strategies to select compatible-use lands around military bases. Annual meeting of North America Congress for Conservation Biology. (poster)	July 2014	new application of ecosystem services analysis to help military bases choose compatible lands on their perimeters
Villamagna, A., P. Angermeier, and E. Bennett. 2011. Assessing and mapping the capacity, flow, and demand on ecosystem services. Annual meeting of International Association of Landscape Ecologists – U.S.	April 2011
Villamagna, A., P. Angermeier, and C.A. Dolloff. 2014. Spatiotemporal variability in thermal sensitivity of streams in subbasins of the Roanoke (VA-NC) and Chattahoochee rivers (GA). Annual meeting of Mid-Atlantic Chapter, Ecological Society of America.	June 2014	new work on sensitivity of Appalachian streams to climate change and implications for fishes
Villamagna, A., P. Angermeier, and B. Mogollón. 2013. Collateral benefits of conservation: a comparison of ecosystem services provision on public and private conservation lands. Annual meeting of International Congress for Conservation Biology.	July 2013	examines how public lands provide societal benefits (via ecosystem services) other than those for which they were set aside
Villamagna, A., P. Angermeier, B. Mogollon, and E Bennett. 2012. Viewing conservation and sustainability in the Albemarle-Pamlico basin through an ecosystem-services lens. First meeting of North America Congress for Conservation Biology.(invited)	July 2012
Villamagna, A., N. Niazi, L. Cannon, and P. Angermeier. 2011. Spatial relationships between current conservation efforts and ecosystem service capacity. Annual meeting of International Association of Landscape Ecologists – U.S.	April 2011
Villamagna, A., B. Mogollón, and P. Angermeier. 2013. Stakeholder engagement in scenario analysis of ecosystem services and human well-being for conservation planning in the Albemarle- Pamlico Basin. Annual meeting of United States Society for Ecological Economics.	June 2013	summarizes recent experience of researchers collaborating with stakeholders to inform conservation planning with knowledge of ecosystem services
Villamagna, A., B. Mogollon, P. Angermeier, and E. Bennett. 2012. Integrating stakeholder engagement, scenario analysis, and ecosystem-service mapping for conservation planning. Annual meeting of Mid-Atlantic Chapter, Ecological Society of America.	April 2012
Villamagna, A. and P. Angermeier. 2014. Mapping the flow of ecosystem services from public and private conservation areas. Annual meeting of North America Congress for Conservation Biology.	July 2014	new analysis comparing societal benefits of private vs public conservation lands
Vaughan, M.R., and F. van Manen. 2001 History of the Southern Appalachian Black Bear Study Group and the Mid-Appalachian Bear Study Group. Presented at the 15th Eastern Black Bear Workshop, Clemson, SC.	March 2001
Valenti, T.W., D.S. Cherry, R.J. Neves, and B.A. Locke. November 2003. Sensitivities of freshwater mussel glochidia and regulatory test organisms to mercury and a reference toxicant. Society of Environmental Toxicology, Austin, TX.	November 2003
Valenti, T.W., D.S. Cherry, R.J. Neves, B.A. Locke, J.M. Uerz, and R.J. Currie. November 2003.Acute and chronic mercury exposures to different life stages of the rainbow mussel, Villosa iris. Society of Environmental Toxicology, Austin, TX.	November 2003
Tsiouris, J.A., W. Spivack, M. Flory, and M.R. Vaughan. May 2005. Decreased CAMP levels in leukocytes of hibernating bears, due to metabolic depression, explains similar findings suggesting hypometabolism in major depression. 13th World Congress for Psychiatric Genetics, Dublin, Ireland.	May 2005
True, M.C., W.M. Ford, E. Barr, S. Sweeten and R. Reynolds. 2020. Using the Motus wildlife tracking system. 2020 Northeastern Bat Working Group, Saratoga Springs, NY. January 15-18.	January 2020	The Motus tracking system has expanded widely on the eastern coast improving the ability to track cryptic species with implications to inform wind-energy development. RIF-tagged eastern red bats showed quick, long-distance movements in the fall crossing wide expansions of ocean.
True, M.C., R.J. Reynolds, and W.M. Ford. 2022. Activity patterns and fall migration of migratory bats on the mid-Atlantic Coast. Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Long Branch, NJ. April 3-5.	April 2022	Migratory bat activity along the mid-Atlantic Coast peaks in spring and fall. Activity, including over open-water movements are associated with higher temperatures, higher visibility and lower wind speed.
True, M.C., R.J. Reynolds and W.M. Ford. 2022. Fall migration, oceanic movement and site residency patterns of migratory bats on the mid-Atlantic Coast with emphasis on eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis).	January 2022	Offshore wind-energy development along the Atlantic Coast may impact non-hibernating migratory bat species, particularly in the fall. Radio-tagged eastern red bats in the mid-Atlantic tracked with the MOTUS system made long over-water flights across Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay under favorable weather conditions, indicating some risk of turbine strike is possible.
True, M.C., R. Reynolds and W.M. Ford. 2020. Long term acoustic monitoring of migratory tree bats on Virginia’s Atlantic Coast barrier islands – implications for offshore wind development. 27th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society. Sept 28-Oct 1.	September 2020	Non-hibernating, tree-bat activity occurs year-round on barrier islands off the Virginia coast, though islands with forests more so than those with only open and high marsh habitat. However, discernable migratory pulses were observed in the autumn which could be used to tailor wind-energy management guidelines to minimize bat mortality.
Trent, J.E., M.R. Vaughan, W. McShea, D. Garshelis, G. Jien, and Z. Xiaojian. 2006. SIgn surveys to determine Asiatic black bear presence, food habits, and habitat use in China. Presented by Trent at the 17th International Conference on Bear Research and Management in Nagano, Japan.	October 2006
Tredick, C., and M. Vaughan. 2005. Population abundance and genetic relatedness of American black bears on 3 National Wildlife Refuges in coastal Virginia and North Carolina, USA. 16th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Riva del Garda, Italy.	September 2005
Tredick, C., S. Simek, M. Vaughan, D. Stauffer, and T. Eason. 2004. Effects of subsampling on black bear population estimates obtained usinf noninvasive genetic techniques. Presented by Tredick at the 15th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, San Diego, CA.	March 2004
Thorne, E.D., M.P. Armstrong, A. Kind, J.S. Ultrup and W.M. Ford. 2022. An update on acoustic sampling level of effort for the Indiana, northern long-eared, little brown and tri-colored bats. 2022 Northeast Bat Working Group. Manchester, NH. Jan. 12-14/	January 2022	Necessary level of effort for acoustic sampling of threatened and endangered requires periodic updating because of continued changes in occupancy and detection probability values. Current efforts suggest a modest increased sampling duration is sufficient for Indiana bats but durations for northern long-eared bats may approach > 14 nights at a site.
Thorne, E.D., C.D. Waggy, D.S. Jachowski, M.J. Kelly and W.M. Ford. 2016. Co-Existence and Temporal Overlap of Mesocarnivores in Central and Southern Appalachia. 23rd Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society, Raleigh, NC. October 15-19.	October 2016	Presence of the rare spotted skunk does not appear to be overly influenced by the presence of other meso-carnivores at bait sites. However, Appalachian carnivores do exhibit some degree of temporal segregation depending on habitat, weather and other factors.
Thorne, E.D., C. Waggy, D. Jachowski, M. Kelly, and W. M. Ford. 2016. Habitat associations of the eastern spotted skunk in western Virginia. 26th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Feb. 18-19, Guntersville, AL.	February 2016	Spotted skunks are more common and widely distributed in western Virginia than originally thought. Probability of occupancy was correlated with a complex interaction of forest cover type and landform interaction.
Thorne, E.D. and W.M. Ford. 2019. Crowd-sourcing spotted skunks: citizen science improves efforts to identify contemporary range boundary of a rare and elusive species in Virginia. Combined 24th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and 29th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S., Jacksonville, FL., February 21-22.	February 2019	Citizen science is increasingly being employed by state wildlife agencies to gain additional distributional records for rare species. Citizen science-led camera surveys have helped defined the range of the eastern spotted skunk in Virginia.
Thorne, E.D. and W.M. Ford. 2018. A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DEN SELECTION BY EASTERN SPOTTED SKUNKS (SPILOGALE PUTORIUS) AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION. 28th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S. Roanoke, VA, March 27-29.	March 2018	Multivariate analysis of spotted skunk den characteristics (tree, ground or emergent rock) in the Appalachians showed consistent commonalities among physical traits despite being different types. Spotted skunks den selection is influenced by sex, season and vulnerability to other predators.
Thorne, E.D. and W.M. Ford. 2017. Temporal avoidance and activity shifts of sympatric mesocarnivores in the central Appalachians. 2017 Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals. Asheville, NC .Feb 16-17.	February 2017	How competing species segregate themselves to avoid competition for resources is central question in ecology. Among meso-carnivores in the Appalachians, temporal and spatial overlap is highly variable and dependent on multiple factors including weather, habitat and real-time presence of multiple species.
Thorne, E., R. Eng, C. Waggy, D. Jachowski and W.M. Ford. 2018. Large- and Fine-scale Habitat Associations of Eastern Spotted Skunks (Spilogale putorius) in the Central and Southern Appalachian Mountains. 2018 The Wildlife Society Meeting, Cleveland OH, October 7-11.	October 2018	Eastern spotted skunks are regarded as rare and of conservation concern in the Appalachians. Occupied habitat is relatively limited, though widespread geographically in the region where dense cover and emergent rock are present.
Thomas, V.A., D. Donahoe, E.A. Hunter, and A.A. Dayer. 2023. Multitemporal lidar and satellite analysis for the quantification and detection of coastal forest degradation in the Eastern United States. SilviLaser 2023, London, UK.	September 2023	Detection of salinization-caused forest dieback ("ghost forests") with satellite imagery can be challenging. Here we show how the addition of lidar data can improve detection of vegetation change due to sea level rise.
Thomas, V.A., D. Donahoe, A. Dayer, and E.A. Hunter. Multitemporal lidar and satellite analysis for the quantification and detection of coastal forest degradation in the Eastern United States. ForestSat Conference, New Zealand, 2024.	September 2024	Detection of salinization-caused forest dieback ("ghost forests") with satellite imagery can be challenging. Here we show how the addition of lidar data can improve detection of vegetation change due to sea level rise.
Teets, K.D., S. Loeb, J. Kilgo, D. Jachowski, and W. M. Ford. 2017. A changing community? The effects of White-nose Syndrome on bat community structure in the southeastern United States. 2017 Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals. Asheville, NC. Feb. 16-17.	February 2017	Post-WNS declines in affected bat species was observed in the southern terminus of the Blue Ridge in South Carolina. However, large-scale niche relaxation and replacement by unaffected species was not observed to the extent it occurs in more northern latitudes owing to the differences in species richness and abundance of individuals within species.
Teets, K.D., D.S. jachowski, S.C. Loeb, J.C. Kilgo and W.M. Ford. 2017. The Effects of White-nose Syndrome on Bat Community Structure in South Carolina. 2017 North American Society for Bat Research Annual Meeting, Knoxville, TN, October 18-21.	October 2017	White-nose Syndrome impacts in less species rich communities have resulted in niche relaxation and movement of non-impacted species into additional habitats due to lowered competition. Despite a more rich community with proportionally less WNS-impacted species, the same dynamic is occurring in the Southeast.
Taylor, H., K.E. Powers, W.D. Orndorff, R.J. Reynolds, and W.M. Ford. 2024. Tracking gray bat (Myotis grisescens) movement using Motus towers in southwest Virginia and northeast Tennessee. 34th Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeast. Hilton Head, SC. Feb 16.	February 2024	Where gray bats from Virginia's lone summer maternity colony located on the Tennessee line in Bristol forage has not been known by managers tasked with conserving this population. Gray bats were outfitted with radio-transmitters and tracked using fixed station Motus towers in 2023. Bats foraged upriver along the Middle Holston River in Virginia as well as downstream on Tennessee Valley Authority reservoir impoundments.
Sweeten, S., W.M. Ford and J. Craynon. 2014. The effects of land use and microhabitat on stream salamander occupancy in the southwest Virginia Coalfields. Mid-Atlantic Regional Water Conference. Sheppardstown WV.	September 2014	Although aquatic salamanders are reduced by increased intensity and scope of surface mining in Appalachian watersheds, some level of occupancy (recovery) does occur in the years following cessation of mining. Species present and their abundances are highly variable on a suite of factors some of which are and some which are not associated with mining.
Sweeten, S. and W.M. Ford. 2015. Validation of a stream and riparian habitat assessment protocol using stream salamanders in the southwest Virginia coalfields. American Society of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington KY.	June 2015	There is a strong correlation between salamander presence and USACE Habitat Assessment Scores for mineland watersheds in Appalachia. This finding supports the use of USACE techniques to assess riparian health and support restoration guidelines.
Sweeten, S. and W.M. Ford. 2015. The effects of land use and microhabitat on stream salamander occupancy in the southwest Virginia Coalfields. Virginia Wildlife Society, Natural Bridge, VA.	February 2015	Salamander presence in post-mined watershed varied by species and degradation extent, but presence was related to riparian condition and percent area mined more so than water chemistry and conductivity.
Sweeten, S and W.M. Ford. 2015. Validation of a stream and riparian habitat assessment protocol using stream salamanders in the southwest Virginia coalfields. 2015 JOINT NATIONAL CONFERENCE of ASMR and ARRI, Lexington KY. June 16, 2015.I	June 2015	Surface mining impacts to aquatic salamanders were quantified by using U.S. Army Corps of Engineer habitat assessment parameters. Developed parameters correlated well with field data and could serve as a suitable surrogates for understanding biotic system integrity without requiring extensive invertebrate, fish or salamander communities.
Sullivan, P.J., J Acheson, P. Angermeier, J. Clark, and T. Faast. Aug 2004. Best available science: what is it and how can we provide it? Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society, Madison, WI.	August 2004
Starliper, C., R.J. Neves, and E. Bardash, P. Morrison, C. Cull, and D. Rhine. June 2005. Bacteriological studies on freshwater mussels: the flora present in the free-ranging animals and pathogen depuration by two species, Amblema plicata and Fusconaia ebena. Thirtieth Annual Eastern Fish Health Workshop, Shepherdstown, WV.	June 2005
Starliper, C. R.J. Neves, W.F. Henley, and S. D. Hanlon. March 2003. Development of expected, normal bacterial flora databases (from selected unionids) and their use to identify disease causing agents. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
St. Germain, M.J. S.P. Bombaci, D.S. Jachowski, W.M. Ford, R.E. Russell, and S.C. Loeb. 2019. I shall be released! Clemency from the WNS parole board. Combined 24th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and 29th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S., Jacksonville, FL., February 21-22.	February 2019	WNS impacts to bats in the East have led to population declines. Community composition impacts in terms of niche release of non-affected species are varied by geographic location, overall community richness and time since WNS.
St. Germain, M., C.A. Diggins. M.H. Jorge, E.M. Johnston and W.M. Ford. 2024. Operation desert bat: examining distribution and environmental impacts on bat populations in the southern Colorado Plateau region. 34th Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeast. Hilton Head, SC. Feb. 16.	February 2024	Habitat associations and seasonal phenology of bats in the southern Colorado Plateau are poorly known. Of 19 species examined acoustically, riparian habitats were important to most bats. Use of high elevations was seasonally longer than expected, but was largely restricted to the summer months.
St. Germain, M., A. Silvis, A. Kniowski and W.M. Ford. 2016. Dynamic landscape change detection of ephemeral habitats for the endangered Indiana bat in mid-Atlantic landscapes. 23rd Annual Wildlife Society Conference, Raleigh NC. October 15-19.	October 2016	Indiana bat maternity colonies in eastern Virginia day-roost in fire/insect-killed loblolly pine. Because of the unique signal from remotely sensed imagery, estimation of habitat potential and rates of accretion or loss can be made in these landscapes to inform management/
St. Germain, M, A. Silvis, W.M. Ford and A. Kniowski. 2016. WHO KNEW? INDIANA BAT MATERNITY COLONIES IN OLD VIRGINIA. 2016 Northeast Bat Working Group, Baltimore MD. January 12-13	January 2016	A maternity colony of the endangered Indiana bat was observed in 2015 at Fort A.P. Hill along the Fall Line in Virginia, > 140 km from the nearest known hibernacula. Bats roosted in fire/beetle-killed loblolly pine reflecting the shifting mosaic forest disturbance dynamic of this bat species.
Sleezer, L.J., P.L. Angermeier, and E.A. Frimpong. 2019. A brief history of non-native fish invasions in the New River basin. New River Symposium.	April 2019	overview of fish invasions for general audience
Sleezer, L.J, E.A. Frimpong, and P.L. Angermeier. 2019. Examining multi-scale effects of land use on fish abundance within the New River basin. Joint meeting of Virginia, Virginia Tech, and West Virginia chapters, American Fisheries Society.	February 2019	new findings on effects of land use and physiography on fish distribution and abundance
Silvis, A., W.M. Ford, and E.R. Britzke.2014. EFFECTS OF HIERARCHICAL ROOST REMOVAL ON NORTHERN BAT ROOSTING ECOLOGY 2014 Colloquium of Conservation of Mammals in the South. Nacogdoches, TX.	February 2014	The area and spatial extent of northern bat roost use in years following experimental day-roost removal were largely similar to pre-removal. However, roost use patterns within these areas did change.
Silvis, A., W.M. Ford, and E.R. Britzke. 2014. Roost Tree Selection by Bats - What Do Random Trees and One Year of Data Really Tell Us? 2014 North American Society for Bat Research. Oct. 22-25, Albany NY.	October 2014	Comparing random trees to trees used by roosting bats within a year fails to capture variation necessary to comment on bat roost use relative to forest conditions.
Silvis, A., W.M. Ford, E.R. Britzke. Northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) management: Insights from a multi-year study at Fort Knox, Kentucky. 2015 JOINT NATIONAL CONFERENCE of ASMR and ARRI, Lexington KY. June 16, 2015.I	June 2015	Northern bat maternity colonies occur in clusters on the landscape. A 1.5 km radius zone around any known roost tree probably protects the entire colony from "take" via forest-clearing activities.
Silvis, A., W.M. Ford, E.R. Britzke, and N. Beane. 2012. Land use history and maternity roost selection by Myotis septentrionalis in a mesyophytic hardwood forest. 22nd Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the South. February 23-24, Louisville, MS.	February 2012
Silvis, A., W.M. Ford, E.R. Britzke, and J.B. Johnson. 2013. Northern bat maternity colony networks. Abstracts of the 2013 Wildlife Society Meeting. Milwaukee, WI. October 5-8.	October 2013	Northern bats (Myotis septentrionalis) form distince forest area maternity colony roost networks. Removal of > 20% of tree/snag-roosts will fragment the network.
Silvis, A., W.M. Ford, E.R. Britzke, N. Beane, and J.B. Johnson. Day-roost ecology of the northern bat (Myotis septentrionalis) in a mesophytic hardwood forest. 9th North American Forest Ecology Workshop. Bloomington, Indiana. June 16-20.	June 2013	Day-roost habitat for northern bats often is a product of complex disturbance and forest successional processes that occur over decades. Current forestry practices may not provide similar habitats in the future forest.
Silvis, A., W.M. Ford, E.R. Britzke and J.B. Johnson. 2013. Identification and delineation of Myotis septentrionalis day-roost networks. 2013 Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the South. Pikeville, Tennessee. February 14-15.	February 2013	Movement based networks aptly describe northern bat non-random assorting networks on the landscape. While networks minimally overlapped spatially, roost and area use by networks was exclusive in reality.
Silvis, A., W.M. Ford and E.R. Britzke. 2015. Northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) management: Insights from a multi-year study at Fort Knox, Kentucky. American Society of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.	June 2015	Potential listing of the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) as endangered likely will impact resource management activities involving forest removal or harvesting in the eastern United States.
Silvis, A., S. Sweeten, W.M. Ford and A. Kniowski. 2016. POST WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME DISTRIBUTION OF NORTHERN LONG-EARED AND INDIANA BATS IN VIRGINIA. 2016 Northeast Bat Working Group, Baltimore MD. January 12-13.	January 2016	Bat species assemblages and focal species occupancy varies across Virginia. Species affected by WNS are much reduced in overall distribution within the Commonwealth, though presence of the endangered Indiana bat and threatened northern long-eared bat unexpectedly is occurring still in the lower Piedmont and into the Coastal Plain.
Silvis, A., M. Hyde, E.M. Hallerman and W.M. Ford. 2016. Effects Of Roost Removal On Social And Genetic Aspects Of Northern Long-eared Bat Maternity Colony Dynamics. 23rd Annual Wildlife Society Conference, Raleigh, NC. October 15-19.	October 2016	Threatened northern long-eared bats form distinct maternity colonies with some evidence of matrilineal relationships. However, redundancy in roost availability and presence of unrelated individuals suggest that limited roost loss is unlikely to have negative effects on bat social structure or dispersal patterns, provided that roost loss itself does not cause direct mortality.
Silvis, A., J. Hall, S. Deeley, M. Mutherspaugh, L. Austin, N. Kalen, M. St. Germain and W.M. Ford. 2017. Level of effort required for northern long-eared bat surveys and colony status assessment in the mid-Atlantic region. 2017 Northeast Bat Working Group. January 11-12, Amherst MA.	January 2017	Since the advent of White-nose Syndrome, northern long-eared bat populations have plummeted in the East. Declining catch per unit effort along with failed maternity colonies provide supporting evidence indicating loss of species viability in the region.
Silvis, A., A.B. Kniowski, J.L. Rodrigue, and W.M. Ford. 2014. FOREST HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS OF THE NORTHERN BAT DERIVED FROM LONG-TERM RESEARCH ON THE FERNOW EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, WV. 2014 Colloquium on fhe Conservation of Mammals in the South, Nacogdoches, TX.	February 2014	The output and usefulness of probabilistic distribution models depends upon input, i.e., whether netting location, acoustic location or day-roost location. How habitats are ranked for bats depends upon the method uses.
Silvis, A. and W.M. Ford 2017. Thoughts on uncertainty in bat acoustics. 2017 Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals, Asheville NC. Feb. 16-17.	February 2017	Uncertainty in bat acoustic sampling and failure to consider false-negatives as conservation implications for bats. Sampling design should more fully consider underlying assumptions for survey inference.
Silivis, A., W.M. Ford and E.R. Britzke. 2015. Insights for conservation of northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis) derived from a multi-year study at Fort Knox, Kentucky. North American Joint Bat Working Group Meeting, St. Louis, MO.	March 2015	Protection buffers has required by proposed 4(d) rule might be insufficient to protect northern long-eared bat maternity roosts in some landscapes depending up management activity and level of disturbance. Single-year roost descriptions also may not encompass inter-year variation sufficient for formulating conservation measures.
Shirazi, M.J.., D. Hakkenberg, N. Abaid, W. M.Ford, and A Silvis. 2017. Relationships of environmental structure to echolocation pulse quality. 2017 Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals. Asheville, NC. Feb. 16-17.	February 2017	Influences on how forest clutter (stem density, basal area and foliage) and microphone position affects bat echolocation return signals to acoustic detectors are largely speculative. Using a controlled laboratory setting with playback devices, call quality was remarkably good with moderate amounts of clutter across microphone angles, though quality degraded as clutter reached levels indicative of overstocked hardwood forests.
Sheldon, D., M.R. Vaughan, and J. Parkhurst. 2001. Research and management related bear injuries and mortalities. Presented at the 13th International Conference on Bear Research and Management. Jackson Hole, WY, May 20-26, 2001	May 2001
Schuler, T.M., M. Thomas-Van Gundy, M.B. Adams and W.M. Ford. 2011. The mesophytic seed bank and response to prescribed fire. 8th North American Forest Ecology Workshop. 8:156.	June 2011
Saylor, R.K., N.W.R. Lapointe, and P.L. Angermeier. 2012. Diet ecology of non-native northern snakehead (Channa argus) compared to three co-occurring predators in the lower Potomac River. Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society.	February 2012
Savidge, T., M. Petty, and R. J. Neves. March 2003. Distribution survey of the James spinymussel (Pleurobema collina) in the Dan River drainage, Virginia. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
Santiago, M., M. Armstong, W.M. Ford and T.L. Derring. 2014. BAT SURVEYS IN THE KENTUCKY PURCHASE: WHAT DOES ACOUSTICS AND NETTING BUY PRE-WNS? 2014 Colloquium of Conservation of Mammals in the South. Nacogdoches, TX.	February 2014	Pre-WNS, mist-netting still slightly outperforms acoustical surveys in yield higher detection probabilities for most bat species, including the endangered Indiana bat in western Kentucky. However, actual effort in terms of man-hours and cost support the notion that acoustics are more efficacious.
