Washington Research: Projects, Research Publications, Presentations, Thesis and Dissertations, Technical Publications

Washington Research Activities

Mount Rainier towers over the Southern Cascades, Washington

Unit scientists at the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit are engaged in a wide variety of research projects in Washington, the U.S., and internationally. We have specific interests and expertise in the development of methods for analysis of ecological data, the use of ecological information in decision-making processes, the human dimensions of wildlife management, and environmental justice. You can learn more at our individual websites.

Projects

Project	Completion Date
Effects of sampling designs for remotely operated vehicles on fish abundance estimates	December 2025	The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) uses a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to monitor fish species that occur in complex benthic habitats with a goal of generating density estimates for groundfishes that are primarily of historical and current recreational and commercial fisheries importance. The variety of life histories, abundances, and habitat preferences of the suite of groundfish species in the survey area presents trade-offs when attempting to design efficient standardized multi-species surveys. Despite WDFW’s mandate to manage numerous groundfish species, targeting Bocaccio and Yelloweye Rockfish has been a primary driver of the ROV survey efforts. The project is a collaboration of researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the University of Washington. We are identifying how different ROV field methods capture target species with heterogeneous spatial distributions and how potential differences among methods influence density estimates. This study will directly inform standardization of ROV field survey operations relative to target species abundances and distributions for resource management agencies.	None
Investigating the influence of Artificial Light at Night on juvenile sockeye salmon behavior and predation risk in an urban lake	December 2026	Salmon and their predators are primarily visual feeders, but artificial light at night disrupts natural light cycles by extending low-light conditions, increasing nocturnal light levels, and obscuring seasonal light fluctuations. As artificial light at night increases in urban watersheds, even a small shift in night time light could create large changes in fish distribution, behavior, and foraging vulnerability for at-risk sockeye salmon. Our findings will help fishery managers quantify the current predation pressure on juvenile salmon populations and identify areas for light mitigation. This data will provide crucial insights into the impact of artificial light on salmon behavior and distribution through daily, lunar, and seasonal cycles.	None
A comprehensive movement model for returning Steelhead in the Columbia River Basin	March 2025	The Columbia River Basin is a complex social-ecological system that has been significantly modified through the construction of hundreds of dams, with major impacts to wild salmonids. The transformation of a free-flowing river into a highly controlled series of reservoirs requires that intentional decisions be made about how to manage the flow of the river when it comes to balancing the needs of food, energy, and fish. This problem is further complicated by the many different species of fish, their different life stages, and different timings of migration. We are using 20 years of data to jointly model the impacts of climate and hydropower on returning Steelhead from their arrival at Bonneville Dam to their final detection in the basin. This approach allows us to understand the relative importance of different factors in determining the fates of returning adults, which is key to informing management actions that are effective for population recovery, cost-effective, and responsive to a changing climate.	None
Examining spatiotemporal patterns of marine debris in Puget Sound, Washington	June 2025	Marine debris is a persistent pollution issue in coastal communities around the world. Man-made litter and material that is lost or discarded in the ocean can accumulate and endanger marine life (eg, lost fishing gear that "ghost" fishes). Since 1987, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) has conducted annual trawl surveys to assess bottomfish populations in Puget Sound. In addition to documenting the organisms that inhabit the seafloor, these surveys also identify and record debris caught in each trawl, including aluminum, plastic, glass, and derelict fishing gear. Among other details, the WDFW’s extensive records include the region, depth, type, and abundance of debris to give the best picture of what man-made materials are found on the seafloor of Puget Sound. Despite continued collection, this dataset has not yet been formally analyzed. This project aims to investigate the distribution and abundance of marine debris throughout various regions of the Sound over time. Analysis of this dataset will aid in the understanding and awareness of marine debris in Puget Sound, which is vital to informing effective clean up and prevention efforts to make community waters cleaner and safer for both humans and marine life.	None
Integrating community science data with long-term aerial surveys to understand seasonal and long-term shifts in marine bird use of Puget Sound	January 2026	Nearly two decades after the formation of the Puget Sound Partnership brought an increase in funding and management attention to Puget Sound recovery, an indicator of ecosystem health for Puget Sound, the abundance of marine birds, remains imperiled. There is an urgent need to assess the impacts of changing environmental conditions on marine bird populations in Puget Sound, as many species are already declining or vulnerable. Through funding from Washington Sea Grant, the WACFWRU is partnering with the Puget Sound Bird Observatory and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife to carry out an integrated assessment of wintering marine birds in Puget Sound. We will integrate Washington Department of Fish and Wlidlife data with a long-term community science dataset to better understand marine bird abundance, growth, and distributions throughout the winter, to inform conservation of these species and their habitats.	None
Washington pygmy rabbit conservation planning process	March 2025	The Columbia Basin population of pygmy rabbits (<i>Brachylagus idahoensis</i>) is both federally and Washington-state endangered. Small population size, disease, fire, and habitat fragmentation are major threats to the population. We propose engaging managers, stakeholders, and experts in a structured decision making (SDM) process to identify a comprehensive recovery strategy for pygmy rabbits that involves clear management objectives, identification of a suite of recovery alternatives, and a modeling framework in which these alternatives can be evaluated. This work is being carried out in collaboration with Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The product of this process will be an actionable recovery strategy for Columbia Basin pygmy rabbits, along with identified next steps, including key information needs.	None
Modeling and conserving Streaked Horned Larks in Washington	December 2023	Streaked Horned Larks are a federally threatened and Washington state-endangered subspecies found only in Washington and Oregon. In Washington, the species relies on heavily fragmented grassland habitat in the South Puget Sound region. A better understanding of the dynamics of species that exist in highly fragmented habitats is a challenge in population ecology. For Streaked Horned Larks, this understanding could also help to inform reintroductions of the species. We are working with Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Ecostudies Institute, and other partners to develop an integrated population model for this species, which will allow for movement between habitat islands in the South Puget Sound region. We will then couple model output with expert judgments to evaluate a suite of proposed strategies for Streaked Horned Lark reintroductions. Reintroduction has the potential to be a valuable management strategy for Streaked Horned Larks, and information that will allow decision makers to choose amongst proposed reintroduction strategies can accelerate recovery of this species.	Streaked Horned Larks are a federally threatened and Washington state-endangered subspecies found only in Washington and Oregon. In Washington, the species relies on heavily fragmented grassland habitat in the South Puget Sound region. A better understanding of the dynamics of species that exist in highly fragmented habitats is a challenge in population ecology. For Streaked Horned Larks, this understanding could also help to inform reintroductions of the species. We are working with Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Ecostudies Institute, and other partners to develop an integrated population model for this species, which will allow for movement between habitat islands in the South Puget Sound region. We will then couple model output with expert judgments to evaluate a suite of proposed strategies for Streaked Horned Lark reintroductions. Reintroduction has the potential to be a valuable management strategy for Streaked Horned Larks, and information that will allow decision makers to choose amongst proposed reintroduction strategies can accelerate recovery of this species.
Conservation of Northwestern pond turtles in Washington	September 2029	Northwestern pond turtles are a state-endangered species in Washington and the US Fish and Wildlife Service recently proposed the species for federal listing. In Washington, the species' decline has been sharp, but there is a great deal of uncertainty regarding the relative importance of the factors that are putatively driving this decline. Having a better understanding of the threats and an approach for rigorously evaluating management actions will help to inform conservation of the species. We are working with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife to undertake a Structured Decision Making process. Through this process, we will develop a framework to inform conservation of the species in Washington and to identify the most important uncertainties that are restricting management. These uncertainties will be the focus of a graduate research project. The framework we develop, and the new research that will be designed to fill knowledge gaps in that framework, will help state and federal agencies to plan conservation for this species.	Northwestern pond turtles are a state-endangered species in Washington and the US Fish and Wildlife Service recently proposed the species for federal listing. In Washington, the species' decline has been sharp, but there is a great deal of uncertainty regarding the relative importance of the factors that are putatively driving this decline. Having a better understanding of the threats and an approach for rigorously evaluating management actions will help to inform conservation of the species. We are working with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife to undertake a Structured Decision Making process. Through this process, we will develop a framework to inform conservation of the species in Washington and to identify the most important uncertainties that are restricting management. These uncertainties will be the focus of a graduate research project. The framework we develop, and the new research that will be designed to fill knowledge gaps in that framework, will help state and federal agencies to plan conservation for this species.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of restoration spending in the Columbia River Basin	August 2023	The decline in salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia River Basin has been well documented, as have the decades-long, $9 billion restoration spending efforts by federal and state agencies. These efforts are mainly tied to Endangered Species Act (ESA) mandates for recovery of wild, naturally-spawning threatened or endangered fish species. The impact of these efforts remains poorly understood; many observers, including the federal courts, have long been concerned by the lack of evidence of recovery. Most studies evaluating restoration efforts have examined individual projects for specific species, reaches, or life stages, which limits the ability to make broad inferences at the basin level. This project involves researchers from Oregon State University. We are using historical information on fish abundance and associated restoration spending to evaluate the effectiveness of restoration activities in restoring ESA-listed salmon and steelhead. This information will be useful to regional management agencies in determining how best to spend limited recovery resources.	The decline in salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia River Basin has been well documented, as have the decades-long, $9 billion restoration spending efforts by federal and state agencies. These efforts are mainly tied to Endangered Species Act (ESA) mandates for recovery of wild, naturally-spawning threatened or endangered fish species. The impact of these efforts remains poorly understood; many observers, including the federal courts, have long been concerned by the lack of evidence of recovery. Most studies evaluating restoration efforts have examined individual projects for specific species, reaches, or life stages, which limits the ability to make broad inferences at the basin level. This project involves researchers from Oregon State University. We are using historical information on fish abundance and associated restoration spending to evaluate the effectiveness of restoration activities in restoring ESA-listed salmon and steelhead. This information will be useful to regional management agencies in determining how best to spend limited recovery resources.
Maximizing returns on investing in barrier culvert removal in Washington State	January 2024	Across Western Washington, thousands of poorly-designed culverts at road crossings prevent migratory salmon from accessing potential habitat, hampering recovery efforts for declining populations. In 2013, a federal court found that barrier culverts in Washington violate tribal treaty rights and issued an injunction requiring their replacement. While the injunction only applies to state-owned culverts, thousands of additional barrier culverts are owned by local governments and private landowners, often within the same watersheds, generate inter-dependencies between barrier correction activities. The project is a collaboration of researchers from the University of Washington and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Our project will develop a consistent, data-driven framework for prioritizing fish passage barriers over multiple objectives, drawing from a rich literature on fish passage restoration plans that maximize return on investment. The decision support tool we develop will serve a coordinating function between barrier owners and managers by allowing the consistent comparison of alternative barrier correction, complementing ongoing efforts to restore fish passage in the state of Washington.	Across Western Washington, thousands of poorly-designed culverts at road crossings prevent migratory salmon from accessing potential habitat, hampering recovery efforts for declining populations. In 2013, a federal court found that barrier culverts in Washington violate tribal treaty rights and issued an injunction requiring their replacement. While the injunction only applies to state-owned culverts, thousands of additional barrier culverts are owned by local governments and private landowners, often within the same watersheds, generate inter-dependencies between barrier correction activities. The project is a collaboration of researchers from the University of Washington and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Our project will develop a consistent, data-driven framework for prioritizing fish passage barriers over multiple objectives, drawing from a rich literature on fish passage restoration plans that maximize return on investment. The decision support tool we develop will serve a coordinating function between barrier owners and managers by allowing the consistent comparison of alternative barrier correction, complementing ongoing efforts to restore fish passage in the state of Washington.
Evaluating the carrying capacity of pink salmon in Sitka National Historical Park	December 2025	Freshwater ecosystems supporting Pacific salmon exhibit natural and wide-ranging variability in the number of salmon they can support. In some areas, the carrying capacity is affected by hatchery-origin adults that stray from hatchery and instead return to nearby rivers and streams. The Indian River within Sitka National Historical Park once had returns of pink salmon numbering in the thousands. Following the construction of a nearby instructional hatchery that draws its water for egg incubation and juvenile rearing, many adults now "escape" the fishery and stray into the river, such that recent returns are two orders of magnitude higher. This project is a collaboration with scientists from the National Park Service (NPS), the Sitka Tribe of Alaska, the Sitka Sound Science Center, and Trout Unlimited. We will develop a model for evaluating a reasonable escapement goal for the river that also considers the effects of water withdrawals, which will help the NPS better manage pink salmon.	Freshwater ecosystems supporting Pacific salmon exhibit natural and wide-ranging variability in the number of salmon they can support. In some areas, the carrying capacity is affected by hatchery-origin adults that stray from hatchery and instead return to nearby rivers and streams. The Indian River within Sitka National Historical Park once had returns of pink salmon numbering in the thousands. Following the construction of a nearby instructional hatchery that draws its water for egg incubation and juvenile rearing, many adults now "escape" the fishery and stray into the river, such that recent returns are two orders of magnitude higher. This project is a collaboration with scientists from the National Park Service (NPS), the Sitka Tribe of Alaska, the Sitka Sound Science Center, and Trout Unlimited. We will develop a model for evaluating a reasonable escapement goal for the river that also considers the effects of water withdrawals, which will help the NPS better manage pink salmon.
Improved monitoring of toxics in nearshore environments in Puget Sound, Washington	May 2023	Monitoring toxics in nearshore marine environments is important because this habitat is the interface between land and water. The Puget Sound Partnership’s (PSP) Leadership Council recently identified this as priority information need by authorizing the addition of nearshore toxics monitoring (using mussels) to the PSP’s Toxics in Aquatic Life Vital Sign indicators. Toxic contaminants have been monitored for almost 30 years in other Puget Sound species (flatfish, herring and salmon) in other habitats, but monitoring for toxics in the nearshore has only recently begun. Recovery goals for toxics typically mean reductions in contamination to levels that make the organisms safe for people to consume, or to levels that will not harm the animals. The design of this monitoring program will consider recovery goals specifically tailored to communities impacted by contaminants in the nearshore. The project is a collaboration of researchers at the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the USGS Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. This project is intended to cut across otherwise disparate monitoring and recovery efforts, by joining ecological ideas with the social sciences to bring a more meaningful and environmentally just approach to ecosystem recovery. It will specifically seek out affected communities typically excluded from such decision-making, consider non-traditional concepts of health and vitality, and honor the full diversity of cultures using these resources.	Monitoring toxics in nearshore marine environments is important because this habitat is the interface between land and water. The Puget Sound Partnership’s (PSP) Leadership Council recently identified this as priority information need by authorizing the addition of nearshore toxics monitoring (using mussels) to the PSP’s Toxics in Aquatic Life Vital Sign indicators. Toxic contaminants have been monitored for almost 30 years in other Puget Sound species (flatfish, herring and salmon) in other habitats, but monitoring for toxics in the nearshore has only recently begun. Recovery goals for toxics typically mean reductions in contamination to levels that make the organisms safe for people to consume, or to levels that will not harm the animals. The design of this monitoring program will consider recovery goals specifically tailored to communities impacted by contaminants in the nearshore. The project is a collaboration of researchers at the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the USGS Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. This project is intended to cut across otherwise disparate monitoring and recovery efforts, by joining ecological ideas with the social sciences to bring a more meaningful and environmentally just approach to ecosystem recovery. It will specifically seek out affected communities typically excluded from such decision-making, consider non-traditional concepts of health and vitality, and honor the full diversity of cultures using these resources.
The role of local ecological knowledge and perceptions in southern resident killer whale policy	June 2028	Southern resident killer whales are a major conservation concern in Washington. They evoke strong public opinions, but policy decisions are not always consistent with killer whale ecology. In this project we will use social science methods to improve our understanding of the relationship between killer whale ecology, policy, and decision-making, and inform state and federal managers to help improve outcomes for both people and killer whales.	Southern resident killer whales are a major conservation concern in Washington. They evoke strong public opinions, but policy decisions are not always consistent with killer whale ecology. In this project we will use social science methods to improve our understanding of the relationship between killer whale ecology, policy, and decision-making, and inform state and federal managers to help improve outcomes for both people and killer whales.
Linking deer behavior to forest health on Tribal lands	September 2025	In this proposal, we braid together two important threads of forest management, one ecological and one social. First, we propose cutting-edge research linking deer behavior to forest health using an existing dataset collected in collaboration with the <i>Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation </i>(hereafter CCT). Second, we describe an approach for incorporating traditional ecological knowledge, building tribal capacity, and fostering intergovernmental relations through this research.	In this proposal, we braid together two important threads of forest management, one ecological and one social. First, we propose cutting-edge research linking deer behavior to forest health using an existing dataset collected in collaboration with the <i>Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation </i>(hereafter CCT). Second, we describe an approach for incorporating traditional ecological knowledge, building tribal capacity, and fostering intergovernmental relations through this research.
Zooplankton biodiversity and food web research in Sinclair Inlet	June 2010	Researchers at the University of Washington (UW) will collaborate with the U.S. Geological Survey (WWSC) in evaluating zooplankton biodiversity and abundance in Sinclair Inlet as part of a larger Sinclair Inlet mercury study. The project will uiltimately include development and implementation of a regular zooplankton sampling program, analysis of zooplankton samples, training of UW and outside researchers in sampling and analysis techniques, publication of results and integration of the project into the ecosystem context. Objectives covered under the scope of work include (1) planning and designing a sampling/analysis program; (2) sampling zooplankton; (3) analyszing species composition and abundance in zooplankton samples; (4) training UW students and personnel in zooplankton sampling and analysis techniques; and (5) in collaboration with USGS personnel, analyze data to answer research questions and publish results in peer-reviewed journal(s).	None
Survival and Distribution of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Migrating Through the Sacramento � San Joaquin River Delta, California	June 2010	1) Develop a release-recapture model to estimate movement and route-specific survival rates of juvenile salmon migrating through the Delta. 2) Apply the model to data collected during 2008 and 2009 to estimate movement and survival rates.	None
Regional Program Development and Large Scale Restoration Planning, Interdepartmental science team participation, ecosystem restoration modeling, planning and ecological research (FY 09-10)	September 2010	In 2004, a research work order that was created and used to provide funding for the NST expired. The expired RWO included NST participation as well as specific technical products produced with significant contributions of NST members from the UW. Following this initial proposal, a second RWO for the period covering fiscal years 2007 and 2008, which is set to expire this year, was created. This current proposed RWO is a follow-on effort that supports NST participation, studies, analyses, and other contributions by the University of Washington professors, students and supporting University staff on the NST for fiscal years 2009 and 2010, the current planning horizon for the PSNERP feasibility study. The PSNERP study is expected to prepare a draft feasibility study within FY 2010. Under this proposal, the University of Washington is providing research support through personnel and labor to the Nearshore Science Team's development of a Puget Sound Restoration Program. UW effort includes development of related documents and products. It is an interdepartmental UW effort. The Research Professor Charles Simenstad (UW) will act as Principal Investigator and be responsible for coordination of UW participants and for product submittals. Additional UW personnel will be funded under the direction of Prof. Simenstad to participate on the NST and work on method development. This group includes other faculty and graduate students. Research Objectives: Research and development of ecosystem scale restoration models and products is the primary purpose of the NST. However, the NSTs interdepartmental makeup and the evolving nature of PSNERP research needs makes it necessary to maintain proper forums for scientific discussion and research dissemination. 1. Maintain a forum and process to advance scientific guidance, and provide analyses and products for nearshore Puget Sound ecology and restoration discussions and planning under PSNERP, and the WDFW, which serves as the Local Sponsor. The UW NST members will contribute their expertise and analytical skill toward the completion of the PSNERP restoration program by conducting studies, analyses and planning guidance in support of the COE feasibility study and furthering Puget Sound restoration science. 2. Participation by the University of Washington in Nearshore Science Team activities and as a cooperator with other agency representatives in selected NST working groups. 3. Conduct research and analyses on nearshore ecosystem restoration strategies and methods and prepare NST publications, reports and other work products, and conduct workshops and other science exchanges on selected PSNERP tasks in support of Objective 1. Research Goals: Specific research tasks in support of these general tasks will be provided through modifications to this agreement. These modifications will outline specific research objectives, products, graduate student responsibilities, staff time commitments and other costs, and any other coordination, equipment or travel needs. General tasks require both academic and applied research applications including: 1. Development and application of on-going PSNERP/NST research and analyses to inform PSNERP restoration planning research efforts on strategic restoration products, such as: a. Strategic Needs Assessment, UW shall provide faculty and graduate student support to development of regional analysis required for general understanding of appropriate restoration approaches at the Puget Sound scale. The SNA provides for discussion on overall restoration strategies for Puget Sound taking into account UW interdepartmental research on oceanographic conditions (Hood Canal) and aquatic sciences research to best implement an ecosystem scale restoration program. b. Future With and Without Project Conditions Analyses, Information systems research needed to assess benefits of Puget Sound restoration using scalable approach. Expand existing graduate student classroom experiences to develop methodology for forecasting Puget Sound changes without a system wide restoration programs. Results will be used to justify Federal funding expenditure and serve as key component of the Strategic Needs Assessment. c. Geospatial Database Research and Restoration Planning Complete GIS and information technology research following development of a large geospatial database on current, historic and future landscape changes. UW faculty and graduate students will work with other departments and outside agencies to establish analytical methods that can be used at the Puget Sound scale by multiple groups so that effective conclusions can be drawn. Results will be analyzed and integrated into the Strategic needs Assessment as part of the PNSER program. d. External Peer Review Develop and implement a peer review process for the Nearshore GI Study utilizing outside researchers and experts to fulfill Water Resources Development Act requirements. e. Strategic Science Support System Create and develop decision making tools for analyzing and selecting restoration projects and for larger restoration project portfolios. Develop comprehensive science plan for the Nearshore GI and ongoing nearshore studies to continue after GI authorization. Research includes adaptive management studies for inclusion into restoration project planning. Identify and develop demonstration projects to assess benefits of emerging project types. Develop long term research development program to support Nearshore GI and local partner research efforts. 2. Provide opportunity and guidance for graduate student thesis research participation in NST/PSNERP restoration planning activities; a. Graduate student research has been integrated into PSNER/NST product development including support to research needs outlined under research goal 1. Specifically, graduate students supported by the PSNER program are conducting research on policy and political administration of restoration programs while others are researching the use of information technology into large restoration programs. 3. Attend NST meetings and associated NST working group meetings; and, participate in a series of conferences or workshops to be scheduled as mutually agreed upon. Purpose is to disseminate results of NST research and obtain regional input on PSNER/NST guidance and strategic work products.	None
Mechanisms of fish viral disease and immunity	September 2010	Many of the most important and destructive pathogens of finfish are viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae. The rhabdovirus Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is the most significant viral pathogen of salmonid fish hosts and it is endemic to nearly all Pacific watersheds of western North America. Numerous field isolates of IHNV have been characterized and found to fall into three major genetic groups, called genogroups U, M, and L. Geographic ranges of U and M genogroup IHNV overlap in much of the Columbia River basin. Individual strains are known to differ in virulence and show host-specific virulence, e.g. U genogroup IHNV has high virulence in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), but low virulence in rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Conversely, M genogroup IHNV has low virulence in sockeye salmon but high virulence in rainbow trout. The mechanistic basis of these virulence differences is unknown. This project will use various experimental approaches to explore and elucidate the basis of virulence of IHNV. This will include investigations of viral features and also host immune responses to both viral infection and vaccination against IHNV. In addition to well established endemic viruses such as IHNV, there are recently emerging viruses of great importance, such as the rhabdovirus Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in the Great Lakes. As time and funding permit researchers will explore viral and host factors associated with virulence of multiple strains of VHSV and possibly other important viruses that cause mortality in wild or cultured fish in North America. Objectives Objective 1. Investigate virulence and pathogenicity of important established and emerging fish viral pathogens Objective 2. Investigate viral fitness and mechanisms of viral virulence Objective 3. Characterize host immune response to viral infection Objective 4. Characterize vaccine efficacy and immune response to vaccination Methods Objective 1. Investigate virulence and pathogenicity of important established and emerging fish viral pathogens Virulence of different field strains of IHNV will be characterized in controlled wet-laboratory challenges. Variables will include different host fish species and/or stocks, different fish ages, different viral challenge routes (immersion or intraperitoneal injection), or different doses of challenge virus. Challenges will typically be done in duplicate groups of 20 fish, with mock-challenged groups to control for non-viral associated mortality. Virulence will be defined in terms of final cumulative percent mortality (CPM) after a 28 day observation period, and kinetics of mortality curves over time. As funding permits, virulence of different strains of important emerging fish viruses such as VHSV may also be examined, using strict containment in our Aquatic Biosafety level 3 wetlab when appropriate. The goal of this objective is to characterize variation in viral virulence and identify strains that reproducibly demonstrate high and low virulence under specific controlled conditions. Objective 2. Investigate viral fitness and mechanisms of viral virulence For viruses fitness is defined as the ability to replicate and produce infectious progeny in a given environment. Replication of different virus strains will be assessed and compared in in vivo growth curve studies in which fish are infected with individual strains in batch and then separated into individual beakers to prevent cross-contamination. At specified time points 1-10 days post-infection 5-15 fish will be euthanized and viral progeny will be quantified in each fish using a quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay for viral RNA. Rate of replication and maximum yield attained will be measures of viral fitness: our hypothesis will be that more virulent viruses will have higher fitness, i.e. they will replicate faster and/or to higher yield. Competitive fitness of selected pairs of virus strains will also be tested in co-infections to see if higher virulence viruses out-compete lower virulence viruses in the same host. These assays will require development of genotype-specific qRT-PCR assays to quantify each viral strain within mixed strain progeny populations. Objective 3. Characterize host immune response to viral infection Selected fish host species will be infected with high and low virulence IHNV strains and at specified time points subgroups of fish will be euthanized to collect samples of various tissues (e.g. kidney, spleen). Innate immune responses of these fish will be characterized by extracting RNA from these tissue samples and conducting qRT-PCR assays for up-regulation (or down-regulation) of innate immune genes such as interferons, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs, such as Mx), and virally-induced genes (VIGs) such as Vig-1 and Vig-8. Adaptive immunity will be similarly profiled at later time points with assays for immune-related genes such as IgM, T-cell receptor, Il-10 and Il-12. The goal of this objective is to profile the immune responses qualitatively (which genes are turned on) and quantitatively (magnitude of increase in gene expression). Adaptive immunity will also be assessed by quantifying IHNV-specific neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers and NAb specificity in sera collected from fish 6-12 weeks post-infection. We hypothesize that the immune responses to high and low virulence virus strains will differ in ways that are informative for understanding the basis of virulence. As funding permits, immune responses to other viral species may be characterized for comparison with findings from IHNV studies. Objective 4. Characterize vaccine efficacy and immune response to vaccination Although vaccines for fish rhabdoviruses have been explored since the 1970s there are no commercially available vaccines for IHNV or VHSV in widespread use. In the last ten years novel vaccines comprised of plasmid DNA carrying the viral surface glycoprotein (G protein) have been shown to be exceptionally successful in eliciting protective immunity against IHNV or VHSV. We have constructed DNA vaccines carrying G protein genes from both U and M genogroup IHNV strains. Efficacy of these vaccines will be compared in different fish hosts, and the innate and adaptive immune responses stimulated by the vaccines will be characterized and compared as described in objective 3. The results of these experiments will allow us to compare the immune responses to vaccination with the responses to viral infection, and will contribute to continued development of these novel vaccines for eventual use in cultured fish.	None
Managing the Nations Fish Habitat at Multiple Spatial Scales in a Rapidly Changing Climate	March 2013	Need-- The goal of this project is to provide guidance to aquatic resource managers and decision makers for managing fish habitat and their associated aquatic communities. We propose toprovide information and tools that will facilitate the conservation and management of aquatic resources in the face of global climate and land-use change. Our proposed research will inform management and conservation efforts performed at multiple spatial scales, ranging from the regional prioritization of critical aquatic habitats to local population dynamics of ecologically and economically valuable fish species. Successful conservation and management of aquatic habitat and the fisheries within these systems is predicated upon the ability to forecast future environmental change (USGS Circular 1309, 2007). Water needs for consumption and energy production, agricultural and urban development, climate change, and invasive species endanger freshwater habitat and their associated biological communities at levels greater than terrestrial and marine systems (Dudgeon et al. 2006). As a consequence, fish habitat quality and quantity and subsequently aquatic species are declining nationwide (Abell et al. 2000; Jelks et al. 2008). An important first step in managing the nation's fish habitat is a comprehensive assessment of the current state of habitat at national, regional and local scales. Assessment of habitats that are most in need of management and assessing the threats associated with these habitats, will allow managers to better prioritize conservation and restoration actions. A robust assessment should allow for an understanding of the current state of aquatic habitat from the national to regional scales, and ultimately to the local management scale. Assessments, however, represents a static picture of the past; and successful management of aquatic habitat will require a capacity to forecast changes in habitat as a result of future changes in climate, land-use, and other natural and anthropogenic factors. Successful conservation and management will need to answer the fundamental question, what are the critical habitat and resource strategies to conserve in order to maintain freshwater biodiversity, freshwater fisheries and ecosystem function in the future? Potential climate-induced changes in the biophysical processes that drive freshwater ecosystems coupled with human-induced, land-use change have resulted in declining aquatic habitat condition nation-wide (Poff et al. 2002; Allan 2004). Coupling multiscale habitat evaluation with downscaled climate information will allow managers to understand where critical resources must be protected and prioritize future management actions. While downscaled climate models are urgently needed, the current tools that have been developed are at much broader scales and have limited utility at regional and local levels. Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) have proven useful to predict the potential impacts of climate change at large spatial scales (Bolin et al. 1986; Melack et al. 1997). However, there is a mismatch between the broad-scale predictions from these models and the more local management of fish and aquatic habitats. Development of methods that integrate forecasts of land-use and climate change for prediction of changes in aquatic habitat within nested national, regional, and local scales are urgently needed. The goal of this project is to develop a multi-scale assessment of the current and future status of fish habitat (and predicted biological responses) under scenarios of projected climate and land-use changes at national, regional, and local scales. We will develop: 1) a coarse assessment of vulnerable habitat across the nation useful to National Fish Habitat Action Plan (NFHAP) board and federal national offices, 2) medium resolution information across four regions appropriate for NFHAP partnerships and state agencies, and 3) relatively high resolution data about current and future habitat status so that local managers and stakeholders can identify the appropriate spatial scale where lentic and lotic habitats and associated biological communities are most vulnerable to climate and land-use changes.	None
Immune responses in teleost fish	September 2011	Goals 1: Develop molecular tools to study the immune response in fish. Target genes will be used for the design and application of real-time quantitative RTPCR assays for studying the differential regulation of genes upon stimulation or infection. Goal 2: Production of cellular resources for studying immune response in fish. Candidate gene will be cloned into expression vectors for the production of recombinant proteins. The proteins will be used to generate specific antiserum against the given protein. Goal 3: To develop standarized challenge models for gram negative and positive bacterial pathogens in fish. Initially, a gram-positive model of infection will be developed for zebrafish. Data will include LD30 and mean time to death analyses.	None
Gut Content Analysis of California Gulls Foraging in the Columbia River	February 2010	Objectives Provide lowest-taxon data on the gut contents of California Gulls foraging in the Columbia River. Identify all salmonids in the gut contents to species. Methods Diet analysis on 128 California gull stomachs will be performed. Gut contents have already been removed from carcasses, and are currently stored frozen in Whirlpacks. Initial soft tissue identifications have been completed, but will need to be verified. We will produce three things: 1) Hard tissue ID including salmonids to species and other fish to genus or the level that would allow us to separate them from other fish in the Columbia River system near John Day Dam. It is hoped that using otoliths will provide a clear distinction between sub-yearling and yearling Chinook. 2) Verification of completed soft tissue ID including determination to species. 3) Prey items by number, mass and percent biomass. Non-fish items may be lumped into groups (e.g., aquatic insects). All methods used in this project will follow those described in Wiese et al. (2008) and Parrish et al. 2006a), and will use a key specifically designed to identify otoliths and fish cranial bones in the gut contents of piscivorous birds (Parrish et al. 2006b).	None