S.W. Donahue, M. R. Vaughan, L. M. Demers, and H. J. Donahue. Disuse osteopenia in hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus). 30th International Workshop on Hard Tissue Biology. Sun Valley, ID. 2000	June 2000
S.W. Donahue, M. R. Vaughan, L. M. Demers, and H. J. Donahue. Disuse osteopenia in hibernating bears. 31st International Workshop on Hard Tissue Biology. Sun Valley, ID. 2001.	November 2001
Ryan, C.W., and M.R. Vaughan. 2000. Denning ecology of black bears in southwestern Virginia. 56th Annual Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference.	April 2000
Ryan, C.W., and M.R. Vaughan. 2000 Reproduction and survival of black bears in southwestern Virginia. 56th Annual Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference.	April 2000
Ryan, C.W., M.R. Vaughan, J.B. Meldrum, R.B. Duncan, and J.W. Edwards. 2007. Retention time of Telazol in black bears	April 2007
Rosenberger, A.E. and P.L. Angermeier. Habitat associations of the endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) in three Virginia rivers: implications for conservation.	February 2002
Rosenberger, A.E. and P.L. Angermeier. February 2002. Habitat associations of the endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) in three Virginia rivers: implications for conservation. Annual meeting of Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. Little Rock, AR.	February 2002
Rosenberger, A.E. and P.L. Angermeier. December 2001. Size-related shifts in habitat use by the endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex): implications for conservation. Joint meeting of Virginia Tech Chapter and Tennessee Student Subunit of American Fisheries Society, Blacksburg, VA.	December 2001
Rosenberger, A.E. and P.L. Angermeier. August 2002. Habitat associations of the endangered Roanoke logperch in three Virginia rivers. Annual meeting of American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Kansas City, MO.	August 2002
Rosenberger, A. and P.L. Angermeier. February 2001. Size-related shifts in habitat use by the federally endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex): implication for conservation, Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Jacksonville, FL.	February 2001
Rogers, S.O., and R.J. Neves. March 12, 2001. Host fish suitability and population demographics of the endangered tan riffleshell (Epioblasma florentina walkeri) in Virginia. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Pittsburgh, PA.	March 2001
Robyn A. Niver, Mike Armstrong, Andrew King, and W. Mark Ford. 2014. The 2014 Indiana bat summer survey guidance. 2014 Northeastern Bat Working Group. Jan 8-10, Clinton NJ.	January 2014	Efforts to determine presence of endangered Indiana bats will require more effort/duration than previous to the declines from WNS.
Roberts, J.H., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2014. Potential for genetic monitoring to detect biotic impacts of river habitat fragmentation and land-use change. Annual meeting of Virginia Chapter, American Fisheries Society.	February 2014	innovative application of environmental DNA in fish conservation
Roberts, J.H., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2013. A new framework to evaluate and avert risks to fragmented populations of stream fish. Annual meeting of International Congress for Conservation Biology.	July 2013	new approach to prioritizing management of risks for small populations of fish
Roberts, J.H., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2011. Using spatial ecological and genetic data to inform conservation of endangered Roanoke logperch. Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society.	January 2011
Roberts, J.H., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2010. Extensive dispersal of Roanoke logperch inferred from genetic marker data. Annual meeting of Southeastern Fishes Council.	June 2010
Roberts, J.H., P.L. Angermeier, E.M. Hallerman, D.J. Dutton, and J.E. Davis. 2008. Population genetics of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex), an endangered stream fish, inform its conservation strategy. Annual meeting of Society for Conservation Biology	July 2008
Roberts, J.H., D.J. Dutton, P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2007. Using microsatellites to characterize the population genetic structure of redline and greenside darters in the upper Tennessee River basin. Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society.	February 2007
Roberts, J.H., D.J. Dutton, P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2007. Incorporating population boundaries into AGAP assessments: is Gerrymandering in order? Annual meeting of National Gap Analysis Program.	September 2007
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. Influences of instream features on the dispersal patterns of darters.	February 2002
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. February 2005. Assumptions, evolution, and application of conceptual models of Roanoke logperch population dynamics. AFS-Southern Division meeting, Virginia Beach, VA.	February 2005
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. Feb 2024. Recovery of endangered Roanoke Logperch: key lessons on teamwork, persistence, and dealing with uncertainty. Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society. (invited)	February 2024	synthesis of conservation efforts for an endangered fish
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2003. A comparison of injectable flourescent marks in two genera of darters: effects on mortality and retention rates. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society, Southern Division, Wilmington, NC.	February 2003
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2002. Influences of instream features on the dispersal patterns of darters. Annual meeting of Southern Division of the American Fisheries Society. Little Rock, AR.	February 2002
Roberts, J., Y. Jiao, P. Angermeier, and B. Albanese. 2011. Linking individual fish movement to the demographics and genetics of populations. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. (invited)	September 2011
Roberts, J., Y. Jiao, P. Angermeier, and B. Albanese. 2012. A meta-analysis of North American stream fish movement studies. Annual meeting of Virginia Chapter, American Fisheries Society.	February 2012
Roberts, J., E. Hallerman, J. Jones, and P. Angermeier. 2010. Effects of dams, reservoirs, and tailwaters on functional connectivity in the upper Tennessee River basin. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. (invited)	September 2010
Roberts, J., D. Dutton, J. Davis, P. Angermeier, and E. Hallerman. 2009. Balancing risks to the endangered Roanoke logperch. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. Nashville, TN (invited)	September 2009
Reynolds, R., K.E. Francl, W. Orndorff, and W.M. Ford. 2013. Assessing population and demographic trends in Virginia's cave bats, 2008-2012. 2013 Virginia Chapter of the Wildlife Society Meeting. Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia. February 12-13.	February 2013	Physiology parameters for bats surviving White-nose syndrome in Virginia appeared to drop immediately after "area" infection but rebounded in subsequent years, i.e., mass, forearm length and BMI. Populations have not recovered however.
Reynolds, R., K. Powers, W. Orndorff, C. Hobson and W.M. Ford. 2016. CHANGES IN NORTHERN LONG-EARED BAT CAPTURE RATES AND DEMOGRAPHICS IN WESTERN VIRGINIA: PRE AND POST WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME. 2016 Northeast Bat Working Group, Baltimore, MD, January 11-13.	January 2016	Capture per unit effort of the threatened northern long-eared bat is declining post-WNS in Virginia. Reproductive measures suggest recruitment is low.
Re, B.C., and E.A. Hunter. 2023. Mechanisms of nest predation risk assessment for a declining tidal marsh songbird. The Wildlife Society 30th Annual Conference, Louisville, KY. November 5-9, 2023.	November 2023	Here, we aim to investigate the potential mechanisms, or cues, SALS use to assess predation risk through a multi-year study. First, we will generate a list of potential nest predators via camera trapping, and use this information to conduct auditory experiments the following nesting season.
Re, B.C. and E.A. Hunter. Assessing within-season dispersal dynamics and breeding pressures for a declining tidal marsh obligate songbird. American Ornithological Society Annual meeting, Estes Park, Colorado, October 2024.	October 2024	Primary threats facing Saltmarsh Sparrows include low reproductive success and the loss of high marsh nesting habitat through increased rates of sea-level rise. we documented high rates of apparent nest abandonment (8 of 45 nests) and low recapture rates of banded females (7 from a total of 23 banded females) leading us to question whether females were dying or dispersing from the site at the southern end of the breeding range.
Rash, J. and R.J. Neves. May 2005. Life history characteristics of the Atlantic pigtoe (Fusconaia masoni). Virginia Academy of Science, Harrisonburg, VA.	May 2005
R.J. Neves. May 2004. Restoration of endangered freshwater mussel populations to rivers. River Management Society, Lake Tahoe, CA.	May 2004
Quinlan, B.A., H.N. Abernathy, J.P. Rosenberger, D.M. Kalb, E.D. Thorne, W.M. Ford and M.J. Cherry. 2024. Exploratory ecology of reintroduced elk. 34th Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals of the Southeast.	February 2024	Exploratory movements of elk newly reintroduced in southwest Virginia were greater for adults than juveniles or yearlings and movements were farther in the initial year than subsequent releases.
Quinlan, B.A., B.R. Jesmer, J.P. Rosenberger, W.M. Ford and M.J. Cherry. 2023. Resource selection during the calf-rearing season for restored elk in southwestern Virginia. 30th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society, Louisville, KY. November 4-9.	November 2023	The success of elk restoration in the Appalachian Coalfields requires managers to know habitat selection in this highly dynamic landscape where putative habitat will no longer be created with the decline in surface mining. Female elk largely selected reclaimed surface mines and the edges of adjacent forests in areas with gentle topography during the calving and early natal periods.
Quinlan, B., H. Abernathy, D. Kalb, E.D. Thorne, W.M. Ford and M.J. Cherry. 2020. Elk in the Old Dominion: preliminary assessment of habitat assessment. 27th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society. Sept 28-Oct 1.	September 2020	Reintroduced elk in southwest Virginia largely selected post-mined reclaimed landscapes over all other habitat types. The notable exception was non-mined open habitats (livestock pasture) with available cool-season grasses in the winter and early spring highlighting where possible future human-elk conflict is likely to occur.
Quinlan, B., B. Jesmer, J. Rosenberger, W.M. Ford and M.J. Cherry. 2023. Resource selection during the calf-rearing season for restored elk in southwestern Virginia. Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Corpus Christi, TX. October 18.	October 2023	Data on habitat selection by reintroduced elk populations in necessary to inform management for successful herd establishment and expansion. In southwest Virginia, use preference in the calf-rearing season centered on gently sloping reclaimed mine grasslands and conifer forests.
Powers, K.E., W. Orndorff, R. J. Reynolds, M. Short, T. Malabad, W.M. Ford, K. Kosič-Ficco and S. Sweeten. 2019. Gray bat activity in southwest Virginia. 2019 Northeast Bat Working Group Meeting, State College PA, January 16-18.	January 2019	Despite presence of WNS, endangered gray bats seem relatively unaffected and may be expanding their range where little brown bats have become extirpated. Results from southwest Virginia suggest the whole of the Tennessee River Valley is occupied and a jump to the New River system is possible.
Powers, K., R. Reynolds, W. Orndorff, W.M. Ford and C. Hobson. 2015. Update on hibernacula trends in Virginia's cave bats, 2009-2015. Virginia Wildlife Society, Natural Bridge, VA.	February 2015	Cave bats in Virginia have declined to low numbers due to white-nose syndrome from 2009-present.
Powers, K., B. Hzyz, R. Reynolds, W. Orndorff and W.M. Ford. 2016. MONITORING THE STATUS OF GRAY BATS (MYOTIS GRISESCENS) IN VIRGINIA AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME. 2016 Northeast Bat Working Group, Baltimore, MD. January 11-13.	January 2016	No changes to body mass index, post-WNS are indicated in Virginia's gray bats. However, there is a slight trend of decreasing juvenile recruitment.
Power, K., R. Reynolds, and W.M. Ford. 2023. Management Tools and Knowledge Gaps in Managing for Allegheny Woodrats. 78th Annual Northeast Fish & Wildlife Conference, Hershey, PA. April 30-May 2.	May 2023	The Allegheny woodrat is a declining species throughout much of the Northeast due to a variety of factors. Multi-factor management approaches combining forest habitat management, food supplementation, parasite control and artificial structures could aid recovery.
Pendleton, R., N.W.R. Lapointe, and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Describing the impact of non-native fishes: spatial patterns and species traits. Species Introductions and Re-introduction Symposium, co-sponsored by American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society.	January 2010
Pendleton, R., N.W.R. Lapointe, and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Describing the impact of non-native fishes: spatial patterns and species traits. 11th Ecological Integration Symposium – Understanding Patterns and Processes Across Scales.	January 2010
Ostby, B.J.K. and R.J. Neves. May 2005. Use of mesohabitat and microhabitat patches by freshwater mussels in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium, St. Paul, MN.	May 2005
Ostby, B.J. and R.J. Neves. May 2004. Characterization of freshwater mussel microhabitat in the upper Clinch River, Virginia. Virginia Academy of Science, Richmond, VA.	May 2004
Ostby, B., and R.J. Neves. November 2003. Characterization of suitable freshwater mussels microhabitat in the upper Clinch River, Virginia. Third Annual Future Fisheries Professionals Student Colloquium, Morgantown, WV.	November 2003
Ostby, B., P. Angermeier, and M. Pinder. 2013. Semi-quantitative surveys of the freshwater mollusk assemblages in the Little River, Virginia. Poster at annual meeting of Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society.	March 2013	provides new information on status of important river for freshwater mussel conservation
Olfenbuttel, C., and M.R. Vaughan. 2006. Home range dynamics of black bears in the Alleghany Mountains of western Virginia. Presented by Olfenbuttel at the 60th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies in Norfolk, VA.	April 2006
Olfenbuttel, C., N. Parker, and M. Vaughan. 2002. Use of Ultrasonography as a non-invasive tool to detect and monitor black bear fetal development. 14th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Steinkjer, Norway, July 29-August 3, 2002.	July 2002
Olfenbuttel, C., B. Parker, and M. Vaughan. November 2002. Reproduction in female black bears: monitoring pre- and post-natal development in cubs' Carnivore 2002 Meeting, Monterey, CA.	November 2002
Olfenbuttel, C., A.S. Bridges, and M.R. Vaughan. 2003. Reproductive biology in American black bears. 3rd International Wildlife Congress, Christchurch, New Zealand.	December 2003
Olfenbuttel, C., A. Bridges, and M. Vaughan. 2001. Introduction of captive-raised orphaned black bear cubs into the wild. 13th International Conference on Bear Research and Management. Jackson Hole, WY, May 20-26, 2001.	May 2001
Olden, J.D., N.L. Poff, and P.L. Angermeier. Feb 2004. Impacts of altered riverine thermal regimes on warmwater fish assemblages - the establishment of productive tailwater trout fisheries but at what cost? Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society, Oklahoma City, OK. (invited)	February 2004
Olden, J.D., N.L. Poff, and P.L. Angermeier. Aug 2004. Upstream and downstream recovery of warmwater fish assemblages to multiple dam disturbance gradients. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society, Madison, WI.	August 2004
Odom, R.H.,S.P. Prisl ey, W.M. Ford, N.M. Beane, S.R. Brasfield, and E.R. Britzke. 2013. Using Holdridge Life Zones to characterize potential impacts of climate. Poster Presentation. 2013 Society of American Foresters Annual Conference. Charleston, SC. change on forest ecoregions in the eastern United States.	October 2013	Climate change to forest ecosystems on DOD installations may depart from current most in the Lake States and New England and less in the Southeast.
O'Neill, D., L. Crane, and M. Vaughan. 2001. Modifying Aldrich foot snares to reduce injuries to black bears. 13th International Conference on Bear Research and Management. Jackson Hole, WY, May 20-26, 2001.	May 2001
Nocera, T.A., C.A. Dobony, A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2018. WNS-INDUCED TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHANGES IN LITTLE BROWN BAT ACTIVTY. 28th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S. Roanoke, VA, March 27-29.	March 2018	Habitat associations of little brown bats in Ft. Drum, New York, did not change from pre- to post-WNS years. However, activity centers became smaller and more concentrated owing to the reduction in population size post-WNS.
Nocera, T., C.A. Dobony, A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2018. WNS-induced temporal and spatial changes in little brown bat activity. 2018 The Wildlife Society Meeting. Cleveland, OH. October 7-11.	October 2018	White-nose Syndrome effects when modeled in a spatially and temporally explicit manner show an almost complete loss of Myotis lucifugus activity on a northeastern landscape in New York. Remaining centers of activity are concentrated on woody wetland habitats.
Nocera, T., C.A. Dobony, A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2018. LET’S JUST AGREE TO DISAGREE: COMPARING AUTO-ACOUSTIC IDENTIFICATION PROGRAMS. 28th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S. Roanoke, VA, March 27-29.	March 2018	Inter-program agreement of bat identification software had poor agreement between programs on a file level. However, night/site level pairwise comparative analysis indicated that the programs are consistent in determining simple occupancy
Neves, RJ., J.W. Jones, W.F. Henley, and RA. Mair. March 2003. Freshwater mussel propagation: the harvest is great but the workers are few. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
Neves, R.J., M.R. Vaughan, and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Endangered species research at the Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Deans Forum on the Environment, Virginia Tech.	October 2007
Neves, R.J., J.W.Jones, W.F. Henley, and R. Mair. February 2003. Construction of a mussel propagation facility: a partnership for restoration and recovery of endangered species. Aquaculture America Conference, Louisvile, KY.	February 2003
Neves, R.J., J.W. Jones, and W.F. Henley. Propagation of endangered freshwater mussels in recirculating culture systems. National Shellfisheries Association, Mystic, CT.	April 2002
Neves, R.J., J.W. Jones, W.F. Henley, and R. M. Mair. April 2003. Propagation of freshwater mussels for pearl culture. National Shellfisheries Association, New Orleans, LA.	April 2003
Neves, R.J., J. Jones, and E. Hallerman. June 2004. Conservation and restoration of freshwater fauna in the United States. Conservation Genetics Workshop on Imperiled Mollusks and Fishes, Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Shepherdstown, WV.	June 2004
Neves, R.J. and J.W. Jones. December 2001. Freshwater mussel research at Virginia Tech, Tennessee Rare Aquatic Mollusk Committee Meeting, Knoxville, TN.	December 2001
Neves, R.J. and D. Hua. May 2005. Feasibility of pearl culture using native freshwater mussels. Native American Fish and Wildlife Society, Choctaw, MS.	May 2005
Neves, R.J. and C. Barnhart. Methods for culturing freshwater mussels, USEPA Mussel ToxicityWorkshop Chicago, IL	August 2005
Neves, R.J. October 2004. Endangered aquatic species. Conference on Creationism, Front Royal, VA.	October 2004
Neves, R.J. November 2003. Freshwater mussel propagation: bringing back the natives. North American Lake Management Society, Foxwoods, CT.	November 2003
Neves, R.J. May 2005. The James spinymussel. VDOT Workshop, Wytheville, VA.	May 2005
Neves, R.J. March 2005. The James spinymussel. Upper James River Roundtable Meeting, Warm Springs, VA.	March 2005
Neves, R.J. March 2004. Status of freshwater mussels in the Southeast. March 2004. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Tuscaloosa, AL.	March 2004
Neves, R.J. March 2004. Restoration of freshwater mussel populations after NRDA settlements. Natural Resource Damage Assessment Workshop on Restoration, Phoenix, AZ.	March 2004
Neves, R.J. March 2004. Recovery of endangered mussel populations in rivers of the eastern United States. National Shellfisheries Association, Honolulu, HI.	March 2004
Neves, R.J. March 2002. Concluding remarks on the propagation workshop. Freshwater Mollusk Propagation Workshop, Shepherdstown, WV.	March 2002
Neves, R.J. March 19, 2001. Propagation and restoration of endangered mussels in the Tennessee River system, U.S.A. Malacological Society of London, Cambridge, England.	March 2001
Neves, R.J. July 2004. Propagation of endangered freshwater mussel populations in the eastern United States. World Congress of Malacology, Perth, Australia.	July 2004
Neves, R.J. August 20, 2001. Propagation of endangered mollusks in North America. World Malacological Congress, Vienna, Austria.	August 2001
Neves, R.J. April 28, 2001. Invertebrates- why should we care. Conference on the Value of Nature, Blacksburg, VA.	April 2001
Neves, R.J. An introduction andoverview of freshwater musselpropagation. Freshwater Mollusk Propagation Workshop, Shepherdstown, WV.	March 2002
Neves, R. J., and L. A. Helfrich. May 2000. Multimedia public education for the recovery of America's threatened aquatic animals. North American Benthological Society, Keystone, CO.	May 2000
Neves, R. J. November 1999. A modern Noah's ark story: saving endangered mollusks from extinction. Invited Seminar. University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.	November 1999
Needham, K., and M. R. Vaughan. 1999. Evaluating black bear cub subcutaneous implants. Sixth Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Austin, TX.	November 2000
Neal, E.A., C.M. Gatenby, D.A. Kreeger, A. Capili, and R.J. Neves. March 2003. Clearance rate of wild Elliptio dilatata, Lasmigona costata, and Actinnoaias ligamentina. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
Nareff, G.E., P.B. Wood, T. Fearer, K. Parker, W.M. Ford, J. Larkin, S. Stoleson. Cerulean Warbler and Associated Species Response to Silvicultural Prescriptions in the Central Appalachian Region. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Pittsburgh, PA. Oct 2014	October 2014	This study is examining use of timber harvest techniques to improve habitat for forest songbirds. The results will allow us to refine the existing habitat management guidelines for cerulean warblers and associated avian species.
Nareff, G.E., P.B. Wood, T. Fearer, K. Parker, W.M. Ford, J. Larkin, S. Stoleson. Cerulean Warbler and Associated Species Response to Silvicultural Prescriptions in the Central Appalachian Region. NE-SE Partners in Flight. Virginia Beach, VA. Oct 2014	October 2014	This study is examining use of timber harvest techniques to improve habitat for forest songbirds. The results will allow us to refine the existing habitat management guidelines for cerulean warblers and associated avian species.
Nareff, G.E., P.B. Wood, T. Fearer, J. Larkin, W.M. Ford, S. Stoleson. Cerulean Warbler and Associated Species Response to Silvicultural Prescriptions in the Central Appalachian Region. North American Ornithological Conference. Washington D.C.	August 2016	This study is examining use of timber harvest techniques to improve habitat for forest songbirds. The results will allow us to refine the existing habitat management guidelines for cerulean warblers and associated avian species.
Muthersbaugh, M.S., A. Silvis, S.E. Sweeten, and W.M. Ford. 2017. Fall and spring activity of bat species in the central Appalachians around hibernacula. 2017 Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals. Asheville, NC. Feb 16-17.	February 2017	Pre-hibernation and post-hibernation temporal and spatial activity of bats is poorly know in the Appalachians. In the spring, day number was the most influential model predicting activity around caves whereas in the fall activity was more variable with weather - though activity did cease by November and collapsed nearer to hibernacula throughout the fall.
Muthersbaugh, M.A., S.E. Sweeten, A. Silvis, W.M. Ford and L.V. Austin. 2016. Fall activity patterns of migratory and cave dwelling bats species in the central Appalachians. 23rd Annual Wildlife Society Conference, Raleigh, NC. October 15-19.	October 2016	Day of year, time of night, elevation, temperature, windspeed and precipitation are important factors determining fall bat activity using acoustical detectors in the Appalachians prior to hibernation. Distinct specific-patterns were evident, including documentation of migratory pulses of eastern red bats and hoary bats in the region.
Muthersbaugh, M., S. Sweeten, A. Silvis, W.M. Ford and L. Austin. 2016. FALL ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF MIGRATORY AND CAVE DWELLING BAT SPECIES IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS. 2016 Northeast Bat Working Group, Baltimore MD. January 12-13.	January 2016	Pre-hibernation bat activity declines with increasing elevation as autumn progresses. Activity around hibernacula peaks in mid-October concomitant with the onset of hibernation.
Muthersbaugh, M, A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2018. DRIVERS OF FALL AND SPRING HOURLY ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF MIGRATORY BAT SPECIES IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS. 28th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S. Roanoke, VA, March 27-29.	March 2018	Overall migratory bat activity decreased through the autumn and migratory bat activity generally increased through the spring. Relative to potential wind energy implications, drivers of activity varied, but date, hour of night, and ambient temperature generally had the largest effects on hourly migratory bat activity.
Mummert, A.K., J.J. Newcomb, and R.J. Neves. May 23, 2001. Propagation of juvenile mussels at a national fish hatchery. Virginia Academy of Science, Harrisonburg, VA.	May 2001
Mummert, A. K., R. J. Neves, and T. J. Newcomb. June 2000. Can we raise mussels in a fish hatchery raceway? Centennial Celebration of White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, White Sulphur Springs, WV.	June 2000
Moyer, G., J. Roberts, E. Hallerman, and P. Angermeier. 2015. Developing a translocation risk- assessment framework for aquatic organisms of the southeastern United States. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	August 2015	new risk-assessment framework for conservation genetics
Mouser, J.B., S. Ciparis, and P.L. Angermeier. May 2022. Responses of stream health to agricultural best management practices. Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting.	May 2022	new work to assess BMP efficacy
Mouser, J.B., S. Ciparis, and P.L. Angermeier. 2020. Assessing efficacy of agricultural BMPs to inform stream restoration in southwestern Virginia. Virginia Tech’s Annual Interfaces of Global Change Graduate Student Research Symposium. [postponed due to covid-19]	April 2020	new project on assessing efficacy of agricultural BMPs
Mouser, J.B., S. Ciparis, and P. Angermeier. Apr 2021. Assessing efficacy of agricultural best management practices for restoring stream health. Virginia Tech’s Annual Interfaces of Global Change Graduate Student Research Symposium.	April 2021	new work on using an interdisciplinary approach to assess factors that may influence BMP efficacy.
Mouser, J.B., S. Ciparis, A. Dayer, J. Czuba, and P.L. Angermeier. Apr 2024. Using a social-ecological framework to support decisions regarding agricultural best management practices. Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference. (invited)	April 2024	interdisciplinary approach to assessing efficacy of agricultural BMPs
Mouser, J.B., S. Ciparis, A. Dayer, J. Czuba, B. Brown, and P. Angermeier. Apr 2023. An interdisciplinary approach enhances understanding the efficacy of agricultural best management practices for protecting stream health. Virginia Tech’s Annual Interfaces of Global Change Graduate Student Research Symposium.	April 2023	overview of PhD research
Mouser, J.B., A.C. Belvin, A. Pennino, S. Plont, C.D. Robinson, L.B. Smith, J. Thapa, C.E. Zipper, P.L. Angermeier, S.A. Entrekin, and R.H. Walker. Apr 2022. Rubbing salt in wounded ecosystems: an ICG capstone review of animal responses to anthropogenic salinization. Virginia Tech’s Annual Interfaces of Global Change Graduate Student Research Symposium.	April 2022	review of global biotic impacts of freshwater salinization
Mouser, J.B., A. Dayer, S. Ciparis, and P.L. Angermeier. Mar 2023. Factors influencing landowners’ use of agricultural best management practices after cost-share contracts end. Annual meeting of Environment Virginia Symposium.	March 2023	new findings on factors influencing landowner use of agricultural BMPs
Mouser, J.B., A. Dayer, S. Ciparis, and P.L. Angermeier. Mar 2022. Using an interdisciplinary approach to assess effects of agricultural best management practices on stream health. Annual meeting of Virginia Lakes and Watersheds Association. (invited)	March 2022	new interdisciplinary approach to assessing BMP efficacy
Mouser, J.B., A. Dayer, S. Ciparis, and P. Angermeier. Mar 2021. An interdisciplinary approach for determining efficacy of agricultural best management practices. Annual meeting of Virginia Lakes and Watersheds Association.	March 2021	new work seeking to understand BMP efficacy using an interdisciplinary approach involving watershed modeling, examination of ecological relationships with BMP installation, and assessments of landowner behaviors and perspectives.
Mouser, J.B, R. Walker, S. Entrekin, and P. Angermeier. Apr 2021. Influence of salinization on freshwater crustaceans (Decapoda: Amphipoda, Astacidea Brachyura, Caridea, and Isopoda). Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society.	April 2021	new review of effects of salinization on freshwater crustacea
Moran, M.L., A.S. Litterer, J.L. De La Cruz, and W.M. Ford. 2024. Relative activity of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) along the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. 34th Colloquium of Conservation of Mammals in the Southeast. Hilton Head, SC. Feb. 16.	February 2024	After years of white-nose syndrome induced population declines, little brown bat occupancy appears to be increasing along the mid-Potomac River corridor in Maryland.
Moore, S., A. Dwire, and E.A. Hunter. 2021. Using remote sensing to quantify habitat for a declining grassland bird species. The Wildlife Society’s 28^th annual conference, virtual.	November 2021	This is a "student in progress" presentation on proposed work by an undergraduate at Virginia Tech. The objective of this study is to connect known Henslow’s Sparrow microhabitat features in Southeast Georgia to remotely-sensed vegetation features to identify suitable Henslow’s Sparrow habitat at a broader scale.
Moll, D., R. Duncan, J. Jones, M. Moon, D. Blodgett, and M. Vaughan. 2001 Cretinism in a wild American black bear. 13th International Conference on Bear Research and Management. Jackson Hole, WY, May 20-26, 2001.	May 2001
Mohamed, D.A., R.H. Walker, A.C. Belvin, J.B. Mouser, A. Pennino, S. Plont, C.D. Robinson, L.B. Smith, J. Thapa, C.E. Zipper, P.L. Angermeier, and S.A. Entrekin. Jun 2023. Freshwater animal responses to salinization: a review. Annual meeting of Society of Freshwater Science.	June 2023	global synthesis of salinization effects on freshwater animals
Mogollón, B., A. Villamagna, and P. Angermeier. 2013. An ecosystem service framework to evaluate landscape-level sustainability of freshwater recreational fishing. Annual meeting of Virginia Chapter, American Fisheries Society.	February 2013	examines recreational fishing as an ecosystem service and illustrates a new approach for assessing its sustainability
Mogollon, B., A. Villamagna, and P. Angermeier. 2012. Mapping cultural ecosystem services: the case of freshwater recreational fishing in the Albemarle-Pamlico basin. Annual meeting of Mid-Atlantic Chapter, Ecological Society of America.	April 2012
Mogollon, B. and P. Angermeier. 2014. Relative influences of land cover and precipitation on recurrence intervals of inland riverine floods in Virginia and North Carolina. Virginia Tech’s Annual Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Graduate Research Symposium.	April 2014	summarizes new comparisons of flood regimes between forested and urban watersheds
Mogollon, B. and P. Angermeier. 2014. Mapping the capacity of watersheds to regulate floods: technological and biophysical factors. Annual conference of Universities Council on Water Resources.	June 2014	summarizes new comparisons of natural versus anthropogenic controls of riverine flooding
Mogollon, B. and P. Angermeier. 2014. Assessing landscape capacity to regulate floods in elected watersheds across North Carolina and Virginia. Annual meeting of Virginia Water Conference.	March 2014	introduces new approach to assessing role of landscape structure in regulating riverine floods
Millspaugh, J., D.S. Jachowski, R. Slotow, and P.L. Angermeier. 2016. The future of animal reintroduction. Annual meeting of The Wildlife Society.	October 2016	overview of new book on animal reintroduction
Meyers, R.B., S. Klopfer, T. Schenk, W.M. Ford and T. Clements. 2021. Advancing a framework in increase community support for utility-scale solar photovoltaics. Solar Power and Wildlife/Natural Resources Symposium (virtual). Dec 1-3.	December 2021	Renewable energy site selection that has community stakeholder participation has a higher chance of successful implementation. Addition of comprehensive economic, social and environmental scoring procedures increase transparency to stakeholders to disclose impacts and benefits.
Metz, E., and E.A. Hunter. Integrating existing demographic data to identify critical data gaps and estimate population dynamics of Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea). American Ornithological Society Annual meeting, Estes Park, Colorado, October 2024.	October 2024	Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea) have experienced long-term declines in abundance. Multiple research efforts over the past decades have resulted in estimates of several demographic parameters; however, substantial uncertainty remains about which life-stages are limiting to population growth and whether there are critical gaps, either spatially or across life-stages.
McMillian, Z., and E.A. Hunter. Informing Reintroduction of Confiscated Eastern Box Turtles in Virginia. The Wildlife Society 30th Annual Conference, Louisville, KY. November 5-9, 2023.	November 2023	As eastern box turtles (EBTs) are in high demand as pets, they are one of the most highly traded turtle species in the US. Turtles confiscated from illegal trade are often weakened by their captivity and more susceptible to disease. Reintroductions of EBTs may benefit from consideration of disease profiles so that neither resident nor reintroduced individuals face increased disease risk
McLaughlin, C.R. and M.R. Vaughan. 1999 (published in 2002). Research needs and priorities for black bears in the eastern USA. 15th Eastern Black Bear Workshop, Lenox, MA. Pp 116-134. (invited paper).	April 2002
McCann, M.T., J.L. Farris, and RJ. Neves. March 2003. Impacts on early lifestages of freshwater mussels from sediments and contributed metals associated with surface mining in southwest Virginia. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
McBaine, K.E., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2018. Preliminary assessment of within-stream movement patterns of Candy Darter in Virginia. Meeting of Virginia and Virginia Tech chapters, American Fisheries Society.	February 2018	new findings on Candy Darter movement
McBaine, K.E., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2018. Preliminary assessment of within-stream movement patterns of Candy Darter in Virginia. Annual meeting of the Southeastern Fishes Council.	November 2018	preliminary analysis of new data on Candy Darter ecology
McBaine, K.E., P.L. Angermeier, and E.A. Frimpong. 2019. Variation in detectability among riffle- dwelling fishes in two Virginia streams. Joint meeting of Virginia, Virginia Tech, and West Virginia chapters, American Fisheries Society.	February 2019	innovative work on stream fish detectability and occupancy
McBaine, K.E., E.M. Hallerman, and P.L. Angermeier. Feb 2022. Direct and molecular observation of movement and reproduction by Candy Darter, Etheostoma osburni, an endangered benthic stream fish. Annual meeting of Virginia Chapter, American Fisheries Society.	February 2022	novel study of movement by an imperiled fish
McBaine, K.E. and P.L. Angermeier. 2017. Natural history, threats, and current research related to candy darter in Virginia. New River Symposium.	May 2017	update on imperiled fish of the New River basin
McBaine, K. and P.L. Angermeier. 2019. Evolving threats, conflicts, and management of Candy Darter in Virginia and West Virginia. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	October 2019	overview of Candy Darter mgmt
Mattson, K.M., and P.L Angermeier. June 2003. Threat assessment in conservation planning: transferring approaches from terrestrial to aquatic systems. Annual meeting of Society for Conservation Biology, Duluth, MN.	June 2003
Mattson, K.M., P.L. Angermeier, and E.A. Frimpong. 2007. Testing the sensitivity of a rank-based threat assessment model applied to the upper Tennessee River basin, USA. Annual meeting of International Association of Landscape Ecologists - U.S.	April 2007
Mattson, K.M., P.L. Angermeier, K.L. Krueger. April 2005. Integrating ecological risk into regional planning to conserve freshwater fishes of the upper Tennessee River basin. 10th Annual Spring Research Symposium. Center for Biodiversity and Conservation. American Museum of Natural History. New York, NY.	April 2005
Mattson, K.M. and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. Using determinants of biological integrity to assess ecological risk among watersheds for conservation planning. Annual meeting of North American Benthological Society. (invited)	April 2009
Mattson, K.M. and P.L. Angermeier. 2008. Integrating ecological risks into regional planning: Conserving watersheds in the real world. Annual meeting of Society of Evironmental Journalists.	June 2008
Mattson, K.M. and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Using a vulnerability assessment to determine protective status of fishes in aquatic gap analyses. Annual meeting of National Gap Analysis Program.	September 2007
Mattson, K.M. and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Patterns of change in land use and mussel distributions within the Clinch-Powell River basin, USA. Virginia Tech Symposium on Coal Mining and the Aquatic Environment. (invited)	September 2007
Mattson, K.M, S.D. Klopfer, and P.L. Angermeier. May 2004. Incorporating spatial risk into conservation planning: a protocol for threat assessment. Annual meeting of International Association of Landscape Ecologists. U.S. Las Vegas, NV.	May 2004
Mattson, K., P. Angermeier, and S. Klopfer. Oct 2003. Applying threat assessment to the gap analysis approach in aquatic systems. Poster at annual meeting of the National Gap Analysis Program, Fort Collins, CO.	October 2003
Mattson, K. and P. Angermeier. 2007. Integrating ecological risk into regional planning to conserve freshwater fishes of the upper Tennessee River basin. Deans Forum on the Environment, Virginia Tech.	October 2007
Mather, M. E., P. L. Angermeier, K. L. Pope, L. A. Deegan, C. L. Hopkinson, and M. Vanni. May 2022. Framing questions differently can catalyze innovative solutions to complex aquatic science problems. Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Grand Rapids, Michigan (Virtual).	May 2022	This talk introduces the symposium entitled “Questions we should be asking to advance aquatic research and conservation.”
Martin, Z.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2019. Testing effects of embeddedness on nest-site choice and oviposition by a cavity-nesting stream fish. Virginia Tech’s Annual Interfaces of Global Change Graduate Student Research Symposium.	April 2019	new experimental findings on effects of fine sediment on stream fish reproduction
Martin, Z.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2018. A modeling-monitoring approach to relate sediment loads to stream habitat quality and agricultural best management practices in Copper Creek (Clinch River). Virginia Tech’s Annual Interfaces of Global Change Graduate Student Research Symposium.	April 2018	preliminary findings about BMP efficacy in Copper Creek, VA
Martin, Z., S. Ciparis, P. Angermeier, and D. Orth. 2017. Multi-level impacts of coal mining on stream fish communities in the Clinch River and Powell River watersheds. Annual meeting of Northeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies.	April 2017	multidisciplinary assessment of impacts of coal mining on stream fishes
Martin, Z., S. Ciparis, P. Angermeier, and D. Orth. 2017. Multi-level impacts of coal mining on stream fishes in the Clinch River and Powell River watersheds of Virginia. Virginia Tech’s Annual Interfaces of Global Change Graduate Student Research Symposium.	April 2017	innovative work on impacts of coal mining on stream fishes
Martin, Z., S. Ciparis, P. Angermeier, and D. Orth. 2017. Impacts of coal mining on stream fish diversity and distribution in the Clinch River and Powell River watersheds. Meeting of Virginia and Virginia Tech Chapters, American Fisheries Society.	February 2017	new work documenting impacts of coal mining on stream fishes
Martin, Z., S. Ciparis, D. Orth, and P. Angermeier. 2016. Impacts of mining effluent on fishes in the Clinch River and Powell River watersheds. Virginia Tech’s Annual Interfaces of Global Change Graduate Research Symposium.	April 2016	summarizes new interdisciplinary work to document mining impacts on stream fishes
Martin, Z., P. Angermeier, and D. Orth. 2017. Using species distribution models to identify negative threshold responses to coal mining stressors in Appalachian stream fishes. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. (invited)	August 2017	innovative use of species distribution models to assess impacts of coal mining on stream fishes
Martin, Z., A. Villamagna, L. Scott, and P. Angermeier. 2015. Landscape-scale influences on in-stream habitat for endangered Roanoke logperch, Percina rex. Annual meeting of Virginia Chapter, American Fisheries Society.	February 2015	preliminary analysis of relations between sediment loading and instream habitat quality
Martin, Z. and P. Angermeier. 2018. Testing effects of embeddedness on nest-site choice and oviposition by a cavity-nesting stream fish. Annual meeting of the Southeastern Fishes Council.	November 2018	new experimental findings about sediment impacts on darter reproduction
Martin, G., H. Greenway, J. Buckwalter, and P. Angermeier. 2019. Patterns of larval darter catch in the upper Roanoke River drainage. Poster at joint meeting of Virginia, Virginia Tech, and West Virginia chapters, American Fisheries Society.	February 2019	new spatiotemporal patterns of larval fish abundance
Mair, R.A., J.A. Guyot, and R.J. Neves. May 2005. Host fish identification trials for four species of freshwater mussels in the subfamily Anodontinae. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium, St. Paul, MN.	May 2005
Mair, R., J. Jones, and R.J. Neves. May 2002. Life history aspects of the creeper, Strophitus undulatus, and green floater, Lasmigona subviridis (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Virginia Academy of Science, Hampton, VA.	May 2002
Mair, R., J. Jones, R.J. Neves, S. Ahstedt, and S. Bakaletz. March 2003. Propagation and culture of juvenile freshwater mussels in the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area of the Cumberland River, Tennessee. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
Mair, R. , J. Jones, and R. J. Neves. Life history aspects of the creeper, Strophitus undulatus, and green floater, Lasmigona subviridis (Bivalvia Unionidae).	May 2002
Mahoney, K.R., K.R. Russell, and W.M. Ford. November 2011. Long-term responses of woodland salamanders to prescribed fires in the Appalachian Mountains. The Wildlife Society 18th Annual Conference. Waikoloa, HI. Nov. 5-10.	November 2011
Mahoney, K.R., K.R. Russell, and W.M. Ford. April 2012. Woodland salamander responses to silvicultural practices within the Monongahela National Forest of West Virginia. Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the Ecological Society of America. Blacksburg, VA. April 14.	April 2012
Loope, K.J., M.J. Aresco, D.B. Breakfield, R.A. Cozad, and E.A. Hunter. 2023. Unexpected effect of geographic origin on post-translocation survival in the gopher tortoise. The Wildlife Society 30th Annual Conference, Louisville, KY. November 5-9, 2023.	November 2023	We use a largedataset of individually identifiable carcasses to examine the role of geographic origin andtranslocation distance in the survival of >2800 translocated subadult and adult gopher tortoises(Gopherus polyphemus), a species experiencing large-scale mitigation translocation, at arecipient site in the Florida panhandle. We find that survival slightly increased with increasingclimatic difference between source and recipient site, driven by markedly higher survival oftortoises coming fro
Loope, K.J., M.J. Aresco, D.B. Breakfield, R.A. Cozad, and E.A. Hunter. 2022. Survival analysis of carcasses indicates limited role of geography in translocated tortoise mortality. Gopher Tortoise Council 44th Annual Meeting, Freeport, FL.	November 2022	We present a survival analysis of ~2,200 adult and subadult gopher tortoises translocated to Nokuse Plantation, a large recipient site in the Florida panhandle, from 2006-2022. A Cox survival model indicates that zone of origin (either Panhandle, North, Central or South Florida) explained some variation in survival. Central-zone tortoises had the lowest mortality rate, with North and South tortoises experiencing significantly higher mortality (38 and 53% higher than Central tortoises, respectiv
Loope, K.J., K.T. Shoemaker, J.N. DeSha, D.C. Rostal, B.B. Rothermel, M.J. Aresco, and E.A. Hunter. 2024. How does translocation affect the reproductive rate of female gopher tortoises? Gopher Tortoise Council Annual Meeting, St. Petersburg, FL, Nov 15-17, 2024.	November 2024	We investigated how translocation distance, measured in terms of geographic and climatic difference between source and translocation sites, influenced the probability that female gopher tortoises reproduced each year. We found no effects of female site of origin or years since translocation on reproduction rate. However, females reproduced at different rates across release areas at Nokuse, suggesting habitat quality may influence reproduction.
Loope, K.J., J.N. DeSha, M.J. Aresco, K.T. Shoemaker, and E.A. Hunter. 2022. Reproductive integration of gopher tortoises in a translocated population with multiple source populations. North American Congress for Conservation Biology annual meeting.	July 2022	We tested for reproductive integration in a population of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) translocated from multiple source populations to Nokuse Plantation in the Florida panhandle. The average geographic distance between pair source counties forindividuals from different sites was not significantly lower than that expected from randommating, suggesting no regional or population level effects on reproduction beyond site.
Loope, K.J., J.N. DeSha, M.J. Aresco, K.T. Shoemaker, and E.A. Hunter. 2021. Reproductive integration of gopher tortoises in a translocated population with multiple source populations. The Wildlife Society’s 28th annual conference, virtual.	November 2021	We tested for reproductive integration in a population of adult gopher tortoises (<i>Gopherus polyphemus</i>) translocated from multiple source populations to the Nokuse Plantation site in the panhandle of Florida, USA. The average distance between pair source counties (118 km) was somewhat less than the expected average based on bootstrapping male mates for females (169 km; 95%CI 114-224 km), but the abundance of successful clutches resulting from inter-county matings indicates that females re
Loope, K.J., J.N. DeSha, M.J. Aresco, K.T. Shoemaker, and E.A. Hunter. 2021. Reproductive integration of gopher tortoises in a translocated population with multiple source populations. 43rd Annual Gopher Tortoise Council Meeting, virtual, October 29 2021.	October 2021	We tested for reproductive integration in a population of adult gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) translocated from multiple source populations to the Nokuse Plantation site in the panhandle of Florida, USA. Four of the 17 pairings consisted of tortoises from the same source site, suggesting a possible preference for familiar individuals --- resampling of mates from the observed reproductive adults indicates this is unlikely the result of chance (p=0.04). However, the average geographic di
Loope, K.J., J. Nicole DeSha, R.A. Cozad, D.B. Breakfield, M.J. Aresco, K.T. Shoemaker, and E.A. Hunter. 2023. Survival and reproduction in translocated tortoises: region-of-origin effects and outbreeding depression. Gopher Tortoise Council Annual Meeting, Tifton, GA. November 17-19, 2023.	November 2023	Determining the effects of geographic origin on translocation outcomes can guide policy to improve translocation success. Here, we report on two studies of translocated gopher tortoises examining how geographic origin influences adult survival and nest hatching success at Nokuse, a large recipient site in the Florida panhandle.
Litterer, A.S., H. Taylor, M.C. True, and W.M. Ford. 2022. With apologies to Marie Antoinette "let them eat cicadas" 2022 Northeast Bat Working Group, Manchester, NH. Jan. 12-14.	January 2022	A hatch of 17-year periodic cicada along the Potomac River Corridor in 2021 provided an opportunity to examine bat activity response. When compared to 2020, big brown and eastern red bat activity were higher
Litterer, A. and W.M. Ford. 2024. A Comparison of Estimates of Foraging Space Use of A Little Brown Bat Maternity Colony Using An Azimuthal Telemetry Model and Traditional Bi-angulation and Triangulation. 34th Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeast. Hilton Head, SC. Feb. 16.	February 2024	Delineating little brown bat foraging habitat from standard bi- and tri-angulation radio-telemetry is difficult. Inclusion of a single azimuthal telemetry model improves homerange and habitat selection estimates.
Lipford, K.A., C.A. Diggins and W.M. Ford. 2016. SUMMER OCCUPANCY RATES OF SCIURID POPULATIONS USING CAMERA TRAPS. 26th Annual Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Guntersville, AL. February 18-19.	February 2016	Remote camera monitoring can be an effective tool for documenting Sciurids in the Appalachians. At Mountain Lake, Virginia, eastern chipmunks were most associated with variability in landform indices whereas southern flying squirrels were associated with oak-dominated forests.
Lipford, K.A., C.A. Diggins and W.M. Ford. 2016. Summer habitat occupancy of sciurid populations using camera traps. 23rd Annual Wildlife Society Conference, Raleigh NC. Oct 15-19.	October 2016	Camera trapping can be used to differentiate habitat associations of sciurids in the Appalachian mountains quickly and efficiently.
Linticum, N.V., A. Rosenberger, and P.L. Angermeier. February 2002. Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) age and growth: a comparison between three populations. Annual meeting of Southern Division of American Fisheries Society. Little Rock, AR.	February 2002
Lintecum, N.V., A. Rosenberger, and P.L. Angermeier. Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) age and growth: a comparison between three populations.	February 2002
Liberty, A.J., and R.J. Neves. May 2004. Biochemical composition of four species of freshwater mussels held at a state fish hatchery. Virginia Academy of Science, Richmond, VA.	May 2004
Liberty, A.J. and R.J. Neves. May 2005. Determining a suitable substrate size and sampling frequency for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Virginia Academy of Science, Harrisonburg, VA.	May 2005
Liberty, A. and R.J. Neves. April 2004. Biochemical composition of four species of freshwater mussels held at a state fish hatchery. Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference, Baltimore, MD.	April 2004
Liang, Y., A. Villamagna, and P.L. Angermeier. 2014. Assessing riparian filtration using spatially explicit GIS flowpath models. Annual meeting of Virginia GIS Conference.	September 2014	new GIS method for tracking paths of contaminants to streams
Lee, D., and M. Vaughan. 2002. Dispersal of yearling and subadult black bears in western Virginia. 14th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Steinkjer, Norway, July 29-August 3, 2002.	July 2002
Lee, D. and M.R. Vaughan. 2001. Reliability, retention rate, and signal strength of ear tag transmitters used on black bears in western Virginia. 13th International Conference on Bear Research and Management. Jackson Hole, WY, May 20-26, 2001	May 2001
Lee, D. and M. Vaughan 2004. Survival and dispersal of black bears in Virginia. Texas A&M Student Ecological Conference, College Station, TX.	March 2004
Lawson, G.R., E.A. Hunter, and L.L. Smith. 2023. Gopher tortoise nest-site selection at burrows and the effects of nest environment on hatching success. The Wildlife Society 30th Annual Conference, Louisville, KY. November 5-9, 2023.	November 2023	In gopher tortoises (<i>Gopherus polyphemus</i>), few studies have investigated nest-site selection, and none have evaluated the effects of differing nest environments on clutch hatching success. This presentation will show preliminary data on the relationship between nest shadiness and both nest-site selection and hatching success.
Lawson, G.R., E.A. Hunter, and L.L. Smith. 2023. Gopher tortoise nest-site selection at burrows and the effects of nest environment on hatching success. Gopher Tortoise Council Annual Meeting, Tifton, GA. November 17-19, 2023.	November 2023	In gopher tortoises (<i>Gopherus polyphemus</i>), few studies have investigated nest-site selection, and none have evaluated the effects of differing nest environments on clutch hatching success. This presentation will show preliminary data on the relationship between nest shadiness and both nest-site selection and hatching success.
Lawson, G.R., E.A. Hunter, and L.L. Smith. 2022. Gopher tortoise nest-site selection at burrows and the effects of nest environment on hatching success. Gopher Tortoise Council 44th Annual Meeting, Freeport, FL.	November 2022	In gopher tortoises (<i>Gopherus polyphemus</i>), few studies have investigated nest-site selection, and none have evaluated the effects of differing nest environments on clutch hatching success. This presentation will show preliminary data on the relationship between nest shadiness and both nest-site selection and hatching success.
Lauren V. Austin, Alexander Silvis, Michael S. Muthersbaugh, Karen E. Powers2, W. Mark Ford, and Michael S. Muthersbaugh. 2018. BAT ACTIVITY FOLLOWING REPEATED PRESCRIBED FIRE IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS. 28th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S. Roanoke, VA, March 27-29.	March 2018	Prescribed burning had a slightly positive effect on bat activity in Central Appalachian forests.
Lapointe, N.W.R., R.K. Saylor, and P.L. Angermeier. 2018. Diel feeding and movement activity of Northern Snakehead (Channa argus). 1st International Snakehead Symposium. (invited)	July 2018	new findings on snakehead feeding patterns
Lapointe, N.W.R., J.S. Odenkirk, and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. Movement, dispersal, and home range of northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac River system.	October 2009
Lapointe, N.W.R., J.S. Odenkirk, and P.L. Angermeier. 2008. Natural history of introduced northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac River catchment. Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society.	February 2008
Lapointe, N.W.R., J. Odenkirk, and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Habitat use, home range, and dispersal of recently introduced northern snakehead in the Potomac River catchment. Annual meeting of Ecological Society of America.	August 2007
Lapointe, N.W.R. and P.L. Angermeier. 2012. Ecology of a recently introduced population of northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac River, Virginia. Annual conference on Ecological and Evolutionary Ethology of Fishes.	May 2012
Lapointe, N.W.R. and P.L. Angermeier. 2011. A history of fish invasions in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. and implications for future trends. Annual convention of North American Native Fishes Association (invited). Roanoke, VA	May 2011
Lapointe, N.W.R. and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Estimating risk of fish invaders in the mid-Atlantic region. Semi-annual meeting of the Mid-Atlantic Panel on Aquatic Invasive Species.	June 2010
Lapointe, N.W.R. and P.L. Angermeier. 2008. Natural history of northern snakehead in the Potomac River catchment: implications for control. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	August 2008
Lamaroux, N., N. L. Poff, and P.L. Angermeier. July 2001. Covergence of stream fish community traits in France and Virginia (USA) along geomorphic and hydraulic gradients. 2nd International Symposium for European Freshwater Sciences, Toulouse, France.	July 2001
Lahey, A. and P. Angermeier. 2007. The effect of study extent and grain on the interspecific relation between distribution and abundance in stream fishes. Student Colloquium of Southern Division of American Fisheries Society.	October 2007
Krueger, K.L. and P.L. Angermeier. June 2001. Predicting fish occurrence in large spatial units: effects of sampling aqequacy on inference. Annual meeting of North American Benthological Society, La Crosse, WI.	June 2001
Krueger, K.L. and P.L. Angermeier. January 2003. Comparison of methods to predict the occurrence of fishes among stream reaches in Virginia drainages. International Conference on Resource Selection by Animals. Laramie, WY.	January 2003
Krueger, K.L. and P.L. Angermeier. February 2001. Characterizing fish assemblage composition at large spatial scales: how much sampling is enough? Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society. Jacksonville, FL.	February 2001
Krometis, L.A., P. Angermeier, M. Stern, and T. Hemby. 2018. Relationships among human health and well-being, aquatic ecosystem health, and demographics in Virginia. Annual meeting of American Public Health Association.	November 2018	new findings on spatial relations between ecosystem health and human well-being in Virginia
Kroboth, P., N.W.R. Lapointe, and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Pilot study on the use of passive gears to capture northern snakehead. Joint annual meeting of Virginia Chapter of American Fisheries Society and Virginia Chapter of The Wildlife Society.	January 2010
Kniowski, A.B., M.J. Cherry, N.W. Lafon, D.E. Steffen, W.M. Knox and W.M. Ford. 2017. Effects of mast, landscape composition and herd density on nutritional condition of white-tailed deer in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia. 2017 Southeast Deer Study Group, St. Louis, MO. February 27-March 1.	March 2017	White-tailed deer body mass is highly correlated with good mast crops in the birth and yearling year of life in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia. Deer in counties with large percent area of open or early successional habitat were more buffered from negative impacts of poor mast crops than those in wholly forested counties.