Forecasting the geography of fish invasions in the lower Colorado River basin	July 2011	Invasive species have caused major global change, harming indigenous species and communities throughout the world and inflicting enormous economic and ecological damage. Anticipating the future threatens posed by invasive species requires a predictive, proactive approach that forecasts potential distributions to further inform the identification and prioritization of critical conservation areas and endemic species at risk. Innovative analytical approaches, coupled with fast micro-computers, enable reliable large-scale nonparametric analyses to predict species distributions from geographical and ecological data. The attached research proposal addresses this pressing need by developing predictive models for forecasting the potential distributions of freshwater non-indigenous fish species in the Lower Colorado River Basin. This project addresses 3 fundamental questions that are critical for effectively managing invasive species in the Lower Colorado River Basin: (1) Will non-indigenous species already established continue to spread throughout the basin, or do they already occupy most of their potential range?; (2) If they continue to spread, what regions of the basin are likely to experience the greatest rates of invasion?; and (3) Do regions of high invasion susceptibility contain highly diverse and vulnerable endemic fish faunas? Products from this research contribute directly to the USGS Aquatic GAP Program by providing a quantitative framework for informing the selection of conservation priorities and identifying high priority surveillance locations aimed at the early detection of fish invasions and minimizing the future ecological impacts on native fish diversity. More generally, this project will provide a general framework for how non-indigenous species (and other forms of biological and environmental change) can be better incorporated into current and future Aquatic GAP programs. Research Objectives � Anticipating the future threatens posed by invasive species requires a predictive approach that forecasts potential distributions to further inform the identification and prioritization of critical conservation areas and endemic species at risk. Such an approach would integrate the understanding of invader dynamics and the ecological interactions between the invader and natural ecosystems. These models would serve as the basis for specific strategies to prevent the further invasion and adverse impacts of non-indigenous species. This project addresses 3 fundamental questions (listed above) that are critical for effectively managing the invasion of the Lower Colorado River Basin by non-indigenous fishes Practical questions such as these about the control and management of non-indigenous fish species require quantitative models that forecast their potential distribution in the Lower Colorado River Basin. This project will develop predictive models for non-indigenous fishes with the aim of forecasting potential distributions throughout the Lower Colorado River Basin as a function of habitat suitability and proximity to sources of human introduction. Products from this research with lead to preventative measures and pro-active management strategies that can be implemented before non-indigenous species have become established. Research Approaches � Regional conservation planning for the Lower Colorado River Basin requires knowledge about the potential spread and impact of non-indigenous fish species. These strategies should be based on the analysis of large-scale, long-term datasets, which when combined with small-scale experimental studies, will provide complementary approaches to better understand both historical and current distributional patterns of non-indigenous species. Broad-scale studies provide the foundation for proactive conservation planning by identifying patterns and rates of spread. This project requires knowledge of native and non-native species distributions, and ecogeographical layers describing natural and human-impacted features of the environment, in particular, patterns of landuse and altered flow regimes associated with dams. In collaboration with the Lower Colorado River Basin Aquatic GAP this data will be collected and synthesized. Habitat-suitability or niche-based modeling techniques relate species point occurrence records to geographic information about the ecological characteristics of the landscape to produce a hypothesis about which ecological features are within a species' niche and which are not. The ecological niche model can then be projected onto landscapes to identify regions that present ecological conditions inside and outside of the species' niche, producing predictions of potentially suitable habitat distributions (Peterson 2003). I will use Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA, Hirzel et al. 2002) to model habitat suitability and the potential distributions of non-indigenous freshwater fishes in the Lower Colorado River Basin as a function of ecogeographical and human-related variables. ENFA is a method that quantifies the niche occupied by a species by comparing its distribution in ecological space with the environmental characteristics of the entire study area.	None
Factors Governing the Quantity and Quality of Habitat for Wintering Swans in Northwestern Washington	June 2012	(1) Determine present and future carrying capacity of swan habitat within Northwestern Washington (WDFW Region 4). (2) Determine the sources of lead poisoning of swans in Skagit and Snohomish Counties. (3) Develop management recommendations for ensuring adequate habitat for wintering swans while minimizing impacts to agricultural lands. The proposed research would be conducted within the context of continued hazing of swans from Judson Lake or remediation of existing lead shot contamination within the lake.	None
Evaluation of US Army Corps of Engineers Habitat Restoration Sites	December 2010	A number of habitat restoration sites in the lower Duwamish Waterway in Seattle, Washington have been extensively studied under previous Research Work Orders (RWOs) (Cordell et al., 1994, 1995, 2001, 2003), to determine how they function with respect to use by juvenile salmonids and production of invertebrates that provide the salmon with food. In 2008, the University of Washington Wetland Ecosystems Team (UW-WET) established a RWO with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to investigate ten additional habitat restoration sites in order to evaluate their biological function and to enable an initial comparison of them to other better studied sites in the system. Work on these sites included biological sampling in cases where it had not been previously done, synthesis of pre-existing data reports, and an evaluation of each site with regard to the stated restoration goals (Armbrust et al. 2008). Additional such surveys were conducted for the USACE in 2009, at five sites (Armbrust et al. 2009). The goal of this project is to conduct similar literature surveys, site visits, and sampling at four additional restoration sites, which will include collection of new biological data where appropriate, and evaluation of each project with respect to original project goals. This data will be valuable in providing information about the restoration sites that can be used to compare to previously evaluated sites, and allowing for a standardized evaluation of the present status and biological function of each site.	None
Evaluation of Habitat Restoration Sites	December 2009	A number of habitat restoration sites in the lower Duwamish Waterway in Seattle, Washington have been extensively studied under previous Research Work Orders (RWOs) (Cordell et al., 1994, 1995, 2001, 2003), to determine how they function with respect to use by juvenile salmonids and production of invertebrates that provide the salmon with food. In 2008, the University of Washington Wetland Ecosystems Team (UW-WET) established an RWO to investigate ten additional habitat restoration sites in order to evaluate their biological function and to enable an initial comparison of them to other better studied sites in the system. Work on these sites included biological sampling in cases where it had not been previously done, synthesis of pre-existing data reports, and an evaluation of each site with regard to the stated restoration goals (Armbrust et al. 2008). The goal of this project is to conduct similar work for five additional restoration sites, including collection of new biological data where appropriate, and evaluation of each project with respect to original project goals. This data will be valuable in providing information about restoration sites above the waterway and in contextualizing the more downstream sites that have been previously sampled extensively. Work common to all sites: - reports related to each restoration project will be summarized - conduct a thorough walk through of each site - Site specific work will be conducted in the following areas: - Lake Washington gravel nourishment area - Seahurst Park seawall removal site - Green River large woody debris site - Uper Green River "Humphrey" Log Jam For each site a separate summary of the monitoring data available as well as the results of our own monitoring efforts will be prepared. Where possible, we will evaluate the site regarding success in meeting its goals. We will also provide recommendations to improve site function if appropriate.	None
Estimates of Changing Daily Precipitation Intensity and Flood Risk in the Pacific Northwest Using Regional Climate Simulations	June 2011	The study will provide crucial data resources to support ongoing biological research in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems affected by high flows. These include extensions of current research on aquatic ecosystems impacted by river scour, channel morphology, and influx of woody debris (e.g. associated with the 20-year flood). Changing sediment source and transport regimes in watersheds experiencing the combined effects of potentially changing precipitation intensity, retreating glaciers, loss of snowpack, changing fire risks, and vegetation changes are important factors affecting coastal ecosystems in sensitive rivers such as the Skagit and Nisqually Rivers in the Puget Sound basin. Likewise, impacts to primary productivity in the coastal ocean are linked to sediments and associated nutrients delivered primarily by high flow events. Aquatic ecosystem impacts related to landslides and culvert failure in forest roads within National Park boundaries ultimately affect instream habitat for aquatic biota, and evaluations of species recovery efforts, especially for salmonids. Flooding is an important factor affecting terrestrial wetlands and is the subject of studies examining impacts to amphibians. At large spatial scales, the effects of changing flood risk in the Columbia River basin (and potential changes in water management for flood control) are both important inputs to ecosystem models used by the National Marine Fisheries Service (and others) to assess salmon recovery plans. Some collaborating federal and state agencies involved in these efforts include the U.S. Geological Survey, National Marine Fisheries Service, The Nature Conservancy, American Rivers, Trout Unlimited, U.S. National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, WA State Dept. of Ecology, Skagit River System Cooperative, Northwest Power and Conservation Council, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Scope of Work 1. Analyze ensemble of regional climate simulations to detect changes in extreme events relevant to flood risk. This analysis would include parameters such as changes in precipitation intensity, storm inter-arrival times, frequency of rain-on-snow, etc. 2. Develop and refine downscaling approaches for application to the regional climate model 3. Create daily time stephydrologic model driving data sets for selected future time periods based on downscaled regional climate model simulations 4. Run and archive hydrologic model simulations 5. Estimate associated flood risk for 297 CBCCSP sites 6. Create web-based archive of results. 7. Publish a journal article.	None
Development and validation of models to assess the threat to freshwater fishes from environmental change and invasive species	June 2012	Primary Questions/Objectives 1. What are the primary anthropogenic and biotic threats to freshwater ecosystems in the Lower Colorado River Basin, and how do they vary across different spatial scales? 2. Which regional fish faunas are at greatest risk to anthropogenic and biotic threats? 3. What is the association between species distributions and community composition (both taxonomic and functional) and specific threat indices at different spatial scales, and what are the predicted effects of future environmental change	None
Conservation Planning for Fishes in the Upper Colorado River Basin	December 2013	1. Determine availability of existing published and unpublished data on the fish distributions and related habitat variables for the Upper Colorado River Basin. 2. Document current land use, stewardship layers, geology, and other landscape-level habitat information (in coordination with the NFHI and Michigan St. Univ.) for the Upper Colorado River Basin. 3. Develop a classification hierarchy for aquatic habitats to provide an ecological basis for determining conservation areas 4. Identify landscape-level habitat metrics associated with native and non native fish presence in the Upper Colorado River Basin. 5. Identify areas of high native fish biodiversity and the habitats associated with those areas for conservation efforts. 6. Classify landscape-level threats to aquatic biota in the UCRB. 7. Link fish distribution maps, landcover, stewardship, and other layers deemed useful by the stakeholders for the upper and lower Colorado River basins to create seamless layers for the Colorado River Basin.	None
Baseline Assessment of Salmon Prey Invertebrates at Site 1/Northwind's Weir Restoration Site	December 2010	The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has recently been assessing the success of habitat restoration projects that they have participated in throughout the Puget Sound region (Armbrust et al. 2008, 2009). One such site is the Site 1/Northwind's Weir restoration site, which was completed winter 2009-2010, and consists of 2.5 acres of created off-channel mudflat habitat with associated uplands. The goal of this project is to collect baseline data on initial post-construction biological conditions, in order to be able to make future evaluations of the success of the project in meeting its original stated goals.	None
Ballast water--Aquatic non-indigenous species research	September 2010	Objectives A multi-year cooperative research with multiple ballast water objectives and multiple partners/cooperators is envisioned. This project will focus on research and development of ballast water treatment technologies and potential introductions of marine and estuarine species in Puget Sound. Specific objectives include: Objective 1. Prevent introductions of aquatic invasive species through technology development leading to effective management of invasion pathways and control points with emphasis on detection and treatment of ballast water organisms. Objective 2. Evaluate the effectiveness of marine ballast water technologies to assess the ecological risks and economic costs associated with new and existing ballast water practices. Objective 3. Develop science-based risk assessment and modeling to support prevention and timely response to ANS invasions. Objective 4. Assist in the development of adaptive management for containment an/or reduction of coastal impacts resulting ANS species invasion.	None
2010 Sampling for Elliott Bay/Duwamish Restoration Program Monitoring Project: Invertebrate Sampling	December 2011	This project is part of an ongoing research effort to understand how invertebrate prey resources colonize and use restored wetland habitats in the Duwamish River estuary, and industrialized waterway. The four sites being studied in this project consist of created channels, small embayments, and transplanted vegetation strata that were constructed between 2000 and 2006. In collaboration with the USFWS, researchers at the University of Washington (UW) have monitored fish and invertebrate populations four times since their construction. This project adds an additional year of invertebrate sampling at the sites, which will add to our understanding of the how biological function develops at restored sites. Research Objectives and Methods The purpose of this work is to collect invertebrate data for the Elliott Bay/Duwamish Restoration Program Monitoring Project, at 4 restoration sites and 2 reference sites on the Duwamish River in Seattle, Washington. Invertebrate samples are collected once per month from April through June. The invertebrate sampling will be conducted as part of a monitoring project under the Elliott Bay/Duwamish Restoration Program (EBDRP). The EBDRP Panel was established as part of a 1991 consent decree between the City of Seattle, Metro (now King County Department of Natural Resources) (DNR), and natural resource trustees . The restoration projects' construction and monitoring have been under the sponsorship and guidance of the EBDRP Panel of Managers, comprised of the City of Seattle, King County DNR, and the natural resource trustees, and follow the Intertidal Habitat Projects Monitoring Program monitoring plan (EBDRP 2000). The EBDRP project is a ten-year monitoring plan designed to determine if physical success and biological success criteria identified in the monitoring plan's restoration goals are being met. Monitoring Tasks 1. Collect fallout insect traps and invertebrate core samples at restoration and reference sites once per month from April through June. Identify invertebrates to species for taxa known to be important to juvenile salmonids and to order level for the remainder. Invertebrate Sampling Specific Tasks 1. Deploy and collect five fallout insect traps (tubs and platforms) in the estuary at each restoration site (Hamm Creek Estuary, Herring's House, Kenco, and North Wind's Weir) and respective reference site. 2. Collect 10 core samples at the restoration sites and their respective reference sites. 3. Identify invertebrates from the samples. Taxa known to be important to juvenile salmonids are identified to species and enumerated; the remainder is identified to order level	None
Integrating social tolerance into wolf habitat suitability models	December 2024	As gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) recolonize Washington state, they provoke strong, polarized responses among the state’s diverse human communities. While numerous studies have investigated the unique reaction of people to wolves and wolf management, managing wolves and human-wolf interactions remains challenging, and new methods in the environmental social sciences offer great promise in revealing patterns and supporting management. In this study, we will work with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife in three new methodological domains that have been urgently called for but rarely applied in the scientific literature. These domains are 1) longitudinal studies of attitudes and perspectives over time in an area experiencing recolonization; 2) mapping social phenomena to complement ecological understandings of habitat suitability and connectivity; and 3) including robust understandings of attitudes and values in science communication. Taken together, these methods can offer insights at local and broad scales and help identify systems under stress and prioritize management. The support provided by this funding will train a graduate student investigator in this important but understudied research domain and will directly lead to the production of a dissertation chapter.	As gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) recolonize Washington state, they provoke strong, polarized responses among the state’s diverse human communities. While numerous studies have investigated the unique reaction of people to wolves and wolf management, managing wolves and human-wolf interactions remains challenging, and new methods in the environmental social sciences offer great promise in revealing patterns and supporting management. In this study, we will work with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife in three new methodological domains that have been urgently called for but rarely applied in the scientific literature. These domains are 1) longitudinal studies of attitudes and perspectives over time in an area experiencing recolonization; 2) mapping social phenomena to complement ecological understandings of habitat suitability and connectivity; and 3) including robust understandings of attitudes and values in science communication. Taken together, these methods can offer insights at local and broad scales and help identify systems under stress and prioritize management. The support provided by this funding will train a graduate student investigator in this important but understudied research domain and will directly lead to the production of a dissertation chapter.
Proactive development of CWD outreach, education, and policy to guide disease management in Washington	August 2026	The mission of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) is to preserve, protect, and perpetuate the state’s fish, wildlife, and ecosystems while providing sustainable fish and wildlife recreational and commercial opportunities. This mission represents the deeply held value of connection with the natural world that all Washingtonians share and forms the basis of the Department’s commitment to respond to significant risks to the health of the state’s native wildlife. In the case of disease risks to resident cervid species, the consequences of inaction could profoundly affect Washington’s vibrant hunting and outdoor recreation culture, as well as the economic benefits that support communities and conservation throughout the state.<br>Chronic wasting disease (CWD) represents a potentially significant long-term threat to Washington’s diverse native cervid species, one of which is federally protected (Columbian white-tailed deer), and to populations that are co-managed with Tribes (29 federally-recognized in Washington). Currently, the disease has been identified in 26 states and 4 Canadian provinces, with the closest positive 70 miles from Washington. A comprehensive CWD response must include biological and sociological components, ideally developed before the disease is detected. Proactive CWD management is paramount given the increasing evidence that long-term population declines are likely when outbreaks persist, further reducing hunting participation and diminishing public trust in management agencies. Unfortunately, Agency responses are almost always reactive, which further reduces support and subverts opportunities for disease elimination. Examples from other states indicate that a successful CWD response is predicated on stakeholder support for management actions. <b>Essentially, Agency success will increase if a strong human dimensions component is developed and incorporated <i>before </i>an outbreak</b>.<br>The WDFW developed a CWD management plan in 2021, and this proposed project will align with its first objective, “Proactively build trust with and support from the public and stakeholders regarding CWD management activities during each phase of the Plan.” Here, we will employ accepted social science methods to guide CWD-related decision-making, with an emphasis on education and outreach. We will conduct focus groups/interviews of key parties, including (but not limited to) Tribal representatives, agricultural producers, cervid hunting groups, agency personnel, and other influential individuals. Knowledge gained from focus groups/interviews will be used to develop a quantitative survey using a random sample of Washington hunters. The survey will address issues such as CWD knowledge, risk perceptions, behavior, support for regulatory alternatives (e.g., increased harvest, deer feeding bans, financial incentives), and agency trust. The survey items will provide information essential to selecting management actions that garner public support, as well as anticipating opposition.<br>Finally, and crucially, we will produce public-facing education and outreach materials based on the findings of our interviews and surveys. These brochures, videos, and presentations will reach a large portion of Washington’s cervid hunters and help WDFW effectively communicate about CWD and its management, minimizing opposition and building trust in the agency. Ultimately, this project outlines a cost-effective yet comprehensive approach to meeting Objective 5 of the USDA funding priorities, “Develop and/or deliver educational outreach materials or programs to wild cervid stakeholders or Tribal entities.”	The mission of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) is to preserve, protect, and perpetuate the state’s fish, wildlife, and ecosystems while providing sustainable fish and wildlife recreational and commercial opportunities. This mission represents the deeply held value of connection with the natural world that all Washingtonians share and forms the basis of the Department’s commitment to respond to significant risks to the health of the state’s native wildlife. In the case of disease risks to resident cervid species, the consequences of inaction could profoundly affect Washington’s vibrant hunting and outdoor recreation culture, as well as the economic benefits that support communities and conservation throughout the state.<br>Chronic wasting disease (CWD) represents a potentially significant long-term threat to Washington’s diverse native cervid species, one of which is federally protected (Columbian white-tailed deer), and to populations that are co-managed with Tribes (29 federally-recognized in Washington). Currently, the disease has been identified in 26 states and 4 Canadian provinces, with the closest positive 70 miles from Washington. A comprehensive CWD response must include biological and sociological components, ideally developed before the disease is detected. Proactive CWD management is paramount given the increasing evidence that long-term population declines are likely when outbreaks persist, further reducing hunting participation and diminishing public trust in management agencies. Unfortunately, Agency responses are almost always reactive, which further reduces support and subverts opportunities for disease elimination. Examples from other states indicate that a successful CWD response is predicated on stakeholder support for management actions. <b>Essentially, Agency success will increase if a strong human dimensions component is developed and incorporated <i>before </i>an outbreak</b>.<br>The WDFW developed a CWD management plan in 2021, and this proposed project will align with its first objective, “Proactively build trust with and support from the public and stakeholders regarding CWD management activities during each phase of the Plan.” Here, we will employ accepted social science methods to guide CWD-related decision-making, with an emphasis on education and outreach. We will conduct focus groups/interviews of key parties, including (but not limited to) Tribal representatives, agricultural producers, cervid hunting groups, agency personnel, and other influential individuals. Knowledge gained from focus groups/interviews will be used to develop a quantitative survey using a random sample of Washington hunters. The survey will address issues such as CWD knowledge, risk perceptions, behavior, support for regulatory alternatives (e.g., increased harvest, deer feeding bans, financial incentives), and agency trust. The survey items will provide information essential to selecting management actions that garner public support, as well as anticipating opposition.<br>Finally, and crucially, we will produce public-facing education and outreach materials based on the findings of our interviews and surveys. These brochures, videos, and presentations will reach a large portion of Washington’s cervid hunters and help WDFW effectively communicate about CWD and its management, minimizing opposition and building trust in the agency. Ultimately, this project outlines a cost-effective yet comprehensive approach to meeting Objective 5 of the USDA funding priorities, “Develop and/or deliver educational outreach materials or programs to wild cervid stakeholders or Tribal entities.”
Assessing Perceptions of Risk and Uncertainty during Adaptive Management: A Case Study of the Washington State Forest Practices Habitat Conservation Plan	June 2023	The adaptive management program (AMP) of the Washington Forest Practices HCP (FPHCP) is perhaps the largest nonfederal adaptive management program in the United States. Its successes and failures during its 20-year term can inform both local policy in Washington state as well as broader discussions about science-driven environmental management. This project will strive to understand how AMP participants, composed of scientists and policy makers (hereafter program participants), perceive the AMP; how the AMP addresses key scientific uncertainties, risks, goals, and performance targets identified by the AMP; the role of science in reducing uncertainty and resolving policy issues; and the ways these issues affect policy discussions among the participants. Using social science methods, including but not limited to semi-structured interviews and Q-methodological approaches, this project’s objectives are to better understand latent perspectives, conflicts, and shared values that can help improve our understanding of the AMP as well as adaptive management programs more broadly. The project will involve close collaboration between the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, WDFW cooperators spearheading other aspects of the broader research program, and a postdoctoral researcher hired to achieve the objectives outlined below.<br><br>Work with the University of Washington (Dr. Alex McInturff, Assistant Unit Leader – Wildlife at the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit) is composed of five tasks. The collective goal of these tasks is to understand how program participant groups perceive the AMP’s scope, purpose, outcomes, and how these perceptions can affect policy decisions. The tasks described in more detail below include: i) Characterizing the program-participant groups’ satisfaction with ultimate policy outcomes based on new knowledge, i.e., were outcomes rationale, fair, transparent, decisive, true to Forests and Fish goals, and reasons for perceptions of these outcomes, ii) An exploration of hypotheses that could explain why program participants were unable to agree on rule change and dissatisfied with certain policy outcomes, and iii) How the AMP process could be improved to build common understanding and avoid future dissatisfaction. Ultimately, this research should improve the AMP, it will also serve as a major case study for understanding how participant perceptions influence environmental policy outcomes.<br><b><u> </u></b>	The adaptive management program (AMP) of the Washington Forest Practices HCP (FPHCP) is perhaps the largest nonfederal adaptive management program in the United States. Its successes and failures during its 20-year term can inform both local policy in Washington state as well as broader discussions about science-driven environmental management. This project will strive to understand how AMP participants, composed of scientists and policy makers (hereafter program participants), perceive the AMP; how the AMP addresses key scientific uncertainties, risks, goals, and performance targets identified by the AMP; the role of science in reducing uncertainty and resolving policy issues; and the ways these issues affect policy discussions among the participants. Using social science methods, including but not limited to semi-structured interviews and Q-methodological approaches, this project’s objectives are to better understand latent perspectives, conflicts, and shared values that can help improve our understanding of the AMP as well as adaptive management programs more broadly. The project will involve close collaboration between the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, WDFW cooperators spearheading other aspects of the broader research program, and a postdoctoral researcher hired to achieve the objectives outlined below.<br> <br>Work with the University of Washington (Dr. Alex McInturff, Assistant Unit Leader – Wildlife at the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit) is composed of five tasks. The collective goal of these tasks is to understand how program participant groups perceive the AMP’s scope, purpose, outcomes, and how these perceptions can affect policy decisions. The tasks described in more detail below include: i) Characterizing the program-participant groups’ satisfaction with ultimate policy outcomes based on new knowledge, i.e., were outcomes rationale, fair, transparent, decisive, true to Forests and Fish goals, and reasons for perceptions of these outcomes, ii) An exploration of hypotheses that could explain why program participants were unable to agree on rule change and dissatisfied with certain policy outcomes, and iii) How the AMP process could be improved to build common understanding and avoid future dissatisfaction. Ultimately, this research should improve the AMP, it will also serve as a major case study for understanding how participant perceptions influence environmental policy outcomes.<br><b><u> </u></b>
Assessing threats to Cascade red foxes in Washington	September 2025	The Cascade red fox (CRF) is one of the rarest and most genetically distinct carnivores in North America. Today, CRF appear to be absent from the North Cascades and are found primarily in Washington’s South Cascades including Mount Rainier National Park (MORA) and surrounding wilderness. A lack of information about threats to CRF, and the lack of a process for identifying and evaluating potential conservation actions, is complicating efforts to conserve this state-endangerd species. In this collaborative effort with partners including the National Park Service and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, we are combining existing data and new radio-tracking data to understand effects of threats on fox movements and demography. Based on results, we will engage partners in a decision-making process to identify and evaluate management actions. This work will inform ongoing conservation of CRF throughout their range in Washington, including development of a recovery plan for CRF in Washington.	The Cascade red fox (CRF) is one of the rarest and most genetically distinct carnivores in North America. Today, CRF appear to be absent from the North Cascades and are found primarily in Washington’s South Cascades including Mount Rainier National Park (MORA) and surrounding wilderness. A lack of information about threats to the CRF, a candidate for listing in Washington, is complicating efforts to conserve it. In this collaborative effort with partners including the National Park Service and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, we are using a combination of existing scat and camera trap sampling, radio-tagging foxes, and interviews, to: 1) Develop estimates of density and survival of CRF in MORA and the surrounding area, and evaluate the effect of spatial covariates, including those related to threats, on density and survival, 2) Understand how coyotes influence CRF habitat use in MORA and the surrounding area, and 3) Use Indigenous and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) to understand pre-colonization versus contemporary coyote distribution in the southern Washington Cascades. This work will inform ongoing conservation of CRF throughout their range in Washington.
Assessing threats to critical seabird foraging habitat in the Salish Sea	September 2024	Seabirds are recognized as critical indicators of oceanic conditions. However, in the Salish Sea, increasing threats to seabird foraging habitat are not well understood in terms of their potential effects on seabird populations. A better understanding of threats to seabird foraging habitat could guide regional efforts to conserve these habitats. This project is a collaboration of researchers across multiple organizations, including US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and University of Washington. We are developing a model to understand foraging habitat selection by Pigeon Guillemots and Rhinoceros Auklets nesting at Protection Island, mapping critical foraging habitat for these species, and developing a model linking breeding outcomes with foraging conditions.	Seabirds are recognized as critical indicators of oceanic conditions. However, in the Salish Sea, increasing threats to seabird foraging habitat are not well understood in terms of their potential effects on seabird populations. A better understanding of threats to seabird foraging habitat could guide regional efforts to conserve these habitats. This project is a collaboration of researchers across multiple organizations, including US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and University of Washington. We are developing a model to understand foraging habitat selection by Pigeon Guillemots and Rhinoceros Auklets nesting at Protection Island, mapping critical foraging habitat for these species, and developing a model linking breeding outcomes with foraging conditions.
Maximizing the value of Salish Sea aerial surveys for sea duck management	June 2024	Many sea duck populations are in decline, and the Salish Sea - as one of the main North American overwintering sites for sea ducks - is critical to their conservation. Salish Sea data have the potential to greatly improve our understanding of factors driving sea duck populations both locally and range-wide. This project is a collaboration with Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. We are developing a model for nearly 20 years of aerial survey data on sea ducks in the Salish Sea, to better understand factors driving both their annual growth and their distribution within the Salish Sea.	Many sea duck populations are in decline, and the Salish Sea - as one of the main North American overwintering sites for sea ducks - is critical to their conservation. Salish Sea data have the potential to greatly improve our understanding of factors driving sea duck populations both locally and range-wide. This project is a collaboration with Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. We are developing a model for nearly 20 years of aerial survey data on sea ducks in the Salish Sea, to better understand factors driving both their annual growth and their distribution within the Salish Sea.
Evaluating the relative effects of top-down and bottom-up factors on declines in Lake Sammamish kokanee salmon	September 2024	Historically, Lake Sammamish, Washington supported three unique runs of kokanee (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>), which provided important food and recreational fishing opportunities for nearby communities. By the 1970s, losses of spawning habitat in tributaries to the lake and degraded water quality within the lake itself led to large declines in kokanee numbers, and by the mid-1980s the early run of kokanee had collapsed and all recreational fishing had been stopped. This project is a collaboration with scientists from Trout Unlimited; the City of Issaquah, Washington; King County, Washington; People for Puget Sound; Save Lake Sammamish; the Snoqualmie Tribe; the Wild Fish Conservancy; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Our goal is to assess how habitat loss, fragmentation, and modification combine with direct human influences to negatively affect the viability of kokanee populations in Lake Sammamish. We will work to understand how the predator and prey communities within the Lake Sammamish Basin interact to drive changes in population dynamics of kokanee salmon. Specifically, we will focus on the top-down roles of native and nonnative predators (e.g., cutthroat trout, small- and largemouth bass) and the bottom-up influence of zooplankton and macroinvertebrate prey. This research will directly inform recovery efforts for this species of greatest conservation need and culturally valuable resource.	Historically, Lake Sammamish, Washington supported three unique runs of kokanee (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>), which provided important food and recreational fishing opportunities for nearby communities. By the 1970s, losses of spawning habitat in tributaries to the lake and degraded water quality within the lake itself led to large declines in kokanee numbers, and by the mid-1980s the early run of kokanee had collapsed and all recreational fishing had been stopped. This project is a collaboration with scientists from Trout Unlimited; the City of Issaquah, Washington; King County, Washington; People for Puget Sound; Save Lake Sammamish; the Snoqualmie Tribe; the Wild Fish Conservancy; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Our goal is to assess how habitat loss, fragmentation, and modification combine with direct human influences to negatively affect the viability of kokanee populations in Lake Sammamish. We will work to understand how the predator and prey communities within the Lake Sammamish Basin interact to drive changes in population dynamics of kokanee salmon. Specifically, we will focus on the top-down roles of native and nonnative predators (e.g., cutthroat trout, small- and largemouth bass) and the bottom-up influence of zooplankton and macroinvertebrate prey. This research will directly inform recovery efforts for this species of greatest conservation need and culturally valuable resource.
Five-year status review of yelloweye and bocaccio rockfish in Puget Sound	September 2021	The Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires periodic reviews of species that are listed as threatened or endangered to ensure that the listing is still accurate. Specifically, section 4(c)(2) of the ESA states that the Secretary shall: <i>Conduct, at least once every five years, a review of all species included in a list. Determine on the basis of such review whether any such species should be removed from such list, be changed in status from an endangered species to a threatened species or be changed in status from a threatened species to an endangered species.</i> Yelloweye rockfish (S<i>ebastes ruberrimus</i>), canary rockfish (<i>Sebastes pinniger</i>), and bocaccio (<i>Sebastes paucispinis</i>) within the Salish Sea (Puget Sound, Georgia Basin) were listed under the ESA in 2010 and the next 5 year review is scheduled to be finished in late 2021. Understanding the population status of these listed rockfish is necessary to 1) inform fisheries and habitat conservation management, 2) inform population targets identified in the Rockfish Recovery Plan (finished in 2017), and 3) potentially propose changing the listing status of these fishes under the ESA. Improving our understanding of population status will entail collating and analyzing data from a variety of data sources. This project is a collaboration with scientists from NOAA Fisheries and the Washington Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. We will conduct population assessments using contemporary and historical information for ESA-listed rockfish, which will help inform 5-year status review and assist NOAA Fisheries in its determination of the viability of these species.	The Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires periodic reviews of species that are listed as threatened or endangered to ensure that the listing is still accurate. Specifically, section 4(c)(2) of the ESA states that the Secretary shall: <i>Conduct, at least once every five years, a review of all species included in a list. Determine on the basis of such review whether any such species should be removed from such list, be changed in status from an endangered species to a threatened species or be changed in status from a threatened species to an endangered species.</i> Yelloweye rockfish (S<i>ebastes ruberrimus</i>), canary rockfish (<i>Sebastes pinniger</i>), and bocaccio (<i>Sebastes paucispinis</i>) within the Salish Sea (Puget Sound, Georgia Basin) were listed under the ESA in 2010 and the next 5 year review is scheduled to be finished in late 2021. Understanding the population status of these listed rockfish is necessary to 1) inform fisheries and habitat conservation management, 2) inform population targets identified in the Rockfish Recovery Plan (finished in 2017), and 3) potentially propose changing the listing status of these fishes under the ESA. Improving our understanding of population status will entail collating and analyzing data from a variety of data sources. This project is a collaboration with scientists from NOAA Fisheries and the Washington Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. We will conduct population assessments using contemporary and historical information for ESA-listed rockfish, which will help inform 5-year status review and assist NOAA Fisheries in its determination of the viability of these species.
Advancing sustainable shellfish aquaculture through machine learning and automated data collection on fish communities	December 2023	Washington is the nation’s leading producer of farmed clams, oysters, and mussels, contributing approximately $184 million to the State economy, supporting over 1,900 jobs, and supplying fresh shellfish to consumers around the globe. With such high cultural, economic, and ecological value, there is substantial demand for growth within the shellfish aquaculture industry. A key impediment to the sustainable expansion of shellfish aquaculture is understanding the ecological implications of converting nearshore habitat to shellfish production. Understanding how shellfish aquaculture functions as nearshore habitat, relative to uncultivated areas, will help resource managers overcome this barrier and assess potential tradeoffs when planning the sustainable expansion of shellfish aquaculture. In collaboration with researchers from NOAA Fisheries and shellfish growers in Puget Sound, we have used underwater cameras to document nearshore fish (including outmigrating salmonids) and crabs in both shellfish aquaculture and uncultivated nearshore habitats. Subsets of these video data were processed manually to address questions of aquaculture habitat use. Optimization of video processing will enable use of this technology to answer key questions about how fish are utilizing these nearshore habitats. We anticipate that the optimization of video processing will permit us to expand this collaborative, industry-supported data stream to improve our understanding of the ecological function of shellfish aquaculture, as well as inform public perception on the marine ecology surrounding these farms.	Washington is the nation’s leading producer of farmed clams, oysters, and mussels, contributing approximately $184 million to the State economy, supporting over 1,900 jobs, and supplying fresh shellfish to consumers around the globe. With such high cultural, economic, and ecological value, there is substantial demand for growth within the shellfish aquaculture industry. A key impediment to the sustainable expansion of shellfish aquaculture is understanding the ecological implications of converting nearshore habitat to shellfish production. Understanding how shellfish aquaculture functions as nearshore habitat, relative to uncultivated areas, will help resource managers overcome this barrier and assess potential tradeoffs when planning the sustainable expansion of shellfish aquaculture. In collaboration with researchers from NOAA Fisheries and shellfish growers in Puget Sound, we have used underwater cameras to document nearshore fish (including outmigrating salmonids) and crabs in both shellfish aquaculture and uncultivated nearshore habitats. Subsets of these video data were processed manually to address questions of aquaculture habitat use. Optimization of video processing will enable use of this technology to answer key questions about how fish are utilizing these nearshore habitats. We anticipate that the optimization of video processing will permit us to expand this collaborative, industry-supported data stream to improve our understanding of the ecological function of shellfish aquaculture, as well as inform public perception on the marine ecology surrounding these farms.
Habitat function of shellfish aquaculture ecosystems: developing new technology to understand species use of nearshore habitats	June 2023	Washington is the nation’s leading producer of farmed clams, oysters, and mussels, contributing approximately $184 million to the State economy, supporting over 1,900 jobs, and supplying fresh shellfish to consumers around the globe. With such high cultural, economic, and ecological value, there is substantial demand for growth within the shellfish aquaculture industry. A key impediment to the sustainable expansion of shellfish aquaculture is understanding the ecological implications of converting nearshore habitat to shellfish production. Understanding how shellfish aquaculture functions as nearshore habitat, relative to uncultivated areas, will help resource managers overcome this barrier and assess potential tradeoffs when planning the sustainable expansion of shellfish aquaculture. To better understand the ecological functions of these habitats, we need to examine not only which species are present, but how those species use each habitat. The goal of this study is to quantify the impacts (positive, negative, neutral) of shellfish aquaculture on foraging experiences of fish and crabs. We will collaborate with the National Marine Fisheries Service to examine (1) feeding behavior of these organisms using an extensive dataset of underwater video and (2) their trophic ecology (diets, isotopes) by sampling sites within the Salish Sea. Results from this work will inform decisions about the introduction of aquaculture in a system comprised of a diversity of seascapes and where considerable management attention is invested in conserving species that rely on nearshore waters and their essential habitats.	Washington is the nation’s leading producer of farmed clams, oysters, and mussels, contributing approximately $184 million to the State economy, supporting over 1,900 jobs, and supplying fresh shellfish to consumers around the globe. With such high cultural, economic, and ecological value, there is substantial demand for growth within the shellfish aquaculture industry. A key impediment to the sustainable expansion of shellfish aquaculture is understanding the ecological implications of converting nearshore habitat to shellfish production. Understanding how shellfish aquaculture functions as nearshore habitat, relative to uncultivated areas, will help resource managers overcome this barrier and assess potential tradeoffs when planning the sustainable expansion of shellfish aquaculture. To better understand the ecological functions of these habitats, we need to examine not only which species are present, but how those species use each habitat. The goal of this study is to quantify the impacts (positive, negative, neutral) of shellfish aquaculture on foraging experiences of fish and crabs. We will collaborate with the National Marine Fisheries Service to examine (1) feeding behavior of these organisms using an extensive dataset of underwater video and (2) their trophic ecology (diets, isotopes) by sampling sites within the Salish Sea. Results from this work will inform decisions about the introduction of aquaculture in a system comprised of a diversity of seascapes and where considerable management attention is invested in conserving species that rely on nearshore waters and their essential habitats.
A simulation and case-study comparison of existing and spatio-temporal methods to apportion coastwide catch limits for subregional management	September 2022	The North Pacific Fisheries Management Council (NPFMC) sets Total Allowable Catch (TAC) for all stocks and complexes listed in several Fisheries Management Plans. Currently, harvest regulations occurring for strata within each stock are informed by applying a smoother of available (and often highly uncertain) area-specific survey indices. However, this approach can result in large interannual variability in strata-specific harvest regulations, especially for stocks that are more challenging to survey or surveyed less frequently. In this project, we will investigate multiple alternative approaches to determine apportionment of subregional groundfish harvest in the Gulf of Alaska.	The North Pacific Fisheries Management Council (NPFMC) sets Total Allowable Catch (TAC) for all stocks and complexes listed in several Fisheries Management Plans. Currently, harvest regulations occurring for strata within each stock are informed by applying a smoother of available (and often highly uncertain) area-specific survey indices. However, this approach can result in large interannual variability in strata-specific harvest regulations, especially for stocks that are more challenging to survey or surveyed less frequently. The project is a collaboration with researchers from NOAA Fisheries. We will develop an alternative statistical model for allocating catch quotas for three commercially valuable groundfish species in the Gulf of Alaska.
Monitoring Tufted Puffins in the United States	December 2023	The Tufted Puffin – a seabird of the North Pacific Rim – has evinced steep declines off the west coast of the continental United States in recent years, but it is less clear that the species is declining in the northern portion of its range. Therefore, while the species’ range appears to be contracting, the overall trends in abundance are less clear. Lack of a coordinated monitoring plan across the range reduces the ability to make robust inference about trends and to investigate dynamics that may be driving changes in abundance and distribution. We are partnering with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the University of Puget Sound to develop a monitoring program for the Tufted Puffin in five large marine ecosystems (LME; California Current, Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands, East Bering Sea, North Bering - Chukchi Seas) that considers local sampling situations, and is designed to identify monitoring methods that will allow for robust inference across and within these five LMEs. The project output will be a detailed monitoring strategy for Tufted Puffin that can be implemented by partners across the range in California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska.	The Tufted Puffin – a seabird of the North Pacific Rim – has evinced steep declines off the west coast of the continental United States in recent years, but it is less clear that the species is declining in the northern portion of its range. Therefore, while the species’ range appears to be contracting, the overall trends in abundance are less clear. Lack of a coordinated monitoring plan across the range reduces the ability to make robust inference about trends and to investigate dynamics that may be driving changes in abundance and distribution. We are partnering with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the University of Puget Sound to develop a monitoring program for the Tufted Puffin in five large marine ecosystems (LME; California Current, Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands, East Bering Sea, North Bering - Chukchi Seas) that considers local sampling situations, and is designed to identify monitoring methods that will allow for robust inference across and within these five LMEs. The project output will be a detailed monitoring strategy for Tufted Puffin that can be implemented by partners across the range in California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska.
Improving our tools for combating invasive species	September 2024	Freshwater ecosystems provide a range of important values in the Pacific Northwest, and invasive species represent key threats to those values. Management of invasive species requires managers to effectively allocate limited resources to suppression or eradication, requiring robust information about invasive population structure, distribution, and rate of spread, as well as the efficacy of control actions. Data integration is a powerful statistical approach that is rapidly developing in both theory and application, wherein multiple data streams are brought together through a shared data likelihood. There is a critical need for data integration methods designed to make the best use of available, but often highly variable, data on invasive species for use in effective management models. We are partnering with the USFWS Columbia Pacific Northwest and Pacific Islands Regions, and the University of Washington, to develop broadly applicable data integration and modeling approaches for invasive species, with a focus on two high priority species in the Pacific Northwest: flowering rush (<i>Butomus umbellatus</i>) and rusty crayfish (<i>Faxonius rusticus</i>). This project will inform joint monitoring and management programs for these species, and similar invasive species, in the Pacific Northwest, nationally, and beyond.	Freshwater ecosystems provide a range of important values in the Pacific Northwest, and invasive species represent key threats to those values. Management of invasive species requires managers to effectively allocate limited resources to suppression or eradication, requiring robust information about invasive population structure, distribution, and rate of spread, as well as the efficacy of control actions. Data integration is a powerful statistical approach that is rapidly developing in both theory and application, wherein multiple data streams are brought together through a shared data likelihood. There is a critical need for data integration methods designed to make the best use of available, but often highly variable, data on invasive species for use in effective management models. We are partnering with the USFWS Columbia Pacific Northwest and Pacific Islands Regions, and the University of Washington, to develop broadly applicable data integration and modeling approaches for invasive species, with a focus on two high priority species in the Pacific Northwest: flowering rush (<i>Butomus umbellatus</i>) and rusty crayfish (<i>Faxonius rusticus</i>). This project will inform joint monitoring and management programs for these species, and similar invasive species, in the Pacific Northwest, nationally, and beyond.
Assessing the precision of estimates of population vital rates for polar bears in Alaska	May 2021	Polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus) </i>are a trust species managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and protected under the Endangered Species Act and Marine Mammal Protection Act, and the ability to monitor these animals is key to status assessment and management. Polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) subpopulation occur in areas of increasing Arctic development and rapidly changing habitat conditions, increasing the importance of high-quality monitoring data. We are collaborating with the Applied Physics Laboratory at University of Washington and the USGS Alaska Science Center to complete a power analysis to determine the statistical power to detect changes in survival and abundance under various monitoring designs. Using this information, the U.S. and Canada will be better able to identify cost-effective monitoring approaches for the SBS at a time when sampling the subpopulation is becoming increasingly difficult.	Polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus) </i>are a trust species managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and protected under the Endangered Species Act and Marine Mammal Protection Act, and the ability to monitor these animals is key to status assessment and management. Polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) subpopulation occur in areas of increasing Arctic development and rapidly changing habitat conditions, increasing the importance of high-quality monitoring data. We are collaborating with the Applied Physics Laboratory at University of Washington and the USGS Alaska Science Center to complete a power analysis to determine the statistical power to detect changes in survival and abundance under various monitoring designs. Using this information, the U.S. and Canada will be better able to identify cost-effective monitoring approaches for the SBS at a time when sampling the subpopulation is becoming increasingly difficult.
Population modeling to support conservation of Cook Inlet beluga whales	July 2022	The Cook Inlet Beluga Whale is a federally endangered population with a declining trend and a lack of clarity on the causes of decline. A better understanding of the dynamics of this population is needed to assess hypothesized causes of decline and evaluate potential conservation actions. In collaboration with the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, we are developing an integrated population model for the Cook Inlet Beluga Whale. This model will be used to improve our understanding of the causes of, and potential solutions to, the ongoing decline of this iconic animal.	The Cook Inlet Beluga Whale is a federally endangered population with a declining trend and a lack of clarity on the causes of decline. A better understanding of the dynamics of this population is needed to assess hypothesized causes of decline and evaluate potential conservation actions. In collaboration with the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, we are developing an integrated population model for the Cook Inlet Beluga Whale. This model will be used to improve our understanding of the causes of, and potential solutions to, the ongoing decline of this iconic animal.
Seabird ecology at Tetiaroa, French Polynesia	December 2025	The atoll of Tetiaroa, French Polynesia, is a critical nesting area for several species of seabirds in the South Pacific. Seabirds here and elsewhere around the globe face several threats - including introduced mammalian predators and changing ocean conditions. In collaboration with the Tetiaroa Society, we are working to understand the ecology of seabirds at Tetiaroa, with a focus on how seabirds will respond to eradication of rats from the atoll. This work will inform tropical seabird conservation worldwide.	The atoll of Tetiaroa, French Polynesia, is a critical nesting area for several species of seabirds in the South Pacific. Seabirds here and elsewhere around the globe face several threats - including introduced mammalian predators and changing ocean conditions. In collaboration with the Tetiaroa Society, we are working to understand the ecology of seabirds at Tetiaroa, with a focus on how seabirds will respond to eradication of rats from the atoll. This work will inform tropical seabird conservation worldwide.
Constructing a modeling tool for wolf status review in Washington	August 2022	The gray wolf is protected as an endangered species by the State of Washington. Washington State law requires periodic review of the status of protected species, during which progress toward recovery criteria can be assessed. The purpose of this project is to develop a spatially explicit integrated population model for gray wolves in Washington, making use of a variety of data collected in Washington over the past 12 years. The goal is to build a model that will allow for estimation of demographic rates and dispersal and provide projections of probability of extinction, expected time to recovery, distribution, and abundance under a variety of ecological and management scenarios, developed in collaboration with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. This modeling tool will provide the basis for a status review of gray wolves in Washington.	The gray wolf is protected as an endangered species by the State of Washington. Washington State law requires periodic review of the status of protected species, during which progress toward recovery criteria can be assessed. In collaboration with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, we are developing a spatially explicit population model that can be used to forecast the distribution and viability of Washington's wolf population. This model will be used to inform the periodic status review for wolves in Washington.
Assessing the fish community in the Chehalis River with occupancy models	June 2021	The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) is conducting a project in the Chehalis River of southwest Washington to determine the effects of salmon- and steelhead- focused restoration efforts on other native freshwater fish. The goals of this study are to, 1) define a baseline from which WDFW can monitor changes in native fish occupancy following restoration actions, and 2) describe the relationship between native freshwater fish occupancy and habitat and landscape metrics. WDFW aims to develop a multi-site occupancy model to describe how the fish community is influenced by habitat or landscape metrics. This information will inform the design and location of future restoration projects.	Salmon- and steelhead-focused restoration efforts are common in river systems of the Pacific Northwest, but their effects on overall stream communities are not well understood. Understanding these effects will help managers to target restoration efforts appropriately. This goals of this project are to 1) define a baseline for monitoring changes in native fish occupancy following restoration actions in the Chehalis River Basin of Washington, and 2) describe the relationship between native freshwater fish occupancy and habitat and landscape metrics. This project - a collaboration between the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife - aims to develop a multi-site occupancy model to describe how the fish community is influenced by habitat and landscape metrics. This information will inform the design and location of future restoration projects.
Long-term seabird monitoring data analysis to update Channel Islands National Park seabird inventory and monitoring program and Inform management and conservation	June 2024	Established in 1980, Channel Islands National Park contains essential breeding grounds for at least fourteen seabirds and shorebirds. Seabirds were identified as one of the park’s monitoring Vital Signs to provide critical information about trends in natural resource conditions and a Seabird Monitoring Handbook was created in 1983 to guide priorities and objectives for the Seabird Monitoring Program. This handbook was updated in 1988. Since then, staff turnover and funding gaps have led to an inconsistent effort in monitoring by the park. More recently, the Channel Islands National Park Seabird Biologist, in coordination with the National Park Service's Mediterranean Coast Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, has identified the need to conduct a scientific review of the park’s seabird program. Furthermore, a recent monitoring plan assessment report by Point Blue Conservation Science identified seven focal seabird species plus one shorebird species to be prioritized in an updated monitoring program. The purpose of the project proposed here is to advance Channel Islands National Park's Seabird Monitoring Program by compiling all known digitally available datasets for the eight prioritized species and conducting species-specific in-depth program reviews following NPS guidelines and in coordination with Channel Islands National Park and the National Park Service's Inventory & Monitoring Program.	Established in 1980, California's Channel Islands National Park contains essential breeding grounds for at least fourteen seabirds and shorebirds. These species were collectively identified as one of the Park’s monitoring Vital Signs, but staff turnover and funding gaps have led to inconsistent effort in monitoring. The purpose of this project is to advance Channel Islands National Park's Seabird Monitoring Program by compiling all known datasets for eight prioritized species and conducting species-specific in-depth program and status reviews. This project is a collaboration between the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Channel Islands National Park, and the National Park Service's Inventory & Monitoring Program. The results of the research will inform status reviews and identify threats for seabirds at Channel Islands National Park, and will inform the development of updated monitoring plans to make best use of monitoring funds.
Evaluating sea duck detectability in the Puget Sound winter ambient monitoring program	May 2023	The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife annually conducts a survey to monitor sea ducks in Puget Sound. This survey, the Puget Sound Ambient Monitoring Program, is critical to understanding status and trends of sea ducks on this continentally important wintering area, and also to informing management of the Washington sea duck hunting season. While relative abundance has been available from the survey, a lack of information on detection rates has made estimation of absolute abundance untenable. A 2012 effort led to collection of digital imagery to inform the estimation of detection; such estimates could be used to calculate absolute abundance from the survey. However, a lack of dedicated program staff has complicated efforts to complete the analysis for the 2012 data. The purpose of this project is to complete analysis of these data to produce a correction factor for sea duck detection in the sea duck survey in Puget Sound.	The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife annually conducts a survey to monitor sea ducks in Puget Sound. This survey, the Puget Sound Ambient Monitoring Program, is critical to understanding status and trends of sea ducks on this continentally important wintering area, and also to informing management of the Washington sea duck hunting season. While relative abundance has been available from the survey, a lack of information on detection rates has made estimation of absolute abundance untenable, but a 2012 effort led to collection of digital imagery to inform the estimation of detection. The purpose of this project is to complete analysis of these data to produce a correction factor for sea duck detection. This project is a collaboration between the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Results of the research will inform the design and analysis of the Puget Sound Ambient Monitoring Program to better inform the status of sea ducks in Puget Sound.
Integrated population model for black bears in Maine	May 2021	To assist the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife in developing a cost-efficient monitoring program to inform their black bear management, we are developing an integrated model that estimates spatially explicit population size, movement patterns, and demographic rates of the Maine black bear population. Integrated models (IMs) unite data from multiple sources that are informative about demographic variables. IMs offer several important advantages over analyzing single datasets by themselves. IMs can estimate parameters that are inestimable from single data sets and do so more precisely. Multiple datasets can also overcome biases present in individual datasets, thus leading to more accurate estimates. IMs also can make use of datasets collected for different monitoring purposes at different times and locations, uniting seemingly disparate information to offer multi-scale inference on population patterns. IMs are therefore an efficient way to understand wildlife population dynamics, including survival and recruitment processes by making best use of all available information.	Integrated population models (IPMs) unite data from multiple sources that are informative about demographic variables. IPMs offer several important advantages over analyzing single datasets by themselves: they can estimate parameters that are inestimable from single data sets and do so more precisely, and multiple datasets can overcome biases present in individual datasets, thus leading to more accurate estimates. The goal of this project is to develop an integrated model that estimates spatially explicit population size, movement patterns, and demographic rates for the Maine black bear population. This project is a collaboration between the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, and the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. An integrated modeling framework will lead to identification of a cost-efficient monitoring program to inform Maine's black bear management.
Summarizing current knowledge of the factors influencing juvenile salmonid susceptibility to avian predation in the Columbia River Basin	June 2020	Avian predation has been identified as a factor that limits the survival of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River Basin and addressing predation concerns is a component of Biological Opinions and Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives associated with the management of the Federal Columbia River Power System (NOAA 2008). Over the last two decades, numerous avian predation research, monitoring, and evaluation (RM&E) studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of predation by Caspian terns, double-crested cormorants, and other colonial waterbirds on the survival of Endangered Species Act-listed juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River basin. In this project, we will be collaborating with Real Time Research, Incorporated to summarize results from past studies regarding tern and cormorant nesting ecology, inter-colony movements, dispersal, and predation impacts on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River basin. A specific emphasis of this work is to summarize our current knowledge of the factors influencing juvenile salmonid susceptibly to avian predation in the Columbia River Basin including factors such as fish rear-type (hatchery, wild), run-timing, and size (fork-length).	Avian predation has been identified as a factor that limits the survival of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River Basin and addressing predation concerns is a component of Biological Opinions and associated with the management of the Columbia River power system. Over the last two decades, numerous avian predation research, monitoring, and evaluation studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of predation by Caspian terns, double-crested cormorants, and other colonial waterbirds on the survival of Endangered Species Act-listed juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River. The goal of this project is to summarize results from past studies regarding tern and cormorant nesting ecology, inter-colony movements, dispersal, and predation impacts on juvenile salmonids. The project is a collaboration between the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and Real Time Research, Incorporated. A specific emphasis of this work is to summarize our current knowledge of the factors influencing juvenile salmonid susceptibly to avian predation in the Columbia River Basin including factors such as fish rear-type (hatchery, wild), run-timing, and size.
Integrating data sources to characterize demographic responses of Columbia River salmon and steelhead to threats and management actions	May 2023	Much of the historical abundance and diversity of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (O. mykiss) have been lost in the Interior Columbia River, which led to the listing of many populations under the Endangered Species Act. Recovery goals have not been achieved despite substantial efforts, and there is a need to better understand the effect of various threats and ecosystem drivers on population dynamics. Three factors are of particularly high interest: 1) the effect of the quality of freshwater habitats used for egg incubation and juvenile rearing; 2) the effect of broad-scale ocean conditions on marine survival; and 3) the effect of predation by marine mammals. To characterize how these factors affect population viability, we will develop an integrated population modeling framework for spring-summer Chinook salmon by combining count and mark-recapture data. In this approach, data streams related to survival or productivity will be integrated with data streams related to abundance to estimate demographic parameters with greater statistical precision and less bias than would otherwise be possible. These models will use previously collected data to characterize the role of freshwater habitat, ocean conditions, and marine mammal predation on the abundance, productivity, diversity, and viability of salmon and steelhead populations in the Interior Columbia River. This research will facilitate evaluation of the benefits of past habitat restoration actions, will support decisions about future actions, and will provide an assessment of population viability.	Much of the historical abundance and diversity of Chinook salmon and steelhead trout have been lost in the Columbia River Basin, which led to the listing of many populations under the Endangered Species Act. Recovery goals have not been achieved despite substantial efforts, and there is a need to better understand the effects of various threats and ecosystem drivers on population dynamics. Three factors are of particularly high interest: 1) the effect of the quality of freshwater habitats used for egg incubation and juvenile rearing; 2) the effect of broad-scale ocean conditions on marine survival; and 3) the effect of predation by marine mammals. The goal of this project is the development of an integrated population modeling framework for spring-summer Chinook salmon, built by combining count and mark-recapture data, and designed to allow for evaluation of the effects of management and threats on Chinook salmon. This project is a collaboration between the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Yakama Nation. The resulting model will facilitate evaluation of the benefits of past habitat restoration actions, will support decisions about future actions, and will provide an assessment of population viability.
Evaluating and mitigating the effects of brown treesnakes on Guam's birds	June 2024	The brown treesnake is an invasive species on the island of Guam and is responsible for the local extinction of much of Guam’s avifauna. Control of brown treesnakes is critical to conservation of the remaining native fauna and to the eventual reintroduction of many native species. Monitoring of brown treesnake populations will be key to informing control and reintroduction activities. Refinement of field and statistical methodologies is needed to provide information on brown treesnake populations, and this information needs to be fit within system models to inform both control and reintroduction activities. The U.S. Geological Survey Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit plans to undertake a multi-year collaboration with the U.S. Navy on Guam, in addition to the U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center, and U.S. Department of Agriculture APHIS Wildlife Services, to develop methods for monitoring brown treesnakes and to fit that information within management models to inform both brown treeesnake control activities and reintroduction of native fauna.	The brown treesnake is an invasive species on the island of Guam and is responsible for the extinction of much of Guam’s avifauna. Control of brown treesnakes is critical to conservation of the remaining native fauna and to the eventual reintroduction of many native species. Refinement of field and statistical methodologies is needed to provide information on brown treesnake populations, and this information needs to be fit within system models to inform both control and reintroduction activities. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, in collaboration with the Department of Defense, the USGS Fort Collins Science Center, and USDA Wildlife Services, are working to develop methods for monitoring brown treesnakes and to fit that information within management models to inform both brown treeesnake control and reintroduction of native fauna. Results of this work will inform ongoing monitoring and management efforts targeted at restoring Guam's fauna and reducing the economic and ecological damage caused by brown treesnakes.
Integrated abundance and movement models for marine mammals	March 2021	Capture-recapture and telemetry methods are frequently used to evaluate marine mammal density, habitat use, and movement, providing important information on sustainable harvest, the effects of a warming environment, and spatial and temporal overlap with commercial fisheries. In general, capture-recapture methods provide population-level demographic parameters, while telemetry methods provide individual level information on habitat use, movement, and behavior. Although the two approaches share information on population dynamics, the resulting data are generally analyzed separately, which can lead to inefficient estimators and substantial bias. We propose development of a framework for integrating spatial capture–recapture (SCR) and telemetry data to simultaneously estimate density, habitat use, and movement of marine mammals. Integrated SCR telemetry models have the potential to (1) address shortcomings of traditional capture-recapture methods; (2) allow estimation of abundance, density, movement, dispersal, and habitat selection using all available data; and (3) be applied across a variety of study designs used for marine mammal monitoring. We propose to develop SCR-telemetry models using capture-recapture and telemetry data for polar bears in the Chukchi Sea during the period 2008 – 2016. We also propose to use simulation methods to evaluate the performance of SCR-telemetry models and provide monitoring design recommendations of broad applicability to polar bears and other marine mammals. Improved monitoring methods are critical to obtaining accurate information on polar bear abundance and distribution, which is needed for management and conservation under national laws and international agreements, and SCR-telemetry methods show great promise for providing that information. More broadly, SCR-telemetry models provide researchers and managers with a framework to integrate multiple data types – including data from<br>emerging technologies (e.g., satellite tags, acoustic sampling, autonomous drones) – to improve the accuracy and efficiency of marine mammal monitoring programs across the Arctic.	There is an increasing need to identify population- and individual-level responses to rapid physical and biological changes in Arctic marine ecosystems. For Arctic marine mammals that range over large areas, reliable and efficient methods to estimate movement and demographic parameters are vital to evaluating ecosystem-level changes, population status, and subsistence harvest, and minimizing conflicts with humans and resource development. Advanced statistical models that accommodate the particular challenges of studying wide-ranging marine mammals are needed. This project is a collaboration between researchers at the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the US Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory. The goal of the work is to provide recommendations to management agencies such as the US Fish and Wildlife Service regarding data collection and analysis methods to improve knowledge of marine mammal, particularly polar bear, demography.
Restoration tools for Oregon silverspot butterfly	September 2020	USFWS plans to reestablish populations of the severely endangered Oregon silverspot butterfly on two National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) in Oregon and Washington. Maintaining suitable habitat for Oregon silverspot is challenging. Oregon silverspot larvae need high densities of their host plant, early blue violet to develop into adult butterflies and the violets are an early successional species that is outcompeted by invasive plants. The project goal is to support refuge managers in deciding whether two selective herbicides should be used to maintain native prairie in the presence of Oregon silverspot. As part of the project, laboratory research will be conducted, and a management model will be developed to inform managers of the impacts of treatment with herbicides on Oregon silverspot viability.	The severely endangered Oregon silverspot butterfly is slated for reintroduction on two National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) in Oregon and Washington, but maintaining suitable habitat for the Oregon silverspot post-reintroduction is challenging. Oregon silverspot larvae need high densities of their host plant, early blue violet, to develop into adult butterflies, and the violets are an early successional species that is outcompeted by invasive plants. The goal of this project is to support refuge managers in deciding whether two selective herbicides should be used to maintain native prairie in the presence of Oregon silverspot. This project is a collaboration between the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Washington State University, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. As part of the project, laboratory research will be conducted, and a management model will be developed to inform managers of the impacts of treatment with herbicides on Oregon silverspot viability.
Understanding common loon distribution and abundance in Washington	December 2019	The Common Loon (Gavia immer) is a State Species of Concern in Washington. The species was once thought to be fairly common in both eastern and western Washington, but likely declined in the early decades of the 20th Century. Planning conservation efforts for the species is complicated by lack of information on the abundance and distribution of the species in Washington. <br><br>With this project, we aim to provide the State of Washington with information necessary to conduct effective, efficient, and affordable surveys for the species in the State. The project will involve 3 components: 1) understanding factors influencing site occupancy of loons in the State, based on existing State survey data as well as citizen science (eBird) data; 2) pilot testing a drone-based sampling method to determine detection probabilities as a function of effort; and 3) using information from components 1 and 2 to design a sampling strategy (including sampling methods and strata) and conduct a simulation study that will describe expected precision in occupancy estimates as a function of sampling effort and spatial coverage.	The Common Loon is a State Species of Concern in Washington. The species was once thought to be fairly common in both eastern and western Washington, but likely declined in the early decades of the 20th Century. Planning conservation efforts for the species is complicated by lack of information on the abundance and distribution of the species in Washington. The goals of this project are to: 1) understand the factors influencing site occupancy of loons in Washington, based on existing state survey data as well as citizen science (eBird) data; and 2) design a sampling strategy and conduct a simulation study that will describe expected precision in occupancy estimates as a function of sampling effort and spatial coverage. Improved information on distribution of common loons, along with study design recommendations to improve data in future, will produce more robust information to guide status assessment and recovery of Common Loons in Washington.