Kniowski, A.B., A. Silvis, S.D. Gehrt and W.M. Ford. 2013. Network structure and social assortment by the Indiana bat at an Ohio maternity site. 2013 Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the South. Pikeville, Tennessee. February 14-15.	February 2013	Indiana bats can switch from a fission-fusion multiple node roost network pattern to a single node roost non-fission fusion network pattern from one year to the next. Indiana bat network structure probably follows a very ephemeral nature of suitable day-roost and forest stand conditions.
Kniowski, A.B. and W.M. Ford. 2016. Spatial patterns of white-tailed deer herbivory in the central Appalachian Mountains. 23rd Annual Wildlife Society Conference, Raleigh, NC. October 15-19.	October 2016	Deleterious deer herbivory impacts to vegetation/biodiversity vary spatially at local and landscape scales in the Appalachians. Inclusion of these variables can improve precision and effectiveness of herbivory-impact monitoring.
Klopfer, S., K. Mattson, and P. Angermeier. 2005. Utilizing available spatial data to assess ecological risk in an aquatic gap analysis for the upper Tennessee River basin. American Fisheries Society, Anchorage, AK.	September 2005
Klenzendorf,S., and M. Vaughan. 2002. Effects of radio collars on black bear survival analyses. 14th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Steinkjer, Norway, July 29-August 3, 2002	July 2002
Klenzendorf, S., and M.R. Vaughan. 2001. Den type fidelity of American black bears in western Virginia. Presented at the 13th International Conference on Bear Research and Management. Jackson Hole, WY May 20-26	May 2001
Kime, J., K.E. Francl, R. Reynolds, W. Orndorff, J.L. Rodrigue, and W.M. Ford. 2012. Quantitative wing damage of bats during fall and spring surveying efforts at Virginia hibernacula. 2012 Northeast Bat Working Group.	January 2012
Kelly, C.M., W.M. Ford, L.M. Gilley, C.A. Diggins, and A.M. Evans/ 2013. Toward a better understanding of the distribution and monitoring needs of the Carolina northern flying squirrel. 2013 Southeastern Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals. Pikeville, Tennessee, February 14-15.	February 2013	Nest box monitoring in North Carolina for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel is probably going to be replaced by acoustic surveys. Occupancy analysis from box data suggests squirrel populations are stable in high elevation habitats.
Kalen, N.J., A.S. Foy, P.R. Moosman and W.M. Ford. 2020. Eastern small-footed bat ecology at Shenandoah National Park. 27th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society. Sept 28-Oct 1.	September 2020	Despite being affected by White-nose Syndrome, eastern small-footed bats are still common throughout talus slopes in Shenandoah National Park. Preliminary analysis of maternity colony structure suggests patterns similar to other myotids that tree-roost but with less network centrality owing to the abundance of roosting substrate.
Kalen, N.J., A.S. Foy and W.M. Ford. 2024. Talus habitat and abundance modeling of eastern small-footed bats at Shenandoah National Park. 34th Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeast. Hilton Head, SC. Feb. 16.	February 2024	Eastern small footed bats are rock-obligate day-roosting in the non-hibernating seasons. Use of remote-sense imagery to identify maternity colony sites provide robust predictions of occupancy and can serve as a first step in initiating surveys.
Kalen, N.J., M. S. Mutherspaugh, S.M. Deeley, A. Silvis, and W.M. Ford. 2017. Vampire coffins and northern long-eared bat day-roosts: widely known but rarely observed haunts of the living dead.. 2017 Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and Colloquium of Conservation of Mammals. Asheville, NC. Feb. 16-17.	February 2017	Post-WNS, threatened northern long-eared bat capture rates have been low thereby reducing the number of observed day-roosts by researchers. For roosts found, forest stand characteristics and roost condition are similar to pre-WNS with the species still tending to follow "disturbance" processes for roost choice.
Kalen, N., M. Muthersbaugh, J.B Johnson, A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2019. Maternity roosting of northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis) following white-nose syndrome in the central Appalachians. 2019 Northeast Bat Working Group Meeting, State College PA, January 16-18.	January 2019	WNS reductions of northern long-eared bats have approached 90% in the East. However, day-roosting habitat is largely similar to pre-WNS suggesting current habitat management paradigms are still operative.
Kalen, N, M.A. Mutherbaugh, A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. Activity patterns of bats at Shenandoah National Park. 28th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S. Roanoke, VA, March 27-29.	March 2018	Bat activity varied by species, season and elevation throughout the spring, summer and fall in the topographically complex landscape of Shenandoah National Park. Surveys designed to monitor presence of threatened or endangered bats in these kinds of landscapes can produce varied results if season and elevation are not considered as assessment covariates.
K.T. Shoemaker, M. Walden, E.A. Hunter, K.E. Nussear, T.C. Esque, K.K. Drake, and R. Averill-Murray. 2022. Modeling the rangewide environmental drivers of population dynamics for desert tortoises using long-term capture-recapture data. North American Congress for Conservation Biology, Reno, Nevada.	July 2022	Mojave desert tortoise (<i>Gopherus agassizii</i>) is an excellent study system for investigating population resilience to environmental change, as many populations have been monitored extensively across its range. Adult recruitment appeared to be sensitive to prior-year precipitation and negatively influenced by conspecific densities, which may reflect long-distance movements away from high-density sites. These analyses represent a critical step in our efforts to assess the climate resilience
K.M. Gorman, S. Hoff, A.M. Sandercock, J. De La Cruz, S.R. Freeze, S.M. Deeley, N.J. Kalen, L. Johnson, L. Olson, D. O'Dell and W.M. Ford. 2022. Northern long-eared bat roosts and population structure along the Eastern Seaboard. 101st Annual Meeting of the Society of American Mammalogists, Tuscon, AZ. June 17-21.	June 2022	With the potential up-listing of the northern long-eared bat to endangered, comparative work assessing habitat requirements and population structure is needed. Along the Eastern Seaboard, day-roost habitat use is remarkably similar tempered only by local community composition differences and currently populations still appear to be panmictic and unstructured.
Jorge, M., S.R. Freeze, K. Gorman, H. Taylor, M. True, S. Sweeten, M.J. Cherry and W.M. Ford. Bat winter day-roost site and foraging activity on a pyric landscape in northern Florida. 27th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society. Sept 28- Oct 1.	September 2020	Tree-roosting bats such as the Seminole bat occupy short-fire return environments in the Coastal Plain. While adapted to using pines for roosts, Seminole bats largely day-roosted in more mesic areas with longer time since burning during the winter, presumably to minimize risk from wildfire or prescribed burning.
Jones, S.C., W.M. Ford, J. Rentch, G. Nowacki and M. Thomas-Van Gundy. 2018. Spruce-fir in the Central and Southern Appalachians – Endemic Oddity or Conservation Opportunity? 2018 The Wildlife Society Meeting, Cleveland OH, October 7-11.	October 2018	Spruce-fir in the central and southern Appalachians are among the most endangered habitat types in North America, replete with numerous endangered species. Opportunities to restore function and extent following exploitative logging and fire to buffer against climate change are possible.
Jones, M.D., and E.A. Hunter. 2023. Mitigation translocation of gopher tortoises in Florida: spatial ecology and population monitoring. The Wildlife Society 30th Annual Conference, Louisville, KY. November 5-9, 2023.	November 2023	Monitoring the ecological impacts of translocation is critical to the success of such programs to ensure populations can be self-sustaining. Our objectives were to 1) investigate the space use of translocated gopher tortoises in relation to pen edges; 2) assess if line transect distance sampling (LTDS) may be suitable to monitor these populations given spatial structuring around pens.
Jones, M.D., and E.A. Hunter. 2023. Mitigation translocation of gopher tortoises in Florida: spatial ecology and population monitoring. Gopher Tortoise Council Annual Meeting, Tifton, GA. November 17-19, 2023.	November 2023	Monitoring the ecological impacts of translocation is critical to the success of such programs to ensure populations can be self-sustaining. Our objectives were to 1) investigate the space use of translocated gopher tortoises in relation to pen edges; 2) assess if line transect distance sampling (LTDS) may be suitable to monitor these populations given spatial structuring around pens.
Jones, M.D., W.M. Ford, and E.A. Hunter. 2024. Assessing at-risk turtles on mid-Atlantic National Park Service lands to inform conservation and management. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 78th Annual Conference, Augusta, Georgia, October 2024.	October 2024	We are investigating species considered for either Federal listing (wood turtle, <i>Glyptemys insculpta</i>; spotted turtle, <i>Clemmys guttata</i>) or are species of greatest state conservation concern (eastern box turtle, <i>Terrapene carolina carolina</i>) to determine the current species’ statuses and to inform management decisions.
Jones, M.D., L.L. Smith, and E.A. Hunter. 2022. "Development of gopher tortoise recipient site monitoring methods: a scenario-building and simulation approach." Gopher Tortoise Council 44th Annual Meeting, Freeport, FL.	November 2022	To investigate the robustness of LTDS to monitor translocated gopher tortoises, we used simulations to create real-world scenarios where recipient sites are affected by site, population and sampling idiosyncrasies. On average, we found that LTDS resulted in slight underestimations of density, but were generally robust to our scenarios.
Jones, J.W., and R.J. Neves. May 2004. A status survey of freshwater mussel populations in the upper North Fork Holston River, Virginia. Virginia Academy of Science, Richmond, VA.	May 2004
Jones, J.W., and R.J. Neves. March 12, 2001. Life history aspects of the endangered dromedary pearly mussel. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Pittsburgh, PA.	March 2001
Jones, J.W., R.J. Neves, and J. Allen. May 23, 2001. Propagation and culture of endangered juvenile mussels (unionidae). Virginia Academy of Science, Harrisonburg, VA.	May 2001
Jones, J.W., R.J. Neves, R.A. Mair, and W.F. Henley. Production of endangered juvenile mussels (Unionidae) at the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Virginia Tech.	March 2002
Jones, J.W., R.J. Neves, R.A. Mair, and W.F. Henley. March 2002. Production of endangered juvenile mussels (Unionidae) at the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Virginia Tech. Freshwater Mollusk Propagation Workshop, Shepherdstown, WV.	March 2002
Jones, J.W., R.J. Neves, R.A. Mair, and W.F. Henley. March 2002. Culture of endangered juvenile mussels (Unionidae) in recirculating aquaculture systems. Freshwater Mollusk Propagation Workshop, Shepherdstown, WV.	March 2002
Jones, J.W., R.J. Neves, R.A. Mair, and W.F. Henley. June 2005. Propagation and culture of endangered juvenile mussels at the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Virginia Tech. Pacific Northwest Mussel Symposium, Olympia, WA.	June 2005
Jones, J.W., R.J. Neves, R.A. Mair, and W.F. Henley. Culture of endangered juvenile mussels (Unionidae) in recirculating aquaculture systems.	March 2002
Jones, J.W., R.J. Neves, R. Mair, and W.F. Henley. April 2004. Propagation and culture of endangered juvenile mussels (Unionidae) at the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Virginia Tech. Expanding the Ark: The Emerging Science and Practice of Invertebrate Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY.	March 2004
Jones, J.W., R.J. Neves, N. Johnson, and E.M. Hallerman. May 2005. Phylogenetic relationships among freshwater mussel species of the genus Epioblasma (Unionidae). Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium, St. Paul, MN.	May 2005
Jones, J.W., R.A. Mair, and R.J. Neves. March 2003. Factors affecting survival and growth of juvenile freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
Jones, J.W. and R.J. Neves. November 2002. Propagation of endangered freshwater mussels at the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Virginia Tech. 13th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Appalachian Man and the Biosphere Program, Gatlinburg, TN.	November 2002
Jones, J.W. and R.J. Neves. June 6, 2001. Propagation and culture of endangered juvenile mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) at the Virginia Tech Aquaculture Center. North American Benthological Society, LaCrosse, WI.	June 2001
Jones, J., R.J. Neves, E. Hallerman, and S. Ahlstedt. June 2004. A holistic approach to taxonomic evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater mussel species, the oyster mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis) and tan riffleshell (Epioblasma florentina walkeri). Conservation Genetics Workshop on Imperiled Mollusks and Fishes, Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Shepherdstown, WV.	June 2004
Jones, J., E. Hallerman and R.J. Neves. June 2004. Proposed genetic management guidelines for captive propagation of freshwater mussels (Unionidae). Conservation Genetics Workshop on Imperiled Mollusks and Fishes, Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Shepherdstown, WV.	June 2004
Jones, J. and R.J. Neves. November 2007. Pattern of recovery and decline of freshwater mussel populations in the Clinch and Powell rivers of the southwestern United States. Presented at the Virginia/West Virginia Water Research Symposium, Blacksburg, VA.	November 2007
Jones, J. W., and R. J. Neves. February 2000. Propagation and culture of endangered juvenile freshwater mussels at the Virginia Tech Aquaculture Center. Aquaculture America 2000, New Orleans, LA.	February 2000
Johnston, E.M., M. St. Germain, C.A. Diggins and W.M. Ford. 2024. On the front: tracking white-nose syndrome and bat distributions on the southern Colorado Plateau. 34th Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeast. Hilton Head, SC. Feb. 16.	February 2024	The Southwest is on the white-nose syndrome frontier where little bat assemblage, community ecology and habitat association data exists to assess potential changes and impacts. Fifteen species were swabbed for the presence f <i>Pseudogymnoascus destructans </i>and all were negative.
Johnson, N.A., J.W. Jones, P.J. Grobler, R.J. Neves, and E.M. Hallerman. May 2005. Population genetic analysis of the endangered Cumberland combshell Epioblasma brevidens: implication for species recovery. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium, St. Paul, MN.	May 2005
Jesse L. Delacruz, J.L. R. L. Ward, E.S. Schroder, W. M. Ford, E. Barr and T. Nocera. 2018. Post-WNS Northern Long-eared Bat Day-roosts in a Residual Population.28th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S. Roanoke, VA, March 27-29.	March 2018	Post-WNS roost selection of the threatened northern long-eared bat is similar to that from pre-WNS. This indicates that forest management and conservation efforts based on previous pre-WNS findings are valid in current environments in the upper Ohio River Valley.
Ingersoll, C. et al. ASTM international standard for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with freshwater mussels. USEPA Mussel Toxicology Workshop, Chicago, IL.	August 2005
Ingersoll, C. N. Wang, C. Barnhart, and R. J. Neves. August 2005. Control survival of mussels in toxicity tests. USEPA Mussel Toxicology Workshop, Chicago, IL.	August 2005
Huth, J., A. Silvis, P. Moosman and W.M. Ford. 2015. Detection and characterization of Myotis leibii summer roosts in Virginia.	March 2015	Visual searches of talus slopes for small-footed bats is the technique with the highest detection probability. Bats roosts in small crevices but many rock measures of size, volume and crevice orientation were not different between used and unoccupied roosts.
Huth, J., A. Silvis, P. Moosman and W.M. Ford. 2015. A preliminary assessment of survey methods for Myotis leibii. Virginia Wildlife Society Meeting, Natural Bridge VA	February 2015	Visual searching talus slopes shows the highest detection probability among survey techniques for the small-footed bat. Unlike other myotids, acoustic sampling performs poorly for this species.
Huth, J, A. Silvis, W.M. Ford and P. Moosman. 2016. Micro- and macro-habitat characteristics of eastern small-footed bats (Myotis leibii) in Virginia. 2016 Northeast Bat Working Group, Baltimore MD. January 12-13.	January 2016	Occupancy of eastern small-footed bats in western Virginia talus slopes is high. Bat presence at emergent rocks is related to distance to nearest water.
Hunter, E.A., and A.A. Dayer. Will salt marsh migration create replacement habitat for edge sensitive birds? 75th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association and Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Roanoke, Virginia, October 2021.	October 2021	Migrating salt marshes on Virginia's Eastern Shore may not provide the same habitat value as existing marshes because they will be closer to upland habitats, which many edge sensitive species avoid.
Hunter, E.A., and A.A. Dayer. 2022. Will salt marsh migration create replacement habitat for edge sensitive birds? Annual Meeting of the Virginia Chapter of the Wildlife Society, Waynesboro, Virginia, February 2022.	February 2022	Migrating salt marshes on Virginia's Eastern Shore may not provide the same habitat value as existing marshes because they will be closer to upland habitats, which many edge sensitive species avoid.
Hunter, E.A., Loope, K.J., and K.T. Shoemaker. 2023. Indirect effects of climate change on habitat management drive population declines in Gopher Tortoises. The Wildlife Society 30th Annual Conference, Louisville, KY. November 5-9, 2023.	November 2023	We aimed to quantify the breadth of future climatic conditions under which gopher tortoise populations would be capable of exhibiting stable or positive growth. Our simulations indicated that most populations may experience steep declines, but that these declines may be driven by indirect effects of climate change on habitat management.
Hunter, E.A., K.J. Loope, J.N. DeSha, M.J. Aresco, D.C. Rostal, B.B. Rothermel, L.L. Smith, and K.T. Shoemaker. 2022. Natural variation and plasticity in response to climate change in gopher tortoise nest-site selection, nest thermal environment, and hatching success. North American Congress for Conservation Biology, Reno, Nevada.	July 2022	We found that gopher tortoise nest site selection did not display plasticity in response to environmental change. This, along with variation in the effects of thermal environment on hatching success across the range, will make predictions of the species' response to climate change more challenging.
Hunter, E.A., K.J. Loope, J.N. DeSha, B.B. Rothermel, L.L. Smith, D.C. Rostal, A.G. Arneson, and K.T. Shoemaker. 2024. Gopher tortoise nesting decisions and outcomes across the latitudinal range and implications for climate change. Gopher Tortoise Council Annual Meeting, St. Petersburg, FL, November 15-17 2024.	November 2024	We studied gopher tortoise (<i>Gopherus polyphemus</i>) nesting outcomes (hatching success and hatchling mass) in 2018-2020 across five sites that span the species’ latitudinal range to make inferences about the sensitivity of nesting outcomes to climate change. Tortoises appear to be tolerating (at this life stage) any climate warming that has already occurred through both timing of laying and thermal tolerance.
Hunter, E.A., J.M. Beall, A.A. Dayer, B.C. Re, and M.D. Smith. Opportunities and challenges of marsh migration for Saltmarsh Sparrows and upland landowners in the path of sea level rise. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 78th Annual Conference, Augusta, Georgia, October 2024.	October 2024	This study investigated the potential for marsh migration caused by sea level rise to create habitat for the declining Saltmarsh Sparrow while also improving our understanding of how landowners upland of existing marsh will respond to marsh migration.
Hunter, E.A., A.A. Dayer, and V.A. Thomas. "The Interplay between Land User Decisions and Landcover Change in Coastal Ecosystems and Working Lands Under Sea Level Rise in the Mid-Atlantic U.S." NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Joint Science Workshop, College Park, Maryland. May 8-12, 2023.	May 2023	Whether natural ecosystems migrate upslope as a response to SLR may ultimately be determined by the interplay between ecological responses to SLR and human decision-making. Understanding these processes is important to identify potential hotspots of change and promote land-use adaptation to climate change and SLR in the coming decades.
Hunter, E.A., A. Dwire, and T. Schneider. 2021 Powerline right-of-ways as wintering habitat for a declining grassland bird species. The Wildlife Society’s 28^th annual conference, virtual.	November 2021	We studied the population dynamics and habitat selection of Henslow’s Sparrows (<i>Centronyx henslowii</i>) in powerline right-of-ways in southeastern Georgia through an 11-year mark-recapture study and a 3-year radiotelemetry study. Our results indicated that powerline right-of-ways can provide reliable and high quality habitats for Henslow’s Sparrows, and potentially other species.
Hunter, E.A. Organized Symposium: Climate impacts to wildlife populations and habitats. 75th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association and Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Roanoke, Virginia, October 2021.	October 2021	This symposium will feature presentations on the urgent challenges that climate change poses for wildlife in the southeast as well as potential strategies and solutions.
Humbert, T.R., D.R. Carter, P.C. Green, J.L. De La Cruz, A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2024. Forest Stand Structure and Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel Presence. 78th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Augusta, GA. Dec. 9-13.	December 2024	Beyond increasing presence of red spruce, managers have no metrics on forest stand structure to guide timber stand improvement to enhance imperiled Virginia northern flying squirrel. Across all elevations, squirrels select stands with high basal area and canopy heights > 20 m.
Hua, D. and R.J. Neves. May 2005. Study of the captive survival rate and feasibility of pearl production by the pink heelsplitter (Potamilus alatus). Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium, St. Paul, MN.	May 2005
Holcombe, B., K.R. Bayne, R.S. Alonso, D.C. McNitt, W.M. Ford and M.J. Kelly. 2024. Using Video Camera Collars to Investigate Free-Living American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) Diet Composition. 28th International Bear Conference, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Sept. 15-21.	September 2024	Black bear diet analysis from the Appalachians has relied on macroscopic fecal examination which underestimated several important diet components. Use of collar mounted cameras on bears has provided new insights into diets with respect to selection of food items that otherwise would be missed in macroscopic analysis. Bear cameras also provide new insights into predation frequency on white-tailed deer.
Hoff, S., K.M. Gorman, A.M. Sandercock, J.A. Holliday, E.M. Hallerman, K.L. Parise, J.T. Foster, N. Kalen, J. De La Cruz, S.R. Freeze, S.M. Deeley, L. Johnson, E. Olson, C.J. Herzog, D. Brown, P. Roby and W.M. Ford. 2022. Post-white nose syndrome population structure of northern long-eared bats in the eastern United States. 2022 Northeast Bat Working Group, Manchester NH, January 12-14.	January 2022	Post-WNS populations of the northern long-eared bat may be showing signs of inbreeding depression, however current populations along the coast and interior mountains still appear panmictic. Bats from Martha's Vineyard show the most differentiation from the whole group and bats in the DC-metro area appear most connected to those in coastal North Carolina rather than nearby Shenandoah National Park.
Hitt, N.P., E.A. Frimpong, and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Using fish communities to assess the quality of freshwaters: applications at multiple spatial scales. Deans Forum on the Environment, Virginia Tech.	October 2007
Hitt, N.P. and P.L. Angermeier. Nov 2003. Use of hypothesis testing in development of biomonitoring tools. Annual Fisheries Student Colloquium, Morgantown, WV.	November 2003
Hitt, N.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2011. West Virginia stream fish communities by zoogeography, ecoregions, and stream network position. Annual meeting of West Virginia Chapter, American Fisheries Society, Cacapon State Park, WV.	February 2011
Hitt, N.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Spatial analysis of stream fish communities in West Virginia. Annual meeting of West Virginia Chapter, American Fisheries Society.	January 2010
Hitt, N.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. Effects of regional dispersal on local fish-environment relations. Annual meeting of North American Benthological Society. (invited)	May 2009
Hitt, N.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2008. Stream fish dispersal as a spatial framework for freshwater reserves. Annual meeting of Society for Conservation Biology. (invited)	July 2008
Hitt, N.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Using stream network topology as a spatial framework for fish-based assessment in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands, USA. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. (invited)	September 2007
Hitt, N.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Stream sentinels: using fishes to assess environmental quality in the New River basin. New River Symposium.	June 2007
Hitt, N.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2004. Effects of stream network topology on fish assemblage structure in western Virginia. Virginia Mountain Streams Symposium, Charlottesville, VA.	October 2004
Hitt, N.P. and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Testing a spatial model of fish assemblage relations to stream network topology. Annual meeting of North American Benthological Society. (invited)	June 2007
Hirschler, M., A. Villamagna, and P.L. Angermeier. Sep 2020. Species traits as indicators of sediment sensitivity. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. [accepted but withdrawn]	September 2020	new findings on how fine sediment affects distribution of stream fishes
Hirschler, M., A. Villamagna, and P.L. Angermeier. 2019. Fish community responses along a gradient of stream sedimentation. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	October 2019	new findings on relations between stream fish distributions and sediment loading
Hilling, C.D., Y. Jiao, M.C. Fabrizio, P.L. Angermeier, A.J. Bunch, R.S. Greenlee, and D.J. Orth. 2021. A size-based stock assessment model for monitoring invasive Blue Catfish in a Chesapeake Bay subestuary. Annual meeting of Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference.	February 2021	new model for assessing Blue Catfish populations. Invasive fishes present a threat to native aquatic biodiversity. However, data limitations often impede population dynamic assessments to inform management of invasive fishes. Stock assessment modeling approaches have been developed for a wide range of data availabilities and may provide a useful means to estimate the population dynamics of invasive fishes. Blue Catfish (<i>Ictalurus furcatus</i>) were introduced into the Chesapeake Bay watershe
Higdon, S.D., C.A. Diggins. and W.M. Ford. 2016. Summer occupancy of white-tailed deer on southern Appalachian grassy balds. 23rd Annual Wildlife Society Conference, Raleigh, NC. October 15-19.	October 2016	Female white-tailed deer with fawns rarely used high elevation grassy bald habitats in the southern Appalachians, whereas females without fawns readily did. We suggest this habitat selection behavior is based on predator avoidance.