Dynamics and Distribution of black abalone populations at San Nicolas Island, California USA	December 2017	To be added	None
Interactions of geoduck clam aquaculture operations with intertidal ecosystems in southern Puget Sound, Washington USA	December 2017	Interactions of geoduck clam aquaculture operations with intertidal ecosystems in southern Puget Sound, Washington USA	Interactions of geoduck clam aquaculture operations with intertidal ecosystems in southern Puget Sound, Washington USA
Yakima Basin Reservoir Food Webs	September 2015	The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBOR) and the Washington State Department of Ecology (WSDOE), through the Office of Columbia River, worked with the Yakima River Basin Water Enhancement Workgroup to develop an integrated water resource management plan designed to balance irrigation, recreation, and conservation needs in the Yakima River Basin, Washington (USBOR and WSDOE 2012). To meet these objectives, the integrated plan proposed numerous alterations to the structure and operation of existing reservoirs and dams within the basin. Three individual projects identified in the integrated plan are currently undergoing project-level environmental review. These include: (1) the Kachess Drought Relief Pumping Plant (KDRPP), (2) the Keechelus-to-Kachess Conveyance (KKC), and (3) the Cle Elum Pool Raise. How these proposed water management alterations might impact food web structure and populations of sensitive species (i.e., bull trout Salvelinus confluentus) within these reservoirs remains a key uncertainty for the environmental review process. However, before potential impacts can be identified and assessed, a contemporary understanding of the food web structure of these reservoirs is needed. Information on the physical and biological characteristics of Kachess and Keechelus Reservoirs is most limited. The purpose of this study was to synthesize existing information with new data to fill key knowledge gaps regarding the physical environment, food web structure, and predator–prey interactions in Kachess and Keechelus Reservoirs as they relate to supporting the production of bull trout. This information will (1) help identify important trophic pathways (i.e., pelagic vs. benthic production) supporting adult bull trout in these reservoirs, (2) provide key baseline data needed to consider the suitability of these reservoirs as potential rearing habitats and migratory corridors for reintroduced anadromous salmonids, and (3) aid in the project-level environmental review for KDRPP and KKC.	None
Quantifying Pelagic Food Web interactions in Lake Tahoe-In search of a niche for re-introduction of Lahontan Cutthroat trout	September 2015	Despite past research on trophic relationships within Lake Tahoe, important information gaps remain concerning temporal-spatial interactions among pelagic fishes and invertebrates, especially with respect to how these interactions might influence the re-introduction of Lahontan cutthroat trout into the lake. We focused on identifying and quantifying the key pelagic food web interactions related to kokanee, other planktivorous fishes, mysids, and zooplankton to synthesize with previous data on predator-prey interactions with lake trout, in order to improve our understanding about the contemporary food web. This analysis supported hypotheses regarding the important trophic role of mysids as a predator regulating crustacean zooplankton, a competitor limiting growth and production of kokanee, and as an essential energy source supporting the predatory lake trout population. Thermal stratification mediates the spatial-temporal distribution and overlap of predators, prey, and competitors and thus can potentially influence the timing and magnitude of trophic interactions among key pelagic fish and invertebrates.	None
Abundance and Impact of predators on sockeye salmon in Lake Washington	June 2015	The Lake Washington fishery for sockeye salmon is an important recreational fishery in a large urban lake alongside Seattle. The fishery has been closed since 2006 due to insufficient spawning escapement by returning adult sockeye. Currently 94% to 99% of juvenile sockeye that enter the lake as do not survive to the presmolt stage in Lake Washington one year later. Previous studies have shown that predation by Cutthroat trout and Northern Pikeminnow could conceivably account for nearly all of the lake-phase mortality of juvenile sockeye, depending on the abundance and size structure of the predator populations in the lake. In addition, the populations of juvenile salmon and alternative prey (Longfin Smelt and Threespine Sticklebacks) potentially influence the variability in seasonal and annual predation mortality imposed on juvenile Sockeye Salmon. In order to properly assess the predatory impacts of coastal cutthroat trout and northern pikeminnow on juvenile Sockeye Salmon the study will accomplish the following two objectives: 1) estimate the abundance of previously identified important predators of juvenile sockeye in the lake (coastal cutthroat trout and northern pikeminnow), and to 2) quantify their predation on juvenile sockeye.	None
Upper Lewis River reservoir Food Webs & Anadromous salmon introductions	September 2015	Re-introduction of anadromous salmonids above previously impassable dams is becoming an increasingly common mitigation strategy in the Pacific Northwest. The reservoirs impounded by these dams create novel habitats that juvenile salmonids can use for rearing and migration corridors. Therefore, understanding how environmental conditions, seasonal food supply, competition, and predation influence potential growth and survival of juvenile salmonids will be important when evaluating the feasibility of proposed re-introductions above historically impassable dams. Temperature, food availability, and predation risk form vertical gradients determining growth and survival for fish in lakes and reservoirs. These gradients change on inter-annual, seasonal, and diel temporal scales and are strongly influenced by climatic variability, conflicting water demands and management. Temperatures associated with optimal growth and energy loss vary both among life stages and species, but the quantity, quality, and spatial distribution of available food resources can significantly alter these thermal responses. By combining data or projections of thermal stratification regimes with the vertical distribution of prey and bioenergetic capabilities of species and life stages of fish, we can formulate predictions about spatial-temporal overlap among prey, competitors and predators. When overlaid on life history requirements, we can identify potential bottlenecks to growth or survival and evaluate responses to climatic variability, water management, or new species.	None
Puget Sound Marine Survival-LLTK	June 2016	Size-selective mortality (SSM) is a significant force regulating recruitment of salmon. The life stage(s) and habitat(s) when and where SSM occurs can vary considerably among species, stocks, and life history strategies. Moreover, the relationship between size, growth, and condition in freshwater and marine life stages to overall life cycle survival is unclear for most stocks of salmon. The first months of marine growth are commonly regarded as a critical period for growth and survival. For ESA-listed Puget Sound Chinook salmon, an emergent result has been: 1) at least one of the critical growth periods occur during early summer rearing in epi-pelagic marine habitats; 2) that growth is limited mostly by food supply rather than by energetic quality of the diet or thermal regime; 3) higher growth and survival correspond with higher contributions of key prey like crab larvae. Linking stage-specific growth performance and SSM offers a promising avenue for diagnosing the primary factors that affect growth and survival. The timing and relative magnitude of SSM can be determined by serial sampling of size distributions over a progression of life stages using both direct measurements of body size and back-calculated estimates from scales. Disproportionate reductions in the contribution of smaller members to subsequent life stages, especially to adult returns, can be used to determine the timing and magnitude of SSM and identify critical periods of growth and survival. We can then diagnose which factors most affect growth during critical periods through bioenergetics modeling simulations that are linked to directed sampling of diet, growth and environmental conditions. This approach could potentially improve run forecasting and focus restoration efforts.	None
Puget Sound Marine Survival-Size-selective mortality and critical growth periods for juvenile Chinook & Coho	January 2016	Size-selective mortality (SSM) is a significant force regulating recruitment of salmon. The life stage(s) and habitat(s) when and where SSM occurs can vary considerably among species, stocks, and life history strategies. Moreover, the relationship between size, growth, and condition in freshwater and marine life stages to overall life cycle survival is unclear for most stocks of salmon. The first months of marine growth are commonly regarded as a critical period for growth and survival. For ESA-listed Puget Sound Chinook salmon, an emergent result has been: 1) at least one of the critical growth periods occur during early summer rearing in epi-pelagic marine habitats; 2) that growth is limited mostly by food supply rather than by energetic quality of the diet or thermal regime; 3) higher growth and survival correspond with higher contributions of key prey like crab larvae. Linking stage-specific growth performance and SSM offers a promising avenue for diagnosing the primary factors that affect growth and survival. The timing and relative magnitude of SSM can be determined by serial sampling of size distributions over a progression of life stages using both direct measurements of body size and back-calculated estimates from scales. Disproportionate reductions in the contribution of smaller members to subsequent life stages, especially to adult returns, can be used to determine the timing and magnitude of SSM and identify critical periods of growth and survival. We can then diagnose which factors most affect growth during critical periods through bioenergetics modeling simulations that are linked to directed sampling of diet, growth and environmental conditions. This approach could potentially improve run forecasting and focus restoration efforts.	None

Research Publications

Research Publications	Publication Date
Zerbini, A. N., A. Andriolo, M. P. Heide-J�rgensen, J. L. Pizzorno, Y. G. Maia, G. R. VanBlaricom, D. P. DeMaster, P. C. Sim�es-Lopes, S. Moreira, and C. Bethlem. 2006. Satellite-monitored movements of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 313: 295-304	May 2006
Zerbini, A. N., A. Andriolo, M. P. Heide-Jorgensen, S. C. Moreira, J. L. Pizzorno, Y. G. Maia, G. R. VanBlaricom, and D. P. DeMaster. 2011. Migration and summer destinations of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the western South Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management Special Issue 3: 113-118	December 2011
Zerbini, A. N., A. Andriolo, M. P. Heide-J?rgensen, J. L. Pizzorno, Y. G. Maia, G. R. VanBlaricom, D. P. DeMaster, P. C. Sim?es-Lopes, S. Moreira, and C. Bethlem. 2006. Satellite-monitored movements of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 313: 295-304	May 2006
Zerbini, A. N., A. Andriolo, J. da Rocha, P. C. Simoes-Lopes, S. Siciliano, J. L. Pizzorno, J. M. Waite, D. P. DeMaster, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2004. Winter distribution and abundance of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) off Northeastern Brazil. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 6: 101-107.	June 2004
Yahnke, A. A. Troiano, J.M. Grassley, C.E Grue, and M.P. Hayes. 2012. Effects of imazapyr tank mixes on juvenile Oregon spotted frogs. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 32:228-235.	October 2013
Yackel Adams AA, NJ Hostetter, WA Link, and SJ Converse. 2024. Identifying Pareto-efficient eradication strategies for invasive populations. Conservation Letters: e13051.	September 2024
Womble, J. M., M. F. Willson, M. F. Sigler, B. P. Kelly, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2005. Distribution of Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus in relation to spring-spawning fish species in southeastern Alaska. Marine Ecology Progress Series 294: 271-282.	June 2005
West L, K Rafiq, SJ Converse, AM Wilson, NR Jordan, KA Golabek, JW McNutt, and B Abrahms. 2024. Droughts reshape apex predator space use and intraguild overlap. Journal of Animal Ecology 93:1785-1798.	October 2024
Webster AJ, Douglas TA, Regier P, Scheuerell MD, Harms TK. Multi-scale temporal patterns in stream biogeochemistry indicate linked permafrost and ecological dynamics of boreal catchments. Ecosystems 25: 1189–1206 \| Abstract	October 2021	Temporal patterns in stream chemistry provide integrated signals describing the hydrological and ecological state of whole catchments. However, stream chemistry integrates multi-scale signals of processes occurring in both the catchment and stream. Deconvoluting these signals could identify mechanisms of solute transport and transformation and provide a basis for monitoring ecosystem change. We applied trend analysis, wavelet decomposition, multivariate autoregressive state-space modeling, and analysis of concentration-discharge relationships to assess temporal patterns in high-frequency (15 min) stream chemistry from permafrost-influenced boreal catchments in Interior Alaska at diel, storm, and seasonal time scales. We compared catchments that varied in spatial extent of permafrost and fire history to identify biogeochemical signals characteristic of these regimes. An unburned catchment with high spatial extent (54%) of permafrost was characterized by increasing nitrate concentration through the thaw season, an abrupt increase in nitrate and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) and declining specific conductivity in late summer, and flushing of nitrate and fDOM during summer rain storms. In contrast, these patterns were absent, of lower magnitude, or reversed in catchments with lower permafrost extent (<19%) and recent fire. Solute dynamics revealed a positive influence of permafrost on fDOM export and the role of shallow, seasonally dynamic flowpaths in delivering solutes from high-permafrost catchments to streams. Lower spatial extent of permafrost resulted in static delivery of nitrate and limited transport of fDOM to streams. Shifts in concentration-discharge relationships and seasonal trends in stream chemistry toward less temporally dynamic patterns might therefore indicate reorganized catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry due to permafrost thaw.
Warlick, AJ, Johnson, D., Gelatt, T., Converse, SJ. 2022. Environmental drivers of demography and potential factors limiting the recovery of an endangered marine top predator. Ecosphere 13:e4325. \| Abstract	December 2022	Understanding what drives changes in wildlife demography over time is fundamental to the conservation and management of depleted or declining populations, though making inference about the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence survival and reproduction is challenging as they can change over time and space. Here we use almost 20 years of mark-resight data from 2000-2018 to examine the effects of environmental variability on age-specific survival and natality for the endangered western distinct population segment of Steller sea lions (<i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>) in Alaska, USA. Though this population has been studied extensively over the last four decades, the causes of divergent abundance trends that have been observed across the range of this population remain unknown. We developed a Bayesian multi-event mark-resight model that accounts for female reproductive state uncertainty. Results indicated that survival rates for male pups (0.44; 0.36-0.53), female yearlings (0.63; 0.49-0.73), and male yearlings (0.62; 0.51-0.71) born in the western portion of the range, estimated here for the first time, were lower than those estimated for male pups (0.69; 0.65-0.74), female yearlings (0.76; 0.71-0.81), and male yearlings (0.71; 0.65-0.78) born in the eastern portion of the range. Additionally, pup mass had a positive effect on pup survival in the eastern portion of the range and a negative effect in the western portion of the range. Local and basin-scale oceanographic features such as the Aleutian Low, the Arctic Oscillation Index, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, chlorophyll concentration, upwelling, and wind in certain seasons exhibited correlations with vital rates. However, strong inference is challenging given that relationships between ocean conditions and an adaptive top predator in a highly dynamic ecosystem are exceedingly complex. This study provides the first demographic rate estimates for the western portion of the population range where abundance estimates continue to decline. This work can inform ongoing research and management and will advance efforts to identify factors driving regionally divergent abundance trends with implications for population-level responses to future climate variability.
Warlick AJ, GK Himes Boor, TL McGuire, KEW Shelden, EK Jacobson, C Boyd, PR Wade, AE Punt, SJ Converse. 2024. Identifying demographic and environmental drivers of population dynamics and viability in an endangered top predator using an integrated model. Animal Conservation 27:240-252. \| Abstract	April 2024	Knowledge about the demographic and environmental factors underlying population dynamics is fundamental to designing effective conservation measures to recover depleted wildlife populations. However, sparse monitoring data or persistent knowledge gaps about threats make it difficult to identify the drivers of population dynamics. In situations where small, depleted populations show continued evidence of decline for unknown reasons, integrated population models can improve our understanding of demography, provide fundamental insights into factors that may be limiting recovery, and support conservation decisions. We used mark-resight and aerial survey data from 2004-2018 to build an integrated population model for the Cook Inlet population of beluga whales (<i>Delphinapterus leucas</i>), which is listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We examined the relationships between beluga vital rates and prey availability and environmental conditions and conducted a population viability analysis to predict extinction risk across a range of hypothetical changes in beluga survival and reproduction. Our results indicated that while survival of breeding females (0.97; 95% CrI 0.95-0.99) and young calves (0.92; 0.80-0.98) was relatively high, survival of non-breeders (0.94; 0.91-0.97) and fecundity (0.27; 0.21-0.35) may be depressed. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that if vital rates and environmental variability remain similar to estimates from the latter part of the study period, the population will likely continue to decline, with a 19-32% probability of extinction in 150 years. Our model framework highlights the utility of integrated population modeling for identifying factors contributing to the failure of protected populations to recover.
Warlick AJ, DS Johnson, KL Sweeney, TS Gelatt, and SJ Converse. 2023. Examining the effect of environmental variability on the viability of endangered Steller sea lions using an integrated population model. Endangered Species Research 52:343-361.	December 2023
Ward EJ, Marshall KN, Scheuerell MD. Regularizing priors for Bayesian VAR applications to large ecological datasets. PeerJ \| Abstract	December 2022	Using multi-species time series data has long been of interest for estimating inter-specific interactions with vector autoregressive models (VAR) and state space VAR models (VARSS); these methods are also described in the ecological literature as multivariate autoregressive models (MAR, MARSS). To date, most studies have used these approaches on relatively small food webs where the total number of interactions to be estimated is relatively small. However, as the number of species or functional groups increases, the length of the time series must also increase to provide enough degrees of freedom with which to estimate the pairwise interactions. To address this issue, we use Bayesian methods to explore the potential benefits of using regularized priors , such as Laplace and regularized horseshoe, on estimating interspecific interactions with VAR and VARSS models. We first perform a large-scale simulation study, examining the performance of alternative priors across various levels of observation error. Results from these simulations show that for sparse matrices, the regularized horseshoe prior minimizes the bias and variance across all inter-specific interactions. We then apply the Bayesian VAR model with regularized priors to a output from a large marine food web model (37 species) from the west coast of the USA. Results from this analysis indicate that regularization improves predictive performance of the VAR model, while still identifying important inter-specific interactions.
Wade, P. R., V. N. Burkanov, M. E. Dahlheim, N. A. Friday, L. W. Fritz, T. R. Loughlin, S. A. Mizroch, M. M. Muto, D. W. Rice, L. G. Barrett-Lennard, N. A. Black, A. M. Burdin, J. Calambokidis, S. Cerchio, J. K. B. Ford, J. K. Jacobsen, C. O. Matkin, D. R. Matkin, A. V. Mehta, R. J. Small, J. M. Straley, S. M. McCluskey, G. R. VanBlaricom, and P. J. Clapham. 2007. Killer whales and marine mammal trends in the North Pacific ? a re-examination of evidence for sequential megafaunal collapse and the prey-switching hypothesis. Marine Mammal Science 23: 766-802.	October 2007
Volski, L., McInturff, A., Gaynor, K. M., Yovovich, V., & Brashares, J. S. (2021). Social Effectiveness and Human-Wildlife Conflict: Linking the Ecological Effectiveness and Social Acceptability of Livestock Protection Tools. Frontiers in Conservation Science, 42. \| Abstract	August 2021	Human-wildlife interactions are embedded within socio-ecological systems (SES), in which animal behavior and human decision-making reciprocally interact. While a growing body of research addresses specific social and ecological elements of human-wildlife interactions, including conflicts, integrating these approaches is essential for identifying practical and effective solutions. Carnivore predation on livestock can threaten human livelihoods, weaken relationships among stakeholders, and precipitate carnivore declines. As carnivores have received greater protection in recent decades, researchers and managers have sought non-lethal tools to reduce predation and promote coexistence between livestock producers and carnivores. For these tools to be successful, they must effectively deter carnivores, and they must also be adopted by producers. Relatively few studies examine the practical and context-specific effectiveness of non-lethal tools, and even fewer simultaneously consider their social acceptability among producers. To address this gap, we suggest that a tool's ecological effectiveness and social acceptability be analyzed concurrently to determine its <i>social effectiveness</i>. We thus paired an experimental study of a carnivore predation deterrent called Foxlights<sup>®</sup> with qualitative interviews of livestock producers in Northern California. We placed camera traps in sheep pastures to measure the response of coyotes (<i>Canis latrans</i>) to experimentally deployed Foxlights and interviewed livestock producers before and after the experiment. Our experiment revealed weak evidence for reducing coyote activity with Foxlights, but interviews revealed that the potential adoption of tools had as much to do with their social acceptability and implementation feasibility as with evidence-based measurements of tool effectiveness. Interviewees viewed Foxlights as potentially effective components of husbandry systems, despite the data suggesting otherwise, demonstrating that scientific reductionism may lag behind producer practices of systems-thinking and that isolated demonstrations of a tool's ecological effectiveness do not drive tool adoption. Future empirical tests of non-lethal tools should better consider producers' perspectives and acknowledge that data-based tests of ecological effectiveness alone have a limited place in producer decision-making. Iteratively working with producers can build trust in scientific outputs through the research process itself.
Vogel, J. L., and D. A. Beauchamp. 1999. Effects of light, prey size, and turbidity on reaction distances of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to salmonid prey. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56:1293-1297.	November 1999
Vigliano, P.H., D.A. Beauchamp, D. Milano, P. Macchi, M. Alonso, M. Garcia Asorey, M. Denegri, J. Ciancio, M. Rechencq, G. Lippolt, and J.P. Barriga. 2009. Quantifying predation on galaxiids and other native organisms by introduced rainbow trout in an ultraoligotrophic lake in Northern Patagonia, Argentina: A bioenergetics modeling approach. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:1405-1419.	October 2009
Veggerby K, Scheuerell MD, Sanderson B, Kiffney P. Stable isotopes reveal intertidal fish and crabs use bivalve farms as foraging habitat in Puget Sound, Washington. \| Abstract	January 2024	Bivalves such as oysters and clams have been farmed in the Puget Sound region of the Salish Sea for thousands of years. Indigenous peoples have traditionally used systems called clam gardens to modify stretches of shoreline habitat to create ideal conditions for edible bivalves. More recently, oysters, clams, and other bivalves have been grown by both First Nation and non-First Nation farmers using a variety of gear types in intertidal zones across Puget Sound and the coast of Washington. These gear types create complex vertical structure and attachment points for aquatic epiphytes and invertebrates which increases habitat structural complexity, but may alter eelgrass cover in areas where bivalve farms and eelgrass meadows overlap. Eelgrass meadows are highly productive and ecologically foundational nearshore habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services including sediment deposition and stabilization, and the provision of nursery, refuge, and foraging habitat throughout much of the Puget Sound. Eelgrass meadows overlap with bivalve farming activities across many intertidal areas of Washington State. Many nearshore species of fish and crab inhabit both bivalve farm and eelgrass habitats, but how they are using the farm habitat and the importance of bivalve farm habitat for foraging and predator refuge relative to unfarmed eelgrass meadows is unclear. We used stable isotope mixing models to estimate, for several species of nearshore fish and crab in two areas of North Puget Sound, Washington, the percent diet originating from eelgrass meadows, pelagic planktonic sources, and oyster farm habitats. Our results indicate that several species of nearshore fish derive a significant proportion of their diets from farm areas, while others derive most of their diets from eelgrass habitat or planktonic sources. The results indicate that foraging habitat uses are species specific, and that modifying habitat will likely change both species composition and species usage of an area. Having an adequate amount of habitat diversity is needed to support the community of fishes and invertebrates that inhabit these intertidal areas.
Veggerby K, Scheuerell MD, Sanderson B, Kiffney P, Ferriss B. Shellfish aquaculture farms as foraging habitat for nearshore fishes and crabs.	March 2024
VanBlaricom, G.R., T.F. Belting, and L.H. Triggs. 2015. Sea otters in captivity: Applications and implications of husbandry development, public display, scientific research and management, and rescue and rehabilitation for sea otter conservation. Pages 197-234 in S.E. Larson, J.L. Bodkin, and G.R. VanBlaricom (editors). Sea otter conservation. Academic Press, Waltham, Massachusetts USA. 447 pages. \| Abstract	January 2015	Studies of sea otters in captivity began in 1932, producing important insights for conservation. Soviet (initiated in 1932) and United States (1951) studies provided information on captive otter husbandry, setting the stage for eventual large-scale translocations as tools for population restoration. Early studies also informed effective housing of animals in zoos and aquaria, with sea otters first publicly displayed in 1954. Surveys credited displayed otters in convincing the public of conservation values. After early studies, initial scientific data for captive sea otters in aquaria came from work initiated in 1956, and from dedicated research facilities beginning in 1968. Significant achievements have been made in studies of behavior, physiology, reproduction, and high-priority management issues. Larger-scale projects involving translocation and oil spill response provided extensive insights into stress reactions, water quality issues in captivity, and effects of oil spills.
VanBlaricom, G.R., L.R. Gerber, and R.L. Brownell, Jr. 2013. Extinctions of marine mammals. Pages 64-93 in volume 5 of S.A. Levin (editor). Encyclopedia of biodiversity (second edition) Elsevier, Amsterdam.	February 2013
VanBlaricom, G.R., J.L. Ruediger, C.S. Friedman, D.D. Woodard, and R.P. Hedrick. 1993. Discovery of withering syndrome among black abalone populations at San Nicolas Island, California. Journal of Shellfish Research 12: 185-188.	January 1993
VanBlaricom, G.R., J.L. Eccles, J.D. Olden, and P.S. McDonald. 2015. Ecological effects of the harvest phase of geoduck clam (Panopea generosa Gould, 1850) aquaculture on infaunal communities in southern Puget Sound, Washington USA. Journal of Shellfish Research 34: 171-187.	March 2015
VanBlaricom, G.R., B.M. Blaud, and C.S. Friedman. 2012. Disease-induced fluctuations in endangered black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) populations over a 32-year time span at San Nicolas Island, California, USA, with implications for reproductive potential. Abstract. Journal of Shellfish Research 31: 355.	April 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R., A.W.E. Galloway, K.C. McPeek, J.L. Price, J.R. Cordell, M.N. Dethier, D.A. Armstrong, and P.S. McDonald. 2012. Effects of predator exclusion structures as agents of ecological disturbance to infaunal communities in geoduck clam aquaculture plots in southern Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Abstract. Journal of Shellfish Research 31: 355.	April 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R. Bowhead whale. In The World Book Encyclopedia. 2010 edition. World Book, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA.	January 2010
VanBlaricom, G.R. 2015. Synopsis of the history of sea otter conservation in the United States. Pages 395-434 in S.E. Larson, J.L. Bodkin, and G.R. VanBlaricom (editors). Sea otter conservation. Academic Press, Waltham, Massachusetts USA. 447 pages. \| Abstract	January 2015	In the late 1860s, declining US sea otter populations elicited concern because of prior excessive harvests. Congress mandated protection of Alaskan sea otters in 1868, but hunting continued unrestrained. The Fur Seal Treaty of 1911 (abrogated in 1941) protected sea otters in international waters, but was not applicable to most sea otter habitats and failed to terminate all legal sea otter harvests. Between 1941 and 1972 only the State of California was consistently engaged in sea otter conservation, based on a 1913 state law. Trends in cultural values toward protection of species based on imperiled status rather than economics led to the Marine Mammal Protection Act (1972), giving sea otters unambiguous protection in all US territorial waters. Sea otter habitat protection by the US government began in the 1890s. State marine protected areas potentially support sea otter conservation, particularly when paired with adjacent federal protected entities in or near sea otter habitat.
VanBlaricom, G. R., L. R. Gerber, and R. L. Brownell, Jr. 2001. Extinctions of marine mammals. Pages 37-69 in S. A. Levin (editor). Encyclopedia of biodiversity, volume 4. Academic Press, San Diego, California	January 2001
VanBlaricom, G. R., J. A. Ames, M. D. Harris, and R. A. Hardy. 2001. Sea otter. Pages 536-540 in W. S. Leet, C. M. Dewees, R. Klingbeil, and E. J. Larson (editors). California's marine living resources: A status report. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California.	December 2001
VanBlaricom, G. R. 2001. Book Review: "Biology of Marine Mammals", edited by J. E. Reynolds III and S. E. Rommel. Marine Mammal Science 17: 202-205	January 2001
VanBlaricom, G. R. 1996. Saving the sea otter population in California: Contemporary problems and future pitfalls. Endangered Species Update 13 (12): 85-91.	December 1996
VanBlaricom, G. R. 1995. Book review: "Killer Whales", by J. K. B. Ford, G. M. Ellis, and K. C. Balcomb. Northwest Science 69: 79-80.	January 1995
VanBlaricom, G. R. 1993. Dynamics and distribution of black abalone populations at San Nicolas Island. Pages 323-334 in F. G. Hochberg (editor). Third California Islands Symposium: Recent Advances in research on the California Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California.	September 1993
Todd Zaragoza MI, AJ DuVall, JA Howard, DM Mazurkiewicz, and SJ Converse. 2023. Laying sequence and oceanographic factors affect egg size in Scripps's Murrelets Synthliboramphus scrippsi at Santa Barbara Island. Marine Ornithology 51:1-9.	April 2023
Thurner SD, SJ Converse, and TA Branch. 2021. Modeling opportunistic exploitation: increased extinction risk when targeting more than one species. Ecological Modelling 454:109611.	August 2021
Thompson, J.N., and D.A. Beauchamp. 2016. Growth of juvenile steelhead under size-selective pressure limited by seasonal bioenergetic and environmental constraints. Journal of Fish Biology 89:1720-1739. doi:10.1111/jfb.13078 \| Abstract	September 2016	Increased freshwater growth of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss improved survival to smolt and adult stages, thus prompting an examination of factors affecting growth during critical periods that influenced survival through subsequent life stages. For three tributaries with contrasting thermal regimes, a bioenergetics model was used to evaluate how feeding rate and energy density of prey influenced seasonal growth and stage-specific survival of juvenile O. mykiss. Sensitivity analysis examined target levels for feeding rate and energy density of prey during the growing season that improved survival to the smolt and adult stages in each tributary. Simulated daily growth was greatest during warmer months (1 July to 30 September), whereas substantial body mass was lost during cooler months (1 December to 31 March). Incremental increases in annual feeding rate or energy density of prey during summer broadened the temperature range at which faster growth occurred and increased the growth of the average juvenile to match those that survived to smolt and adult stages. Survival to later life stages could be improved by increasing feeding rate or energy density of the diet during summer months, when warmer water temperatures accommodated increased growth potential. Higher growth during the summer period in each tributary could improve resiliency during subsequent colder periods that lead to metabolic stress and weight loss. As growth and corresponding survival rates in fresh water are altered by shifting abiotic regimes, it will be increasingly important for fisheries managers to better understand the mechanisms affecting growth limitations in rearing habitats and what measures might maintain or improve growth conditions and survival.
Thompson, J.N., and D.A. Beauchamp. 2014. Size-Selective Mortality of Steelhead during Freshwater and Marine Life Stages Related to Freshwater Growth in the Skagit River, Washington. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 143:910-925.	July 2014
Thompson BK, SJ Converse and JD Olden. 2021. Mechanistic invasive species management models and their application in conservation. Conservation Science and Practice 3:e533. \| Abstract	September 2021	Management strategies to address the challenges associated with invasive species are critical for effective conservation. An increasing variety of mathematical models offer insight into invasive populations, and can help managers identify cost effective prevention, control, and eradication actions. Despite this, as model complexity grows, so does the inaccessibility of these tools to conservation practitioners making decisions about management. Here, we seek to narrow the science-practice gap by reviewing invasive species management models (ISMMs). We define ISMMs as mechanistic models used to explore invasive species management strategies, and include reaction-advection-diffusion models, integrodifference equations, gravity models, particle transport models, non-spatial and spatial discrete-time population growth models, cellular automata, and individual-based models. For each approach, we describe the model framework and its implementation, discuss strengths and weaknesses, and give examples of conservation applications. We conclude by discussing how ISMMs can be used in concert with adaptive management to address scientific uncertainties impeding action and with multiple objective decision processes to evaluate tradeoffs among management objectives. We undertook this review to support more effective decision-making involving invasive species by providing conservation practitioners with the information they need to identify tools most useful for their applications.
Teitelbaum CS, SJ Converse, and T Mueller. 2019. The importance of early life experience and animal cultures in reintroductions. Conservation Letters 12:e12599.	January 2018
Teitelbaum CS, SJ Converse, and T Mueller. 2017. Birds choose long-term partners years before breeding. Animal Behaviour 134:147-154. \| Download	December 2017
Tamayo, M., C. E. Grue and K. Hamel. 2004. Densities of the milfoil weevil (Euhrychiopsis lecontei) on native and exotic watermilfoils. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 19:203-211.	June 2004
Tamayo, M., C. E. Grue and K. Hamel. 2000. Do water quality andwatermilfoil frequency of occurrence influence the distribution of theaquatic weevil Euhrychiopsis lecontei in Washington State? Journal ofAquatic Plant Management 38:112-116	April 2001
Suraci, Justin P., et al. "Disturbance type and species life history predict mammal responses to humans." Global change biology 27.16 (2021): 3718-3731. \| Abstract	August 2021	Human activity and land use change impact every landscape on Earth, driving declines in many animal species while benefiting others. Species ecological and life history traits may predict success in human-dominated landscapes such that only species with “winning” combinations of traits will persist in disturbed environments. However, this link between species traits and successful coexistence with humans remains obscured by the complexity of anthropogenic disturbances and variability among study systems. We compiled detection data for 24 mammal species from 61 populations across North America to quantify the effects of (1) the direct presence of people and (2) the human footprint (landscape modification) on mammal occurrence and activity levels. Thirty-three percent of mammal species exhibited a net negative response (i.e., reduced occurrence or activity) to increasing human presence and/or footprint across populations, whereas 58% of species were positively associated with increasing disturbance. However, apparent benefits of human presence and footprint tended to decrease or disappear at higher disturbance levels, indicative of thresholds in mammal species’ capacity to tolerate disturbance or exploit human-dominated landscapes. Species ecological and life history traits were strong predictors of their responses to human footprint, with increasing footprint favoring smaller, less carnivorous, faster-reproducing species. The positive and negative effects of human presence were distributed more randomly with respect to species trait values, with apparent winners and losers across a range of body sizes and dietary guilds. Differential responses by some species to human presence and human footprint highlight the importance of considering these two forms of human disturbance separately when estimating anthropogenic impacts on wildlife. Our approach provides insights into the complex mechanisms through which human activities shape mammal communities globally, revealing the drivers of the loss of larger predators in human-modified landscapes.
Sternberg, M, C. Grue, J. Grassley, L. Conquest, and K. King. 2012. Efficacy, fate, and potential effects on salmonids of mosquito larvicides in catch basins in Seattle, Washington. Journal of the American Mosquito Association 28:206-218.	September 2012
Stabbins, H. C., C. E. Grue, D. A. Manuwal and S. L. Paulis. 2002. Time allocation by Aleutian Canada geese during the non-breeding season in California. California Fish and Game 88:186-195.	October 2002
Sorel, M.H., A.G. Hansen, K.A. Connelly, A.C. Wilson, E.D. Lowery, and D.A. Beauchamp. 2016. Predation by Northern Pikeminnow and tiger muskellunge on juvenile salmonids in a high–head reservoir: implications for anadromous fish reintroductions. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 145:521-536. \| Abstract	April 2016	The suitability of reservoir habitat for rearing anadromous salmonids and interactions with resident fish affect the feasibility of reintroductions above high–head dams. We evaluated the predation risk to anadromous salmonids considered for reintroduction in Merwin Reservoir on the North Fork Lewis River in Washington State for two use scenarios: year–round rearing and smolt migration. We characterized the role of the primary predators, Northern Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis and tiger muskellunge Esox, lucius x E. masquinongy using stable isotopes and stomach content analysis, quantified seasonal per–capita predation using bioenergetics modeling, evaluated the size and age structures of the populations, and combined these inputs to estimate predation rates of size–structured population units. Northern Pikeminnow of fork length (FL) ≥ 300 mm were highly cannibalistic with modest seasonal per–capita ¬predation on salmonids, but were disproportionately much less abundant than smaller, less piscivorous conspecifics. The annual predation on Kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka (in biomass) by a size–structured u¬nit of 1,000 Northern Pikeminnow of FL ≥ 300 mm was analogous to 16,000–40,000 age–0 spring Chinook Salmon rearing year–round, or 400–1,000 age–1 smolts migrating April–June. The per–capita consumption of salmonids by Northern Pikeminnow of FL ≥ 200 mm was relatively low, due in large part to spatial segregation during the summer and the skewed size distribution of the predator population. Tiger muskellunge fed heavily on Northern Pikeminnow, other non–salmonids, and minimally on salmonids. Predation by tiger muskellunge, in addition to cannibalism, likely contributed to low recruitment of larger (more piscivorous) Northern Pikeminnow, with the effect being decreased predation risk to salmonids. This study highlights the importance of evaluating trophic interactions within reservoirs slated for reintroduction, as they can be functional migration corridors and may offer profitable juvenile–rearing habitats despite hosting abundant predator populations.
Sorel MH, RW Zabel, DS Johnson, AM Wargo Rub, and SJ Converse. 2021. Estimating population-specific predation effects on Chinook salmon via data integration. Journal of Applied Ecology 58:371-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13772 \| Abstract	February 2021	1) Recent success in the conservation of many marine mammals has resulted in new management challenges due to increasing conflict with fisheries. Increasing predation by pinnipeds on threatened salmon is of particular concern. Seemingly, pinniped conservation is now in conflict with the recovery of threatened salmon, creating a dilemma for managers. <br><br>2) We use the Lower Columbia River as a case study for examining the relationship between seasonal California sea lion (<i>Zalophus californianus</i>) abundance and survival of threatened salmon. To quantify mortality associated with increasing sea lion abundance, we examined the effect of seasonal sea lion abundance on adult Chinook salmon<i> </i>(<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>)<i> </i>survival during migrations through the Lower Columbia River. We integrated data on survival with data on population-specific migration timing, allowing quantification of the relationship between sea lion abundance and survival in 18 populations of spring-summer Chinook salmon listed as Threatened or Endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.<br><br>3) Of the 18 populations examined, earlier migrating populations experienced lower survival in association with increased exposure to higher sea lion abundance. We estimated that in years with high sea lion abundance, the nine earliest-migrating populations experienced an additional 21.1% (16.3, 26.1) mortality compared to years with baseline sea lion abundance, while the nine latest migrating populations experienced an additional 10.1% (7.5, 13.0). <br><br>4)<i> Synthesis and Application.</i> Integrating datasets on seasonal survival and migration timing made it possible for us to estimate population-specific mortality associated with increased sea lion abundance in the Lower Columbia River. This information could not be produced from any one data set, highlighting the utility of data integration approaches. The mortality experienced by early migrating Chinook salmon suggests the potential for demographic and evolutionary consequences. Management actions such as hazing, relocating, or removing individuals that are frequent predators on salmon have been proposed. Identifying the management actions that will allow for socially and legally acceptable tradeoffs between multiple conservation and other social values will be facilitated by development of explicit multi-species management frameworks. Continued monitoring will help to reduce the substantial uncertainty about the effect of pinnipeds on salmon and the predicted outcomes of alternative management actions.
Sorel MH, JC Jorgensen, RW Zabel, MD Scheuerell, AR Murdoch, CM Kamphaus, and SJ Converse. 2024. Incorporating life history diversity in an integrated population model to inform viability analysis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 81:535-548.	March 2024
Sorel MH, AR Murdoch, RW Zabel, JJ Jorgensen, CM Kamphaus, and SJ Converse. 2023. Juvenile life history diversity is associated with lifetime demographic heterogeneity in a migratory fish. Ecosphere 14:e4366. \| Abstract	January 2023	Differences in the life history pathways of juvenile animals are often associated with differences in demographic rates in later life stages. For migratory animals, different life-history pathways often result in animals from the same population occupying distinct habitats subjected to different environmental drivers. Understanding how demographic rates differ among animals expressing different life history pathways may reveal fitness tradeoffs that drive the expression of alternative life history pathways and enable better prediction of population dynamics in a changing environment. To understand how demographic outcomes and their relationships with environmental variables differ among animals with different life history pathways, we analyzed a long-term mark-recapture dataset for Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) from the Wenatchee River, Washington, USA. Distinct life history pathways represented in this population include either remaining in the natal stream until emigrating to the ocean as a one-year-old (<i>natal-reach rearing</i>) or emigrating from the natal stream and rearing in downstream habitats for several months before completing the emigration to the ocean as a one-year-old (<i>downstream rearing</i>). We found that downstream-rearing fish emigrated to the ocean 19 days earlier on average and returned as adults from the ocean at higher rates. We detected a positive correlation between rate of return from the ocean by downstream-rearing fish and coastal upwelling in their spring of outmigration, whereas for natal-reach-rearing fish we detected a positive correlation with sea surface temperature during their first marine summer. Different responses to environmental variability should lead to asynchrony in adult abundance among juvenile life history pathways. A higher proportion of downstream-rearing fish returned at younger ages compared to natal-reach-rearing fish, which contributed to more variability in age at reproduction and greater mixing across generations. Our results provide an example of how diversity in juvenile life history pathways is associated with heterogeneity in demographic rates during subsequent life stages. This demographic heterogeneity can in turn affect variance in the aggregate population abundance and population response to environmental change. Our findings underscore the importance of considering life history diversity in demographic analyses and lay the foundation for the development of population models that account for different life history pathways.
Sorel MH, AR Murdoch, RW Zabel, CM Kamphaus, ER Buhle, MD Scheuerell, and SJ Converse. 2023. Effects of population density and environmental conditions on life-history prevalence in a migratory fish. Ecology and Evolution 13:e11087. \| Abstract	May 2023	Individual variation in life-history traits can have important implications for the ability of populations to respond to environmental variability and change. In migratory animals, flexibility in the timing of life-history events, such as juvenile emigration from natal areas, can influence the effects of population density and environmental conditions on population dynamics. We evaluated the functional relationships between population density and environmental covariates and the abundance of juveniles expressing different life-history pathways in a migratory fish, Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>), in a river basin in Washington State, USA. We found that the abundance of younger emigrants from natal streams was best described by an accelerating or near-linear function of spawners, whereas the abundance of older emigrants was best described by a decelerating function of spawners. This supports the hypothesis that emigration timing varies in response to density in natal areas, with younger-emigrating life-history pathways comprising a larger proportion of emigrants when densities of conspecifics are high. We also observed positive relationships between winter stream discharge and abundance of younger emigrants, supporting the hypothesis that habitat conditions can also influence the expression of different life-history pathways. Our results suggest that early emigration, and a resultant increase in the use of downstream rearing habitats, may increase if winter precipitation increases in the future as is projected due to climate warming. Characterizing relationships between life-history expression and environmental conditions is a necessary first step in understanding the dynamics of species with diverse life-history strategies. As environmental conditions change – due to climate change, management, or other factors – resultant life-history changes are likely to have important demographic implications that will be challenging to predict if life-history diversity is not accounted for in population models.
Songsasen N, SJ Converse, and ME Brown. 2019. Reproduction and reproductive technologies relevant to management of whooping cranes ex situ. Pages 373-387 in French Jr JB, SJ Converse, and JE Austin, editors. Whooping Cranes: Biology and Conservation. Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes. Academic Press, London, UK.	September 2018
Smith, B. C., C. A. Curran, K. W. Brown, J. L. Cabarrus, J. B. Gown, J. K. McIntyre, E. E. Moreland, V. L. Wong, J. M. Grassley and C. E. Grue. 2004. Toxicity of four surfactants to juvenile rainbow trout: Implications for over-water use. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 72:647-654.	March 2004
Sipe HA, IN Keren, and SJ Converse. 2023. Integrating community science and agency-collected monitoring data to expand monitoring capacity at large spatial scales. Ecology and Evolution 14: e4585. \| Abstract	June 2023	Monitoring species to better understand their status, ecology, and management needs is a major expense for agencies tasked with biodiversity conservation. Community science data have the potential to improve monitoring for minimal cost, given appropriate analytical frameworks are established. We describe a framework for integrating data from the eBird community science platform with agency-collected monitoring data using a multi-state occupancy model. Our novel occupancy model accounts for the structural differences in eBird data and agency-collected monitoring data and allows for estimation of both occupancy and breeding probabilities. The framework was applied to Common Loons (Gavia immer) in Washington State. Common Loons are state listed in Washington as Sensitive and identified as a species of greatest conservation need, and little is known about their breeding distribution beyond the locations of known nesting pairs. Based on our model, we predicted that only 6.5% (95% Bayesian credible interval, BCI = 1.6%, 50.9%) of the 2324 sites in our sampling frame were occupied by Common Loons, though Common Loons were predicted to be breeding at 95% (95% BCI = 71.2%, 99.9%) of the lakes they occupied. We identified only 1 abiotic covariate – elevation – that was a useful predictor of occupancy or reproduction probabilities in Common Loons; improvements in the predictive power of our model might be achieved with information on difficult-to-monitor biotic covariates, such as fish community metrics. We found that state agency biologists were 16 times more likely to detect breeding Common Loons during a visit than were eBird users (94.2%, 95% BCI = 77.9%, 98.9% for agency biologists vs. 8.2%, 95% BCI = 6.3%, 10.4% for eBird users). However, the amount of effort expended by eBird users meant that they confirmed Common Loons at 94 sites while agency biologists confirmed them at just 24 sites. Importantly, though, certain information – namely, evidence of reproduction – was only contributed by agency biologists. Our results provide a better understanding of the distribution of Common Loons in Washington, while further demonstrating that community science data can be a valuable complement to agency-collected data, if appropriate frameworks are developed to integrate these data sources.
Shima, M., A. B. Hollowed, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2002. Changes over time in the spatial distribution of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the Gulf of Alaska, 1984-1996. Fishery Bulletin 100:307-323.	April 2002
Shima, M., A. B. Hollowed, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2000. Response of pinniped populations to directed harvest, climate variability, and commercial fishery activity: A comparative analysis. Reviews in Fisheries Science 8: 89-124.	March 2000
Sergeant, C. J., and D. A. Beauchamp. 2006. Effects of physical habitat and ontogeny on lentic habitat preferences of juvenile Chinook salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135:1191?1204.	October 2006
Schoen, E.R., D.A. Beauchamp, and N.C. Overman. 2012. Quantifying Latent Impacts of an Introduced Piscivore: Pulsed Predatory Inertia of Lake Trout and Decline of Kokanee. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 141:1191-1206.	December 2012
Schoen, E.R., D.A. Beauchamp, A. Buettner, and N.C. Overman. 2015. Temperature and depth mediate resource competition and apparent competition between Mysis diluviana and kokanee. Ecological Applications 25:1962-1975. doi:10.1890/14-1822.1	October 2015
Ryan, C., B. McHugh, B. Boyle, E. McGovern, M. Bérubé, P. Lopez-Suárez, C.T. Elfes, D.T. Boyd, G.M. Ylitalo, G.R. VanBlaricom, P.J. Clapham, J. Robbins, P.J. Palsbøll, I. O’Conner, and S.D. Berrow. 2013. Levels of persistent organic pollutants in eastern North Atlantic humpback whales. Endangered Species Research 22: 213-223.	December 2013
Ruzycki, J. R., D. A. Beauchamp, D. L. Yule. 2003. Effects of introduced laketrout on native cutthroat trout in Yellowstone Lake. Ecological Applications 13:23-37.	January 2003
Runge MC, SJ Converse, JE Lyons, and DR Smith. 2020. Structured decision making: case studies in natural resource management. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA.	May 2020
Runge MC and SJ Converse. 2020. Introduction to risk analysis. Pages 149-155 in Runge MC, SJ Converse, JE Lyons, and DR Smith. Structured decision making: case studies in natural resource management. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA.	May 2020
Royle JA and SJ Converse. 2020. Estimating abundance from capture-recapture data. Pages 103-122 in Murray D and B Sandercock, editors. Population ecology in practice: underused, misused, and abused methods. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, USA.	December 2019
Regehr EV, NJ Hostetter, RR Wilson, KD Rode, M St. Martin, and SJ Converse. 2018. Integrated population modeling provides the first empirical estimates of vital rates and abundance for polar bears in the Chukchi Sea. Scientific Reports 8:16780.	November 2018
Regehr EV, MC Runge, A Von Duyke, RR Wilson, L Polasek, KD Rode, NJ Hostetter, and SJ Converse. 2021. Demographic risk assessment for a harvested species threatened by climate change: polar bears in the Chukchi Sea. Ecological Applications: e02461.	September 2021
Rand, K. M., D. A. Beauchamp, and S. A. Lowe. 2010. Longitudinal growth differences and the influence of diet quality on Atka mackerel of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Using a bioenergetics model to explore underlying mechanisms. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science. 2:362-374.	November 2010
Quinn TP, Scheuerell MD, Losee JP, Hanada D. 2022. Multi-decadal trends in body size of Puget Sound Chinook salmon: Analysis of data from the Tengu Derby, a culturally unique fishery. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 14:e10205 https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10205 \| Abstract \| Download	May 2022	In Pacific salmon, downward trends in size and abundance have been reported for species and stocks for over 40 years, but the patterns are inconsistent among regions and species. Interpretation of these trends is complicated by the many possible contributing factors, including short time series, data comprising a mix of stocks, and varying gear types. Here, we present data on the mass of individual Chinook salmon, <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>, caught in the winter from 1946 to 2019 in central Puget Sound, Washington by participants in what may be the longest running salmon derby in North America, the Tengu Derby. In this annual recreational fishing competition, established by Japanese-Americans immediately after release from internment camps at the end of World War II, participants follow strict gear, area, and methods regulations, and catch almost exclusively salmon originating from and remaining in Puget Sound. Records revealed an overall decline in fish mass over the decades with a high degree of variability throughout the time series. Specifically, resident Chinook salmon exhibited several shifts, including an increase in size from a high in the 1950s to a low around 1980, followed by an increase to another high around 1990, and then a decline over the most recent 30 years. These salmon, displaying a form of differential migration by remaining in Puget Sound rather than migrating to the ocean coast, showed dissimilar trajectories compared with size trends of Puget Sound Chinook salmon as a whole reported previously. These distinct patterns in size for Chinook salmon from common origins associated with different migration patterns exemplify yet another important factor to be considered in the analysis and interpretation of such trends.
Price, J.L., G.R. VanBlaricom, and P.S. McDonald. 2012. Effects of harvest activity on infaunal communities in geoduck clam aquaculture plots in southern Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Abstract. Journal of Shellfish Research 31: 334.	April 2012
Petracca LS, B Gardner, BT Maletzke, and SJ Converse. 2024. Merging integrated population models and individual-based models to project population dynamics of a recolonizing species. Biological Conservation 289:110340. \| Abstract	January 2024	Recolonizing species exhibit unique population dynamics, namely dispersal to and colonization of new areas, that have important implications for their management. One challenge is how to simultaneously model demographic and movement processes so that recolonizing species can be accurately projected over both time and space. Integrated population models (IPMs) have proven useful for making inference about population dynamics by integrating multiple data streams related to population states and demographic rates. However, traditional IPMs are not capable of representing complex dispersal and colonization processes, and the data requirements for building spatially explicit IPMs to do so are often prohibitive. Contrastingly, individual-based models (IBMs) have been developed to describe dispersal and colonization processes but do not traditionally integrate an estimation component, which is a major strength of IPMs. We introduce a framework for spatially explicit projection modeling that answers the challenge of how to project an expanding population using IPM-based parameter estimation while harnessing the individual-based movement modeling made possible by an IBM. Our model has two main components: [1] a Bayesian IPM-driven age- and state-structured population model that governs the population state process and estimation of demographic rates, and [2] an IBM-driven spatial model describing the dispersal of individuals and colonization of new territories. We applied this model to estimate current and project future dynamics of gray wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) in Washington State, USA. We used data from 74 telemetered wolves and yearly pup and pack size counts to parameterize the model, and then projected statewide dynamics over the next 50 years. Mean population growth was 1.29 (95% CRI 1.26-1.33) during initial recolonization from 2009 - 2020 and decreased to 1.03 (95% Prediction Interval 1.00-1.05) in the projection period (2021-2070). Our results suggest that gray wolves have a very high (>99%) probability of colonizing the last of Washington State’s three specified recovery regions by 2030, depending on alternative assumptions about how dispersing wolves select new territories. The spatially explicit modelling framework developed here can be used to project the dynamics of any species for which spatial spread is an important driver of population dynamics.
Overman, N. C., D. A. Beauchamp, H. B. Berge, M. M. Mazur, and J. K. McIntyre*. 2009. Differing forage fish assemblages influence trophic structure in neighboring urban lakes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:741-755.	May 2009
Orr, A.J., S.D. Newsome, J.L. Laake, G.R. VanBlaricom, and R.D. DeLong. 2012. Ontogenetic dietary information of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) assessed using stable isotope analysis. Marine Mammal Science 28: 714-732.	October 2012
Orr, A.J., G. R. VanBlaricom, R. L. DeLong, V. H. Cruz-Escalona, and S. D. Newsome. 2011. Intraspecific comparison of diet of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) assessed using fecal and stable isotope analyses. Canadian Journal of Zoology 89: 109-122.	February 2011
Oppel S, BL Clark, MM Risi, C Horswill, SJ Converse, CW Jones, AM Osborne, K Stevens, V Perold, AL Bond, RM Wanless, R Cuthbert, J Cooper, PG Ryan. 2022. Demographic consequences of invasive species predation and management on the population of a long-lived seabird species. Journal of Applied Ecology 59:2059-2070.	June 2021
Neuman, M.J., B. Tissot, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2010. Overall status and threats assessment of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) populations in California, USA. Journal of Shellfish Research 29: 577-586	November 2010
Naiman, R.J., J.R. Alldredge, D.A. Beauchamp, P.A. Bisson, J. Congleton, C.J. Henny, N. Huntly, R. Lamberson, C. Levings, E. Merrill, W. Pearcy, B. Rieman, G. Ruggerone, D. Scarnecchia, P.E. Smouse, and C.C. Wood. 2012. Developing a broader scientific foundation for river restoration: Columbia River food webs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 109(52):21202-21207.	January 2012
Mueller T, CS Teitelbaum, WF Fagan, and SJ Converse. 2019. Movement ecology of reintroduced migratory whooping cranes. Pages 217-238 in French Jr JB, SJ Converse, and JE Austin, editors. Whooping Cranes: Biology and Conservation. Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes. Academic Press, London, UK.	September 2018
Moss, J. H., and D. A. Beauchamp. 2007. Functional response of pink and chum salmon: effects of consumer size and two types of zooplankton. Journal of Fish Biology 70:610-622.	April 2007
Moss, J. H., D. A. Beauchamp, A. D. Cross, K. Myers, J. M. Murphy, and E. V. Farley Jr. 2005. Evidence for size-selective mortality after the first summer of ocean growth by pink salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134:1313-1322.	July 2005
Mongillo, T.M., E.E. Holmes, D.P. Noren, G.R. VanBlaricom, A.E. Punt, S.M. O’Neill, G.M. Ylitalo, M.B. Hanson, and P.S. Ross. 2012. Predicted polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulation in southern resident killer whales. Marine Ecology Progress Series 453: 263-277.	May 2012
Min, M. A., Cope, J. M., Lowry, D., Selleck, J., Tonnes, D., Andrews, K., Pacunski, R., Hennings, A., & Scheuerell, M. In prep. Data-limited fishery assessment methods shed light on the exploitation history and population dynamics of ESA-listed Yelloweye Rockfish in Puget Sound, Washington.	September 2023
Mesa, M.G., L.K. Weiland, H.E. Christiansen, S.T. Sauter, and D.A. Beauchamp. 2013. Development and evaluation of a bioenergetics model for bull trout Salvelinus confluentus. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Society 142:41-49.	January 2013
Mendgen P, SJ Converse, AT Pearse, CS Teitelbaum, and T Mueller. 2023. Differential shortstopping behaviour in Whooping Cranes: habitat or social learning? Global Ecology and Conservation 41:e02365.	January 2023
Melin, S. R., R. L. DeLong, J. A. Thomason, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2000. Attendance patterns of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) females and pups during the non breeding season at San Miguel Island. Marine Mammal Science 16: 169-185.	January 2000
McPeek, Kathleen C., P. Sean McDonald, and Glenn R. VanBlaricom. 2015. Aquaculture disturbance Impacts the diet but not ecological linkages of a ubiquitous predatory fish. Estuaries and Coasts 38: 1520-1534. doi: 10.1007/s12237-014-9909-z.	September 2015
McPeek, K., G.R. VanBlaricom, P.S. McDonald, and D.A. Beauchamp. 2012. Effects of geoduck aquaculture on the growth and stable isotope signatures of Pacific staghorn sculpins. Abstract. Journal of Shellfish Research 31: 322.	April 2012
McIntyre, J.K, D.H. Baldwin, D.A. Beauchamp, and N.L. Scholz. 2012. Low-level copper exposures increase visibility and vulnerability of juvenile coho salmon to cutthroat trout predators. Ecological Applications. 22:1460-1471.	July 2012
McIntyre, J. K., D. A. Beauchamp, M. M. Mazur, and N. C. Overman. 2006. Ontogenetic trophic interactions and bentho-pelagic coupling in Lake Washington: evidence from stable isotopes and diet analysis. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135:1312-1328.	October 2006
McIntyre*, J. K., D. A. Beauchamp. 2007. Bioaccumulation of mercury and organochlorines and correlations with stable isotopes in the Lake Washington food web. Science of the Total Environment 372:571-584.	January 2007
McInturff, A., Kaitlyn Gaynor, Briana Abrahms, Alison Smith, Justin Brashares. "Hunting mode and habitat selection mediate the success of human hunters." in review at Movement Ecology. \| Abstract	December 2024	As a globally widespread apex predator, humans have unprecedented lethal and non-lethal effects on prey populations and ecosystems. Yet compared to non-human predators, little is known about the drivers and consequences of human hunting behavior.<b> </b>Here, we characterized the hunting modes, habitat selection, and harvest success of 483 rifle hunters in California using high-resolution GPS data. We used Hidden Markov Models to characterize fine-scale behavior, and k-means clustering to group hunters by hunting mode, on the basis of their time spent in each behavioral state. Hunters exhibited three distinct and successful hunting modes (“coursing”, “stalking”, and “sit-and-wait”), with stalking as the most successful strategy. Across hunting modes, there was variation in patterns of selection for roads, topography, and habitat cover, with important differences in habitat use of successful and unsuccessful hunters across modes. Our study indicates that hunters can successfully employ a diversity of harvest strategies, and that hunting success is mediated by the interacting effects of hunting mode and landscape features. Such results highlight the breadth of human hunting modes, even within a single hunting technique, and lend insight into the varied ways that humans exert predation pressure on wildlife.
McGowan DW, Branch TB, Haught S, Scheuerell MD. 2021. Multi-decadal shifts in the distribution and timing of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) spawning in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 78:1611-1627 https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2021-0047 \| Abstract \| Download \| Publisher Website	April 2021	The location and timing of spawning plays a critical role in pelagic fish survival during early life stages and can affect subsequent recruitment. Spawning patterns of Pacific herring (<i>Clupea pallasii</i>) were examined in Prince William Sound (1973–2019) where the population collapsed in 1993 and has failed to recover. Abrupt shifts in spawn distribution preceded the rapid increase in population size in the 1980s and later its collapse by one and two years, respectively. As the population declined, spawning contracted away from historically productive regions towards southeastern areas of the Sound, and the proportion of occupied spawning areas declined from 65% to <9%. Spatial differences in spawn timing variation were also apparent, as the median spawn date shifted earlier by 26 days in eastern and 15 days in western areas of Prince William Sound between 1980 and 2006, and then shifted later by 25 (eastern) and 19 (western) days over a 7-year period. Effects of contracted spawning areas and timing shifts on first-year survival and recruitment are uncertain and require future investigation.
McDonald, P.S., T.E. Essington, J.P. Davis, A.W.E. Galloway, B.C. Stevick, G.C. Jensen, G.R. VanBlaricom, and D.A. Armstrong. 2015. Distribution, abundance, and habitat associations of a large bivalve (Panopea generosa) in a eutrophic, fjord estuary. Journal of Shellfish Research 34: 137-145. \| Abstract	March 2015	Marine bivalves are important ecosystem constituents and frequently support valuable fisheries. In many nearshore areas, human disturbance including declining habitat and water quality, can affect the distribution and abundance of bivalve populations, and complicate ecosystem and fishery management assessments. Infaunal bivalves, in particular, are frequently cryptic and difficult to detect; thus assessing potential impacts to their populations requires suitable, scalable methods for estimating abundance and distribution. Here population size of a common benthic bivalve (geoduck clams, Panopea generosa) is estimated with a Bayesian habitat-based model fit to SCUBA and tethered camera data in Hood Canal, a fjord basin in Washington State, USA. Densities declined over two orders of magnitude along a north-south gradient concomitant with patterns of deep-water dissolved oxygen and intensity and duration of seasonal hypoxia. Across the basin, geoducks were most abundant in loose, unconsolidated, sand substrate. The present study demonstrates the utility of using SCUBA, tethered video, and habitat models to estimate the abundance and distribution of a large infaunal bivalve at a regional (385 km2) scale.
McDonald, P.S., P.F. Stevick, A.W.E. Galloway, K. McPeek, D.A. Armstrong, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2012. Nekton, nets, and tubes: Macrofauna response to intertidal geoduck aquaculture operations in Puget Sound, Washington USA. Abstract. Journal of Shellfish Research 31: 320.	April 2012
McDonald, P.S., A.W.E. Galloway, K.C. McPeek, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2015. Effects of geoduck (Panopea generosa) aquaculture on resident and transient macrofauna communities of Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Journal of Shellfish Research 34: 189-202. \| Abstract	March 2015	In Washington State, commercial culture of geoduck clams (Panopea generosa) involves large-scale out-planting of juveniles to intertidal habitats and installation of PVC tubes and netting to exclude predators and increase early survival. Here we examine whether structures associated with this nascent aquaculture method affect patterns of use by resident and transient macrofauna. We summarize results of regular surveys of aquaculture operations and reference beaches in 2009-2011 at three sites during three phases of culture: 1) pre-gear [- geoducks, -structure]; 2) gear-present [+geoducks, +structures]; and 3) post-gear [+geoducks, -structures]. Resident macroinvertebrates (infauna and epifauna) were sampled monthly (in most cases) using coring methods at low tide during all three phases. Differences in community composition between culture plots and reference areas were examined with Permutational Analysis of Variance (PerMANOVA) and homogeneity of Multivariate Dispersion (HMD) tests. SCUBA and shoreline transect surveys were used to examine habitat use by transient fish and macroinvertebrates. Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) and complementary non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) were used to compare differences between species functional groups and habitat type at different aquaculture phases. Results suggest that resident and transient macrofauna respond differently to structures associated with geoduck aquaculture. No consistent differences in the community of resident macrofauna were observed at culture plots or reference areas at the three sites during any year. Conversely, total abundance of transient fish and macroinvertebrates were more than two times higher at culture plots than reference areas when aquaculture structures were in place. Community composition differed (ANOSIM) between culture and reference plots during the gear-present phase, but did not persist to the next farming stage (post-gear). Habitat complexity associated with shellfish aquaculture may attract some structure-associated transient species observed infrequently on reference beaches, while displacing other species that typically occur in areas lacking epibenthic structure. This study provides the first look at the effects of multiple phases of geoduck farming on macrofauna and has important implications for management of a rapidly expanding sector of the aquaculture industry.
McDonald, P. S., K. K. Holsman, D. A. Beauchamp, B. R. Dumbauld, and D. A. Armstrong. 2006. Bioenergetics modeling to investigate habitat use by the non-indigenous crab, Carcinus maenas, in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA. Estuaries and Coasts 29(6b):1132-1149.	October 2006
McClintock BT, B Abrahms, RB Chandler, PB Conn, SJ Converse, RL Emmet, B Gardner, NJ Hostetter, and DS Johnson. 2022. An integrated path for spatial capture-recapture and animal movement modeling. Ecology 103:e3473.	October 2022
McCarthy, S. G., J. J. Duda, J. M. Emlen, G. R. Hodgson, and D. A. Beauchamp. 2009. Linking habitat quality with trophic performance of steelhead trout along forest gradients in the South Fork Trinity River watershed, California. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:506-521.	May 2009
Mazur, M. M., and D. A. Beauchamp. 2006. Linking piscivory to spatial-temporal distributions of pelagic prey fish with a visual foraging model. Journal of Fish Biology 69:151-175.	July 2006
Mazur, M. M., and D. A. Beauchamp. 2003. Comparing visual prey detection among species of piscivorous salmonids: effects of light and a range of low turbidities. Environmental Biology of Fishes 67:397-405.	October 2003
Mazur, M. M., M. T. Wilson, A. B. Dougherty, A. Buchheister, and D. A. Beauchamp. 2007. Temperature and prey quality effects on growth of juvenile walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma: a spatially explicit bioenergetics approach. Journal of Fish Biology 70:816-836.	January 2007
Martinez, Deniss, Clare Cannon, Alex McInturff, Peter Alagona, David Pellow. "Back to the Future: Indigenous Relationality, Kincentricity and the North American Model of Wildlife Management." Environmental Science and Policy. 2023. \| Abstract	December 2023	For more than a century, wildlife conservation in the United States has been built on the notion that nonhuman animal populations are resources to be regulated by law and managed efficiently, according to the best available science and in the public trust. This approach, known as the North American Model of Wildlife Management, has proved effective by many metrics, but it has come under increasing criticism for excluding diverse viewpoints that have the potential to advance both conservation and environmental justice goals. How might the greater inclusion of Indigenous worldviews and Indigenous Studies concepts, such as radical relationality and kincentricity , improve traditional wildlife management? In this paper, we review three case studies of tribal wildlife stewardship programs in California—the Maidu Summit Consortium’s beaver restoration project, the Karuk Tribe’s elk management program, and the Yurok Tribe’s condor recovery effort—that illuminate generative connections among ecological restoration, Indigenous cultural practices, community wellbeing, and environmental justice. Radical relationality and kincentricity offer enormous potential for informing stewardship and recovery efforts that produce more just outcomes for both people and wildlife.
Major, W. W., III, C. E. Grue, S. C. Gardner and J. M. Grassley. 2003. Concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA in sediment following application of Rodeo(R) to control smooth cordgrass in Willapa Bay, Washington. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 71:912-918.	June 2004
Major, W. W., III, C. E. Grue, J. M. Grassley and L. L. Conquest. 2003. Efficacy of mechanical and chemical techniques to control smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) in Willapa Bay, Washington. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 41:6-12.	June 2003
Lowery, E.D., and D.A. Beauchamp. 2015. Trophic relations and seasonal effects of predation on Pacific Salmon by fluvial Bull Trout in a riverine food web. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 144:724-741. DOI:10.1080/00028487.2015.1035452	July 2015
Lloyd NA, NJ Hostetter, CL Jackson, SJ Converse, and A Moehrenschlager. 2019. Response: future directions to escalate benefits of the stepping-stone approach for conservation translocations. Animal Conservation 22:122-123.	April 2019
Lloyd NA, NJ Hostetter, CL Jackson, SJ Converse, and A Moehrenschlager. 2019. Optimizing release strategies: a stepping-stone approach to reintroduction. Animal Conservation 22:105-115.	April 2019
Link WA, SJ Converse, AA Yackel Adams, and NJ Hostetter. 2018. Analysis of population change and movement using robust design removal data. Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics 23:463–477.	September 2018
Lawrence, D.J., D.A. Beauchamp, and J.D. Olden. 2015. Life-stage specific physiology defines invasion extent of a riverine fish. Journal of Animal Ecology 84:879–888. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12332 \| Publisher Website	January 2015
Lander, M.E., T.R. Loughlin, M.G. Logsdon, G.R. VanBlaricom, and B.S. Fadely. 2010. Foraging effort of juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) with respect to heterogeneity of sea surface temperature. Endangered Species Research 10: 145-158.	March 2010
Lander, M.E., M.L. Logsdon, T.R. Loughlin, and G.R. VanBlaricom, Spatial patterns and scaling behaviors of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) distributions and their environment. Journal of Theoretical Biology 274: 74-83.	April 2011
Lander, M. E., T. R. Loughlin, M. L. Logsdon, G. R. VanBlaricom, B. S. Fadely, and L. W. Fritz. 2009. Regional differences in the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of oceanographic habitat used by Steller sea lions. Ecological Applications 19: 1645-1659.	December 2009
Laidre, K. L., R. J. Jameson, S. J. Jeffries, R. C. Hobbs, C. E. Bowlby, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2002. Estimates of carrying capacity for sea otters in Washington State. Wildlife Society Bulletin 30: 1172-1181.	December 2002
Laidre K. L., M. P. Heide-Jorgensen, M. L. Lodgson, R. C. Hobbs, R. Dietz, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2004. Fractal analysis of narwhal space use patterns. Zoology 107: 3-11.	March 2004
Kurz, David J., Arthur D. Middleton, Melissa S. Chapman, Bruce R. Huber, Alex McInturff, Jeremy Sorgen, Kyle S. Van Houtan, Christine E. Wilkinson, Lauren Withey, and Justin S. Brashares. "Including Rural America in academic conservation science." Accepted, Frontiers in Conservation Science. \| Abstract	August 2023	Conservation has made great strides by embracing DEIJ efforts, but these efforts can improve the science and practice of conservation further by attending to rural populations. Here we offer strategies for strengthening inclusion of rural Americans in conservation science and practice. We suggest three pathways toward this goal: (i) emphasize knowledge co - production and partnerships that resonate with rural lifestyles and values; (ii) recruit and train rural students in conservation science degree programs; and (iii) reshape academic advancement criteria to promote rural engagement. We suggest that investments in academic - rural collaboration hold potential to build knowledge, trust, inclusion, and justice in the United States.
Kreling, S. E., Gaynor, K. M., McInturff, A., Calhoun, K. L., & Brashares, J. S. (2021). Site fidelity and behavioral plasticity regulate an ungulate’s response to extreme disturbance. Ecology and evolution, 11(22), 15683-15694. \| Abstract	November 2021	With rapid global change, the frequency and severity of extreme disturbance events are increasing worldwide. The ability of animal populations to survive these stochastic events depends on how individual animals respond to their altered environments, yet our understanding of the immediate and short-term behavioral responses of animals to acute disturbances remains poor. We focused on animal behavioral responses to the environmental disturbance created by megafire. Specifically, we explored the effects of the 2018 Mendocino Complex Fire in northern California, USA, on the behavior and body condition of black-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus columbianus</i>). We predicted that deer would be displaced by the disturbance or experience high mortality post-fire if they stayed in the burn area. We used data from GPS collars on 18 individual deer to quantify patterns of home range use, movement, and habitat selection before and after the fire. We assessed changes in body condition using images from a camera trap grid. The fire burned through half of the study area, facilitating a comparison between deer in burned and unburned areas. Despite a dramatic reduction in vegetation in burned areas, deer showed high site fidelity to pre-fire home ranges, returning within hours of the fire. However, mean home range size doubled after the fire and corresponded to increased daily activity in a severely resource-depleted environment. Within their home ranges, deer also selected strongly for patches of surviving vegetation and woodland habitat, as these areas provided forage and cover in an otherwise desolate landscape. Deer body condition significantly decreased after the fire, likely as a result of a reduction in forage within their home ranges, but all collared deer survived for the duration of the study. Understanding the ways in which large mammals respond to disturbances such as wildfire is increasingly important as the extent and severity of such events increases across the world. While many animals are adapted to disturbance regimes, species that exhibit high site fidelity or otherwise fixed behavioral strategies may struggle to cope with increased climate instability and associated extreme disturbance events.