Henley, W.F., and R.J. Neves. March 2003. Detection of hermaphroditism and evaluation of gametogenesis in gonads of Utterbackia imbecillis and Villosa iris. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
Henley, W.F., and R.J. Neves. March 12, 2001. Diet evaluation for captive adult Elliptio complanata (Bivalvia: Unionidae. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Pittsburgh, PA.	March 2001
Henley, W.F. and R.J. Neves. Diet evaluation for the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata (Bivalvia: Unionidae), National Shellfisheries Association, Mystic, CT.	April 2002
Henley, W., J.L. Boyles, A. Liberty, and R.J. Neves. May 2005. Trematode infestations in freshwater mussels of the upper North Fork Holston River. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium, St. Paul, MN.	May 2005
Henley, W. F., M. R. Kidd, and R. J. Neves. February 2000. Recirculating systems for maintenance and propagation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Aquaculture America 2000, New Orleans, LA.	February 2000
Helfrich, L.A., and R.J. Neves. July 2004. Public education to promote America's threatened mollusks. World Congress of Malacology, Perth, Australia.	July 2004
Helfrich, L., R.J. Neves, and Weigmann. September 2005. Public education to restore and sustain America's aquatic biodiversity American Fisheries Society meeting, Anchorage, AK.	September 2005
Heironimus, L., J.E. Argentina, and P.L. Angermeier. 2013. Verification of age-at-length and growth rates of variegate darters. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	September 2013	reveals new info about life history of a rare fish species
Heironimus, L., J. Argentina, and P. Angermeier. 2012. Verification of age-at-length and growth rates of variegate darters. Annual Virginia Tech Undergraduate Research and Professional Development Conference.	April 2012
Hanlon, S.D., and R.J. Neves. March 12, 2001. Release of juveniles of the wavyrayed lampmussel (Lampsilia fasciola) to a fish hatchery raceway: a comparison of techniques. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Pittsburgh, PA.	March 2001
Hanlon, S.D., D. Garst and R.J. Neves. May 2005. Opportunity for recovery of mussels in Copper Creek, Russell and Scott counties, Virginia: in search of a refugium. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium, St. Paul, MN.	May 2005
Hallerman, E.M., J. Jones, and R.J. Neves. May 2005. Utility of genetic markers as an aid to propagation of imperiled freshwater mussels. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium, St. Paul, MN.	May 2005
Hallerman, E., S. Wolf, J. Argentina, P. Angermeier, and T. Grant. 2018. Phenology and habitat use of larval darters in the upper Roanoke River basin. Meeting of Virginia and Virginia Tech chapters, American Fisheries Society.	February 2018	new work on ecology of larval darters
Hakkenberg, D., M.J. Shirazi. N. Abaid, W.M. Ford and A. Silvis. 2017. Experimental testing of the impacts of environmental clutter on the acoustic detection of bats. 2017 Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals. Asheville, NC. Feb. 16-17.	February 2017	In a controlled soundproof chamber, we devised an experiment to test the effects of structural clutter on echolocation call quality. The techniques used are described herein.
Guyot, J. and R.J. Neves. May 2005. Identification of suitable fish hosts for the Cumberland elktoe mussel (Alasmidonta perpurpurea). Virginia Academy of Science, Harrisonburg, VA.	May 2005
Gray, R., and M.R. Vaughan. 2001. Supplemental Feeding of black bears in Virginia. Presented at the 13th International Conference on Bear Research and Management. Jackson Hole, WY, May 20-26, 2001	May 2001
Gorman, K.M., S.M. Deeley, E.L. Barr, S.R. Freeze, N. Kalen, M.S. Muthersbaugh, W.M. Ford. 2022. Broad-scale geographic and temporal assessment of northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colony-landscape association. 2022 Northeast Bat Working Group, Manchester NH, January 12-14.	January 2022	The explicit inclusion of forested riparian habitats in northern long-eared bat monitoring could improve conservation planning. Acoustic sampling in spring and early summer rather than mid- to late summer and in forested riparian areas is the most effective strategy for identifying potential active northern long-eared bat maternity colonies on the local landscape.
Gorman, K.M., S.M. Deeley, E.L. Barr, N. Kalen, S.R. Freeze, M.S. Muthersbaugh, and W.M. Ford. 2021. Broad-scale geographic and temporal assessment of northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colony landscape association. 2021 Virtual Conference of the Northeast Bat Working Group. March 10.	March 2021	Northern long-eared bats are persisting along the coast more than inland sites. Comparison of activity around maternity colonies show no difference relative to location but rather to size of surrounding forested landscape.
Gorman, K.M., S. Hoff, A.M. Sandercock, J. De La Cruz, S.R. Freeze, D. O'Dell, L. Olsen, S.M. Deeley, N. Kalen, L. Johnson and W.M. Ford. 2022. Northern long-eared bats along the Eastern Seaboard. Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Long Branch, NJ. April 3-5.	April 2022	Residual populations of threatened northern long-eared bats occur on the Atlantic Coast from Massachusetts to eastern North Carolina. Day-roost use is highly variable and reflects local site conditions whereas population genetic structure is still panmictic.
Gorman, K.M., H. Taylor, C.A. Diggins, C.A. Kelly and W.M. Ford. 2024. Bat species on spruce-fir sky islands. 52nd North American Society for Bat Research, Guadalajara, Mexico. October 26.	October 2024	High elevation spruce-fir forests in the Southern Appalachians generally have lower bat community richness and activity as measured by acoustic techniques relative to the surround mid- and low-elevations. However, two migratory species that are typically absent during the summer in the Southeastern U.S, the hoary bat and silver-haired bat, are present, indicating possible maternity activity in these relict montane boreal systems.
Gorman, K.M., C.A. Diggins, C.A. Kelly, R.H. Odom, L.M. Gilley and W.M. Ford. 2024. Endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) resource selection in high elevation red spruce (Picea rubens) forests. 34th Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeast. Hilton Head, SC. Feb 16.	February 2024	Using updated remotely sensed vegetation data with Carolina northern flying squirrel observations, we found, consistent with previous work, that predicted habitat quality was associated with red spruce cover. Adding to previous work, we observed that increased forest canopy height, proximity to open habitat, and landform index also were significant factors for the squirrel’s current distribution
Gorman, K.G., C.A. Diggins, C.A. Kelly, R.H. Odom, L.M. Gilley and W.M. Ford. 2023. Endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) resource selection in high elevation red spruce (Picea rubens) forests. 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists. July 14-20, Anchorage, AK.	July 2023	The endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel is a sentinel species for spruce-fir forests in the Southern Appalachians. Improved squirrel species distribution maps for individual sky-islands can help prioritize spruce restoration and enhancement effectiveness.
Gibson, D., J.H. Roberts, P.L. Angermeier, and D.R. Smith. Sep 2020. Using structured decision-making to inform a translocation strategy for the endangered Roanoke Logperch. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	September 2020	new work on process and tools to inform translocation of imperiled aquatic species
Gatenby, C.M., D.A. Kreeger, V.A. Jones, D.M. Orcutt, B.C. Parker, and R.J. Neves. March 12, 2001. Biochemical composition of four algae proposed as food for captive freshwater mussels. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Pittsburgh, PA.	March 2001
Gatenby, C.M., D.A. Kreeger, D. Raksany, and R.J. Neves. March 2003. Seasonal nutritional demands of mussels and a proposed diet formulation for their captive care. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
Gatenby, C.M., D.A. Kreeger, D. Raksany, and R. J. Neves. March 2003. A feeding regime for maintaining the physiological condition of mussels in captivity. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
Gatenby, C.M., D. Kreeger, and R.J. Neves. June 7, 2001. A study of assimilation efficiency and gut purge time in rainbow mussels (Villosa iris) fed three algal rations. North American Benthological Society, LaCrosse, WI.	June 2001
Gatenby, C. M., R. J. Neves, and M. A. Patterson. May 2000. Filtration rates of the unionid Villosa iris (Lea, 1829) fed at different algal cell concentrations and different feeding regimes. North American Benthological Society, Keystone, CO.	May 2000
Gatenby, C. M., D. Kreeger, D. Orcutt, B. Parker, and R. J. Neves. March 2000. Algal diets for freshwater mussels. National Shellfish Association, Seattle, WA.	March 2000
Frimpong, E.A. and P.L. Angermeier. 2008. Traits-based approaches in stream fish community analysis. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. (invited)	August 2008
Frimpong, E.A. and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Using community composition and fish traits with limited stressor information to develop continental-scale bioassessment metrics. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. (invited)	September 2007
Frimpong, E.A. and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Geographic distributions of fish traits as tools for prioritizing large-scale freshwater conservation in the United States. Annual meeting of National Gap Analysis Program.	September 2007
Frimpong, E.A. and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Associations between benthicity and other traits in North American freshwater fishes: implications for predicting species imperilment. Annual meeting of North American Benthological Society. (invited)	June 2007
Freeze, S.R., W.M. Ford, V.R. Emrick and A. Silvis. 2018. EVALUATING PATTERNS IN BAT OCCUPANCY AND RELATIVE ACTIVITY ACROSS TOPOGRAPHIC CLASSES AT MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO AND PRINCE WILLIAM FOREST PARK 28th Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the South. Roanoke, VA. March 27-29.	March 2018	Bat activity in the mid-Atlantic is highest in riparian and bottomland areas. Landform analyses can be used to predict how bat activity varies by concave (bottomland), convex (ridge) or flat classes and therefore can help promote monitoring efficiencies.
Freeze, S.R., W.M. Ford and V. Emrick. 2019. Evaluating an acoustic lure to increase captures of imperiled bat species at Marine Corps Base Quantico and Prince William Forest Park. Combined 24th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and 29th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S., Jacksonville, FL., February 21-22.	February 2019	Acoustic lures are being used to enhance bat capture. Preliminary work at MCB-Quantico suggests they work no better than non-lure controls.
Freeze, S.R., S.M. Deeley, and W.M. Ford. 2021. The bat signal: use of an ultraviolet lure to increase acoustic detection of bats. 2021 Virtual Conference of the Northeast Bat Working Group. March 10.	March 2021	Acoustic lures have been used to increase detection via netting and acoustic recording of bats. UV lures show some promise of increasing detectability at a lower cost and needed technical expertise.
Freeze, S.R., S.M Deeley, and W.M. Ford. 2022. The bat-signal: use of an ultraviolet lure to increase acoustic detection of bats. 2022 Annual Meeting of the Virginia Chapter of the Wildlife Society, Charlottesville, VA. March 14-15.	March 2022	UV lures that attract insects might be tools to increase acoustic detection probability of bats thereby creating more efficient, shorter survey efforts for regulatory clearance work. Effects of UV lures in increasing nightly acoustic activity occurred for eastern red bats, but appeared to have a negative effect on the threatened northern long-eared bat.
Francl, K.E., D.W. Sparks, V. Brack, and W.M. Ford. 2011. Capture and reproductive trends of summer bat communities in West Virginia: assessing the impact of white-nose syndrome. Winter Meeting of the Virginia Chapter of the Wildlife Society. Front Royal, VA. February 8-9.	February 2011
Francl, K.E., D.W. Sparks, V. Brack and W.M. Ford. 2011. Capture and Reproductive Trends of Summer Bat Communities in West Virginia: Assessing the Impact of White-Nose Syndrome. 2nd Joint Meeting of the Northeastern Bat Working Group, Midwest Bat Working Group, Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and 21st Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Eastern United States. 2:24-25.	February 2011
Ford, W.M.. E.R. Britzke, C.A. Dobony, J.L. Rodrigue and J.B. Johnson. 2011. Patterns of acoustical activity of bats prior to and following white-nose syndrome occurrence. 67th Annual Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference. Manchester, NH. April 17-19.	April 2011
Ford, W.M., Silvis, A., Muthersbaugh, M., Austin, L. Johnson, N. Kalen, J.W. Edwards and S. Owen. 2018. Twenty Years of Central Appalachian Bat Research – What Have We Learned and Where Are We Going? 2018 The Wildlife Society Meeting, October 7-11, Cleveland OH.	October 2018	Long-term Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat in the central Appalachians spans pre- and post-WNS years. Results from this studies have been foundational for informing land managers about bat conservation and ecology.
Ford, W.M., J. O’Keefe, M. Kalcouis-Ruppell, R. Perry, J.B. Johnson, S. Loeb, D.R. Miller, R.T. Brooks, S.B. Castleberry and J.W. Edwards. 2011. Bats and forestry: not echolocating the forest for the trees. 8th North American Forest Ecology Workshop. 8:74	June 2011
Ford, W.M., E.D. Thorne, J.L. De La Cruz, A. Silvis, V. Kuczynska, M.P. Armstrong and R.A. King. 2024. Acoustic monitoring considerations for the tricolored bat. 78th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Augusta, GA. Oct. 12-16th.	October 2024	Acoustical swamping by high frequency bats can complicate the ability to identify tricolored bats at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's maximum likelihood estimate threshold. Our finding suggest that site-nights with identified tricolored bats calls without a significant p-value indicate a need for visual vetting to establish confidence in their presence.
Ford, W.M., E.D. Thorne, H.N. Custer, M.P. Armstrong, R.A. King, J.S. Ultrup and A. Silvis. 2022. An update on acoustic sampling level of effort and automated software testing for the Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat. Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Long Branch, NJ. April 3-5.	April 2022	Necessary acoustic level of effort for site clearance purposes is dynamic with post-WNS changes to bat populations and distribution that require continual assessment. Data suggest effort that works for Myotis septentrionalis exceeeds that for Myotis sodalis and can be used as an overarching guide where the species overlap.
Ford, W.M., A. Silvis, E.R. Britzke, C.A. Dobony and M.St. Germain. 2017. Military Lands Lead Bat Conservation and Research Efforts in the East. 2017 National Military Fish and Wildlife Association Meeting. Spokane, WA March 6-9.	March 2017	Over the past 20 years, bat research on Department of Defense lands has been an active and vibrant part of the research and monitoring portfolio for many installations. Data collected therein has been impactful relative to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listing decisions, post-White-nose Syndrome monitoring guidance and approaches to proactive land management to support conservation and mission-oriented tasks.
Ford, W.M., A. Evans, R.H. Odom, J.L. Rodrigue, C.A. Kelly, N. Abaid and C. Diggins. 2014. MODELING ENDANGERED CAROLINA NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL OCCUPANCY. 2014 Colloquium on fhe Conservation of Mammals in the South, Nacogdoches, TX.	February 2014	Landform index and presence of montane conifer can be used predict endangered northern flying squirrel habitat in the southern Appalachians. New potential areas for occupancy have been identified for future survey.
Ford, W.M. and C.A. Diggins. 2017. Seasonal Occupancy and Activity Patterns of Appalachian Spruce-Fir Forests by Tree Bats. 2017 Southern and Central Appalachian High Elevation Restoration Workshop, Gatlinburg, TN. November 14-16.	November 2017	High elevation spruce-fir forests have been poorly sampled for bats. Occupancy of migratory tree bats is highest in summer but these species are present in spring and fall.
Ford, W.M. 2010. Bats and landscape management. Workshop on Bat Ecology, White-nose Syndrome Status, and Implications on DoD Mission. Department of Defense Legacy Program. Nashville, TN. November 2-4	November 2010
Ford, W.M. 2011. Virginia northern flying squirrel research: an update for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southwest Virginia Field Office. Abingdon, VA. January 27	January 2011
Evans, A., W.M. Ford and R. Odom. 2012. Topographic analysis of nest box usage of the Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) in western North Carolina using GIS. Virginia Tech Office of GIS and Remote Sensing Research Symposium. Blacksburg, VA. April 13.	April 2012
Echols, K., and M.R. Vaughan. 2001. Evaluation of subcutaneous implants for monitoring black bear cub survival in Virginia. Presented at the 13th International COnference on Bear Research and Management. Jackson Hole, WY, May 20-26, 2001	May 2001
Dunn, C.G. and P.L. Angermeier. 2013. Factors shaping the fish fauna of the New River drainage. New River Symposium.	May 2013	synthesizes knowledge of geology, physiography, and zoogeography, and illustrates influences on an endemic fish species
Dunn, C.G. and P.L. Angermeier. 2013. Distribution of candy darter reflects range-wide variation in stream temperature regime and substrate composition. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	September 2013	reveals new info about factors limiting distribution and abundance of a rare fish species
Dunn, C. and P. Angermeier. 2012. Candy darter habitat preferences and their implications for conservation. Annual meeting of Virginia Chapter, American Fisheries Society.	February 2012
Dunn, C. G. and P. L. Angermeier. 2011. Habitat use and behavior of candy darters Etheostoma osburni may mediate interactions with an introduced congener. Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society.	January 2011
Dunn, C. G. and P. L. Angermeier. 2011. Ecology of saddled darters in the New River drainage. New River Symposium, Athens, WV	May 2011
Dunham, J.B, R. White, C.S. Allen, B.G. Marcot, D. Shively, and P.L. Angermeier. 2016. The reintroduction landscape: finding success at the intersection of ecological, social, and institutional dimensions. Annual meeting of The Wildlife Society.	October 2016	introduces new landscape-based framework for planning and monitoring species introductions
Donahue, S.W., J.L. Vance, M.R. Vaughan, E.R. Blough, and S.A. Galley. 2004. The effects of black bear (Ursus americanus) serum on Type I collagen and osteopontin MRNA expression and PGE2 release in MC-3T3 osteoblast cells. 50th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA.	March 2004
Donahoe, D., V. Thomas, and E.A. Hunter. 2024. Tracking Ghost Forest Progression Along the Eastern Seaboard Using the Landsat Archive. Salinity Affected Lands in Transition (SALT) conference, Salisbury, MD.	June 2024	Many low-elevation forests have experienced mass die-offs in recent decades due to sea level rise and are often characterized by standing or fallen dead trees. We leveraged a random forest model to initially determine which features, like Landsat bands and spectral indices, were important for discerning between healthy, degraded, and ghost forests.
Diggins, C.A., W.M. Ford, J.M. Menzel, C. Stihler, C.A. Kelly and A. Evans. 2015. Distribution and Habitat Use of Appalachian Flying Squirrels. International Colloquium on Arboreal Squirrels. Helskink, Finland June1-5.	June 2015	Since listed as endangered in the 1980s, considerable work has defined the habitat use and long-term occupancy of Appalachian northern flying squirrels in the central and southern Appalachians. These data are being used to inform current conservation and management.
Diggins, C.A., W.M. Ford and C.A. Kelly. 2015. Nest box occupancy of the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel in high-elevation habitats in the southern Appalachian Mountains. 2015 North American Joint Bat Working Group. St. Louis, MO. March 3-7.	March 2015	Endangered northern flying squirrel occupancy was influenced by previous year's weather and habitat suitability. Mast abundance appeared to have no influence on flying squirrel occupancy as expected by its mycophagist diet.
Diggins, C.A., M. Gilley, C. Kelly and W.M. Ford. 2015. Use of Ultrasonic Acoustics as a Monitoring Technique for Endangered Carolina Northern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) in the Appalachian Mountains. International Colloquium on Arboreal Squirrels. Helsinki Finland. June 1-5.	June 2015	Ultrasonic detection of endangered Carolina northern flying squirrels was tested in the southern Appalachians of North Carolina and Virginia. Detection probabilities derived are higher than traditional nest-box surveys and this technique could supplant box checks as the most efficient monitoring method.
Diggins, C.A., L.M. Gilley, C.A. Kelly, and W.M. Ford. 2019. Ultrasonic Acoustic Survey Seasonality and Survey Length to Detect Cryptic Flying Squirrels. 2019 Wildlife Society, Reno, Nevada. Sept 29-Oct. 3.	October 2019	Acoustic surveying for endangered Carolina northern flying squirrels is an emerging technology/technique. Consideration must be given to seasonal and habitat quality effects on detection probability when designing surveys.
Diggins, C.A., L.M. Gilley, C.A. Kelly and W.M. Ford. 2016. USE OF ULTRASONIC ACOUSTICS AS A MONITORING TECHNIQUE FOR ENDANGERED FLYING SQUIRRELS IN THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTIANS. 26th Annual Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Guntersville, AL. February 18-19.	February 2016	Preliminary data suggest that acoustic monitoring can be an effective technique for establishing presence of the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel in the Southern Appalachians. However, additional work is needed to refine techniques to match monitoring needs relative to ESA requirements.
Diggins, C.A., L.M. Gilley and W.M. Ford. 2018. Can Automated Software Tell Bats from Flying Squirrels? 28th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S. Roanoke, VA, March 27-29.	March 2018	Using acoustics to survey for flying squirrels is hampered by misclassification with low-frequency echolocating bats such as the hoary bat. Use of bat specific automated identification software holds promise for squirrel work but results should be carefully screened.
Diggins, C.A., D.M. Jachhowski, J. Martin and W.M. Ford. 2015. Incidental captures of eastern spotted skunks in a high-elevation red spruce forest in the southern Appalachians. 2015 North American Joint Bat Working Group. St. Louis, MO. March 3-7	March 2015	Spotted skunks, believed very rare in Virginia, were caught frequently as incidental captures during a Carolina northern flying squirrel trapping session at Whitetop Mountain, Virginia. These captures represent the first for the spruce-fir habitat in the region and are also the highest recorded elevation for capture in the East.
Diggins, C.A., D. Jachowski, J. Martin and W.M. Ford. 2015. Incidental Captures of Eastern Spotted Skunk in a High-elevation Red Spruce Forest in the Southern Appalachians. Virginia Wildlife Society, Natural Bridge VA	February 2015	Spotted skunks, believed rare in Virginia, were caught numerous times in a high elevation red spruce forest near Whitetop Mountain, Grayson County in 2014.
Diggins, C.A., C.A. Kelly, L.M. Gilley and W.M. Ford. 2016. Comparison of survey techniques on detection of Northern Flying Squirrels: Live traps, camera traps, and ultrasonic acoustics. 23rd Annual Wildlife Society Conference, Raleigh, NC. October 15-19.	October 2016	Acoustic detectors are superior to live-trapping and camera trapping for determining presence of the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel in spruce-fir habitats of the southern Appalachians.
Diggins, C.A., A. Silvis, A. Kniowski, W.M. Ford, G. J. Graete and L.S. Coleman. 2014. ASSESSING WINTER ACTIVITY OF HIBERNATING BATS: LESSONS LEARNED. 2014 Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the South. Nacogdoches, TX .	February 2014	Over winter intra-hibernaculum activity in post-WNS impacted caves is not a good correlate for activity tallied outside or near the cave entrance. Equipment malfunction and vandalism is a primary concern when doing remote hibernacula acoustic surveys during the winter.
Diggins, C.A. and W.M. Ford. 2017. Rare and Endangered Wildlife of Appalachian Spruce-fir Forests: Considerations for Ecological Restoration. 2017 Southern and Central Appalachian High Elevation Restoration Workshop, Gatlinburg, TN. November 14-16.	November 2017	Spruce forest restoration in the central and southern Appalachians is confounded by issues of scale and prioritization. Target response species with different life history traits present challenges and opportunities for restoration activities going forward.
Diggins, C.A. and W.M. Ford. 2015. Microhabitat Selection of Virginia Northern Flying Squirrels in West Virginia. Virginia Wildlife Society, Natural Bridge, VA	February 2015	Virginia northern flying squirrels in West Virginia foraged in areas with more conifer cover (primarily red spruce) and deeper soil organic layers which in turn is indicative of the presence of hypogeal fungi (truffles) that are important dietary items for squirrels.
Diggins, C,A,, A. Silvis, A. Kniowski, W.M. Ford, G.J. Graeter, and L. Coleman. 2016. ASSESSING WINTER ACTIVITY OF HIBERNATING BATS USING ULTRASONIC ACOUSTICS: LESSONS LEARNED. 26th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Guntersville, AL. February 18-19	February 2016	Winter-duration acoustic monitoring at bat hibernacula can show trends in intra-hibernation bat activity and how those differ among caves/mines at various stages of White-nose Syndrome status. However, animal damage, vandalism and equipment failure must be accounted for in using this technique.
Devers, J.L. and R.J. Neves. May 2005. An evaluation of adult freshwater mussels held in captivity at the White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery. Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Symposium, St. Paul, MN.	May 2005
Deeley, S., J.B. Johnson, and W.M. Ford. 2019. WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME IMPACTS TO BAT COMMUNITIES ALONG A RURAL-URBAN GRADIENT. International Urban Wildlife Conference. Portland OR, June 2-5.	June 2019	Comparisons of pre- and post-WNS bat activity and community composition show dramatic change in the District of Columbia area. However, contrary to expectations, WNS-impacts for some species such as the threatened northern long-eared bat have been less in the more urbanized parks within the NPS National Capital Region.
Deeley, S., J.B. Johnson and W.M. Ford. 2019. Beltway bats: assessing WNS change in the National Capital Region. 2019 Northeast Bat Working Group Meeting, State College PA, January 16-18.	January 2019	Pre- to post-WNS changes in bat activity and community composition in the National Capital Area were measured. Post-WNS, most Myotid species are largely absent except in localized areas such as Rock Creek Park in D.C.