Koehler, M. E., K. L. Fresh, D. A. Beauchamp, J. R. Cordell, C. A. Simenstad. 2006. Diet and bioenergetics of lake-rearing juvenile Chinook salmon in Lake Washington. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135:1580-1591.	October 2006
Knight, C. A., R. W. Orme, and D. A. Beauchamp. 1999. Growth, survival, and migration patterns of juvenile adfluvial Bonneville cutthroat trout in tributaries of Strawberry Reservoir, Utah. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 128:553-563.	November 1999
Kitano, J., D. I. Bolnick, D. A. Beauchamp, M. M. Mazur, S. Mori, T. Nakano, C. L. Peichel. 2008. Reverse evolution of armor plates in threespine stickleback. Current Biology 18:769-774.	May 2008
Kertson, B.N., R.D. Spencer, and C.E. Grue. 2013. Demographic influences on cougar residential use and interactions with people in western Washington. Journal of Mammalogy 94:269-281.	January 2013
Kertson, B.N., R.D. Spencer, and C.E. Grue. 2011. Cougar prey use in a wildland-urban environment in western Washington. Northwestern Naturalist 92: 175-185.	December 2011
Kertson, B. N., C. E. Grue and D. J. Pierce. 2006. Status of citizen science in state natural resource management agencies: Opportunities and challenges. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Natural Resources Conference 70:88-109.	August 2006
Kertson B.K., R.D. Spencer, J.M. Marzluff, J. Hepinstall-Cymerman, and C.E. Grue. 2011. Cougar space use and movements in the wildland-urban interface of western Washington. Ecological Applications 21: 2866-2881.	September 2011
Keating L, L Randall, R Stanton, C McCormack, M Lucid, T Seaborn, SJ Converse, S Canessa, and A Moehrenschlager. 2023. Using decision analysis to determine the feasibility of a conservation translocation. Decision Analysis 20: 295-310.	March 2023
Kadin M, M. Frederiksen, S Niiranen, and SJ Converse. 2019. Linking demographic and food-web models to understand management trade-offs. Ecology and Evolution 9:8587-8600.	August 2019
Juncos, R., D.A. Beauchamp, and P.H. Vigliano. 2013. Modeling prey consumption by native and non-native piscivorous fishes: implications for competition and impacts on shared prey in an ultra-oligotrophic lake in Patagonia. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142:268-281.	January 2013
Jankowski, K. J., Houser, J. N., Scheuerell, M. D., & Smits, A. P. (2021). Warmer winters increase the biomass of phytoplankton in a large floodplain river. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 126, e2020JG006135 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006135 \| Abstract \| Download \| Publisher Website	September 2021	Winters are changing rapidly across the globe but the implications for aquatic productivity and food webs are not well understood. In addition, the degree to which winter dynamics in aquatic systems respond to large-scale climate versus ecosystem-level factors is unclear but important for understanding and managing potential changes. We used a unique winter data set from the Upper Mississippi River System to explore spatial and temporal patterns in phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll <i>a</i>, CHL) and associated environmental covariates across 25 years and ∼1,500 river km. To assess the role of regional climate versus site-specific drivers of winter CHL, we evaluated whether there were coherent long-term CHL dynamics from north to south and across lotic-lentic areas. We then estimated the degree to which these patterns were associated with climate variability (i.e., the Multivariate El Nino-Southern Oscillation Index), winter severity (freezing degree days), river discharge, or site-specific environmental variables (ice depth, snow depth, and nutrient concentrations). We found that winter CHL was typically highest in ice-free reaches and backwater lakes, occasionally exceeding summer values. We did not find highly synchronous CHL dynamics across the basin, but instead show that temporal trends were independent among river reaches and lotic-lentic areas of the river. Moreover, after accounting for these spatial dynamics, we found that CHL was most responsive to winter air temperature, being consistently higher in years with warmer winters across the basin. These results indicate that although productivity dynamics are highly dynamic within large river ecosystems, changes in the duration and severity of winter may uniformly increase wintertime productivity.
Jaeger WK, Scheuerell MD (2023) Return(s) on investment: Restoration spending in the Columbia River Basin and increased abundance of salmon and steelhead. PLoS ONE 18(7): e0289246. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289246 \| Abstract	July 2023	The decline in salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia River Basin has been well documented, as have the decades-long, $9 billion restoration spending efforts by federal and state agencies. These efforts are mainly tied to Endangered Species Act (ESA) mandates for recovery of wild, naturally-spawning threatened or endangered fish species. The impact of these efforts remains poorly understood; many observers, including the federal courts, have long been concerned by the lack of evidence of recovery. Most studies evaluating restoration efforts have examined individual projects for specific species, reaches, or life stages, which limits the ability to make broad inferences at the basin level. There is a need to ask: is there evidence of an overall increase in wild fish abundance associated with the totality of these recovery efforts? To that end, the current study estimates fixed-effects panel regression models of adult returns of four species. Results indicate that restoration spending combined with hatchery production are associated with substantial increases in returning adult fish. Evidence of benefits to wild fish alone, however, require indirect approaches given the commingling of restoration spending with spending on hatchery releases, the impacts of spending on hatchery fish survival, and the density dependence effects of hatchery releases. To accomplish this, the model’s predicted adult returns (both hatchery and wild fish) attributed to both spending and hatchery releases are compared to independent estimates of returning hatchery fish based on hatchery survival estimates (smolt-to-adult ratios). The comparison finds the model-predicted levels of adult returns due to spending and hatchery releases do not exceed the survival-rate based estimates for hatcheries alone, so that we are unable to reject the hypothesis of no benefits to wild fish from the restoration spending.
Independent Scientific Advisory Board. 2011. Columbia River Food Webs: Developing a Broader Scientific Foundation for Fish and Wildlife Restoration. Document ISAB 2011-1. Northwest Power and Conservation Council, Portland, Oregon, USA. HTTP://WWW.NWCOUNCIL.ORG/LIBRARY/ISAB/2011-1 \| Publisher Website	January 2011
Huber, H. R., S. J. Jeffries, R. F. Brown, R. L. DeLong, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2001. Correcting aerial survey counts of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) in Washington and Oregon. Marine Mammal Science 17: 276-293	April 2001
Hovel, R.A., D.A. Beauchamp, M.H. Sorel, and A.G. Hansen. 2015. Development of a bioenergetics model for the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 144:1311-1321. DOI: 10.1080/00028487.2015.1079554 \| Abstract	October 2015	The Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus is widely distributed across northern hemisphere ecosystems, has ecological influence as an abundant planktivore, and is commonly used as a model organism, but the species lacks a comprehensive model to describe bioenergetic performance in response to varying environmental or ecological conditions. This study parameterized a bioenergetics model for the Threespine Stickleback using laboratory measurements to determine mass- and temperature-dependent functions for maximum consumption and routine respiration costs. Maximum consumption experiments were conducted across a range of temperatures from 7.5C to 23.0C and a range of fish weights from 0.5 to 4.5 g. Respiration experiments were conducted across a range of temperatures from 8C to 28C. Model sensitivity was consistent with other comparable models in that the mass-dependent parameters for maximum consumption were the most sensitive. Growth estimates based on the Threespine Stickleback bioenergetics model suggested that 22C is the optimal temperature for growth when food is not limiting. The bioenergetics model performed well when used to predict independent, paired measures of consumption and growth observed from a separate wild population of Threespine Sticklebacks. Predicted values for consumption and growth (expressed as percent body weight per day) only deviated from observed values by 2.0%. Our model should provide insight into the physiological performance of this species across a range of environmental conditions and be useful for quantifying the trophic impact of this species in food webs containing other ecologically or economically important species.
Houghton, J., M.M. Holt, D.A. Giles, M.B. Hanson, C.K. Emmons, J.T. Hogan, T.A. Branch, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2015. The relationship between vessel traffic and noise levels received by killer whales (Orcinus orca). PLoS ONE 10 (12): e0140119. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140119 (20 pages).	December 2015
Hostetter NJ, NJ Lunn, ES Richardson, EV Regehr, and SJ Converse. 2021. Age-structured Jolly-Seber model expands inference and improves parameter estimation from capture-recapture data. PLOS ONE 16:e0252748. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252748	June 2021
Hostetter NJ, EV Regehr, RR Wilson, JA Royle, and SJ Converse. 2022. Modeling spatiotemporal abundance and movement dynamics using an integrated spatial capture-recapture movement model. Ecology:e3772.	May 2022
Holsman, K. K., D. A. Armstrong, D. A. Beauchamp, and J. R. Ruesink. 2003. The necessity for intertidal foraging by estuarine populations of subadult Dungeness crab, Cancer magister: evidence from a bioenergetics model. Estuaries26:1155-1173.	October 2003
Hoberecht, L. K., D. J. Vos, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2006. A remote biopsy system used to sample Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) blubber. Marine Mammal Science 22: 683-689.	July 2006
Himes Boor GK, TL McGuire, AJ Warlick, RL Taylor, SJ Converse, JR McClung, AD Stephens. 2023. Estimating reproductive and juvenile survival rates when offspring ages are uncertain: a novel multievent mark-resight model with beluga whale case study. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 14:631-642.	February 2023
Hemming V, AE Camaclang, M Adams, M Burgman, K Carbeck, J Carwardine, I Chades, L Chalifour, SJ Converse, LNK Davidson, GE Garrard, R Finn, J Fleri, J Huard, HJ Mayfield, E McDonald Madden, I Naujokaitis-Lewis, H Possingham, L Rumpff, MC Runge, D Stewart, VJD Tulloch, T Walshe, and TG Martin. 2022. An introduction to decision science for conservation. Conservation Biology 36:e13868.	December 2021
Hauser, D. D. W., M. G. Logsdon, E. E. Holmes, G. R. VanBlaricom, and R. W. Osborne. 2007. Summer distribution patterns of Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca): evidence of core areas and spatial segregation of social groups. Marine Ecology Progress Series 351: 301-310.	December 2007
Hauser, D. D. W., G. R. VanBlaricom, E. E. Holmes, and R. W. Osborne. 2006. Capitalizing on platforms of opportunity: Can whalewatch data be used reliably for cetacean distribution studies? Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 8: 273-281	December 2006
Hansen, A.G., and D.A. Beauchamp.2015. Latitudinal and photic effects on diel foraging and predation risk in pelagic ecosystems. Journal of Animal Ecology 84:532–544. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12295 doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12295 \| Abstract	January 2015	1. Clark & Levy (American Naturalist, 131, 1988, 271–290) described an antipredation window for smaller planktivorous fish during crepuscular periods when light permits feeding on zooplankton, but limits visual detection by piscivores. Yet, how the window is influenced by the interaction between light regime, turbidity and cloud cover over a broad latitudinal gradient remains unexplored. 2. We evaluated how latitudinal and seasonal shifts in diel light regimes alter the foragingrisk environment for visually feeding planktivores and piscivores across a natural range of turbidities and cloud covers. Pairing a model of aquatic visual feeding with a model of sun and moon illuminance, we estimated foraging rates of an idealized planktivore and piscivore over depth and time across factorial combinations of latitude (0–70°), turbidity (01–5 NTU) and cloud cover (clear to overcast skies) during the summer solstice and autumnal equinox. We evaluated the foraging-risk environment based on changes in the magnitude, duration and peak timing of the antipredation window. 3. The model scenarios generated up to 10-fold shifts in magnitude, 24-fold shifts in duration and 55-h shifts in timing of the peak antipredation window. The size of the window increased with latitude. This pattern was strongest during the solstice. In clear water at low turbidity (01–05 NTU), peaks in the magnitude and duration of the window formed at 57–60° latitude, before falling to near zero as surface waters became saturated with light under a midnight sun and clear skies at latitudes near 70°. Overcast dampened the midnight sun enough to allow larger windows to form in clear water at high latitudes. Conversely, at turbidities ≥2 NTU, greater reductions in the visual range of piscivores than planktivores created a window for long periods at high latitudes. Latitudinal dependencies were essentially lost during the equinox, indicating a progressive compression of the window from early summer into autumn. 4. Model results show that diel-seasonal foraging and predation risk in freshwater pelagic ecosystems changes considerably with latitude, turbidity and cloud cover. These changes alter the structure of pelagic predator–prey interactions, and in turn, the broader role of pelagic consumers in habitat coupling in lakes. Key-words: antipredation window, diel, light, pelagic, piscivore, planktivore, predation risk, predator–prey interactions, turbidity, visual foraging
Hansen, A.G., and D.A. Beauchamp. 2014. Effects of prey abundance, distribution, pigmentation, and morphology on selection by a pelagic piscivore. Freshwater Biology 59:2328-2341. doi:10.1111/fwb.12436	September 2014
Hansen, A.G., D.A. Beauchamp, and E.R. Schoen. 2013. Effects of light and turbidity on the reaction distance of anadromous salmonids to prey of different sizes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142:854-867.	December 2013
Hansen, A.G., D.A. Beauchamp, and C.M. Baldwin. 2013. Environmental stress mediates the foraging success of apex predators in a pelagic system. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142:300-316.	January 2013
Grue, C., D. Pflugh, W. Turner, P. Iolavera, and F. Westerlund. 1999. Incorporating protection of biodiversity into county land use planning: A Gap Analysis pilot project in Pierce County, Washington. Gap Analysis Bulletin 8:43-47.	November 1999
Grue, C. E., S. C. Gardner and P. L. Gibert. 2002. On the significance ofpollutant-induced alterations in the behavior of fish and wildlife. Chapter 1 (pages 1-90) in G. DellOmo (ed. ) Behavioural Ecotoxicology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK	May 2002
Gerber, L. R., and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2001. Implications of three viability models for the conservation status of the western population of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus)Biological Conservation 102: 261-269.	December 2001
Gerber, L. R., W. Wooster, D. P. DeMaster, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 1999. Marine mammals: New objectives in fishery management. Reviews in Fisheries Science 7: 23-38.	March 1999
Gerber, L. R., K. E. Buenau, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2004. Density dependence and risk of extinction in a small population of sea otters. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 2741-2757.	December 2004
Gerber BD, SJ Converse, E Muths, HJ Crockett, BA Mosher, and LL Bailey. 2018. Identifying species conservation strategies to reduce disease-associated declines. Conservation Letters 11:1-10. \| Download	March 2018
Gerber BD, BA Mosher, LL Bailey, E Muths, HJ Crockett, and SJ Converse. 2024. Optimal management decisions are robust to unknown dynamics in an amphibian metapopulation plagued by disease. Animal Conservation 27:65-77.	February 2024
Gaynor, K. M., McInturff, A., & Brashares, J. S. (2022). Contrasting patterns of risk from human and non‐human predators shape temporal activity of prey. Journal of Animal Ecology, 91(1), 46-60. \| Abstract	January 2022	Spatiotemporal variation in predation risk arises from interactions between landscape heterogeneity, predator densities and predator hunting mode, generating landscapes of fear for prey species that can have important effects on prey behaviour and ecosystem dynamics. As widespread apex predators, humans present a significant source of risk for hunted animal populations. Spatiotemporal patterns of risk from hunters can overlap or contrast with patterns of risk from other predators. Human infrastructure can also reshape spatial patterns of risk by facilitating or impeding hunter or predator movement, or deterring predators that are themselves wary of humans. We examined how anthropogenic and natural landscape features interact with hunting modes of rifle hunters and mountain lions <i>Puma concolor</i> to generate spatiotemporal patterns of risk for their primary prey. We explored the implications of human-modified landscapes of fear for Columbian black-tailed deer <i>Odocoileus hemionus columbianus</i> in Mendocino County, California. We used historical harvest records, hunter GPS trackers and camera trap records of mountain lions to model patterns of risk for deer. We then used camera traps to examine deer spatial and temporal activity patterns in response to this variation in risk. Hunters and mountain lions exhibited distinct, contrasting patterns of spatiotemporal activity. Risk from rifle hunters, who rely on long lines of sight, was highest in open grasslands and near roads and was confined to the daytime. Risk from mountain lions, an ambush predator, was highest in dense shrubland habitat, farther from developed areas, and during the night and crepuscular periods. Areas of human settlement provided a refuge from both hunters and mountain lions. We found no evidence that deer avoided risk in space at the scale of our observations, but deer adjusted their temporal activity patterns to reduce the risk of encounters with humans and mountain lions in areas of higher risk. Our study demonstrates that interactions between human infrastructure, habitat cover and predator hunting mode can result in distinct spatial patterns of predation risk from hunters and other predators that may lead to trade-offs for prey species. However, distinct diel activity patterns of predators may create vacant hunting domains that reduce costly trade-offs for prey. Our study highlights the importance of temporal partitioning as a mechanism of predation risk avoidance.
Garrard GE, L Rumpff, MC Runge, and SJ Converse. 2017. Rapid prototyping for decision structuring: an efficient approach to conservation decision analysis. Pages 46-64 in Bunnefeld N, E Nicholson, and EJ Milner-Gulland, editors. Decision-making in conservation and natural resource management: models for interdisciplinary approaches. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.	June 2017
Gardner, S. C., C. E. Grue and W. W. Major III. 2001. Aquaticinvertebrates associated with purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), cattail (Typha latifolia), and bulrush (Scirpus acutus) in centralWashington, USA. Wetlands 21:593-601	December 2001
Gardner B, BT McClintock, SJ Converse, and NJ Hostetter. 2022. Integrated animal movement and spatial capture-recapture models: simulation, implementation, and inference. Ecology:e3771.	May 2022
Furey, N.B., S.G. Hinch, M.G. Mesa, and D.A. Beauchamp. Piscivorous fish exhibit temperature-influenced binge feeding during an annual prey pulse. Journal of Animal Ecology. 85:1307-1317. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12565 \| Abstract	August 2016	Summary 1. Understanding the limits of consumption is important for determining trophic influences on ecosystems and predator adaptations to inconsistent prey availability. Fishes have been observed to consume beyond what is sustainable (i.e. digested on a daily basis), but this phenomenon of hyperphagia (or binge-feeding) is largely overlooked. We expect hyperphagia to be a short-term (1-day) event that is facilitated by gut volume providing capacity to store consumed food during periods of high prey availability to be later digested. 2. We define how temperature, body size, and food availability influence the degree of binge-feeding by comparing field observations with laboratory experiments of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a large freshwater piscivore that experiences highly variable prey pulses. We also simulated bull trout consumption and growth during smolt outmigrations under two scenarios: 1) daily consumption being dependent upon bioenergetically-sustainable rates, and 2) daily consumption being dependent upon available gut volume (i.e. consumption is equal to gut volume when empty, and otherwise “topping off” based on sustainable digestion rates). 3. One-day consumption by lab-held bull trout during the first day of feeding experiments after fasting exceeded bioenergetically-sustainable rates by > 80-fold at low temperatures (3° C) and by ~1.3-fold at 20° C. The degree of binge-feeding by bull trout in the field was slightly reduced but largely in agreement with lab estimates, especially when prey availability was extremely high (during a sockeye salmon [Oncorhynchus nerka] smolt outmigration and at a counting fence where smolts are funnelled into high densities). Consumption by bull trout at other settings were lower and more variable, but still regularly hyperphagic. 4. Simulations demonstrated the ability to binge-feed increased cumulative consumption (16-32%) and cumulative growth (19-110%) relative to only feeding at bioenergetically sustainable rates during the ~1 month smolt outmigration period. 5. Our results indicate the ability for predators to maximize short-term consumption when prey are available can be extreme and is limited primarily by gut volume, then mediated by temperature; thus predator-prey relationships may be more dependent upon prey availability than traditional bioenergetics models suggest. Binge-feeding has important implications for energy budgets of consumers as well as acute predation impacts on prey.
Furey, N.B., S.G. Hinch, A.G. Lotto, and D.A. Beauchamp. 2015. Extensive feeding on sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts by bull trout Salvelinus confluentus during initial outmigration into a small, unregulated, and inland British Columbia river. Journal of Fish Biology 86:392–401. doi:10.1111/jfb.12567 \| Abstract	January 2015	Stomach contents were collected and analyzed from bull trout Salvelinus confluentus at the edge of the Chilko Lake and Chilko River in British Columbia, Canada. Virtually all identifiable prey items were outmigrating sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka smolts, and stomach contents represented a large portion of estimated S. confluentus mass. The results demonstrate nearly exclusive and intense feeding by S. confluentus on outmigrant smolts, and supports recent telemetry observations of high disappearance rates of O. nerka smolts leaving large natural lake systems prior to entering high-order unregulated river systems.
Funk WC, BR Forester, SJ Converse, C Darst, and S Morey. 2019. Improving conservation policy with genomics: a guide to integrating adaptive potential into U.S. Endangered Species Act decisions for conservation practitioners and geneticists. Conservation Genetics 20:115-134.	August 2018
Friedman, C.S., N. Wight, L.M. Crosson, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2012. Resistance to bacterial disease in abalones: Role of host and bacterial hyperparasite. Abstract. Journal of Shellfish Research 31: 285-286.	April 2012
Friedman, C.S., N. Wight, L. Crosson, G.R. VanBlaricom, and K.D. Lafferty. 2014. Reduced disease in black abalone following mass mortality: Phage therapy and natural selection. Frontiers in Microbiology 5:78. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00078. \| Abstract \| Download \| Publisher Website	March 2014	Friedman, C.S., N. Wight, L. Crosson, G.R. VanBlaricom, and K.D. Lafferty. 2014. Reduced disease in black abalone following mass mortality: Phage therapy and natural selection. Frontiers in Micronbiology 5:78. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00078. Abstract Black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, populations along the NE Pacific ocean have declined due to the rickettsial disease withering syndrome (WS). Natural recovery on San Nicolas Island (SNI) off Southern California suggested the development of resistance in island populations. Experimental challenges in one treatment demonstrated that progeny of disease-selected black abalone from SNI survived better than did those from naïve black abalone from Carmel Point (CP) in mainland coastal central California. Unexpectedly, the presence of a newly observed bacteriophage infecting the WS rickettsia (WS-RLO) had strong effects on the survival of infected abalone. Specifically, presence of phage-infected RLO (RLOv) reduced the host response to infection, RLO infection loads, and associated mortality. These data suggest that the black abalone: WS44 RLO relationship is evolving through dual host mechanisms of resistance to RLO infection in the digestive gland via tolerance to infection in the primary target tissue (the post-esophagus) coupled with reduced pathogenicity of the WS-RLO by phage infection, which effectively reduces the infection load in the primary target tissue by half. Sea surface temperature patterns off southern California, associated with a recent hiatus in global-scale ocean warming, do not appear to be a sufficient explanation for survival patterns in SNI black abalone. These data highlight the potential for natural recovery of abalone populations over time and that further understanding of mechanisms governing host-parasite relationships will better enable us to manage declining populations.
Frew, J.A. and C.E. Grue. 2012. Development of a new method for the determination of residues of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) using ELISA detection. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 14:1024-1034.	March 2012
French Jr JB, SJ Converse, and JE Austin, editors. 2019. Whooping Cranes: Biology and Conservation. Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes. Academic Press, London, UK.	September 2018
French JB Jr, SJ Converse, and JE Austin. 2019. Whooping cranes past and present. Pages 3-16 in French Jr JB, SJ Converse, and JE Austin, editors. Whooping Cranes: Biology and Conservation. Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes. Academic Press, London, UK.	September 2018
Foster, M. S., and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2001. Spatial variation in kelp forest communities along the Big Sur Coast of central California, USA. Cryptogamie Algologie 22: 173-186.	July 2001
Ferrero, R. C., R. C. Hobbs, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2002. Indications of habitat use patterns among small cetaceans in the Central North Pacific Ocean based on fisheries observer data. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 4: 311-321.	December 2002
Fanshawe, S., G. R. VanBlaricom, and A. A. Shelly. 2003. Restored top carnivores as detriments to the performance of marine protected areas intended for fishery sustainability: A case study with red abalones and sea otters. Conservation Biology 17: 273-283.	February 2003
Ewen JG, S Canessa, SJ Converse, and KA Parker. 2023. Decision making in animal translocations: biological considerations and beyond. Pages 108-148 in MJ Gaywood, JG Ewen, PM Hollingsworth, and A Moehrenschlager. Conservation Translocations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.	January 2023
Estes, J. A., G. B. Rathbun, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 1993. Paradigms for managing carnivores: The case of the sea otter. Pages 307-320 in N. Dunstone and M. L. Gorman (editors). Mammals as predators. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, number 65. Clarendon Press, Oxford.	June 1993
Ellis, B.K., J.A. Stanford, D.G. Goodman, C.P. Stafford, D.L. Gustafson, D.A. Beauchamp, D.W. Chess, J.A. Craft, M.A. Deleray, and B.S. Hansen. 2011. Long-term effects of a trophic cascade in a large lake ecosystem. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 108:1070-1075. \| Download	January 2011
Elfes, C.T., G.R. VanBlaricom, D. Boyd, J. Calambokidis, P.J. Clapham, R.W. Pearce, J. Robbins, J.C. Salinas, J.M. Straley, P.R. Wade, and M.M. Krahn. 2010 Geographic variation of persistant organic pollutant levels in humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) feeding areas of the North Pacific and North Atlantic. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 29: 824-834.	April 2010
Edwards HA, SJ Converse, KD Swan, and A Moehrenschlager. 2022. Trading off hatching success and cost in the captive breeding of Whooping Cranes. Animal Conservation 25:101-109.	July 2021
Duffy, E.J., and D.A. Beauchamp. 2011. Rapid growth in the early marine period improves marine survival of Puget Sound Chinook salmon. Canadian Journal of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences 68:232-240. \| Download	February 2011
Duffy, E.J., D.A. Beauchamp, R. Sweeting, R. Beamish, and J. Brennan. 2010. Ontogenetic diet shifts of juvenile Chinook salmon in nearshore and offshore habitats of Puget Sound. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 139:803-823.	March 2010
Duffy, E. J., and D. A. Beauchamp. 2008. Seasonal piscivory by coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Puget Sound: implications for juvenile salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137:165-181.	January 2008
Duffy, E. J., D. A. Beauchamp, R. M. Buckley. 2005. Early marine life history of juvenile Pacific salmon in two regions of Puget Sound. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 64:94-107	September 2005
Doll CF, SJ Converse, and CB Schultz. 2022. Non-target effects of herbicides on the Zerene silverspot butterfly, a surrogate for the Oregon silverspot butterfly. Journal of Insect Conservation 26:1-15.	January 2022
Doll CF, SJ Converse, CB Edwards, and CB Schultz. 2022. Using structured decision making to guide habitat restoration for butterflies. Journal of Insect Conservation 26:219-230.	March 2022
Dean, T. A., J. L. Bodkin, B. E. Ballachey, A. K. Fukuyama, S. C. Jewett, D. H. Monson, C. E. O'Clair, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2002. Food limitation and the recovery of sea otters following the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Marine Ecology Progress Series 241: 255-270.	October 2002
DeFilippo LB, Buehrens TW, Scheuerell M, Kendall NW, Schindler DE. 2021. Improving short-term recruitment forecasts for natural origin coho salmon using a spatiotemporal integrated population model. Fisheries Research 242: 106014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2021.106014 \| Abstract \| Download \| Publisher Website	October 2021	Fishery managers often rely on forecasts of future population abundance to set allowable harvest quotas or exploitation rates. While there has been substantial research devoted to identifying environmental factors that can predict recruitment for individual populations, such correlations often degrade over time, thereby limiting their utility for management. Conversely, examining multiple populations at once to detect shared, spatially structured patterns can offer insights into their recruitment dynamics that are advantageous for forecasting. Here, we develop a population dynamics model for coho salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) stocks in Washington State that leverages spatial and temporal autocorrelation in marine survival to improve one-year-ahead forecasts of adult returns. Executed in a Bayesian hierarchical integrated modelling framework, our spatiotemporal approach incorporates multiple data types and shares information among stocks to estimate key biological parameters that are informative for forecasting. Retrospective evaluation of one-year-ahead forecast skill indicated that the spatiotemporal integrated population model outperformed existing forecasts of Washington state coho salmon returns by ~25-38% on average. Our results add to a growing body of work demonstrating the utility of spatiotemporal and integrated approaches for modelling population dynamics, and the framework developed here has broad applications to the assessment and management of coho salmon in Washington State and throughout their range.
Curran, C. A., J. M. Grassley and C. E. Grue. 2004. Toxicity of R-11(R) surfactant to juvenile rainbow trout: Does size matter? Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 72:401-408.	February 2004
Cummings JW, SJ Converse, DR Smith, S Morey, and MC Runge. 2018. Implicit decision framing as an unrecognized source of confusion in endangered species classification. Conservation Biology 32:1246-1254.	December 2018
Cummings JW, SJ Converse, CT Moore, DR Smith, CT Nichols, NL Allan, and CM O'Meilia. 2017. A projection of lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) populations range-wide. USGS Open File Report 2017-1071. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171071 \| Download	August 2017
Crosson, L.M., S. Roberts, G.R. VanBlaricom, and C.S. Friedman. 2012. A transcriptomic approach in search of disease resistance in endangered black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii). Abstract. Journal of Shellfish Research 31: 272.	April 2012
Crosson, L.M., N. Wight, G.R. VanBlaricom, I. Kiryu, J.D. Moore, and C.S. Friedman. 2014. Withering syndrome: Distribution, impacts, current diagnostic methods and new findings. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 108: 261-270. doi: 10.3354/dao02713. \| Abstract	April 2014	Withering Syndrome, WS, is a fatal disease of abalone caused by a Rickettsia-like organism (WS-RLO). The causative agent, “Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis”, occurs along the eastern Pacific margin of North America in California, USA and Baja California, Mexico. However, as infected abalones have been transported to Chile, China (People’s Rep. of), Taiwan, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Spain, Thailand, and most recently Japan, and possibly other countries, the geographical range of the etiological agent is suspected to be broad where California red abalones, Haliotis rufescens, are cultured or in areas where native species have been exposed to this species. Susceptibility varies among species with up to 99% losses of black abalone, H. cracherodii, in lab and field studies in the USA to no losses among H. diversicolor supertexta in Thailand. Some populations that have suffered catastrophic losses to WS have developed an increased resistance to the disease. In addition, a newly identified phage hyperparasite of the WS-RLO may reduce pathogenicity and dampen losses from the WS-RLO. Diagnosis of WS requires the identification of infection with the pathogen (WS-RLO via in situ hybridization or via histology coupled with PCR and sequence analysis) accompanied by morphological changes that characterize this disease (e.g. pedal and digestive gland atrophy, and digestive gland metaplasia). A real-time PCR (qPCR) assay has been developed and may be useful in quantifying amounts of pathogen DNA. Confirmation of infection by the WS-RLO cannot be done by PCR analysis alone as this method only detects pathogen DNA, but can be used as a proxy for infection in areas where the agent is established. Control measures include avoidance, culling infected animals and, as per federal regulations, oral or bath treatment with oxytetracycline. Avoidance is best accomplished by the establishment of a health history and multiple health examinations prior to movement of animals. Although histology or in situ hybridization are required to confirm infection, qPCR is able to detect small amounts of pathogen DNA and is advised to be included as part of health examinations.