De La Cruz, J.L., C.R. Stearns, S.M. Webb, S.M. Deeley and W.M. Ford. An update on mid-Atlantic/Northeast Hub activities and estimates of species occupancy, detection and survey effort requirements with recommendations to support the North American Bat Monitoring Program from Maine. 2022 Northeast Bat Working Group. Manchester, NH. Jan. 12-14.	January 2022	Moving state-based bat acoustic monitoring efforts into the NABAT framework will require compromises to meet local needs. Moreover, for local needs, sampling duration with sufficient power to assess change may require additional effort using the NABAT framework.
De La Cruz, J.L., C.R. Stearns, S.M. Webb, S.M. Deeley and W.M. Ford. 2022. Estimates of species occupancy, detection and resultant survey effort requirements from Maine. Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Long Branch, NJ. April 3-5.	April 2022	Acoustic surveys of Maine, 2015-2021, suggest occupancy on a per species basis was influenced by habitat conditions and proximity to the coast. Approximately 120 sites need to be survey for 8 nights each annually to be able to detect increasing or decreasing trends in most bat species in Maine.
De La Cruz, J.L. and W.M. Ford.2023. Occupancy and Detection Estimates for the Endangered Northern long-eared bat in New England. 2023 Northeast Bat Working Group, Burlington, VT. Jan. 19.	January 2023	With the up-listing of the northern long-eared bat combined with poor spatial resolution of the current distribution of the species in the Northeast, we used occupancy modeling with habitat covariates to reflect the current range. This is critical for making ESA consultation decisions.
De La Cruz, J., R.L. Ward, E.S. Schroder, S. Deeley, E. Barr, S.R. Freeze, N. Kalen, M. Muthersbaugh, T. Nocera, W.M. Ford and J. Sheets. 2018. Post-WNS Northern Long-eared Bat Day-roost Use in the Upper Ohio River and Mid-Atlantic. 2018 Wildlife Society Meeting, Cleveland OH. Oct 7-11.	October 2018	Threatened northern long-eared bat presence and active maternity colonies are declining in the East. However, focal areas of successfully reproductive females are still occurring in the upper Ohio River Valley and Coastal Plain outside the karst zone.
De La Cruz, J., N. Kalen, E. Barr and W.M. Ford. 2020. Northern long-eared bats on the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina and Virginia. 27th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society. Sept 28-Oct 1.	September 2020	A residual population of the threatened northern long-eared bat occurs on the Coastal Plain of North Carolina and Virginia. Presence is associated with upland deciduous forest and woody wetlands in close proximity.
De La Cruz, J. and W.M. Ford. 2019. Comparison of acoustic detection probability rates and capture records of northern long-eared bats in the northeastern United States. 2019 Northeast Bat Working Group Meeting, State College PA, January 16-18.	January 2019	Residual populations of northern long-eared bats remain in the East. Characteristics of these include proximity to the coast and/or in areas with non-traditional overwintering hibernacula such as mines or swamp forests.
David S. Jachowski, Chris A. Dobony, Laci. S. Coleman, W. Mark Ford, Eric R. Britzke and Jane L. Rodrigue. 2014. DISEASE AND COMMUNITY ASSEMBLAGE: WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME ALTERS SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL NICHE PARTITIONING IN SYMPATRIC BAT SPECIES. 2014 Northeast Bat Working Group, Port Clinton, NJ.	January 2014	WNS has altered bat communities and created new spatial and temporal associations within species niches.
David Jachowski, Chris Dobony, Eric Britzke, John Edwards, Joshua Johnson, Laci Coleman, W. Mark Ford, and Jane Rodrigue. 2014. You don’t know what you got till it’s gone: 10 years of bat research at Fort Drum, New York. 2014 The Wildlife Society Meeting, Pittsburg, PA, Oct 25-29.	October 2014	This paper highlights the importance of multi-cooperator long-term wildlife research. For bats, a decade of research at Fort Drum has yielded important new insights in bat foraging and roosting ecology, survey techniques and impacts from White-nose Syndrome.
Conroy, M. P. Beier, H. Quigly, and M. Vaughan. 2004. Flawed scientific inferences about the Florida panther: The importance of sound science in endangered species management. 11th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Calgary, Alberta.	September 2004
Coleman, L.S., W.M. Ford, C.A. Dobony, and E.R. Britzke. 2013. Doubting Thomas probably did not own an Anabat. 2013 Northeast Bat Working Group Annual Meeting. Albany, New York, January 9-11.	January 2013	Following White-nose syndrome population declines, detection probabilities using netting are far lower than those for acoustical surveys for bats. Indiana bats can be documented at Fort Drum in 2 nights with acoustics or after 35 nights with netting.
Coleman, L.S., W.M. Ford, C.A. Dobony, and E.R. Britzke. 2013. A comparison of mist netting and acoustic sampling for detecting bat species in the post-white nose syndrome world. Virginia Chapter of the Wildlife Society Annual Meeting. Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia. February 12-13.	February 2013	Acoustic sampling has higher detection probabilities than mist-netting for white nose syndrome impacted species such as the endangered Indiana bat.
Coleman, L.S., W.M. Ford, C.A. Dobony and E.R. Britzke. 2014. EFFECT OF PASSIVE ACOUSTIC SAMPLING METHODOLOGY ON DETECTING BATS AFTER DECLINES FROM WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME. 2014 Northeastern Bat Working Group, Port Clinton, NJ.	January 2014	Acoustic designs that more "area" are effective monitoring strategies for monitoring bats impacted by WNS. his work will allow managers to better design sampling strategies for their particular monitoring needs and requirements.
Coleman, L.S., C.A. Dobony., W.M. Ford and E.R. Britzke. 2012. Acoustic monitoring in the post-WNS world: preliminary tests at Fort Drum Military Installation. 2012 Northeast Bat Working Group.	January 2012
Coleman, L.S., C.A. Dobony, W.M. Ford, and E.R. Britzke. 2012. A comparison of active and passive acoustic sampling in the post-WNS world: a pilot study at Fort Drum Military Installation. 22nd Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the South. February 23-24, Louisville, MS.	February 2012
Coleman, L.S., C.A. Dobony, W.M. Ford and E.R. Britzke. 2013. On overview of little brown bat habitat preferences at the Fort Drum Military Installation. 2013 Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the South. Pikeville, Tennessee. February 14-15.	February 2013	Little brown bats forage over open water and forested riparian areas. Telemetry and acoustics provide partially complimentary results.
Coleman, L.S., C.A. Dobony, W.M. Ford and E.R. Britzke. 2013. A comparison of passive and active acoustic sampling for monitoring a bat community impacted by white-nose syndrome. Abstracts of the 2013 Wildlife Society Meeting. Milwaukee, WI. October 5-8	October 2013	Passive acoustical sampling is superior to limited active sampling in the post-WNS environment to monitor bats.
Coleman, L.S., C.A. Dobony, W.M. Ford and E.R. Britzke. 2013. Uncertainty in home range estimates of little brown bats at Fort Drum Military Installation. 2013 Northeast Bat Working Group Meeting. Albany, New York. January 9-11.	January 2013	Error and bias associated with radio-tracking bats can be increased depending upon home range and habitat estimator chosen for analysis.
Coleman, L.A., C.A. Dobony, W.M. Ford and E.R. Britzke. 2013. A Comparison of Passive and Active Acoustic Sampling for Monitoring a Bat Community Impacted by White-nose Syndrome. Abstracts of the 2013 Wildlife Society, Milwaukee, WI. Oct 5-9.	October 2012	Bat numbers are reduced by white-nose syndrome thereby requiring acoustic rather than netting methods for monitoring. Passive acoustic sampling is more efficacious than active acoustic sampling.
Clevinger, G., R.W. DeYoung, W.M. Ford, M.J. Kelly, N.W. Lafon and M.J. Cherry.2023. Influence of Landscape Characteristics on Survival, Cause-specific Mortality, and Population Growth of White-tailed Deer in Western Virginia. 46th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Deer Study Group, Baton Rouge, LA. Feb 26-28.	February 2023	Black bear predation on white-tailed deer fawns accounts for about 50% of fawn mortality in the Central Appalachians. While deer populations are showing a modest rate of increase, opportunities to increase antlerless harvest much above current rates are limited.
Ciparis, S., Z.P. Martin, P.L. Angermeier, and D.J. Orth. 2018. Effects of coal mining-associated stressors on stream fishes. Annual North American meeting of Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.	November 2018	new findings on effects of coal mining effluent on stream fishes
Castaneda-Guzman, M., M. Harris, E. Frimpong, and P.L. Angermeier. Apr 2024. Development and application of a multiscale model of habitat suitability for Candy Darter. New River Symposium.	April 2024	summary of effort to find new Candy Darter populations
Castaneda-Guzman, M., E. Frimpong, and P.L. Angermeier. Apr 2024. Venturing into the virtual wild: innovations in ecological modeling with virtual species and rarity frameworks. Virginia Tech’s Annual Interfaces of Global Change Graduate Student Research Symposium.	April 2024	innovative approach to modeling distributions of rare, data-sparse aquatic species
Butler, A.R., A.J. Edelman, R.Y.Y. Eng, S.N. Harris, C. Olfenbuttel, E.D. Thorne, W.M. Ford and D.S. Jachowski. 2021. Predation and disease limit population recovery of a cryptic small carnivore, the Appalachian Spotted Skunk. 100th Annual Conference of the American Society of Mammalogists, June 14-18 (virtual).	June 2021	Annual survival of eastern spotted skunks is moderate and recruitment is low in the Appalachians. The population appears to be declining and unable to colonize available habitat.
Butler, A., A. Edleman, R. Eng, S. Harris, C. Offenbuttel, E. Thorne, M. Ford and D. Jachowski. 2021. Predation and disease limit population recovery of a cryptic small carnivore, the Appalachian spotted skunk. 28th Annual Meeting of the Wildlife Society. Nov. 1-5 (virtual).	November 2021	Spotted skunks are a species of conservation concern in the Appalachians. Current survival and recruitment rates suggest populations are declining.<br><br>The eastern spotted skunk (<i>Spilogale putorius</i>) is a small, secretive carnivore that has substantially declined throughout the eastern United States since the mid-1900s. To better understand the current status of eastern spotted skunks, we investigated survival and reproduction of the Appalachian subspecies (<i>S. p. putorius</i>) acros
Buckwalter, J., P. Angermeier, and E. Hallerman. 2019. Identification of larval darters of the upper Roanoke River drainage. Poster at joint meeting of Virginia, Virginia Tech, and West Virginia chapters, American Fisheries Society.	February 2019	new methods for identifying larval darters
Brtizke, E.R., A .Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2014. Effects of Hierarchical Roost Removal on Northern Long-eared Bat Maternity Colonies. 2014 North American Society for Bat Research. Oct. 22-24. Albany NY.	October 2014	Northern bats can tolerate up to about 20% of day-roost removal in the dormant season before impacts to roost network associations are observed.
Brown, M., M. Kowalewski, D. Cherry, and R.J. Neves. March 2004. Using geochemical and taphonomic signatures of freshwater mussel shells to explore industry-related extirpations in the North Fork Holston River, VA. Joint Meeting of the Northeastern and Southeastern Sections of the Geological Society of America, Baltimore, MD.	March 2004
Britzke, E.R., W.M. Ford., C.A Dobony, and R. E. Rainbolt. 2010. Assessment of the impacts of White-nose Syndrome induced bat mortality on DoD installations. 17th Annual Meeting of the Wildlife Society. Snowbird, Utah. October 2-6	October 2010
Bridges, A.S., J.A. Fox, C. Olfenbuttel, and M.R. Vaughan. 2004. American black bear denning ecology: observations and applications using remote photography. 15th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, San Diego, CA.	February 2004
Bridges, A., and M. Vaughan. September 2003. Activity patterns of black bears in northwest Virginia: evaluation via remote photography. 10th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society, Burlington, VT.	September 2003
Bridges, A., J. Fox, C. Olfenbuttel, and M.Vaughan. November 2004. Denning ecology of American black bears in western Virginia: implication for research and management. Carnivore Conference 2004, Santa Fe, NM.	November 2004
Bridges, A., D. Lee, and M. Vaughan. 2002. Field identification of yearling black bears with a morphometric-based dichotomous key. 14th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Steinkjer, Norway, July 29-August 3, 2002.	July 2002
Bridges, A., C. Olfenbuttel, and M.Vaughan. 2004. Reproductive ecology of American black bears in northwestern Virginia. 15th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, San Diego, CA.	February 2004
Bridges, A. J. Fox, C. Olfenbuttel, and M. Vaughan. 2004. Denning ecology of American black bears in western Virginia: Implications for research and management. 11th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society, Calgary, Alberta	September 2004
Brasfield, S.B., N. Beane, E.R. Britzke, W.M. Ford, R.H. Odom, S.N. Matthews and A. Davis. 2011. Susceptibility matrices of DOD installations to potential outcomes of biome-shift projections associated with climate change. Partners in Environmental Technology Technical Symposium and Workshop.	November 2011
Brasfield, S.B., N. Beane, E.R. Britzke, W.M. Ford, R.H. Odom, S. N. Matthews and A. Davis. 2011. Susceptibility matrices of DoD installations to potential outcomes of biome-shift projections associated with climate change. Partners in Environmental Technology Technical Symposium and Workshop. Washington D.C. November 29-December 1.	November 2011
Boyles, J.L., R.J. Neves, and B. Parker. March 2003. Glycogen content of freshwater mussels at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, West Virginia. Symposium of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Durham, NC.	March 2003
Bombaci, S.P., M.J. St. Germain, W.M. Ford, S.C. Loeb, R.E. Russell, C.A. Dobony, and D.S. Jachowski. 2020. Pathogen-mediated competition explains remnant bat assemblage responses to white-nose syndrome. Abstracts of the 2020 North American Congress on Conservation Biology. Denver, Co., July 29.	July 2020	For bats, relative to WNS, we provide observational evidence that pathogen-mediated competition can occur among multiple interacting species. WNS may reshape bat assemblages through both direct effects on impacted species and indirect effects on non-susceptible species and that impacts will vary based on community membership and physiographic province.
Bombaci, S.P., M. St. Germain, W.M. Ford, S. Loeb, D. Jachowski, C.A. Dobony and R.E. Russell. 2019. Direct and indirect effects of white nose syndrome and wind energy development on bat community structure. 2019 Wildlife Society Meeting, Reno NV. Sept 29-Oct. 3.	October 2019	Bats face numerous stressors at present in eastern North America. Impacts from white-nose syndrome and wind energy development are occurring simultaneously in an interactive fashion that is dependent on location and pre-stressor bat community.
Blume, C., A. LItterer, and W.M. Ford. 2024. Changes in the nightly activity of northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) due to increased urban light intensity in Rock Creek Park, Washington D.C. 34th Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeast. Hilton Head, SC. Feb. 16.	February 2024	Artificial light can be a deterrent to interior forest obligate bat species such as the northern long-eared bat. Acoustic surveys from 2023 at Rock Creek Park suggest that northern long-eared bats primarily used interior closed canopy forests and avoided open areas regardless of being illuminated with artificial light or not.
Bishop, C. and R. J. Neves. August 2005. Propagation and culture of freshwater mussels in vitro. USEPA Mussel Toxicology Workshop, Chicago, IL.	August 2005
Benejam, L., P.L. Angermeier, A. Munné, and E. García-Berthou. 2009. Stream drying in the Iberian Peninsula and consequences for fish assemblages. Annual meeting of American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. Nice, France.	January 2009
Beckner, M.E., E.D. Thorne, K.E. Powers, R.J. Reynolds and W.M. Ford. 2018. Detection efficiency of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) in Virginia, 2017. 28th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S. Roanoke, VA, March 27-29.	March 2018	Detection probability using remotely triggered cameras is higher than live-trapping to determine the presence of Allegheny woodrats at emergent rock features. Although both techniques are robust and can determine presence quickly, camera-trapping is less affected by weather.
Beck, K.M., and R.J. Neves. March 12, 2001. Selective feeding on algae by the rainbow mussel (Villosa iris). Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society, Pittsburgh, PA.	March 2001
Batts, G.K., M.R. Vaughan, M.J. Kelly, and N. Lafon. 2006. A modified approach to rocket netting white-tailed deer using a remote video system. Presented by Batta at the 60th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies in Norfolk, VA.	April 2006
Batts, G.K., M.J. Kelly, and M.R. Vaughan. 2006. An assessment of Quality Deer Management on a private hunt club in the Virginia Piedmont. Poster presented by Batts at the 13th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society in ANchorage, AK.	September 2006
Barr, E.L., D.F. Stauffer, A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2019. Lost in translation? Differences in bat acoustic detectors. Combined 24th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and 29th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S., Jacksonville, FL., February 21-22.	February 2019	Bat survey data for regulatory assessment is complicated by disparate equipment type. Acoustic detectors of different makes largely agreed at the per nightly level on occupancy by multiple bat species.
Barr, E., A. Silvis, W.M. Ford. 2018. Who, when, where: year-round bat activity patterns along the mid-Atlantic Coast. 2018 Wildlife Society Meeting, Cleveland OH. Oct 7-11.	October 2018	Bat activity occurs year-round on the Eastern Shore of Virginia which has implications for wind-energy development. Evening bat activity was noted, representing a northern-most distributional record for the species in the summer beyond accidental reports.
Barr, E., A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2020. Seasonal Activity Patterns of Virginia’s Coastal Bats. 2020 Northeastern Bat Working Group, Saratoga Springs, NY. January 15-18.	January 2020	Coastal environments are targeted for future wind-energy development in Virginia, possibly impacting bats. Bat activity occurred year-round on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, but activity was relatively low at conditions above cut-in speed.
Barr, E., A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2018. BATS ACROSS THE SPACE-TIME CONTINUUM – A THEORY OF RELATIVE ACTIVITY. 28th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S. Roanoke, VA, March 27-29.	March 2018	Bat activity across a transect of sites from the Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River varies based on species assemblage, time since advent of White-nose Syndrome and survey micro-habitat. These data can be used to develop region-specific monitoring standards.
Barnhart, C. and R.J. Neves. August 2005. Overview of North American freshwater mussels. USEPA Mussel Toxicology Workshop, Chicago, IL.	August 2005
Austin, L., A. Silvis, and W.M. Ford. 2015. Conservation of Myotis septentrionalis in Virginia: A preliminary outlook. 2015 Virginia Wildlife Society Meeting, Natural Bridge VA.	February 2015	Northern long-eared bat presence was detected mainly in the western Mountains and southeastern Coastal Plain in 2014 surveys. Statewide occupancy was 0.5 at 82 surveyed sites indicating the widespread impact from white-nose syndrome on this once common bat.
Austin, L., A. Silvis, M. Mutherbaugh and W.M. Ford. 2016. A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE POST-WNS IMPACTS OF FIRE ON BAT OCCUPANCY IN SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK. 2016 Northeast Bat Working Group, Baltimore MD. Jan 12-13.	January 2015	Relationships of bats to time since fire and physiographic setting vary at Shenandoah National Park. Post-WNS assemblage is dominated by big brown bats and few myotids.
Austin, L., A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2017. Impacts of prescribed fire and riparian areas on bat activity in Warm Spring Mountain, Virginia. 2017 Southeastern Bat Diversity Network and Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals. Asheville, NC. Feb. 16-17.	February 2017	How bats respond to large-scale landscape restoration burning the Appalachians in the post-WNS environment is poorly know. Activity of most extant species was greater in the changed upland and riparian forest structure post-fire and unburned controls.
Austin, L., A. Silvis and W.M. Ford. 2015. A preliminary assessment of the current distribution of three white-nose syndrome impacted bat species in Virginia. 2015 North American Joint Bat Working Group. St. Louis, MO, March 3-7.	March 2015	Bat habitat relationships post-WNS in Virginia appear to exhibit a curvilinear relationships with elevation across the 3 major physiographic provinces. Occupancy of many species was very low in the Piedmont.
Aubin, G.R., C.C. Nye, J.H. Rohm, W.M. Ford and M.J. Cherry. 2020. White-tailed deer fawn survival and factors affecting recruitment on Marine Corps Base Quantico. 27th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society. Sept. 28-Oct 1.	September 2020	White-tailed deer recruitment is declining in much of the East. Along the Fall Line in eastern Virginia, extrinsic factors, such as red oak mast abundance preceding birth was the largest contributor to fawn survival.
Argentina, J.E., P.L. Angermeier, E.M. Hallerman, and J. E. Printz. 2010. Genetic structure and diversity of variegate darters (Etheostoma variatum) in the Big Sandy River drainage. Poster at annual meeting of Southeastern Fishes Council.	June 2010
Argentina, J.E. and P.L. Angermeier. 2011. Is variegate darter really endangered in Virginia? Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society.	January 2011
Argentina, J.E. and P.L Angermeier. 2012. Surface mining impacts on physical, biological, and chemical variables in the upper Big Sandy River drainage. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	August 2012
Argentina, J., P. Angermeier, and J. Roberts. 2014. Habitat use by young-of-year Roanoke logperch in the upper Roanoke River. Annual meeting of Virginia Chapter, American Fisheries Society.	February 2014	reports new analysis of habitat associations of an endangered fish
Argentina, J., P. Angermeier, and E. Hallerman. 2010. Genetic structure and diversity of variegate darters (Etheostoma variatum) in the Big Sandy River drainage. Poster at annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	September 2010
Argentina, J. and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. Preliminary investigation into the ecology of variegate darters (Etheostoma variatum) in the upper Big Sandy River drainage, VA and WV.	October 2009
Argentina, J. and P. Angermeier. 2012. Are variegate darters actually rare or imperiled in Virginia? Annual meeting of Virginia Chapter, American Fisheries Society.	February 2012
Angermeier, P.L., S.D. Klopfer, K.L. Krueger, K.M. Mattson, and L.D. Roghair. January 2005. Development of an aquatic gap analysis for the upper Tennessee River basin. USGS GAP Advisory Panel, New Orleans, LA.	January 2005
Angermeier, P.L., M. Hirschler, A. Villamagna, and E. Laflamme. Feb 2024. Deposited sediment influences occurrence of functional traits of stream fishes. Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society.	February 2024	new findings on impacts of fine sediment on stream fishes
Angermeier, P.L., L.A. Krometis, and M.J. Stern. Apr 2021. Exploring relationships among stream health, human well-being, and demographics. 12th National Monitoring Conference	April 2021	new work revealing complex relations between ecosystem health and human well-being, including racial differences
Angermeier, P.L., K.C. Nelson, M.A. Palmer, J.E. Pizzuto, G.E. Moglen, R.H. Hilderbrand, M. Dettinger, and K. Hayhoe. 2008. Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. (invited)	August 2008
Angermeier, P.L., K.C. Nelson, M.A. Palmer, J.E. Pizzuto, G.E. Moglen, R.H. Hilderbrand, M. Dettinger, and K. Hayhoe. 2008. Forecasting the combined effects of urbanization and climate change on stream ecosystems: from impacts to management options. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. (invited)	May 2008
Angermeier, P.L., J.H. Roberts, J.C. Richard, E.A. Frimpong, and N.P. Hitt. 2013. Perspectives on stream fish movement: a conceptual framework and empirical tests. Mountain Stream Symposium II, Harrisonburg, VA.	September 2013	synthesis and development of concepts needed to understand fish movement in ecological and evolutionary contexts.
Angermeier, P.L., J.H. Roberts, E.A. Frimpong, N.P. Hitt, B.W. Albanese, and P.D. Pegelow. 2011. Potential influences of individual mobility and habitat use on vulnerability of stream fish populations to habitat fragmentation. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. (invited)	September 2011
Angermeier, P.L. and M.J. Pinder. 2015. Viewing the status of Virginia’s environment through the lens of freshwater fishes. Annual meeting of Virginia Academy of Science.	May 2015	summary of status of environment, as reflected by Virginia fishes
Angermeier, P.L. and C.A. Dolloff. 2015. Opportunities and challenges in navigating multiple bureaucracies to inform fish management. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	August 2015	summary of experiences in conducting science within university and federal-agency bureaucracies
Angermeier, P.L. and A.M. Villamagna. 2011. Capacities and flows of aquatic ecosystem services in the Albemarle-Pamlico basin. Albemarle-Pamlico National Estuary Program State of the Sounds Symposium. (invited)	November 2011
Angermeier, P.L. and A.L. George (organizers and moderators). 2012. Connecting people to freshwater conservation through citizen-engaged science and analysis of ecosystem services. Symposium at first meeting of North America Congress for Conservation Biology.	July 2012
Angermeier, P.L. and A.L. George (organizers and moderators). 2009. Enhancing conservation of freshwater fishes through diverse partnerships. Symposium at annual meeting of American Fisheries Society, Nashville, TN.	September 2009
Angermeier, P.L. and A. Villamagna. 2010. Using knowledge of aquatic ecosystem services to advance river conservation. Clinch-Powell Clean Rivers Initiative Symposium. (invited)	January 2010
Angermeier, P.L. May 2002. Using fish communities to assess stream quality in the Southern Appalachians. Conference by Southern Appalachian Forest Coalition. Blacksburg, VA.	May 2002
Angermeier, P.L. June 2003. Ecologists as catalysts for conserving aquativ biodiversity. Annual meeting of Society for Conservation Biology. Duluth, MN.	June 2003
Angermeier, P.L. June 2003. Challenges in developing indices of biotic intergrity: a U.S. perspective. Semi-annual meeting of the Fish-based Assessment Method for the Ecological Status of European Rivers (FAME) work group. Rhodes, Greece.	June 2003
Angermeier, P.L. June 2002. Scientific and social challenges to making aquatic conservation more effective. Annual meeting of International Association of Landscape Ecologists, Lincoln, NE.	June 2002
Angermeier, P.L. January 2002. Scientific and social challenges to conserving lotic ecosystems. Annual meeting of New York Chapter of American Fisheries Society. Rochester, NY.	January 2002
Angermeier, P.L. August 2002. Prospects and challenges for gap analysis in aquatic conservation. Annual meeting of Gap Analysis Program. Shepherdstown, WV.	August 2002
Angermeier, P.L. August 2000. The relevance of biological integrity to conservation planning and reserve management. Annual meeting of National Gap Analysis Program, San Antonio, TX.	August 2000
Angermeier, P.L. August 2000. Conceptual gaps in the conservation of aquatic biodiversity: perspectives from Virginia. Annual meeting of National Gap Analysis Program, San Antonio, TX.	August 2000
Angermeier, P.L. Aug 2004. Fisheries biologists as catalysts for ecological and economic sustainability. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society, Madison, WI. (invited)	August 2004
Angermeier, P.L. Apr 2004. Opportunities and challenges in developing multimetric indices to assess environmental quality. Annual meeting of Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference, Ocean City, MD. (invited)	April 2004
Angermeier, P.L. 2016. Roles, challenges, and lessons for fishery scientists in creating, disseminating, and applying ‘best available science’. Plenary talk at annual meeting of Western Division, American Fisheries Society.	March 2016	overview of how fishery science is incorporated into policy
Angermeier, P.L. 2009. Using ecological concepts to understand and communicate environmental impacts of economic growth. Annual meeting of North American Benthological Society. (invited)	May 2009
Angermeier, P.L. 2009. Making conservation biology relevant: muddlings and reflections of a fish ecologist. Lead-off speaker (invited)	October 2009
Angermeier, P.L. 2009. Can knowledge of aquatic ecosystem services help forge partnerships for fish conservation? Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society, Nashville, TN. (invited)	September 2009
Angermeier, P.L. 2008. The biodiversity crisis redefined: connecting conservation biology to human well-being. Annual meeting of Society for Conservation Biology.	February 2008
Angermeier, P.L. 2007. Fish biologists as catalysts for creating ecological sustainability. Annual meeting of United States Society for Ecological Economics. (invited)	June 2007
Angermeier, P.L. 2007. Biological integrity as a multi-scale framework to aid biotic assessment, ecological restoration, conservation planning, and public education. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society. (invited)	September 2007
Angermeier, P.L. 2002. Scientific and social challenges to conserving lotic ecosystems. Annual Meeting of the NY Chapter of the American Fisheries Society.	January 2002
Angermeier, P., D. Jachowski, J. Millspaugh, and R. Slotow. 2017. Reintroducing fish and wildlife populations to achieve conservation goals. Annual meeting of International Congress for Conservation Biology.	July 2017	overview of new book on animal reintroduction for conservation purposes
Angermeier, P., A. Villamagna, and B. Mogollón. 2013. Engaging conservation stakeholders in assessing ecosystem services: lessons learned in the Albemarle-Pamlico basin. Annual meeting of International Congress for Conservation Biology.	July 2013	summary of recent experience of researchers collaborating with stakeholders to use knowledge of ecosystem services in conservation planning
Angermeier, P., A. Villamagna, E. Bennett, and B. Mogollon. 2011. Assessing capacity versus flow of aquatic ecosystem services in the Albemarle-Pamlico basin. Annual meeting of North Carolina Water Resources Research Institute. (invited)	March 2011
Angermeier, P., A. Villamagna, E. Bennett, B. Mogollon, E. Frimpong, and S. Mahajan. 2012. Stakeholder workshops on aquatic ecosystem services inform conservation planning in the Albemarle-Pamlico basin. First meeting of North America Congress for Conservation Biology.(invited)	July 2012
Angermeier, P. and A. Villamagna. 2013. Integrating stakeholder engagement, scenario analysis, and ecosystem-service mapping for conservation planning in the Albemarle-Pamlico basin. Albemarle-Pamlico Ecosystem Symposium, New Bern, NC.	November 2013	ilustrates how scientists can use their technical expertise to help non-scientists advance their conservation planning
Angermeier, P. and A. George. 2014. Development of freshwater literacy standards by members of American Fisheries Society and Society for Conservation Biology. Annual meeting of American Fisheries Society.	August 2014	update on development freshwater literacy standards by AFS and SCB colleagues
Angermeier, P. May 2022. Reframing conservation concepts and actions to enhance in-the-water conservation success. Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting. (invited)	May 2022	retrospective view of aquatic conservation efficacy
Angermeier, P. L., C. A. Dolloff, and K. L. Kreuger. October 1999. Discontinuity in stream fish distributions: implications for designing surveys and predicting species occurrences. International Symposium of Predicting Species Occurrence, Snowbird, UT.	October 1999
Angermeier, P. L. June, 2000. Could a landscape lens improve our view of aquatic conservation? Annual meeting of Society for Conservation Biology, Missoula, MT.	June 2000
Angermeier, P. L. August. 2000. The relevance of biological integrity to conservation planning and reserve management. Annual meeting of National Gap Analysis Program, San Antonio, TX.	August 2000
Angermeier, P. L. August, 2000. Conceptual gaps in the conservation of aquatic biodiversity. Annual meeting of National Gap Analyses Program, San Antonio, TX.	August 2000
Anderson, G.B., J.H. Roberts, and P.L. Angermeier. 2014. Accounting for imperfect detection and spatiotemporal autocorrelation in a BACI design to monitor the federally endangered Roanoke logperch in the Roanoke River. Annual meeting of Southern Division, American Fisheries Society.	January 2014	innovative statistical approach to assess environmental impacts on fish populations
Allred, C., and E.A. Hunter. 2023. Using Remote Sensing Data to Predict Habitat Occupancy of Early Successional Bird Species in Georgia. The Wildlife Society 30th Annual Conference, Louisville, KY. November 5-9, 2023.	November 2023	We found that models created using remotely sensed habitat data performed well at predicting the occupancy of three bird species as measured by Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve: BACS=0.84, NOBO=0.87, RCW=0.71. For NOBO and BACS, we were able to compare these satellite imagery models to field-based models, and satellite models performed better than those using traditional vegetation survey data (BACS=0.80, NOBO=0.79).
Allred, C., and E.A. Hunter. 2023. Using Remote Sensing Data to Predict Habitat Occupancy of Bachman’s Sparrow, an Early Successional Bird Species, in Georgia. Virginia Chapter of The Wildlife Society annual meeting, Martinsville, VA.	February 2023	In this study, we sought to evaluate the use of satellite remote sensing data to inform the management of Bachman's Sparrows. Our study provides several important inferences: 1) the habitat usage of Bachman’s sparrow, 2) the efficacy of using satellite imagery to inform the occupancy of early successional species and 3) the importance of incorporating ground-truthing surveys into the study design of developing predictive models.
Albanese, B. and P.L. Angermeier. August 2001. Distribution of fishes in a network of streams: are high-density sites valuable for conservation? Annual Meeting of American Fisheries Society, Phoenix, AZ.	August 2001
Albanese, B. and P. Angermeier. June 2001. Movement of fishes in a network of streams in southwest Virginia: do interspecific differences in movement patterns translate into differences in colonization ability? Annual meeting of North American Benthological Society, La Crosse, WI.	June 2001
Albanese, B. W., and P. L. Angermeier. June, 2000. Movement of stream fishes in a network of tributaries and implications for conservation. Annual meeting of American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, La Paz, Mexico.	June 2000
Adams, M. B. and W.M. Ford. 2011. Natural Gas from Marcellus Shale, Lessons from the Fernow Experimental Forest, and What about Wildlife, anyway? Winter Meeting of the Ohio Society of American Foresters. Columbus, OH. March 8-9.	March 2011
Abernathy, H.N., D.M. Kalb, B. Quinland, E.D. Thorne, W.M. Ford and M.J. Cherry. 2020. Spatial ecology of reintroduced elk in Virginia. 27th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society, Sept. 28-Oct 1.	September 2020	Although there was high variation in elk movement post-reintroduction in Virginia, home ranges tended to get smaller in time since release. Once home-ranges were established, movement was correlated with plant phenology (green-up) in and around surface mines.
Fischer, R., T. Katzner, M. Ford, T. Hudson, V. Slabe, P. Cutler, D. Raybuck, R. Lance, and Al. Kennedy. 2024. Demonstrating technologies to monitor sublethal responses of eagles to military activities on Department of Defense Installations. [Poster Presentation]. DoD Energy and Environment Innovation Symposium. Washington, D.C., December 3-5.	December 2024	Military installations must manage for impacts to golden eagles from training and stewardship activities. We are seeking to understand how disturbance from training, especially noise from munitions and overflights and exposure to lead from recreational hunting contribute to sublethal impacts.
True, M.C., W.M. Ford and R. Reynolds. 2020. Long-term, multi-season bat monitoring on the Eastern Shore of Virginia's barrier islands - implications for future wind energy development. Abstracts of the 30th Annual Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA. February 15	February 2020	Bat use of coastal areas has increased in interest because of potential impacts from future wind-energy development. Year-round acoustic surveys showed bat activity throughout the year on Virginia's barrier islands, albeit low in winter and with most activity irrespective of season on islands with forest communities rather than shrub-scrub/marsh.
Thorne, E.D., and W.M. Ford. Home range is where the habitat is: forest fragmentation may restrict spotted skunk movements in Appalachian Virginia. 2020. Abstracts of the 30th Annual Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA. February 15	February 2020	The spotted skunk is a species of concern in Virginia. Fragmented forest conditions interact with local physiography of mountains to restrict movement across the landscape.
Thorne, E.D., E.M. Hallerman and W.M. Ford. 2020. Genetic diversity and population structure of eastern spotted skunks (Spilogale putorius) in Virginia. Abstracts of the 30th Annual Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA. February 15	February 2020	Eastern spotted skunks are a rare species of concern in Virginia. Factors limiting its abundance are unknown, however, population genetics suggest populations are structured among physiographic provinces that are separated by human-dominated landscapes.
Taylor, H., W. Orndorff, R.J. Reynolds, M. Short, K.E. Powers and W.M. Ford. 2020. Gray bat (Myotis Grisescens) activity levels in southwest Virginia. 27th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society. Sept 28-Oct 1.	September 2020	Endangered gray bats occupy portions of the upper Tennessee River Valley in southwest Virginia where bridge roosting triggers ESA requirements for Virginia Dept. of Transportation. Patterns of occupancy are seasonal, expanding from south to north from March through July and then receding to the Tennessee line by October.
Taylor, H., K.M. Gorman, M.C. True, K.E. Powers and W.M. Ford. 2020. Gray bat (Myotis grisescens) activity levels across southwest Virginia. Abstracts of the 30th Annual Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA. February 15	February 2020	Endangered gray bats are present in southwest Virginia during the spring, summer and fall. Widespread acoustic surveys and bridge surveys suggest the species readily uses watersheds other than the Tennessee River system, i.e., the New and Big Sandy watersheds.
Moran, M.L.,W. Boyd, J.L. De La Cruz, A.S. Berke and W.M. Ford. 2023. ORAL SAMPLING OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES LITTLE BROWN BAT (MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS) FOR SARS-COV-2 BY PCR. 2023 Northeast Bat Working Group, Burlington, VT. Jan. 19, 2023	January 2023	Concern that bats in close proximity to humans are potential covd-19 spillover sources prompted a survey of little brown bats in the Northeast in 2022. All bats tested for SARS-CoV2 from Virginia, New York, New Hampshire, Maryland and New Jersey were negative for the disease.
Kalen, N.J., A.S. Foy, P.R Moosman and W.M. Ford. 2020. Talus habitat modeling for eastern small-footed bats in Shenandoah National Park. 2020. Abstracts of the 30th Annual Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA. February 15	February 2020	Emergent rock habitat in Shenandoah National Park is an important area for eastern small-footed bats in the central Appalachians. Occupancy of many talus slopes in the park was high.
Jorge, M.J., M. True, S. Freeze, S. Sweeten, M.J. Cherry and W.M. Ford. 2020. Winter-day roosts of Seminole bats in north-cenral Florida: a burning question. Abstracts of the 30th Annual Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA. February 15	February 2020	Dormant season prescribed burning may impact over-winter migratory bats in the Deep South. Day-roosting Seminole bats largely did not vacate high-canopy day-roosts as fires went through stands, yet were unharmed, indicating these species are adapted to survive in fire-dominated systems.
Holcombe, B., R.S. Alonso, D.C. McNitt, W.M. Ford and M.J. Kelly. 2024 Diet Composition and Foraging Behavior Analysis of Wild American Black Bears (Ursus americanus) via Video Camera Collars. 31st Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society, Baltimore, MD, October 19-23.	October 2024	Previous black bear food habits analyses using scat collection typically have underestimated the amount of highly digestible material, e.g., soft mast, tubers in diets. Using bears outfitted with collar-mounted video cameras, we documented a higher and more diverse use of vegetative material than previously reported including numerous invasive species.
Guill, M.H., J. De La Cruz, S Klopfer and W.M. Ford. 2020. Southeastern fox squirrel occupancy and habitat associations of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of Virginia. 27th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society. Sept 28-Oct 1.	September 2020	Populations of the Southeastern fox squirrel are much reduced in Virginia. Absent from the Piedmont, occupancy in pine habitat types in the Coastal Plain is < 0.25.
Gorman, K.M., S.M. Deeley, S.R. Freeze, N. Kalen, E.L. Barr, M. Muthersbaugh, and W.M. Ford. 2021. Broad-scale geographic and temporal assessment of northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colony landscape association. 2021 Virtual Conference Northeast Bat Working Group. March 10.	March 2020	Current management guidelines for the endangered northern long-eared bat do no consider the importance of forested riparian habitat. Acoustic data at known maternity sites in several states confirmed high use of riparian areas for foraging and commuting habitat.
Gorman, K.M., S.L. Hoff, A.M. Sandercock, J. De La Cruz, S.R. Freeze, S.M. Deeley, N. Kalen, L. Johnson, and W.M. Ford. 2022. Northern long-eared bat roosts and population structure along the Eastern Seaboard. 101st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Tucson, AZ. June 17-21.	June 2022	Northern long-eared bat populations post-WNS still appear to be genetically undifferentiated. However, evidence of in-breeding may be occurring with populations from coastal Massachusetts being the most distinct, and populations in the lower Potomac River Basin are more related to eastern North Carolina than those nearby in the Appalachian Mountains.
Gorman, K.G., H. Taylor, T.S. McCay, T.M. Carter and W.M. Ford. 2024. Seasonal changes in shrew morphology. 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Boulder, CO. July 7-11.	July 2024	Shrews can alter body morphology relative to resource availability. Changes in shrew brain and visceral organ mass shows changes along seasonal and elevational/habitat quality gradients in the southern Appalachians.
Gorman, K., T. Nocera, E. Barr, W.M. Ford and L. Ries. 2020. Year-round northern long-eared bat acoustic activity at Fire Island National Seashore 27th Annual Conference of the Wildlife Society. Sept 28-Oct 1.	September 2020	Threatened northern long-eared bat maternity colonies continue to persist on Long Island. Timing of first arrival and last departure using acoustic recordings suggest the species is not overwintering in white-nose impacted caves in upstate New York, but rather locally either in forests or aberrant hibernacula.
Gorman, K., T. Nocera, E. Barr and W.M. Ford. 2020. ROOST NETWORK DYNAMICS OF A NORTHERN LONG-EARED BAT *(MYOTIS SEPTENTRIONALIS) MATERNITY COLONY* AT THE WILLIAM FLOYD ESTATE, NEW YORK. 2020 Northeastern Bat Working Group, Saratoga Springs, NY. January 15-18.	January 2020	Residual northern long-eared bats are persisting in coastal Long Island. Colony dynamics, albeit on a smaller spatial scale, appear to be similar to pre-WNS conditions.
Freeze, S.R., S.M. Deeley and W.M. Ford. 2024. Roost Tree and Stand Conditions of the Endangered Northern Long-eared Bat (Myotis Septentrionalis) in the Mid-Atlantic with a Comparison between Marine Corps Base Quantico, VA, Prince William Forest Park, VA, and Rock Creek Park, D.C. 34th Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeast. Hilton Head, SC. Feb 16.	February 2024	Northern long-eared bat day-roosts in the coastal mid-Atlantic are similar in tree species and forest stand structure to other populations in the East.
Diggins, C.A. and W.M. Ford. 2020. Seasonal bat activity in high elevation montane conifer sky-islands. Abstracts of the 30th Annual Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA. February 15	February 2020	Bat communities in the high elevation spruce-fir forests of the southern Appalachians has been poorly documented. Acoustic surveys suggest a spring and summer bat community dominated by migratory tree-bats such as the hoary bat more commonly found in the north at that time.
Deeley, S., W.M. Ford, N. Kalen, S.R. Freeze, M. St. Germain, M. Muthersbaugh, E. Barr, A.B. Kniowski, A. Silvis and J. De La Cruz. 2020. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACOUSTIC ECHOLOCATION AND REPRODUCTION DATA IN MID-ATLANTIC BATS. 2020 Northeastern Bat Working Group, Saratoga Springs, NY. January 14-18.	January 2020	Correlating acoustic activity with the phenology of bat reproductive timing currently is a data gap for managers. Across the mid-Atlantic we observed bat activity highest during lactation rather than immediate post-volancy.
Deeley, S., W.M. Ford, N. Kalen, S.R. Freeze and E. Barr. 2020. ACOUSTIC SAMPLING FOR BAT PRESENCE IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: APPLICABILITY OF NABAT AND USFWS METHODS. 2020 Northeastern Bat Working Group, Saratoga Springs, NY. January 14-18.	January 2020	Necessary level of effort for acoustic sampling is a critical component of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service monitoring activities. While dependent on species and landscape context, increasing sites rather than duration at fewer sites provides a smaller per site level of effort over a landscape.
De La Cruz, J., S. Jones and W.M. Ford. 2024. Occupancy and relative abundance estimates of the endangered northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) on the Monongahela National Forest . 34th Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeast. Hilton Head, SC. Feb. 16.	February 2024	Post-WNS population and distribution of the endangered northern long-eared bat are very low and restricted on the Monongahela National Forest in West Virginia. Estimates of relative activity suggest limited or no reproduction and potential local extirpation.
De La Cruz, J., M. True, H. Taylor, D. Brown, G. Jordan, C. Manley, and W.M. Ford. 2020. MULTI-SCALE HABITAT SELECTION BY NORTHERN LONG-EARED BATS ON THE COASTAL PLAIN OF NORTH CAROLINA. Abstracts of the 30th Annual Colloquium on Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern United States. Athens, GA. February 15.	February 2020	A residual reproducing of northern long-eared bats occurs in eastern North Carolina. Linked to bottomland hardwoods adjacent to larger patches of upland hardwood forest, suitable habitat appears limited in current landscapes.
Bombaci, S.P., M. J. St. Germain, W.M. Ford, S. Loeb, R.E. Russell, C.A. Dobony and D.S. Jachowski. 2020. Pathogen-mediated competition explains remnant bat assemblage responses to white-nose syndrome/ 100th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists. Boulder, CO., June 7.	June 2020	For bats, relative to WNS, we provide observational evidence that pathogen-mediated competition can occur among multiple interacting species. WNS may reshape bat assemblages through both direct effects on impacted species and indirect effects on non-susceptible species and that impacts will vary based on community membership and physiographic province.
Aubin, Gisele R., W. Matt Knox, Nelson W. Lafon, W. Mark Ford, Marcella J. Kelly and Michael J. Cherry. 2020. Drivers of White-tailed Deer Recruitment in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia. 43rd Annual Meeting of the Southeast Deer Study Group. Auburn, AL. Feb. 22-24.	February 2020	White-tailed deer numbers are declining in some parts of the central and southern Appalachians. On a county-wide basis in western Virginia, fawn recruitment is negatively related to black bear population size and amount of contiguous, over-mature forests.
Quinlan, B.A., H.N. Abernathy, J.P. Rosenberger, D.M. Kalb, E.D. Thorne, W.M Ford and M.J. Cherry, 2024. Exploratory ecology of reintroduced elk. 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, Boulder, CO. July 7-11.	July 2024	Successful elk reintroduction in the Appalachian Coalfields in part hinges on the ability of managers to predict on-site retention versus dispersal into areas where human conflict may occur. Our findings suggest the selection of a release site, the number of released cohorts, and the composition of sex and age classes for released individuals are important considerations for successful reintroductions.
Litterer, A.S., S.R. Freeze, M.L. Moran, R.E. Green and W.M. Ford. 2023. ACOUSTIC ACTIVITY OF LITTLE BROWN BATS (MYOTIS LUCIFUGUS) WITHIN AND OUTSIDE OF THE ESTIMATED SPACE USE OF A MATERNITY COLONY. 2023 Northeast Bat Working Group, Burlington, VT. Jan. 19, 2023	January 2023	Little brown bats are largely extirpated in the Potomac River corridor. We used a combination of acoustic and radio-telemetry data from the last known colony to calibrate acoustic activity in order to use that as a tool for identifying remaining or yet unknown colonies.
1. Mike Vaughan traveled to Kyoto, Japan as an invited plenary speaker at an international workshop titled “The mechanism of intrusion of bears into residential areas”. His presentation was titled "The influence of food availability on American black bear (Ursus americanus) physiology, behavior, and ecology". November 2008.	November 2008
S. M. Deeley, W.M. Ford, E. Barr, and M. St. Germain. 2018. I REALLY CAN’T STAY – BUT BAT IT’S COLD OUTSIDE. 28th Annual Colloquium on the Conservation of Mammals in the Southeastern U.S. Roanoke, VA, March 27-29.	March 2018	Overwinter activity of cave-hibernating bats was observed in the Coastal Plain of eastern Virginia and in the District of Columbia where caves and mines are absent. This possibly means the area may be a WNS-free refugia for a small population of affected bats.