Cross, A.D., D.A. Beauchamp, J.H. Moss, K.W. Myers. 2009. Interannual variability in early marine growth, size-selective mortality, and marine survival for Prince William Sound pink salmon. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management and Ecosystem Science 1:57-70.	May 2009
Cross, A. D., D. A. Beauchamp, K. W. Myers and J. H. Moss. Early marine growth of pink salmon in Prince William Sound and the coastal Gulf of Alaska during years of low and high survival. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137:927-939.	May 2008
Cross, A. D., D. A. Beauchamp, J. H. Moss, K. W. Myers, J. L. Armstrong, J. L. Boldt, N. D. Davis, L. J. Haldorson, and R V. Walker. 2005. Modeling bioenergetics of juvenile pink salmon in Prince William Sound and the coastal Gulf of Alaska. Deep Sea Research II 52:247-265.	July 2005
Converse, S. J., S. Servanty, C. T. Moore, and M. C. Runge. 2019. Population dynamics of reintroduced Whooping Cranes. Pages 139-160 in French, Jr, J. B., S. J. Converse, and J. E. Austin, editors. Whooping Cranes: Biology and Conservation. Academic Press, London, UK. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803555-9.00007-4	January 2019
Converse SJ. 2020. Prioritizing uncertainties to improve management of a reintroduction program. Pages 214-224 in Runge MC, SJ Converse, JE Lyons, and DR Smith. Structured decision making: case studies in natural resource management. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA.	May 2020
Converse SJ. 2020. Introduction to multi-criteria decision analysis. Pages 51-61 in Runge MC, SJ Converse, JE Lyons, and DR Smith. Structured decision making: case studies in natural resource management. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA.	May 2020
Converse SJ, French JB Jr, and JE Austin. 2019. Future of Whooping Crane conservation and science. Pages 505-516 in French Jr JB, SJ Converse, and JE Austin, editors. Whooping Cranes: Biology and Con¬servation. Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes. Academic Press, London, UK.	September 2018
Converse SJ, BT McClintock, and PB Conn. 2022. Special Feature: Linking capture-recapture and movement. Ecology: e3770.	May 2022
Converse SJ, BN Strobel, and JA Barzen. 2019. Reproductive failure in the eastern migratory population: the interaction of research and management. Pages 161-178 in French Jr JB, SJ Converse, and JE Austin, editors. Whooping Cranes: Biology and Conservation. Biodiversity of the World: Conservation from Genes to Landscapes. Academic Press, London, UK.	September 2018
Converse SJ, B Gardner, and S Morey. 2020. Reserve design for prairie-dependent taxa in South Puget Sound. Pages 124-134 in Runge MC, SJ Converse, JE Lyons, and DR Smith. Structured decision making: case studies in natural resource management. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA.	May 2020
Converse SJ and HA Sipe. 2021. Finding the win-win strategies in endangered species conservation. Animal Conservation 24:161-162.	April 2021
Converse SJ and EHC Grant. 2019. A three-pipe problem: dealing with complexity to halt amphibian declines. Biological Conservation 236:107-114.	August 2019
Clement MJ, SJ Converse, and JA Royle. 2017. Accounting for imperfect detection of groups and individuals when estimating abundance. Ecology and Evolution 7:7304–7310.	August 2017
Ciancio, J., D.A. Beauchamp, and M. Pascual. 2010. Marine effect of introduced salmonids: Prey consumption by exotic steelhead and anadromous brown trout in the Patagonian continental shelf. Limnology and Oceanography 55:2181-2192.	September 2010
Ciancio, J. E., M. A. Pascual, and D. A. Beauchamp. 2007. Energy density of Patagonian aquatic organisms and empirical predictions based on water content. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136:1415-1422.	September 2007
Chambers, M., H. Hurn, C. S. Friedman, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2005. Drift card simulation of larval dispersal from San Nicolas Island, California, during black abalone spawning season. Pages 421-434 in D. K. Garcelon and C. A. Schwemm (editors). Proceedings of the Sixth California Islands Symposium, Ventura, California, 1-3 December 2005. Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California, USA.	August 2005
Chambers, M. D., G. R. VanBlaricom, L. Hauser, F. Utter, and C. S. Friedman. 2006. Genetic structure of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) populations in the California islands and central California coast: Impacts of larval dispersal and decimation from Withering Syndrome. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 331: 173-185.	April 2006
Cassidy, K. M., and C. E. Grue. 2000. The role of private and public landsin conservation of at-risk vertebrates in Washington State. WildlifeSociety Bulletin 28:1060-1076	December 2000
Carter, S. K., and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2002. Effects of experimental harvest on red sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, in northern Washington. Fishery Bulletin 100: 662-673.	October 2002
Carter, S. K., G. R. VanBlaricom, and B. L. Allen. 2007. Testing the generality of the trophic cascade paradigm for sea otters: a case study with kelp forests in northern Washington, USA. Hydrobiologia 579: 233-249.	February 2007
Cannon, C.E., McInturff, A., Alagona, P. and Pellow, D., 2023. Wild Urban Injustice: A Critical POET Model to Advance Environmental Justice. Environmental Justice. \| Abstract	February 2023	<b><i>Background:</i></b> People and wildlife can both be the subjects of environmental injustice. Although their experiences are clearly not the same, shared logics of oppression often impose harms through the environment on vulnerable and marginalized people and free-living nonhuman animals. Critical environmental justice provides a matrix for analyzing and addressing arrangements of power across categories of difference, whereas human ecology approaches offer frameworks for analyzing interactions across human and environmental systems in urban contexts. We develop a new analytical model—critical population, organization, environment, technology (POET)—to strengthen approaches to studying human–environmental problems by integrating the four pillars of critical environmental justice with the four dimensions of the human ecology POET model.<br><b><i>Methods:</i></b> This article uses a case study approach of coyotes living in urban areas to demonstrate one use of the critical POET model to analyze linkages between injustices across humans, wildlife, and the environment.<br><b><i>Results:</i></b> Urbanization as a core spatial logic—through the twin forces of institutional racism and speciesism—has perpetrated harms against people of color and coyotes.<br><b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Identifying shared logics of oppression is a key step toward the realization of a robust multispecies approach to environmental justice.<br><b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The critical POET model provides a matrix for analyzing interactions and relationships that produce and maintain social and environmental injustices for historically and contemporarily marginalized groups, both human and nonhuman.
Calhoun, Kendall, Thomas Connor , Kaitlyn M. Gaynor, Amy Van Scoyoc, Alex McInturff, Samantha E.S. Kreling, Justin S. Brashares. "Movement behavior in a dominant ungulate underlies successful adjustment to a rapidly changing landscape following megafire." Movement Ecology. \| Abstract	December 2024	Background:<br>Movement plays a key role in allowing animal species to adapt to sudden environmental shifts. Anthropogenic climate and land use change have accelerated the frequency of some of these extreme disturbances, including megafire. These megafires dramatically alter ecosystems and challenge the capacity of several species to adjust to a rapidly changing landscape. Ungulates and their movement behaviors play a central role in the ecosystem functions of fire-prone ecosystems around the world. Previous work has shown behavioral plasticity is an important mechanism underlying whether large ungulates are able to adjust to recent changes in their environments effectively. Ungulates may respond to the immediate effects of megafire by adjusting their movement and behavior, but how these responses persist or change over time following disturbance is poorly understood.<br>Methods:<br>We examined how an ecologically dominant ungulate with strong site fidelity, Columbian black-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus columbianus</i>), adjusted its movement and behavior in response to an altered landscape following a megafire. To do so, we collected GPS data from 21 individual female deer over the course of a year and used resource selection functions (RSFs) and hidden Markov movement models (HMMs) to assess changes in behavior and habitat selection.<br>Results:<br>We found compelling evidence of adaptive capacity across individual deer in response to megafire. Deer avoided exposed and severely burned areas that lack forage and could be riskier for predation immediately following megafire, but they later altered these behaviors to select for areas that burned at higher severities, potentially to take advantage of enhanced forage.<br>Conclusions:<br>These results suggest that despite their high site fidelity, deer can navigate altered landscapes to track rapid shifts in predation risk and resource availability. This successful adjustment of movement and behavior following extreme disturbance could help facilitate resilience at broader ecological scales.
Calhoun, Kendall, Benjamin R. Goldstein, Kaitlyn M. Gaynor, Alex McInturff, Leonel Solorio, Justin S. Brashares. "Mammalian resilience to megafire in western U.S. woodland savannas." In press. Ecological Applications \| Abstract	December 2022	Increasingly frequent megafires are dramatically altering landscapes and critical habitats around the world. Across the western United States, megafires have become an almost annual occurrence, but the implication of these fires for the conservation of native wildlife remains relatively unknown. Woodland savannas are among the world’s most biodiverse ecosystems and provide important food and structural resources to a variety of wildlife, but they are threatened by megafires. Despite this, the great majority of fire impact studies have only been conducted in coniferous forests. Understanding the resistance and resilience of wildlife assemblages following these extreme perturbations can help inform future management interventions that limit biodiversity loss due to megafire. We assessed the resistance of a woodland savanna mammal community to the short-term impacts of megafire using camera trap data collected before, during, and after the fire. Specifically, we utilized a 5-year camera trap data set (2016–2020) from the Hopland Research and Extension Center to examine the impacts of the 2018 Mendocino Complex Fire, California’s largest recorded wildfire at the time, on the distributions of eight observed mammal species. We used a multispecies occupancy model to quantify the effects of megafire on species’ space use, to assess the impact on species size and diet groups, and to create robust estimates of fire’s impacts on species diversity across space and time. Megafire had a negative effect on the detection of certain mammal species, but overall, most species showed high resistance to the disturbance and returned to detection and site use levels comparable to unburned sites by the end of the study period. Following megafire, species richness was higher in burned areas that retained higher canopy cover relative to unburned and burned sites with low canopy cover. Fire management that prevents large-scale canopy loss is critical to providing refugia for vulnerable species immediately following fire in oak woodlands, and likely other mixed-forest landscapes.
Calhoun, Kendall L., et al. "Spatial overlap of wildfire and biodiversity in California highlights gap in non‐conifer fire research and management." Diversity and Distributions 28.3 (2022): 529-541. \| Abstract	March 2022	Aim <br>Global change has spurred the escalation of megafires in California over the last 20 years throughout a variety of ecosystems. Here, we examine the spatial distribution of California wildfires and megafires from the last two decades (2000–2020) in relation to ecosystem types and biodiversity metrics. We offer insights into the prevalence of fire across vegetation types and its potential implications for biodiversity, and for fire and land management. These results challenge the prevailing discourse that wildfire in California is chiefly an issue of forest management.<br> <br>Location <br>California, United States of America.<br> <br>Methods <br>We calculated burned area across vegetation types from 2000 to 2020 by integrating fire perimeter and land cover data and compared this to a content analysis of coverage of wildfires by media and scientific research across California. We then compared the distribution of fire perimeters across biodiversity metrics (richness and endemism) for five terrestrial taxonomic groups (birds, reptiles, plants, mammals and amphibians) and against the distribution of the wildland-urban interface (WUI).<br> <br>Results <br>Total burned area from 2000 to 2020 was highest in shrubland ecosystems (38%), followed by conifer (36%), hardwood (17%) and grasslands (9%). In aggregate, ecosystems other than conifer make up the majority (64%) of the area burned in wildfires over the last 20 years. Fires most likely to impact endemic species, overlap areas of high species richness or burn within the WUI occurred predominantly in non-conifer ecosystems.<br> <br>Main Conclusions <br>Fires outside of forests have burned biodiverse areas critical to endemic species, but recent research and management in fire ecology continues to focus disproportionately on forests.<br> Non-conifer forested areas in California represent an important gap in fire research and management. As fire regimes shift dramatically in the state, other ecosystem types must be part of the wider conversation on fire management and policies to better protect people and biodiversity.
Burger, J., K. Kannan, J. P. Giesy, C. Grue and M. Gochfeld. 2002. Effectsof pollutants on avian behaviour. Chapter 9 (pages 335-375) in G. DellOmo(ed. ) Behavioural Ecotoxicology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., West Sussex, UK	May 2002
Buchheister, A., M. T. Wilson, R. J. Foy, and D. A. Beauchamp. 2006. Seasonal and geographic variation in condition and whole body energy content of juvenile walleye pollock in the Western Gulf of Alaska. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135:897-907.	January 2006
Brusa JL, MT Farr, J Evenson, E Silverman, B Murphie, TA Cyra, H Tschaekofske, KA Spragens, and SJ Converse. 2024. Correcting for measurement errors in a long-term aerial survey with auxiliary photographic data. Ecosphere 15:e4961.	August 2024
Bradford, A.L., D.W. Weller, A.E. Punt, Y.V. Ivaschenko, A.M. Burdin, G.R. VanBlaricom, and R.L. Brownell, Jr. 2012. Leaner leviathans: Body condition variation in a critically endangered whale population. Journal of Mammalogy 93: 251-266.	February 2012
Bradford, A. L., P. R. Wade, D. W. Weller, A. M. Burdin, Y. V. Ivaschenko, G. A. Tsidulko, G. R. VanBlaricom, and R. L. Brownell Jr. 2006. Survival estimates of western gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) incorporating individual heterogeneity and temporary emigration. Marine Ecology Progress Series 315: 293-307.	June 2006
Boyd, C., R. Castillo, G. L. Hunt Jr, A. Punt, G. R. VanBlaricom, H. Weimerskirch, and S. Bertrand. 2015. Predictive modelling of habitat use by marine predators with respect to the abundance and depth distribution of pelagic prey. Journal of Animal Ecology 84: 1575-1588. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656-12409.	November 2015
Bodkin, J. L., B. E. Ballachey, T. A. Dean, A. K. Fukuyama, S. C. Jewett, L. L. McDonald, D. H. Monson, C. E. O'Clair, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2002. Sea otter population status and the process of recovery from the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Marine Ecology Progress Series 24: 237-253.	October 2002
Blaud, B.M., G.R. VanBlaricom, and M.J. Neuman. 2012. Significant wave height, tidal level, and distance between neighboring individuals of opposite sex affect probability for fertilization in spawning black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814). Abstract. Journal of Shellfish Research 31: 262-263.	April 2012
Beauchamp, D. A., and J. J. Van Tassell. 2001. Modeling trophic interactions of bull trout in Lake Billy Chinook, Oregon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130:204-216.	January 2001
Beauchamp, D. A., D. Wahl, and B. M. Johnson. 2007. Predator-Prey Interactions. Pages 765-832 in C. S. Guy and M. L. Brown, editors. Analysis and interpretation of inland fisheries data. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.	August 2007
Beauchamp, D. A., D. L. Parrish, and R. A. Whaley. 2009. Salmonids/coldwater species in large standing waters, Chapter 7, Pages 97-117 In S. Bonar, D. Willis, and W. Hubert, editors. Standard Sampling Methods for North American Freshwater Fishes. American Fisheries Society.	August 2009
Beauchamp, D. A., C. Sergeant, M. M. Mazur, J. M. Scheuerell, D. E. Schindler, M. D. Scheuerell, K. L. Fresh, D. E. Seiler, and T. P. Quinn. 2004. Temporal-spatial dynamics of early feeding demand and food supply for sockeye salmon fry in Lake Washington. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 133:1014-1032.	July 2004
Beauchamp, D. A., C. M. Baldwin, J. L. Vogel, and C. P. Gubala. 2000. Estimating diel, depth-specific foraging with a visual encounter rate model for pelagic piscivores. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56 (supplement 1):128-139.	January 2000
Beauchamp, D. A., A. D. Cross, J. Armstrong, K. W. Myers, J. H. Moss, J. L. Boldt, and L. J. Haldorson. 2007. Bioenergetic Responses by Pacific Salmon to Climate and Ecosystem Variation. North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Bulletin 4:257-268.	August 2007
Beauchamp, D. A. 2009. Bioenergetic Ontogeny: Linking climate and mass-specific feeding to life-cycle growth and survival of salmon. Pages 53-72 In C. Zimmerman and C. C. Krueger, editors. Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations. American Fisheries Society Symposium 70. Bethesda, Maryland.	December 2009
Beauchamp, D. A. 1999. Modeling food web interactions: A conceptual framework and applications for managing native-nonnative salmonids. Proceedings from the Symposium on: Management implications of Co-occurring native and introduced fishes. National Marine Fisheries Service and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Portland, OR	November 1999
Barzen JA, SJ Converse, PH Adler, A Lacy, E Gray, and A Gossens. 2018. Examination of multiple working hypotheses to address reproductive failure in reintroduced Whooping Cranes. The Condor 120:632-649.	August 2018
Banish, N. P., B. J. Adams, R. S. Shively, M. M. Mazur, D. A. Beauchamp, and T. M. Wood. (in press). Distribution and habitat associations of radio-tagged adult lost river and shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:153-168.	January 2009
Baldwin, C. M., D. A. Beauchamp, and J. J. Van Tassell. 2000. Bioenergetic assessment of salmonid predator-prey supply and demand in Strawberry Reservoir. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129:429-450	January 2000
Baldwin, C. M., D. A. Beauchamp, and C. P. Gubala. 2002. Temporal movement and distribution of cutthroat trout from ultrasonic telemetry. Transactionsof the American Fisheries Society 131:143-158.	January 2002
Bach, Bryan H., et al. "Identifying individual ungulates from fecal DNA: a comparison of field collection methods to maximize efficiency, ease, and success." Mammalian Biology (2022): 1-12. \| Abstract	February 2022	Non-invasive genetic sampling can facilitate the identification of individual animals across a landscape, with applications to management and conservation. Fecal material is a readily available source of DNA, and various methods exist for collecting fecal samples for DNA preservation. In particular, swab methods offer considerable promise, but their utility in real-world field contexts remains relatively untested. We systematically compared multiple genetic fecal sampling methods across all stages of data collection and analysis, including sampling in the field, DNA extraction in the lab, and identification of individuals using microsatellite genotyping. We collected 112 fecal samples from black-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus columbianus</i>) in the field in Mendocino County, California, across a range of sample conditions of unknown age. We systematically compared the efficiency, ease, and genotyping success of three methods for field collection and storage of ungulate fecal samples: whole pellets in ethanol, whole dry pellets in paper envelopes, and cotton swabs in buffer. Storage method, sample condition, and their interaction predicted genotyping success in the top binomial GLMMs. We found that swabbing pellets resulted in the greatest percentage of individually identifiable genotypes (81%, compared to 60% for dry samples and 56% for ethanol), despite lower DNA concentrations. While swabbing pellets requires a greater time investment in the field, the samples are easier and safer to store and transport, and subsequent labwork is more efficient as compared to whole-pellet collection methods. We, therefore, recommend the swab method for most contexts. We provide additional recommendations and field protocols based on subsequent collection of 2284 swab samples for a larger monitoring study of the deer population, given that this large number of samples spanned a range of sample conditions and time spent in storage.
Atcheson, M.E., K.M. Myers, D.A. Beauchamp, and N.J. Mantua. 2012. Bioenergetic response by steelhead to variation in diet, thermal habitat, and climate in the North Pacific Ocean. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 141:1081-1096.	January 2013
Arnold, L., M. D. Scheuerell, and T. Busch Isaksen. 2022. Mortality associated with extreme heat in Washington State: The historical and projected public health burden. Atmosphere 13: 1392. https:// doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091392 \| Download	August 2022
Armstrong, J. L., K. W. Myers, D. A. Beauchamp, N. D. Davis, R. V. Walker, J. L. Boldt, J. J. Piccolo, L. J. Haldorson, and J. H. Moss. 2008. Interannual and Spatial Feeding Patterns of Hatchery and Wild Juvenile Pink Salmon in the Gulf of Alaska in Years of Low and High Survival. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137:1299-1316.	August 2008
Armstrong, J. L., J. L. Boldt, A. D. Cross, J. H. Moss, N. D. Davis, Katherine W. Myers, R. V. Walker, D. A. Beauchamp, and L. J. Haldorson. 2005. Distribution, Size and Interannual, Seasonal and Diel Food Habits of Northern Gulf of Alaska Juvenile Pink Salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha. Deep Sea Research II 52:347-370.	July 2005
Anderson, Robert M., Susan Charnley, Kathleen Epstein, Kaitlyn M. Gaynor, Jeff Vance Martin, Alex McInturff. "The socioecology of fear: a critical geographical consideration of human-wolf-livestock conflict." The Canadian Geographer (intended). \| Abstract	December 2023	Animal fear can be an important driver of ecological community structure: predators affect prey not only through predation, but by inducing changes in behavior and distribution—a phenomenon evocatively called the “ecology of fear.” The return of wolves to the western United States is a notable instance of such dynamics, yet plays out in a complex <i>socio</i>-ecological system where efforts to mitigate impacts on livestock rely on manipulating wolves’ fear of people. Examining Washington state’s efforts to affect wolf behavior to reduce livestock predation, we argue that this approach to coexistence with wolves is predicated on relations of fear: people, livestock, and wolves can arguably share landscapes with minimal conflict, as long as wolves are adequately afraid. We introduce the “socioecology of fear” as an interdisciplinary framework for examining the interwoven social and ecological processes of human-wildlife conflict management. Beyond frequently-voiced ideas about wolves’ “innate” fear, we examine how fear is (re)produced through human-wolf interactions and deeply shaped by human social processes. We contribute to the Critical Physical Geography project by integrating critical social analysis with ecological theory, conducted through collaborative interdisciplinary dialogue. Such integrative practice is essential for understanding the complex challenges of managing wildlife in the Anthropocene.
Amburgey SM, AA Yackel Adams, B Gardner, NJ Hostetter, SR Siers, BT McClintock, and SJ Converse. 2021. Validation of camera trap-based abundance estimators for unmarked populations. Ecological Applications 31: e02410. \| Abstract	October 2021	Estimates of species abundance are critical to understand population processes and to assess and plan management actions. However, capturing and marking individuals for abundance estimation can be economically and logistically prohibitive, particularly for cryptic species. Camera traps can collect data at temporal and spatial scales necessary for estimating abundance, but the use of camera traps comes with limitations when target species are not uniquely identifiable (i.e., “unmarked”). Abundance estimation is particularly useful in the management of invasive species, and herpetofauna are being recognized as some of the most pervasive and detrimental invasive species. However, the use of camera traps for these taxa comes with additional challenges with relevancy across multiple taxa. It is often necessary to use lures to attract animals in order to obtain sufficient observations, yet lure-attraction can influence species’ landscape use and potentially induce bias in abundance estimators. We investigated these challenges and assessed the feasibility of obtaining reliable abundance estimates using camera trapping data on a population of invasive brown treesnakes (<i>Boiga irregularis</i>) in Guam. Data were collected using camera traps in an enclosed area where snakes were subject to high-intensity capture-recapture effort, resulting in presumed abundance of 116 snakes (density = 23/ha). We then applied Unmarked Spatial Capture-Recapture (USCR), Random Encounter and Staying Time, Space to Event, and Instantaneous Sampling estimators to photo-capture data to estimate abundance and compared estimates to our presumed abundance. We found that all estimators for unmarked populations performed poorly, with inaccurate or imprecise abundance estimates that limit their usefulness for management. We further investigated the sensitivity of these estimators to increasing lure attraction (i.e., violating the assumption that animal behavior is unchanged by sampling) and camera density. Increasing lure attraction and camera density both resulted in higher abundance estimates, with the USCR estimator particularly sensitive to changing camera density while other estimators were more sensitive to increasing lure attraction. Each estimator rarely recovered truth or suffered from convergence issues. Our results indicate that, when limited to unmarked estimators and the use of lures, camera traps alone are unlikely to produce abundance estimates with utility to managers.
Amburgey SM, AA Yackel Adams, B Gardner, B Lardner, AJ Knox, SJ Converse. 2021. Tools for increasing visual encounter probabilities for invasive species removal: a case study of brown treesnakes. Neobiota 70: 107-122. \| Abstract	December 2021	Early detection and rapid response (EDRR) are essential to identifying and decisively responding to the introduction or spread of an invasive species, thus avoiding population establishment and improving the probability of achieving eradication. However, detection can be challenging at the onset of a species invasion as low population densities can reduce detection probability and conceal the true extent of the situation until the species is well established. This is doubly challenging if the invading species displays cryptic behavior or is nocturnal, thus further limiting opportunities for its discovery. Survey methods that maximize a searcher’s ability to detect an incipient population are therefore critical for successful EDRR. Brown treesnakes (<i>Boiga irregularis</i>) on Guåhan are a classic cautionary example of the dangers of not detecting an invasion early on, and the risk of their introduction to other islands within the Marianas, Hawai’i and beyond remains. Nocturnal visual surveys are known to detect brown treesnakes of all sizes and are the primary detection tool used by the Brown Treesnake Rapid Response Team, but detection probability remains low in complex forest habitats. As such, we investigated the use of two potential enhancements to nocturnal visual surveys – a live mouse lure and spray scent attractant – that may create hotspots of increased detection probability during surveys. We found that, while brown treesnake detection probabilities were low for all surveys, visual surveys conducted on transects with live mouse lures resulted in detection probabilities that were 1.3 times higher than on transects without live mouse lures. Conversely, the spray scent attractant did not increase the probability of detecting brown treesnakes compared to transects without scent, and in fact had detection probabilities that were 0.66 times lower, though the reasons for this phenomenon are unclear. Unlike scent attractants, live mouse lures likely provide both visual and olfactory cues that attract brown treesnakes to transects and thus provide more opportunities to detect and capture them. These enhancements were trialed on Guåhan, where prey populations are depressed. It remains unclear whether live mouse lures will be as effective for EDRR applications in prey-rich settings.
Agness, A.M., K.N. Marshall, J.F. Piatt, J.C. Ha, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2013. Energy expense of vessel disturbance to individual Kittlitz’s murrelets. Marine Ornithology 41: 13-21.	June 2013
Agness, A. M., J. F. Piatt, J. C. Ha, and G. R. VanBlaricom. 2008. Effects of vessel activity on the nearshore ecology of the Kittlitz's Murrelet in Glacier Bay, Alaska. The Auk 125: 346-353	April 2008
Adler PH, J Barzen, E Gray, A Lacy, RP Urbanek, and SJ Converse. 2019. The dilemma of pest suppression in the conservation of endangered species. Conservation Biology 33:788-796.	August 2019
Abrahms, Briana, Neil H. Carter, T.J. Clark-Wolf, Kaitlyn M. Gaynor, Erik Johansson, Alex McInturff, Anna Nisi, Kasim Rafiq, Leigh West. "Climate change as a global amplifier of human-wildlife conflict." Nature Climate Change. In review \| Abstract	December 2023	Climate change and human-wildlife conflict are both pressing challenges for biodiversity conservation and human wellbeing in the Anthropocene. Climate change is a critical yet underappreciated amplifier of human-wildlife conflict, as it exacerbates resource scarcity, alters human and animal behaviors and distributions, and increases human-wildlife encounters. We synthesize evidence of climate-driven conflicts occurring among 10 taxonomic orders, on six continents, and in all five oceans. Such conflicts disrupt both subsistence livelihoods and industrial economies, and may accelerate the rate at which human-wildlife conflict drives wildlife declines. We introduce a framework describing distinct environmental, ecological, and sociopolitical pathways through which climate variability and change percolate through complex social-ecological systems to influence patterns and outcomes of human-wildlife interactions. Identifying these pathways allows for developing mitigation strategies and proactive policies to limit the impacts of human-wildlife conflict on biodiversity conservation and human wellbeing in a changing climate.
Abrahms B, CS Teitelbaum, T Mueller, and SJ Converse. 2022. Ontogenetic shifts from social to experiential learning drive avian migration timing. Nature Communications 12:7326.	December 2021

Presentations

Presentations	Presentation Date
Zerbini, A.N., A. Andriolo, M.P. Heide-Jørgensen, J.L. Pizzorno, Y.G. Maia, G.R. VanBlaricom, D.P. DeMaster, P.C. Simões-Lopes, S. Moreira, and C. Bethlem. Identification of a summering ground of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Sixteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. San Diego, California, USA.	December 2005
Zerbini, A.N., A. Andriolo, M.P. Heide-Jorgensen, J.L. Pizzorno, Y.G. Maia, G.R. VanBlaricom, D.P. DeMaster, P. Simoes-Lopes, and S. Moreira. 2004. Identification of a summering ground of humpback whales from Brazil: Preliminary results from satellite telemetry. Fifty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Scientific Committee, International Whaling Commission. Sorrento, Italy.	July 2004
Zerbini, A.N., A. Andriolo, J.M. da Rocha, P.C. Simoes-Lopes, S. Siciliano, J.L. Pizzorno, J.M. Waite, D.P. DeMaster and G.R. VanBlaricom. Winter distribution and abundance of humpback whales off northeastern Brazil. Fourteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada	December 2001
Zerbini, A.N., A. Andriolo, J.M. da Rocha, P.C. Simoes-Lopes, S. Siciliano, J.L. Pizzorno, J. Waite, D.P. DeMaster, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Winter distribution and abundance of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) off northeastern Brazil. Paper SC/53/IA2. Annual Meeting of the Scientific Committee, International Whaling Commission. London, United Kingdom	July 2001
Yahnke, A.E., C.E. Grue, and M.P. Hayes. 2012. Amphibian reproduction in residential stormwater ponds: What’s in it for the offspring? Surrounding habitat and residential contaminants. University of Washington Water Symposium, 18 April, University of Washington, Seattle, WA	April 2012
Yahnke, A.E., C.E. Grue, and M.P. Hayes. 2012. Amphibian reproduction and water quality in stormwater ponds. King County Department of Natural Resources, Water and Land Resources Division, 8 February, Seattle, WA.	February 2012
Yahnke, A.E., C.E. Grue, M.P. Hayes, and A.T. Troiano. 2012. Amphibian exposure to aquatic herbicides. California-Nevada Amphibian Populations Task Force, 12-13 January, Placerville, CA.	January 2012
Yahnke, A., A. Troiano, C. Grue, J. Tyson, and M. Hayes. 2012. Amphibian phenology and aquatic weed management in Washington State. Annual Meeting Olympic Knotweed Working Group, 16 November, Port Hadlock, WA.	November 2012	Summary of amphibian phenology and aquatic weed management in Washington State.
Yahnke, A. A. Troiano, J. Grassley, C. Grue, and M. Hayes. 2012. Effects of imazapyr tank mixes on juvenile Oregon spotted frogs. University of Washington Water Symposium, 18 April, University of Washington, Seattle, WA	April 2012
Yahnke, A. A. Troiano, J. Grassley, C. Grue, and M. Hayes. 2012. Effects of imazapyr tank mixes on juvenile Oregon spotted frogs. 31st Annual Meeting Western Aquatic Plant Management Society, 2-4 April, San Diego, CA.	April 2012
Yackel-Adams AA, SJ Converse, WA Link, B Lardner, and RN Reed. 2017. Improving early detection and rapid response for cryptic species: current analytical tools and future directions. Natural Areas Conference, Fort Collins CO, 10-12 October.	October 2017	This presentation will provide an overview of quantitative models developed to facilitate early detection to invasive species. Improved tools for early detection will improve the probability of successful eradication of invasives.
Yackel Adams AA, S Amburgey, SM Goetz, SR Siers, M Nafus, B Gardner, and SJ Converse. 2020. Optimizing brown treesnake monitoring strategies. Brown Treesnake Technical Working Group, Online. 9 Nov - 19 Nov.	November 2020	We describe ongoing work concerned with monitoring the invasive brown treesnakes on Guam. Methods and strategies for cost-effective monitoring will be critical to restoration of the species affected by this introduced predator.
Womble, J.N., M.F. Willson, M.F. Sigler, B.P. Kelly, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Spring-spawning fish aggregations: A seasonal feast for Steller sea lions. Symposium on Marine Science in the Northeast Pacific: Science for Resource-Dependent Communities. Anchorage, Alaska, USA	January 2003
Womble, J.N., M.F. Willson, M.F. Sigler, B.P. Kelly, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Seasonal distribution of Steller sea lions in relation to high-quality ephemeral prey species in southeastern Alaska. Annual Meeting, Alaska Chapter, Wildlife Society. Juneau, Alaska, USA.	April 2003
West L, K Rafiq, SJ Converse, AM Wilson, NR Jordan, KA Golabek, JW McNutt, and B Abrahms. 2024. Drought reshapes space use and intraguild overlap in an African large carnivore guild. North American Congress for Conservation Biology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 23-28 July.	June 2024	Extreme droughts are increasing in frequency and severity globally as a result of climate change, altering ecosystem dynamics. We examined the impacts of drought on the space use and spatial overlap of four African carnivores—African wild dogs (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>), cheetahs (<i>Acinonyx jubatus</i>), leopards (<i>Panthera pardus</i>), and lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>).
Weevils and Eurasian watermilfoil in Washington. Western Aquatic Plant Management Society, 21st Annual Meeting, 26-27 March 2002. Coeur D'Alene, ID.	March 2002
Warlick, AJ, Pendleton, L, Robinson, LH, Pearson, SF, Converse, SJ. The effects of individual characteristics and ocean conditions on the reproductive phenology and demography of pigeon guillemots (Cepphus columba) on Protection Island, WA. Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference, Virtual April 2022.	April 2022	This work examines the demography of pigeon guillemots in Puget Sound and will provide important information as to how this population may be considered an indicator species in the region. Little is known about the effects of environmental variability on this population, nor do we know the rates at which birds survive and reproduce. The results of our work is important for ongoing efforts to understand the status of this population and will help contextualize the findings of the Salish Sea Guil
Warlick, AJ, Himes Boor, G, McGuire T, Shelden, KEW, Jacobson, E, Boyd, C, Wade, P, Punt, AE, Converse, SJ. An integrated model to examine population viability and factors limiting the recovery of endangered Cook Inlet beluga whales. Alaska Marine Science Symposium, Virtual, January 2022.	January 2022	This research examines factors limiting the recovery of the endangered Cook Inlet beluga whales and estimates the effects of ocean conditions on demography. We highlight estimated extinction risk probabilities for this population within an integrated population model framework that will be useful for conservation and management measures aimed at recovering the population.
Warlick AJ, Wood F, Hostetter NJ, Converse SJ. A Bayesian state-space nest survival model that incorporates breeding phenology to address unknown age and unknown fate data. International Statistical Ecology Conference. Capetown, South Africa. June 27-July 1, 2022.	June 2022	We present a novel approach for estimating reproductive output that accounts for uncertainty in nest age, state, and fate that is useful when either the study design or location of nests precludes observing precisely when nests are initiated, eggs hatch, or chicks fledge. This work extends nest survival modeling techniques, is applicable to other populations with fully or partially unobservable nests, provides the first estimates of demographic rates for this species in the region, and lends in
Warlick AJ, SJ Converse, and DS Johnson. 2019. Modeling the effects of ocean conditions on survival in the western stock of Steller sea lions within a Bayesian integrated population model. NOAA Protected Species Assessment Workshop II. La Jolla, California. 11-14 February.	February 2019	This is a student led presentation on survival modeling for Steller sea lions. This modeling will be carried out within an integrated population modeling framework that will ultimately be used for status assessment in this protected stock.
Warlick AJ, SJ Converse, and DS Johnson. 2019. Evaluating the effects of ocean conditions on survival and natality in Steller sea lions using an integrated population model. American Fisheries Society & The Wildlife Society Joint Conference, Reno, Nevada. 29 September - 3 October.	September 2019	This conference paper will report on the development of an integrated population model that is being developed for the western DPS of Steller sea lions. The model will be used both to assess status and to understand the effects of oceanographic conditions on the population.
Warlick AJ, NJ Hostetter, and SJ Converse. 2020. Estimating reproductive success using a Bayesian nest survival model with uncertain nest age and nest state for Pigeon Guillemots in Puget Sound, Washington. International Statistical Ecology Conference, Online. 22-26 June.	June 2020	Developing a novel model framework to estimate nest survival for a local seabird species that has been deemed an indicator species but for which no demographic information or abundance trends are known. This project also highlights the potential of citizen science data for this species throughout the region.
Warlick AJ, G Himes Boor, T McGuire, KEW Shelden, C Boyd, P Wade, AE Punt, SJ Converse. 2021 (POSTPONED). Examining hypotheses for limited recovery of Cook Inlet Belugas: integrated population models reduce uncertainty in population viability analyses. Society for Marine Mammalogy Biennial Conference, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA, December 13-17, 2021.	December 2021	This work examines the demography and viability of an endangered population of beluga whales in Alaska and has the potential to inform future conservation and management alternatives.
Warlick AJ, F Wood, NJ Hostetter, and SJ Converse. 2021. Integrated population modeling of an unmarked population to examine environmental drivers of demography for an indicator species. EURING 2021 Analytical Meeting & Workshop, Virtual.	May 2021	This novel model framework provides an approach to estimate abundance, reproductive success, and environmental driver of population dynamics for an unmarked population of a local indicator seabird species. This will improve our ecological insights about the population in addition to making methodological contributions to the field.
Warlick AJ, DS Johnson, and SJ Converse. 2019. Estimating abundance and the effects of ocean conditions on survival and natality in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) using an integrated population model. World Marine Mammal Science Conference. Barcelona, Spain. 9-12 December.	December 2019	This conference paper will report on the development of an integrated population model that is being developed for the western DPS of Steller sea lions. The model will be used both to assess status and to understand the effects of oceanographic conditions on the population.
Warlick AJ, C Boyd, T McGuire, KEW Shelden, E Jacobson, AE Punt, and SJ Converse. 2020. Examining hypotheses for limited recovery of Cook Inlet beluga whales: integrated population models reduce uncertainty in population viability analyses. Alaska Marine Science Symposium. Anchorage, Alaska. 27-31 January.	January 2020	Initial results of a population viability analysis for an endangered marine mammal population that is of conservation and management interest to many stakeholders. This work improves an existing model and takes the first step toward assessing future viability and will solicit feedback and discussion about anthropogenic threats.
Warlick AJ, BS Fadely, P Mahoney, SR Melin, T Gelatt, K Raum-Suryan, and SJ Converse. 2024. Evaluating mark-resight survey design performance using simulation: endangered Steller sea lions as a case study. International Statistical Ecology Conference, Swansea, United Kingdom; 15-19 July.	July 2024	Monitoring designs are rarely evaluated prior to implementation to determine if the design is adequate to meet goals. We demonstrate a simulation approach for evaluating mark-resight surveys to estimate survival and apply our approach to Steller's sea lions.
Warlick AJ, BS Fadely, P Mahoney, SR Melin, T Gelatt, K Raum-Suryan, and SJ Converse. 2024. Evaluating mark-resight survey design performance using simulation: endangered Steller sea lions as a case study. Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Perth, Australia; 11-15 November.	November 2024	Monitoring designs are rarely evaluated prior to implementation to determine if the design is adequate to meet goals. We demonstrate a simulation approach for evaluating mark-resight surveys to estimate survival and apply our approach to Steller's sea lions.
Wang, S., T. Jagielo, J. Tagart, F. Wallace, G.R. VanBlaricom, and D. Beauchamp. Groundfish Habitat Associations from Video Survey with a Submersible off the Washington State Coast. Eighteenth Annual Meeting, Society for Conservation Biology. Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.	July 2004
Wang, S., T. Jagielo, J. Tagart, F. Wallace, G. VanBlaricom, and D. Beauchamp. Groundfish habitat associations from video survey with a submersible off the Washington state coast. Western Groundfish Conference. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Archipelago Research Ltd., and the International Pacific Halibut Commission, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.	February 2004
Wang, S., M. Neuman, S. Busch, J. Butler, A. DeVogelaere, C. Friedman, K. Gruenthal, R. Gustafson, D. Kushner, C. Mobley, D. Richards, S. Rumsey, K. Stierhoff, B. Taylor, G. VanBlaricom, and S. Wright. 2015. Decision-Making under the Endangered Species Act: Lessons learned from status reviews for black abalone and pinto abalone. Ninth International Abalone Symposium, 5-10 October 2015, Yeosu, South Korea.	October 2015	The presentation reviews two cases demonstrating the importance of both science and policy considerations in decision-making processes relating to ESA listing, and highlighting the value of long-term monitoring data to our understanding of species status and conservation needs. These analyses also identified critical information gaps (e.g., dispersal dynamics of early life stages, movement behavior of juveniles and adults, recruitment dynamics, and appropriate measures to assess viable populati
Wang, S., M. Neuman, S. Busch, C. Friedman, K. Gruenthal, R. Gustafson, D. Kushner, K. Stierhoff, G.R. VanBlaricom, and S. Wright. 2015. Decision-making in the face of uncertainty: an evaluation of pinto abalone under the Endangered Species Act. 107th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Monterey, California USA. 22-26 March 2015.	March 2015	Timely decisions by management agencies on the status of imperiled species are based on the best available information, which is typically incomplete, limited by uncertainties, and complicated by controversies. Using pinto abalone from the west coast of North America as a case study, we outline the decisions that must be made and how a NOAA Status Review Team incorporated empirical data, qualitative information, and best expert judgment to assess the species' extinction risk in the face of hig
Wang, S, MJ Neuman, T Ben-Horin, CS Friedman, K Gruenthal, S Lonhart, J Moore, P Raimondi, D Richards, A Shanks, J Steinbeck, I Taniguchi, J Ugoretz, G. VanBlaricom, and S Whitaker. 2016. It’s black or white: A different roadmap to restoring the endangered black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii. Joint Conference: 49th Annual Meeting of the Western Society of Malacologists and 82nd Annual Meeting of the American Malacological Society. 12-16 June 2016. Enseneda, Baja California, Mexico. Spoken presentation by S. Wang.	June 2016	Black (Haliotis cracherodii) and white (H. sorenseni) abalone are closely related phylogenetically and are among the first marine invertebrates to be listed as "endangered" pursuant to the US Endangered Species Act of 1973 as amended. However, the two species have strikingly different population biology and habitat use patters, face very different risk factors, and will require differing and independent actions by management agencies for successful recovery.
Wade, P., L. Barrett-Lennard, N. Black, R. Brownell Jr., S. Cerchio, P. Clapham, M. Dahlheim, Friday, L. Fritz, J. Jacobsen, T. Loughlin, C. Matkin, D. Matkin, A. Mehta, S. Mizroch, M. Muto, D. Rice, D. Siniff, R. Small, J. Straley, and G. VanBlaricom. Commercial whaling and whale killers: A reanalysis of evidence for sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific. Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.	December 2003
Volski, Lara, Anne Beaudreau, and Alex McInturff. "People and wolves in the Columbia River Gorge: Putting local perspectives into dialogue with conservation efforts." North American Congress in Conservation Biology. Vancouver, Canada, 2024.	June 2024	This work presents a novel approach for integrating local perspectives, wildlife science and management into dialogue. Results offer pathways for future research and building trust across stakeholders and agencies.
Veggerby KB, Scheuerell MD, Sanderson BL, Kiffney PM. 2024. Stable isotopes reveal intertidal fish and crabs use bivalve farms as foraging habitat in Puget Sound, Washington. Eelgrass and Aquaculture: State of the Science. Lacey, Washington, USA. January 17.	January 2024	We used stable isotope mixing models to estimate, for several species of nearshore fish and crab in two areas of North Puget Sound, Washington, the percent diet originating from eelgrass meadows, pelagic planktonic sources, and oyster farm habitats. Our results indicate that several species of nearshore fish derive a significant proportion of their diets from farm areas, while others derive most of their diets from eelgrass habitat or planktonic sources.
VanBlaricom, G.R., and four other invited participants. 2012. Seminar and panel discussion: “Beyond academia: Partnerships for success.” Seminar series sponsored by Washington Sea Grant and the Centers for Ocean Sciences Education Excellence – Ocean Learning Communities: “Beyond the ivory tower: Tools and techniques for reaching audiences and broadening the impacts of your research.” University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	March 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R., and S. Pollard. Influences of recreational harvest and sea otter predation on red abalone populations off central and northern California. Fifth Joint U.S.-Russia Sea Otter Workshop. National Biological Service and Russia Academy of Sciences. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Kamchatka, Russia.	September 1995
VanBlaricom, G.R., and M.S. Foster. Configuration and variation of kelp forests occupied by sea otters off Big Sur, California. Fifth Joint U.S.-Russia Sea Otter Workshop. National Biological Service and Russia Academy of Sciences. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Kamchatka, Russia	September 1995
VanBlaricom, G.R., and M.S. Foster. Configuration and variation of kelp forests occupied by sea otters off Big Sur, California. Eleventh Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Orlando, Florida, USA.	December 1995
VanBlaricom, G.R., and M.J. Neuman. Large-scale depletion of black abalone in California and Mexico: Patterns of decline and prospects for unaided recovery in a warming ocean. Twenty-second Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology. Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA.	July 2008
VanBlaricom, G.R., and M.J. Neuman. 2012. Updates on three efforts to recover and protect black abalone populations, with additional comments on oil spill risks. Annual Workshop, Multi-Agency Rocky Intertidal Network. 24-25 February 2012. Santa Cruz, California, USA.	February 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R., and M.D. Chambers. Behavioral mitigation of small population effects in a population of abalones depleted by exotic disease. Annual Meeting, California Cooperative Oceanic Fishery Investigations. Pacific Grove, California, USA.	November 2003	To be added.
VanBlaricom, G.R., and M.D. Chambers. Behavioral mitigation of depensation in a population of abalones depleted by exotic disease. 17th Annual Meeting, Society for Conservation Biology. Duluth, Minnesota, USA.	June 2003
VanBlaricom, G.R., and L.R. Gerber. Potential fishery conflicts involving sea otters in the waters of Washington State. Fifth Joint U.S.-Russia Sea Otter Workshop. National Biological Service and Russia Academy of Sciences. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, Kamchatka, Russia	September 1995
VanBlaricom, G.R., and K. Adams. Selection of microhabitat temperature regimes by black abalones in the rocky intertidal zone at San Nicolas Island, California. Seventh California Islands Symposium. Channel Islands National Park and Institute for Wildlife Studies. Oxnard, California, USA.	February 2008
VanBlaricom, G.R., and C.S. Friedman. Relationships of disease-induced mortality and disease resistance to the dynamics of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) at San Nicolas Island, California. Annual Joint Meeting of the Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. Chelan, Washington, USA.	October 2008
VanBlaricom, G.R., and C.M. Alvarez-Flores. Evaluation of factors influencing recent fluctuations in numbers of southern resident killer whales off Washington and British Columbia. Eighteenth Annual Meeting, Society for Conservation Biology. Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.	August 2004
VanBlaricom, G.R., and C.M. Alvarez-Flores. Evaluation of factors influencing recent fluctuations in numbers of southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca [L., 1758]) off Washington State (USA) and British Columbia (Canada). Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.	December 2003
VanBlaricom, G.R., and C.M. Alvarez-Flores. Critical evaluation of factors influencing recent trends in numbers of southern resident killer whales off Washington and British Columbia. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.	March 2004
VanBlaricom, G.R., and A.K. Fukuyama. Food supply and recovery of sea otters. Sea Otter Conservation Workshop I. Seattle Aquarium. Seattle, Washington, USA	February 1999
VanBlaricom, G.R., T.K. Gage, and A.K. Fukuyama. Evaluating wildlife recovery on the basis of ecosystem status: Confounding effects of nondeterminism and temporal uncertainty. Conference: Legacy of an Oil Spill: Ten Years After Exxon Valdez. Exxon Valdez Trustee Council and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Anchorage, Alaska, USA	March 1999
VanBlaricom, G.R., S.L. Ashworth, A.A. Booth, and M.J. Neuman. Size-specific patterns of individual movement in endangered black abalones. 63rd Annual Shellfish Conference. Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Grower’s Association. Portland, Oregon, USA.	September 2009	To be provided
VanBlaricom, G.R., S.K. Carter, and A.K. Fukuyama. Sea otters and benthic communities of the North Pacific Rim: Some limits for a charismatic paradigm. 13th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Wailea, Hawaii, USA	December 1999
VanBlaricom, G.R., S.K. Carter, M.D. Chambers, and S.C. Lubetkin. The dilemma of charismatic paradigms and conservation policy for marine mammals. Lessons from sea otters in the North Pacific Rim. Tenth South American Meeting of Marine Mammal Specialists. Sociedad Latinoamericana de Especialistes en Mamiferos Acuaticas. Valdivia, Chile.	October 2002	To be added.
VanBlaricom, G.R., S. Pollard, and A.A. Shelly. Restoring top carnivores and fisheries: The ecological naivete of multi-purpose marine reserves. Symposium on top predators and reserves. Annual Meeting, Society for Conservation Biology. Hilo, Hawaii, USA	July 2001
VanBlaricom, G.R., P.S. McDonald, J.L. Price, A.W.E. Galloway, J.R. Cordell, M.N. Dethier, J.D. Toft, T.E. Essington, and D.A. Armstrong. Challenges to the evaluation of ecological effects of bivalve aquaculture: social and economic constraints, and contradictory incentives from ecological and statistical theory. Aquaculture 2010 -Triennial Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, World Aquaculture Society, and Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society. San Diego, California, USA.	March 2010	To be added
VanBlaricom, G.R., M.J. Neuman, and D.A. Witting. 2015. Indications of recovery trends in three species of abalone in California, with apparent linkages to ocean-scale temperature anomalies. 107th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Monterey, California USA. 22-26 March 2015.	March 2015	Commercially significant abalone fisheries were terminated in California in 1996 because of disease, excessive legal harvests, and poaching. Shifts in ocean temperature since 2000 apparently have facilitated improved recruitment and survival in three abalone species, presenting management authorities with new options for development of recovery strategies.
VanBlaricom, G.R., M.J. Neuman, and C.S. Friedman. 2012 Emergence of apparently recovering populations of the endangered black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) in the major southern California islands following disease-induced mass mortalities. 8th California Islands Symposium. Ventura, California, USA.	October 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R., M.J. Neuman, B.M. Blaud, and C.S. Friedman. 2012. Demographic shifts in black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) populations following disease-induced mass mortalities at San Nicolas Island, California, USA. 66th Annual Joint Meeting, Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. Tulalip, Washington, USA. 26 September 2012. Contributed spoken presentation by VanBlaricom. IP-038930.	September 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R., M.D. Chambers and S.K. Carter. Testing a charismatic paradigm: Consequences of a growing sea otter population for nearshore marine benthic communities along the south shore of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. First Biennial Marine Ecosystem Health Program Science Symposium. Orcas Island, Washington, USA	September 2002
VanBlaricom, G.R., M. Shima, and A.B. Hollowed. Declining populations of mammalian carnivores in coastal marine waters of the North Pacific Rim: Evidence of causation from large-scale spatial and temporal contrasts. Seventh Joint US-Russia Sea Otter Workshop. Monterey, California, USA	November 2000
VanBlaricom, G.R., J.L. Price, P.S. McDonald, J.R. Cordell, M.N. Dethier, K.K. Holsman, K.C. McPeek, A.W.E. Galloway, T.E. Essington, and D.A. Armstrong. 2012. Ecological consequences of geoduck (Panopea generosa) aquaculture for infaunal assemblages in southern Puget Sound. 19th Conference for Shellfish Growers, Washington Sea Grant and Washington Department of Ecology. Union, Washington, USA.	March 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R., J.L. Price, P.S. McDonald, J.R. Cordell, M.N. Dethier, A.W.E. Galloway, T.E. Essington, and D.A. Armstrong. 2012. Quantifying the ecological impact of geoduck (Panopea generosa) aquaculture harvest practices on benthic infauna. Background technical testimony in the matter of Environmental Appeal AE1-10, Shoreline Substantial Development Permit SD22-06. Washington State Shorelines Hearings Board. 1 March 2012. Tumwater, Washington, USA.	March 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R., J.L. Price, J.R. Cordell, A.W.E. Galloway, P.S. McDonald, M.N. Dethier, T.E. Essington, and D.A. Armstrong. Relative abundance of native and introduced Gammaridean amphipods in geoduck aquaculture plots. 63rd Annual Shellfish Conference. Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Grower’s Association. Portland, Oregon, USA.	September 2009
VanBlaricom, G.R., C.S. Friedman, M.J. Neuman, and J.L. Price. Glimmers of hope in a grim seascape: evidence for positive numerical trends in an insular population of the endangered black abalone in California. Aquaculture 2010 -Triennial Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, World Aquaculture Society, and Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society. San Diego, California, USA.	March 2010	To be provided.
VanBlaricom, G.R., B.M. Blaud, and C.S. Friedman. 2012. Disease-induced fluctuations in endangered black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) populations over a 32-year time span at San Nicolas Island, California, USA, with implications for reproductive potential. 8th International Abalone Symposium. Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.	May 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R., B.M. Blaud, and C.S. Friedman. 2012. Disease-induced fluctuations in endangered black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) populations over a 32-year time span at San Nicolas Island, California, USA, with implications for reproductive potential. 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Seattle, Washington, USA.	March 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R., A.W.E. Galloway, K.C. McPeek, J.L. Price, J.R. Cordell, M.N. Dethier, D.A. Armstrong, and P.S. McDonald. 2012. Effects of predator exclusion structures as agents of ecological disturbance to infaunal communities in geoduck clam aquaculture plots in southern Puget Sound, Washington, USA. 66th Annual Joint Meeting, Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. Tulalip, Washington, USA.	September 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R., A.W.E. Galloway, K.C. McPeek, J.L. Price, J.R. Cordell, M.N. Dethier, D.A. Armstrong, and P.S. McDonald. 2012. Effects of predator exclusion structures as agents of ecological disturbance to infaunal communities in geoduck clam aquaculture plots in southern Puget Sound, Washington, USA. 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Seattle, Washington, USA.	March 2012
VanBlaricom, G.R., A.N. Zerbini, D.P. DeMaster, A. Andriolo, M.P. Heide-Jørgensen, and B.M. Blaud. Precautionary regression-based determination of protective boundaries for migratory corridors of large whales. Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology. Brasilia, D.F., Brazil.	July 2005
VanBlaricom, G.R., A.N. Zerbini, D.P. DeMaster, A. Andriolo, M.P. Heide-Jørgensen, B.M. Blaud, and M.G. Logsdon. Precautionary telemetrically-based determination of protective boundaries for migratory corridors of large whales. Sixteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. San Diego, California, USA.	December 2005
VanBlaricom, G.R., A.M. Burdin, R.D. Rubin, and L.R. Gerber. Estimation of pre-exploitation sea otter population sizes in the Northwest Pacific using archival harvest data and modern population growth data. World Marine Mammal Science Conference, Society for Marine Mammalogy and European Cetacean Society. Monte Carlo, Monaco.	January 1998
VanBlaricom, G.R., A.M. Burdin, L.R. Gerber, and R.D. Rubin. Estimation of pre-exploitation sea otter population sizes in the Northwest Pacific using archival harvest data and modern population growth data. Sixth Joint U.S.-Russia Sea Otter Workshop. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Russia Academy of Sciences. Forks, Washington, USA.	November 1997
VanBlaricom, G.R., J.L. Price, K.C. McPeek, A.W.E. Galloway, J.R. Cordell, M.N. Dethier, D.A. Armstrong, and P. S. McDonald. 2012. Ecological consequences of geoduck aquaculture operations in southern Puget Sound: Conclusions emerging from a five-year study. South Sound Science Symposium, Washington Department of Ecology, Shelton, Washington, USA.	October 2012	geoduck research
VanBlaricom, G.R. and A.K. Fukuyama. Effects of commercial geoduck (Panope abrupta) harvest on benthic infaunal communities of Puget Sound. First Biennial Marine Ecosystem Health Program Science Symposium. Orcas island, Washington, USA	September 2002
VanBlaricom, G.R. Toward a general model of sea otter - shellfish interactions. Sixth International Otter Symposium. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Pietermaritzburg, Natal, South Africa.	September 1993
VanBlaricom, G.R. Toward a general model of sea otter - shellfish interactions. Fourth Joint U.S. - Russia Sea Otter Workshop. National Biological Service and Russia Academy of Sciences. Wasilla, Alaska, USA.	November 1993
VanBlaricom, G.R. Toward a general model for sea otter - shellfishery interactions. Tenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Galveston, Texas, USA.	November 1993
VanBlaricom, G.R. The sea otters are coming! The sea otters are coming! Invited banquet presentation. Northwest Washington District Annual Meeting. American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists. Seattle, Washington, USA.	November 1995
VanBlaricom, G.R. Synopsis of present threats and concerns for conservation of sea otters. Sea Otter Conservation Workshop III. Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, Washington, USA.	March 2003	To be added.
VanBlaricom, G.R. Status of Russian sea otter populations. Sea Otter Conservation Workshop III. Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, Washington, USA	March 2003
VanBlaricom, G.R. Sea otters in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Workshop on Abalones, Sea Urchins, and Sea Otters. The SeaDoc Society, Tulalip, Washington, USA.	October 2004
VanBlaricom, G.R. Saving the sea otter in California: Contemporary problems and future pitfalls. Workshop on Conservation of the Sea Otter in California. Monterey Bay Aquarium. Monterey, California, USA	October 1996
VanBlaricom, G.R. Recovery of sea otters from the Exxon Valdez oil spill: What's the problem? Monthly Seminar Series, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.	May 1997
VanBlaricom, G.R. Putting it in perspective: How to measure the cost of sea otter rehabilitation. Workshop on oil and sea otters. Vancouver Public Aquarium. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.	February 1995
VanBlaricom, G.R. Overview of the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Workshop on oil and sea otters. Vancouver Public Aquarium. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.	February 1995
VanBlaricom, G.R. Holding facilities. Workshop on oil and sea otters. Vancouver Public Aquarium. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.	February 1995
VanBlaricom, G.R. Friday Harbor or bust! Sea otters in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Public Lecture Series, Feiro Marine Laboratory, Port Angeles, Washington.	April 1998
VanBlaricom, G.R. Food consumption rates by captive wild sea otters. Sixth Joint U.S.-Russia Sea Otter Workshop. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Russia Academy of Sciences. Forks, Washington, USA.	November 1997
VanBlaricom, G.R. Effects of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on marine mammals. Annual Meeting, Western Society of Naturalists. Otter Crest, Oregon, USA.	January 1993
VanBlaricom, G.R. Ecological consequences of the expanding Washington sea otter population. Sea Otter Conservation Workshop II, Seattle Aquarium. Seattle, Washington, USA	March 2001	To be added.
VanBlaricom, G.R. Diet of black abalones (Haliotis cracherodii [Leach, 1814]) at San Nicolas Island, California: Selective detritivores or shameless omnivores? Sixth California Islands Symposium. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Ventura, California, USA	December 2003	To be added.
VanBlaricom, G.R. Conservation of sea otters: A perspective. Keynote Address. Sea Otter Conservation Workshop IV. Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, Washington USA.	March 2005
VanBlaricom, G.R. Confounding effects of novel disease in the characterization of marine mammal-fishery interactions. 14th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada	December 2001
VanBlaricom, G.R. Career opportunities in marine mammal ecology. Student Affairs Workshop, 13th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Wailea, Hawaii, USA	November 1999
VanBlaricom, G.R. BRD Coop Unit Program overview and case study: Marine mammal - ecosystem linkages. ICEBIRG Workshop on Marine Research: Marine Ecology: The Unique Role of USGS Biological Research. USGS Center for Coastal and Regional Marine Studies. St. Petersburg, Florida, USA	September 2000
VanBlaricom, G.R. Projection of interactions of foraging sea otters with geoduck clam populations, fisheries, and aquaculture in Washington, USA, and British Columbia, Canada. 18th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy Québec City, Québec, Canada.	October 2009
VanBlaricom, G.R. Planting and harvest as disturbances in geoduck aquaculture: An overview and preliminary observations. 17th Conference for Shellfish Growers, Washington Sea Grant Program. Union, Washington, USA.	March 2009
VanBlaricom, G.R. Effects of subtidal harvest of geoducks on benthic infauna in physically dynamic habitats of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Annual Joint Meeting of the Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. Welches, Oregon, USA.	October 2007
VanBlaricom, G.R. Effects of cultured geoduck harvest disturbances on infaunal benthic communities of intertidal flats in southern Puget Sound. Shellfish Aquaculture Regulatory Committee; Update on Research, Permitting and Rulemaking. Washington Department of Ecology. Lacey, Washington, USA. 2 June 2010. Invited presentation.	June 2010
VanBlaricom, G.R. Ecological effects of geoduck mariculture and harvest: Available information and some testable hypotheses. 15th Conference for Shellfish Growers. Washington Sea Grant College Program. Shelton, Washington, USA.	March 2007
VanBlaricom, G.R. Dogma takes a detour: How a novel disease complicates sea otter-abalone interactions at San Nicolas Island. Sea Otter Conservation Workshop V. Seattle Aquarium. Seattle, Washington, USA.	March 2007
VanBlaricom, G.R. Conceptual approaches to the differentiation of natural and anthropogenic disturbances in benthic ecosystems, with consideration of impacts of geoduck aquaculture operations. Northwest Workshop on Bivalve Aquaculture and the Environment. Seattle, Washington, USA.	September 2007	To be added
VanBlaricom, G.R. Another resource collision? Projecting interactions of sea otters with geoduck clam populations and fisheries in Washington and British Columbia. Sea Otter Conservation Workshop VI. Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, Washington, USA.	March 2009	To be added.
VanBlaricom, G.R. A summary of Workshop accomplishments. Sea Otter Conservation Workshop VI. Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, Washington, USA.	March 2009
VanBlaricom, G.R. 2016. The conservation of western North Pacific gray whales. Monthly meeting, Undergraduate Marine Biology Club, University of Washington. 10 May 2016. Seattle, Washington USA.	May 2016	The critically endangered western North Pacific gray whale population faces substantial conservation challenges, both from the depensatory effects of small population size and from several alarming anthropogenic factors. Progress in establishing a consensus for protective measures has been difficult because overlapping and competing needs for economic development in areas frequented by the whales.
VanBlaricom, G.R. 2016. The conservation of western North Pacific gray whales. Monthly meeting, Undergraduate Marine Biology Club (The "SeaDawgs"), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA. Invited spoken presentation by VanBlaricom.	May 2016	The critically endangered western North Pacific gray whale population faces substantial conservation challenges, both from the depensatory effects of small population size and from several alarming anthropogenic factors. Progress in establishing a consensus for protective measures has been difficult because overlapping and competing needs for economic development in areas frequented by the whales.
VanBlaricom, G.R. 2016. Realities in conservation of the critically endangered western North Pacific population of gray whales. 20th Annual Meeting, Northwest Student Chapter, Society for Marine Mammalogy. Seattle, Washington USA. Invited spoken plenary presentation by VanBlaricom.	May 2016	The critically endangered western North Pacific gray whale population faces substantial conservation challenges, both from the depensatory effects of small population size and from several alarming anthropogenic factors. Progress in establishing a consensus for protective measures has been difficult because overlapping and competing needs for economic development in areas frequented by the whales.
VanBlaricom, G.R. 2016. Overlapping catastrophes in the intertidal ecosystems of San Nicolas Island. Annual Meeting, Marine Rocky Intertidal Network. San Diego, California USA. Oral presentation by VanBlaricom	February 2016	Poorly understood diseases have influenced populations of three different high-profile coastal marine invertebrate species at San Nicolas Island, California in 2015 and 2016, and an unprecedented coincident generalized physical disturbance has negatively influenced populations of all three species. The confluence of such events is a challenge to simple top-down trophic models in coastal marine ecosystems, complicating the management and conservation of such systems.
VanBlaricom, G.R. 2016. Dynamics of intertidal abalone populations at San Nicolas Island: Evidence for ocean forcing of abalone recruitment patterns, and a circumstantial case for apparent linkages of ocean forcing to growth of the Island’s sea otter population. California Cooperative Oceanic Fishery Investigations, Annual Conference, 5-7 December 2016. La Jolla, California USA. Spoken presentation by VanBlaricom.	December 2016	Sea otters are widely recognized in the technical literature as important apex predators, and there has been virtually no investigation of potential impacts of bottom-up ocean forcing mechanisms on the dynamics of sea otter populations. Sea otters and black abalone both occur at San Nicolas Island, and an observed (and surprising) positive correlation of sea otter and abalone numbers at SNI since 2001 indicates an important positive role for recent cold-phase ocean dynamics in recruitment succ
VanBlaricom, G.R. 2012. Expanding post-disease recovery in populations of the endangered black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) at San Nicolas Island, California, USA. Annual Workshop, Multi-Agency Rocky Intertidal Network. 24-25 February 2012. Santa Cruz, California, USA.	February 2012
VanBlaricom, G. R. Trends in black abalone populations on San Nicolas Island. Black Abalone Workshop. National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, California, USA.	January 2004
VanBlaricom, G. R. Recent patterns of abundance, recruitment, and dispersion in black abalone populations at San Nicolas Island. Black Abalone Workshop. National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, California, USA.	July 2006	To be added.
Tudor, M., K. Dvornich, and C. Grue. 2012. The need and opportunity for incorporating education and citizen science into fish and wildlife management. Washington Fish and Wildlife Commission, 5 October, Olympia, WA. INVITED	October 2012
Troiano, A.T., C.E. Grue, M.J. Hooper. 2012. Monitoring exposure of green sturgeon to carbaryl following applications to control burrowing shrimp in Washington State. 33rd Annual Meeting Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 11-15 November, Long Beach, CA.	November 2012
Toxicity of four surfactants to juvenile rainbow trout: Implications for over-water use. Regional Workshop on Invasive Spartina: Management & Science, 13-14 May 2002, Olympia, WA.	May 2002
Toxicity of four surfactants to juvenile rainbow trout: Implications for over-water use. Fifth Annual UW Undergraduate Research Symposium, 17 May 2002, University of Washington, Seattle, WA	May 2002
Todd Zaragoza M, AJ DuVall, J Howard, D Mazurkiewicz, SJ Converse. 2022.Egg order and oceanographic factors drive egg size differences in Scripps’s Murrelets (Synthliboramphus scrippsi). Pacific Seabird Group Conference, Online. 23-25 February.	February 2022	Avian egg size reflects maternal investment, and is a life history variable that may be sensitive to environmental conditions. We found that egg size in a seabird, the Scripps Murrelet, in the Channel Islands is related to oceanic conditions, which may provide another mechanism through which changing ocean conditions influence populations.
Thurner S, C Boyd, SJ Converse, E Jacobson, AE Punt, and K Shelden. 2020. Evaluating aerial survey methods for estimating abundance and distribution of Cook Inlet belugas. Alaska Marine Science Symposium, Anchorage, Alaska. 27-31 January.	January 2020	Cook inlet beluga whales are protected as endangered species. This presentation reports on work to evaluate the use of aerial surveys to estimate abundance of this population.
Thompson, B.K., Olden, J.D., Converse, S.J. 2022. Building a framework for adaptive management of an invasive species. Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Online. 14 May - 20 May.	May 2022	We built a population model that simulated invasive rusty crayfish, <i>Faxonius</i> <i>rusticus</i>, population dynamics within the context of an adaptive management framework. The modeling framework provided in this study has the potential to be applied to a variety of invasive species management problems.
Thompson BK, Olden JD, Converse SJ. 2023. Prioritizing control and monitoring efforts in adaptive management of invasive species. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Louisville, Kentucky. 5-9 November.	November 2023	We built a population model that simulated invasive flowering rush, <i>Butomus umbellatus,</i> population dynamics, management, and data collection within the context of an adaptive management framework. The modeling framework presented here could be applied to a variety of contexts to reveal prioritization of monitoring and management for invasive species to achieve optimal recovery of ecosystems.
Thompson BK, Olden JD, Converse SJ. 2022. Towards building a framework for adaptive management of an invasive species. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Spokane, Washington. 6-10 November.	November 2022	We built a population model that simulated invasive rusty crayfish, <i>Faxonius</i> <i>rusticus</i>, population dynamics within the context of an adaptive management framework. The modeling framework provided in this study has the potential to be applied to a variety of invasive species management problems.
Thompson BK, Olden JD, Converse SJ. 2022. Developing monitoring targets to better inform management of invasive rusty crayfish. International Statistical Ecology Conference, Online. 27 June - 1 July.	May 2022	We built a population model that simulated invasive rusty crayfish, <i>