Theses and Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations	Publication Date
True, M. 2022. North American Tree Bat (Genera: Lasiurus, Lasionycteris) Migration on the Mid-Atlantic Coast—Implications and Discussion for Current and Future Offshore Wind Development. M.S. Thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg. 135 p.	January 2022
Thorne, E.D. 2020. Spatial ecology of a vulnerable species: home range dynamics, resource use, and genetic differentiation of eastern spotted skunks in central Appalachia. Ph.D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg. 210 p.	May 2020
Sweeten, S.E. 2015. The Effects of Microhabitat and Land Use on Stream Salamander Occupancy and Abundance in the Southwest Virginia Coalfields. PhD Dissertation, VPI & SU, Blacksburg. 231 p.	May 2015
Sleezer, L.J. 2020. Abundance trends and drivers of freshwater fish community change in the New River basin. Master’s Thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.	May 2020
Silvis, A. 2014. Social Day-roosting Ecology of the Northern Long-eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis) and the Endangered Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis). PhD Dissertation. VPI&SU, Blacksburg. 163 p.	March 2014
Roberts, J.H. III. 2012. Using genetic tools to understand the population ecology of stream fishes. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.	April 2012
Odom R.H. 2018. Simulated effects of climate change on soil moisture deficits, species distributions and biomass in a northern hardwood forest.Ph.D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA. p 189.	October 2018
Nocera, T (2018) Assessing the long-term lmpacts of White-nose Syndrome on bat communities using acoustic surveys at Fort Drum Military Installation. MS Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg. p 133	May 2018
Muthersbaugh, M.S. 2018. Seasonal activity Patterns of Bats in the Central Appalachians. MS Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg. p 167	March 2018
Mouser, J.B. 2024. Using an interdisciplinary approach to improve efficacy of agricultural conservation practices for protecting stream health. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.	July 2024
Mogollón, B. 2014. Relations between landscape structure and a catchment’s capacity to regulate river flooding. Master’s Thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.	November 2014
McBaine, K.E. 2021. Detectability, movement, and population genetic structure of the endangered Candy Darter in Virginia. Master’s Thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.	May 2021
Mattson, K.M. 2015. Modeling ecological risks at a landscape scale: threat assessment in the upper Tennessee River basin. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.	November 2015
Lawson, G.R. 2024. Gopher tortoise nest-site selection at burrows and the influence of nest environment on hatching success. M.S. Thesis, Virginia Tech.	August 2024
Lapointe, N.W.R. 2010. Fish invasions in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.	May 2010
Krueger, K.L. 2009. Effects of sampling sufficiency and model selection on predicting the occurrence of stream fish species at large spatial extents. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.	July 2009
Kniowski, A. B. 2016. Landscape Influences on Spatial Patterns of White-tailed Deer Herbivory and Condition Indices in the Central Appalachian Mountains. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.	November 2016
Hitt, N.P. 2007. Effects of stream network topology on fish assemblage structure and bioassessment sensitivity in the mid-Atlantic highlands, USA. Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.	July 2007
Echols, K.N. 2000. Some aspects of reproduction and survival in a hunted black bear population in virginia. MS Thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 101pp.	August 2000
Dunn, C.G. 2017. Habitat and imperilment of the Candy Darter Etheostoma osburni in the New River drainage, USA. Master’s Thesis, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.	November 2017
Dunn, C. G. (2018). Habitat and Imperilment of the Candy Darter Etheostoma osburni in the New River Drainage, USA (Master's thesis, Virginia Tech).	February 2018
Diggins, C.A. 2016. Determining Habitat Associations of Virginia and Carolina Northern Flying Squirrels in the Appalachian Mountains from Bioacoustic and Telemetry Surveys. PhD Dissertation, VPI&SU, Blacksburg.	June 2016
Deeley, S.M. 2019. Ecology of mid-Atlantic bats after white-nose syndrome: communities, reproduction, and diet within an urban-to-rural gradient. Ph.D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg. 205 p.	December 2020
Barr, E.L. 2019. Acoustic sampling considerations for bats in the post-white-nose syndrome landscape. M.S. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg. 80 p.	December 2020
Austin, L.V. 2017. Impacts of Fire on Bats in the Central Appalachians. MS Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University	May 2017
Allred, C.R. 2023. Using Remote Sensing Data to Predict Habitat Occupancy of Pine Savanna Bird Species. M.S. Thesis, Virginia Tech.	August 2023

Technical Publications

Technical Publications	Publication Date
Zimmerman, L. L., and R. J. Neves. 2000. Tank culture of juvenile freshwater mussels. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Asheville, NC, U.S.A.	January 2000
Wills, J. and M.R. Vaughan. 2002. Method to monitor travel corridor use by black bears along the eastern boundary of the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation: 529-532.	April 2002
Wills, J, and M.R. Vaughan. 2002. Method to monitor travel corridor use by black bears along the eastern boundary of the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation. Pp. 529-532.	May 2002
Wheeler, A.P., A.E.K. Rosenberger, and P.L. Angermeier. 2002. Potential impacts of I-73 on stream habitat and biota, with emphasis on the endangered Roanoke logperch. Final Report to Virginians for Appropriate Roads, Floyd, VA.	April 2002
Vaughan, M.R., S. Klenzendorf, A. Bridges, D. Lee, D. O'Neill, and C. Olfenbuttel. 2000. Sixth Annual Report of the Cooperative Alleghany Bear Study. Report to the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. 28pp.	October 2000
Vaughan, M.R. 2006. Population and habitat ecology of Virginia's exploited black bear population. Final Report to VDGIF. 105 pp.	March 2006
Vaughan, M. R., S. Klenzendorf, R. Gray, and D. O'Neill. 2000. The Cooperative Allegheny Bear Study, Fifth Annual Report to the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Richmond, VA. 39 pp.	January 2000
Rosenberger, A.E., and P.L. Angermeier. 2002. Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) population structure and habitat use. Final Report to VDGIF, Blacksburg, VA 100 pp.	June 2002
Roberts, J.H., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2009. Analysis of population genetics of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) based on microsatellite markers. Final report to United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Gloucester, VA. 35 pp.	August 2009
Roberts, J.H., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2007. Development of microsatellite markers for study of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) population genetic structure and viability. Final report to Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Richmond, VA. 20 pp.	March 2007
Roberts, J.H.( and P.L. Angermeier). 2012. Assessment of the distribution and abundance of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) in the Dan River basin of Virginia. Final report to Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Richmond, VA. 19 pp.	June 2012
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2012. Monitoring of endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) in Smith River upstream of Philpott Reservoir, on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers property. Final report submitted to United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA. 21 pp.	July 2012
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2011. Survey of fishes at the Pittsylvania County Route 853 bridge over Sugartree Creek, Virginia. Project report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 4 pp.	June 2011
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2011. Survey of fishes at the Pittsylvania County Route 676 bridge over Whitehorn Creek, Virginia. Project report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 4 pp.	June 2011
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2011. Survey of fishes at the Pittsylvania County Route 622 bridge over Cascade Creek, Virginia. Project report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 4 pp.	June 2011
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Survey of fishes at the Scott County U.S. Route 58 bridge over North Fork Holston River and Hilton Creek, Virginia. Project report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 6 pp.	June 2010
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Survey of fishes at the Bedford County Route 727 bridge over Crab Orchared Creek, Virginia. Project report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 5 pp.	January 2010
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2010. Survey of fishes and habitat at the Montgomery County Route 773 bridge over Roanoke River, Virginia. Project report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 5 pp.	January 2010
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2008. Habitat and fish surveys for Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) and orangefin madtom (Noturus gilberti) in North Fork Little Chestnut Creek, Franklin County, Virginia. Final report to Joyce Engineering, Inc., Greensboro, NC. 6 pp.	August 2008
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2007. Surveys of habitat suitable for endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) in streams crossed by proposed Transco gas pipeline extensions in Pittsylvania and Campbell counties, Virginia. Final report to ENSR, Houston, TX. 8 pp.	May 2007
Roberts, J.H. and P.L. Angermeier. 2006. Assessing impacts of the Roanoke River Flood Reduction Project on the endangered Roanoke logperch. Final report to United States Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington, NC. 44 pp.	March 2006
Roberts, J.H and P.L. Angermeier. November 2004. Monitoring for effects of KIK effluent on Roanoke logperch in Roanoke River. Final Report to U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Gloucester, VA. 11 pp.	November 2004
Roberts, J., P. Angermeier, and E. Hallerman. 2010. Survey of mitochondrial DNA variation in endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex). Final report to Virginia Dept of Game & Inland Fisheries. Submitted for USGS review.	October 2010
Rash, J.M. and R.J. Neves. 2005. Monitoring and restoration program for mussels in the Nottoway River, following the asphalt spill in July 2002. Final Report to B.P. Short and Son, Petersburg, VA. 19 pp.	July 2005
Rash, J.M. and R.J. Neves. 2004. A survey for freshwater mussel fauna within tributaries of the South Fork Rivanna Reservoir. Final Report to Gannett Fleming, Inc., Fairfax, VA. 26 pp.	October 2004
Rash, J.M. and R.J. Neves. 2004. A survey for freshwater mussel fauna within tributaries of the Ragged Mountain Reservoir. Final Report to Gannett Fleming, Inc., Fairfax, VA. 16 pp.	October 2004
Rash, J.M. and R.J. Neves. 2004. A survey for freshwater mussel fauna within tributaries of Graham Creek Reservoir. Final Report to Hurt and Proffitt, Inc., Lynchburg, VA. 6 pp.	October 2004
Petty, M.A. and R.J. Neves. 2007. Survey of the freshwater mussel fauna at the Route 58 bridge crossing of the Middle Fork Holston River, Washington County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 8 pp.	October 2007
Petty, M.A. and R.J. Neves. 2007. Relocation of the freshwater mussel fauna at the Route 770 ford crossing of Craig Creek, Botetourt County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 7 pp.	October 2007
Petty, M.A. and R.J. Neves. 2007. Relocation of the freshwater mussel fauna at the Route 652 bridge crossing of the Clinch River, Russell County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 9 pp.	October 2007
Petty, M.A. and R.J. Neves. 2007. Relocation of freshwater mussels at the Route 817 ford crossing of Craig Creek, Botetourt County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 10 pp.	October 2007
Petty, M.A. and R.J. Neves. 2007. Relocation of freshwater mussels at the Route 705 ford crossing of Craig Creek, Botetourt County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 9 pp.	October 2007
Petty, M.A. and R.J. Neves. 2007. Relocation of freshwater mussels at the Route 613 crossing of Big Moccasin Creek, Scott County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 8 pp.	October 2007
Petty, M. and R.J. Neves. 2005. Survey of the Dan and Mayo River drainages in Virginia and North Carolina for a newly discovered spinymussel. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gloucester, VA. 38 pp	February 2005
Petty, M. and R.J. Neves. 2005. Species occurrence and habitat suitability survey for the endangered James spinymussel. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gloucester, VA. 114 pp.	February 2005
Petty, M. and R.J. Neves. 2005. A survey for the newly discovered Dan spinymussel in the Dan, Mayo, and South Rives, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA. 41 pp.	January 2005
Petty, M. and R. J. Neves. 2007. Population augmentation, expansion, and reintroduction of extripated species of endangered mussels in the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Cumberland River system, Kentucky and Tennessee. Final Report to U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Asheville, N.C. 45 pp.	July 2007
Petty, M. and R. J. Neves. 2007. Augmentation and expansion of endangered mussel populations in the Upper Tennessee and Cumberland River systems, Tennessee. Final Report to U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Asheville, N.C. 171 pp.	May 2007
Petty, M. and R. J. Neves. 2007. Augmentation and expansion of endangered freshwater mussel populations in the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area. Final Report to National Park Service, Oneida, TN. 45 pp.	July 2007
Petty, M. E. and R. J. Neves. 2007. Survey for the endangered James spinymussel in priority streams of the Dan River system, Pittsylvania, Halifax, and Patrick counties, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 21 pp.	January 2007
Petty, M. A. and R. J. Neves. 2007. Relocation of the freshwater mussel fauna at the Route 706 ford of Craig Creek, Botetourt County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 8 pp.	May 2007
Ostby, B.K. and R.J. Neves. 2005. An evaluation of substratum and flow preferences to rare freshwater mussels in the upper Tennessee River drainage. Final Report to Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN. 202 pp.	June 2005
Ostby, B.J.K., P.L. Angermeier, and R.J. Neves. 2010. Freshwater mussel survey in the upper North Fork Holston River, Virginia. Project report to United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Abingdon, VA. 57 pp.	June 2010
Ostby, B.J.K. and R.J. Neves. 2008. Survey of freshwater mussels at the proposed 208 bypass bridge crossing of the Po River, Spotsylvania County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA . 17 pp.	September 2008
Ostby, B.J.K. and R.J. Neves. 2008. Survey of freshwater mussels at the Route 817 ford crossing (Hannah’s Ford) of Craig Creek, Botetourt County, Virginia. Final Report to the Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 8 pp.	September 2008
Ostby, B.J.K. and R.J. Neves. 2008. Survey of freshwater mussels at the Route 743 bridge crossing of the North Fork Rivanna River, Albarmarle County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 11 pp.	September 2008
Ostby, B.J.K. and R.J. Neves. 2008. Survey of freshwater mollusks at the Route 282 crossing of Bluestone River, Tazewell County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond VA. 14 pp.	September 2008
Ostby, B.J.K. and R.J. Neves. 2008. Survey and relocation of freshwater mussels at the Route 770 ford crossing (Carter’s Ford), of Craig Creek, Botetourt County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 12 pp.	September 2008
Ostby, B.J.K. and R.J. Neves. 2008. Survey and relocation of freshwater mussels at the Route 206 ford crossing (Anderson’s Ford) of Craig Creek, Botetourt County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 13 pp.	September 2008
Ostby, B.J.K. and R.J. Neves. 2008. Survey and relocation of freshwater mussels at the Route 205 ford crossing (Reid’s Ford) of Craig Creek, Botetourt County, Virginia. Final Report to the Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 8 pp.	September 2008
Ostby, B.J.K. and P.L. Angermeier. 2012. Survey of the freshwater mollusk assemblages in the Little River, Virginia. Project report to Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Richmond, VA. 88 pp.	June 2012
Ostby, B.J.K. and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. Reconnaissance surveys for native mussel habitat, James Spinymussel (Pleurobema collina), and other protected mussels in the upper James River, Botetourt County, Virginia. Project report to United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Gloucester, VA. 51 pp.	January 2009
Ostby, B. and R. J. Neves. 2006. Relocation of freshwater mussels from gas pipeline crossing of 6 streams in southwest Virginia. Final Report to TRC Solutions, Lowell, MA. 57 pp.	June 2006
Ostby, B. J. K. and R. J. Neves. 2010. Habitat Assessment at the Route 58 Bridge Crossing of the Middle Fork Holston River in Washington County. Project Number:0058-095-108, B607, B608, C504. Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 10 pp.	December 2010
Noe, G., P.L. Angermeier, L.B. Barber, J. Buckwalter, M.J. Cashman, O. Devereux, T.R. Doody, S. Entrekin, R.M. Fanelli, N. Hitt, M.E. Huber, J.R. Jasmann, K.O. Maloney, T.G. Mohs, S. Sabat- Bonilla, K. Smalling, T. Wagner, J.C. Wolf, and K.E. Hyer. 2024. Connecting conservation practices to local stream health in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2024–3030, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20243030.	June 2024
Neves, R. J. 2006. Developing water quality standards for the recovery of imperiled freshwater mussels. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gloucester, VA and Raleigh, NC. 88 pp.	June 2006
McLaughlin, C.R. and M.R. Vaughan. 2002. Research needs and priorities for black bears in the eastern United States. Eastern Black Bear Workshop, 15:116-134.	August 2002
Mattson, K.M, B. Ostby, P.L. Angermeier, and R.J. Neves. 2009. Cost-effective mussel restoration and conservation in TVA streams and tailwaters (contract supplement). Project report to Tennesse Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN. 153 pp.	January 2009
Mair, R., H. Dan, and R. J. Neves. 2007. Water quality analyses of Indian Creek. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gloucester, VA. 5 pp.	January 2007
M. E. Petty and R. J. Neves. 2006. An intensive survey for the endangered James spinymussel in the Potts Creek watershed, Craig and Alleghany counties, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 25 pp.	December 2006
Liberty, A. and R.J. Neves. 2004. An evaluation of environmental suitability for survival and growth of juvenile and adult mussels at Buller Hatchery. Final Report to Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Richmond, VA. 150 pp.	February 2005
Lapointe, N.W.R. and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. Movement, habitat use, nesting, and feeding of northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac River catchment. Project report to United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA. 7 pp.	June 2009
Lapointe, N.W.R. and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. Movement, habitat use, nesting, and feeding of northern snakehead (Channa argus) in the Potomac River catchment. Project report to United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA. 7 pp.	January 2009
Lahey, A. M. and P.L. Angermeier. 2006. Survey for Roanoke logperch in the Roanoke and Meherrin river drainages, Virginia. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gloucester, VA. 21 pp.	February 2006
Lahey, A. M. and P. L. Angermeier. 2006. Range-wide assessment of habitat suitability for Roanoke logperch (Percina rex). Final report to Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA. 54 pp.	July 2007
Lahey, A. M. and P. L. Angermeier. 2006. Habitat suitability for Roanoke logperch near Phipott Reservoir. Final Report to United States Army Corp of Engineers, Bassett, VA 19 pp.	March 2006
Krause, J.F. and W.M. Ford. 2010. Guidelines for assessing the condition of lands and waters managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. ERDC EMRRP Technical Note. 6 p	April 2011
Jones, J.W., A.J. Liberty, R. Mair, and R.J. Neves. 2005. Life history and artificial culture of endangered mussels. Final Report to Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, TN. 214 pp.	January 2005
Jones, J.W. and R.J. Neves. 2004. Survey of freshwater mussel populations in Indian Creek, Tazewell County, Virginia. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abingdon, VA. 33 pp.	March 2005
Jones, J. and R.J. Neves. 2001. Release of endangered juvenile mussels in Tennessee and Virginia. Ellipsaria 3(1):18.	February 2001
Jones, J. W., M. A. Patterson, C. R. Good, A. DiVittorio, and R. J. Neves. 2000. A survey to evaluate the status of freshwater mussel populations in the upper Clinch River, Virginia. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abingdon, VA, U.S.A.	January 2000
Hua, D. and R.J. Neves. 2005. Cooperative research on the pink (purple) heelsplitter mussel (Potamilus alatus). Final Report to Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Wuxi, China. 97 pp.	February 2005
Henley, W.F., J.W. Jones, J.L. Boyles, J.M. McLeod, and R.J. Neves. 2002. An evaluation of the suitability of the Cedar Bluff spill site for recovery of freshwater mussels, Clinch River, Tazewell County, Virginia. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gloucester, VA. 22 pp.	July 2002
Henley, W.F. and R.J. Neves. 2005. Technology development for mussel propagation and release of juvenile mussels to historic habitats in the upper Tennessee River system. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Asheville, NC. 126 pp.	January 2005
Henley, W. F., R. J. Neves, L. L. Zimmerman, and R. Winterringer. 1999. A survey of freshwater mussels in the Middle Fork Holston River, Virginia. Banisteria 14:15-24.	January 2000
Henley, W. F., M. A. Patterson, R. J. Neves, and A. D. Lemley. 2000. Effects of sedimentation and turbidity on lotic food webs: a concise review for natural resource managers. Reviews in Fisheries Science 8(2):125-139.	January 2000
Henley, W. F. and R. J. Neves. 2006. Host species identification for the spectaclecase (Cumberlandia monodonta). Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bloomington, MN. 10 pp.	June 2006
Helfrich, L.A., R.J. Neves, and J. Parkhurst. 2001. Liming acidified lakes and ponds. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 420-254. 6pp.	August 2001
Helfrich, L.A., R.J. Neves, and J. Parkhurst. 2001. Commercial frog farming. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication No. 420-255. 4 pp.	August 2001
Helfrich, L.A., J. Parkhurst, and R.J. Neves. 2001. The control of burrowing crayfish in ponds. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 420-253. 3 pp.	February 2001
Helfrich, L.A., J. Parkhurst, and R. Neves. 2005. Managing spring wetlands for fish and wildlife habitat. Virginia Tech Extension Bulletin. 11 pp.	June 2005
Helfrich, L.A., J. Parkhurst and R. Neves. 2005. Lake property owners guide to understanding and managing lakes: Part I (Physical measurements). Virginia Tech Extension Bulletin. 12 pp.	June 2005
Helfrich, L.A. and R.J. Neves. 2001. Stream riparian restoration video. Half-hour video to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Asheville, NC.	January 2001
Helfrich, L. A., J. Parkhurst, and R. J. Neves. 2005. Guide to understanding and managing lakes: Part I (Physical measurements). Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication No. 420-538. 8 pp.	April 2006
Helfrich, L. A. and R. J. Neves. 2006. Fee fishing ponds and streams in Virginia. Extension Publication No. 420-720. 4 pp.	August 2006
Helfrich, L. A. and R. J. Neves. 2006. America's freshwater insects: an aquatic, educational poster project. Final Report Product (Poster) to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and World Wildlife Fund.	August 2006
Hallerman, E., M. Culver, and M. Vaughan. 2000. Genetic characterization of black bears at White River National Wildlife Refuge. Final Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Jackson, MS. 43pp.	June 2000
Gilbert, E. R., E. A. Wong, M. R. Vaughan, and K.E. Webb, Jr. 2006. Distribution and abundance of nutrient transport mDNA in the intestinal tract of the black bear. Submitted to Dr. Mike Tome for DOI policy review.	April 2006
Gatenby, C.M. and R.J. Neves. 2001. Optimal feeding conditions for maintaining captive unionids. Final Report to U.S. Fish and WildlifeService, Cookeville, TN. 16 pp.	November 2001
Gatenby, C. M., and R. J. Neves. 2000. Ingestion and assimilation of algae by freshwater mussels. Final Report to Biological Resources Division of U.S.G.S., Denver, CO, U.S.A.	January 2000
Frimpong, E.A. and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. Linking traits of at-risk fish species with types of human impact: a test of concept. Project report to United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA. 24 pp.	June 2009
Frimpong, E.A. and P.L. Angermeier. 2009. Linking traits of at-risk fish species with types of human impact: a test of concept. Project report to United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA. 24 pp.	January 2009
Ensign, W.E. and R.J. Neves. 2000. Re-survey of the James spinymussel (Pleurobema collina) population in the South Fork Potts Creek, Monroe County, Weest Virginia. Final Report, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Elkins, WV. 18 pp.	October 2000
Ensign, W. E., and R. J. Neves. 2000. Re-survey of the James spinymussel population in the South Fork Potts Creek, Monroe County, West Virginia. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Elkins, WV, U.S.A.	January 2000
Ensign, W. E., P. L. Angermeier, B. W. Albanese, and G. H. Galbreath. June 2000. Pre-construction monitoring of the endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) for the Roanoke River Flood Reduction Project: Phase 3. Final Report to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington, NC.	January 2000
Deeley, S.M., and W.M. Ford. 2022. Summary Assessment of USFWS Capture Data for Little Brown, Northern Long-eared, and Tricolored Bat Species Status Assessment. Chapter A in Straw, B.R, J. A. Martin, J.D Reichard, and B.E Reichert, editors. Analytical Assessments in Support of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 3-Bat Species Status Assessment. Cooperator Report prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service and Bat Conservation International. https://doi.org/10.7944/P9B4RWEU	January 2022
Cyterski, M. J., J. J. Ney, and R. J. Neves. 2000. Determination of the trophic support capacity of reservoirs for piscivorous fishes. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC, U.S.A.	January 2000
Cherry, D.S. T. W. Valenti, R.J. Currie, R.J. Neves, J.W. Jones, R.A. Mair, and C.M. Kane. 2005. Chlorine toxicity to early life stages of freshwater mussels. Final Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gloucester, VA. 66 pp.	June 2005
Carey, C. S., B. J. K. Ostby, and R. J. Neves. 2010. A Qualitative Survey for Mussels in Lower Indian Creek: Follow-up Monitoring of the Route 460 Bridge Replacement Project, 2010 Annual Report. Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 13 pp.	December 2010
Carey, C. S. Carey, B. J. K. Ostby, R. J. Neves. 2011. A Qualitative Survey for Mussels in Lower Indian Creek: Follow-up Monitoring of the Route 460 Bridge Replacement Project (2006-2010). Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 25 pp.	February 2011
Bridges, A., C. Olfenbuttel, D. Lee, and M. Vaughan. 2002. The Virginia Cooperative Alleghany Black Bear Study: population and habitat ecology of Virginia's exploited black bear population. Eighth Annual Report. 17pp.	November 2002
Bowler, S. and 15 coauthors. 2006. Development of building blocks to prescribe ecological flows for the Rivana River watershed. Final Report to The Nature Conservancy, Charlottesville, VA. 130 pp.	February 2006
Ben-David, M., S.I. Struthers, H.D. Moll, and M.R. Vaughan. 2002. Testing performance of the birth archive-tag on black bears: an increase or decrease. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biotelemetry 15:442-449	February 2002
Beier, P., M.R. Vaughan, M.J. Conroy, and H. Quigley. 2003. Ananalysis of scientific literature releated to the Florida Panther. Final Report to Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahassee, FL, USA. 202 pp.	November 2003
Beck, K.M., and R.J. Neves. 2001. Propagation studies of the endangered dwarf wedgemussel. Final Report to the North Carolina Department of Transportation, Raleigh, NC. 63 pp.	June 2001
Argentina, J.E., P.L. Angermeier, and E.M. Hallerman. 2013. Population ecology of variegate darter (Etheostoma variatum) in Virginia. Final report to Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Richmond, VA. Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources & Environment Reports Series, Number 2. 62 pp.	October 2013
Angermeier, P.L., S.N. Luoma, and P.B. Moyle. 2001. Summary of CALFED's Workshop on Splittail. Final Report to CALFED, Sacramento, CA. 8pp.	June 2001
Angermeier, P.L., K.L. Krueger, K.M. Mattson, and S.D. Klopfer. 2009. Development of an aquatic gap analysis for the upper Tennessee River basin. Project report to United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA. 82 pp.	July 2009
Angermeier, P.L. and A.E. Rosenberger. 2000. A survey of the fish fauna at three sites on the Nottaway River in Fort Pickett, Virginia. Final Report to Conservation Management Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia. 7pp.	November 2000
Angermeier, P.L. 2005. Survey of the fish fauna and habitat near seven fords across Elliott Creek, Montgomery County, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA. 4 pp.	August 2005
Angermeier, P.L. 2001. Survey of the fish fauna at the Mecklenburg County Route 686 bridge over an unnamed tributary of Butcher Creek, Virginia. Final Report to VDOT, Richmond, VA. 4 pp.	December 2001
Angermeier, P.L. 2001. Survey of the fish fauna at the Mecklenburg County Route 600 bridge over Allen Creek, Virginia. Final Report to VDOT, Richmond, VA. 4 pp.	December 2001
Angermeier, P., D. Murphy, R. Spies, and D. Patten. 2005. ERPSB review of CALFED performance measures. Final Report to CALFED. Sacramento, CA. 14 pp.	December 2005
Angermeier, P. L. 1999. Surveys of the fish fauna at the Bedford County Route 24 bridges over West Fork Beaverdam Creek, Beaverdam Creek, and East Fork Beaverdam Creek. Virginia. Final report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA.	January 2000
Angermeier, P. L. 1999. Book reviews. Freshwater Biology 42:759-760. Review of Patterns in Freshwater Fish Ecology by W. J. Matthews (1998).	January 2000
Angermeier, P. L. 1999. A survey of the fish fauna at the U.S. Route 220 bridge (in Rocky Mount), Pigg River, Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, VA.	January 2000
Adams, M.B., P.J. Edwards, W.M. Ford, T.M. Schuler, M. Thomas-Van Gundy and F. Wood. 2012. Fernow Experimental Forest: Research History and Opportunities. USDA Forest Service EFR-2. 26 p.	June 2012

Data or Software Releases

Type	Citation	Publication Date
Data Release	True, M. C., Ford, W. M., Gorman, K. M., Taylor, H., and Reynolds, R. J., 2023, Mid-Atlantic Coast, Lasiurus borealis Movement and Migration: U. S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P906BQ00.	October 2024
Data Release	True, M. C., Ford, W. M., Gorman, K. M., Taylor, H., and Reynolds, R. J., 2023, Mid-Atlantic Coast, Lasiurus borealis Movement and Migration: U. S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P906BQ00.	January 2023
Data Release	Moran, M.L., and Ford, W.M., 2022, Sample locations 2022 SARS-CoV-2 testing in little brown bats: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9T541ML.	March 2023
Data Release	Hunter, E.A., and Allred, C.R. 2024. Avian occupancy and habitat data in Georgia pine savannas in 2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13965WX.	July 2023
Data Release	Ford, W.M., Barr, E., Kalen, N., and De La Cruz, J. 2023. Point Location of Myotis septentrionalis Echolocation Passes in Eastern North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9I75NRS.	March 2023
Data Release	Ford, W.M., Barr, E., Kalen, N., and De La Cruz, J. 2023. Point Location of Myotis septentrionalis Echolocation Passes in Eastern North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9I75NRS.	January 2023
Data Release	Ford, W.M., Barr, E., Kalen, N., and De La Cruz, J. 2023. Point Location of Myotis septentrionalis Echolocation Passes in Eastern North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9I75NRS.

Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: Virginia Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources

Virginia Research Activities

Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: Virginia
Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources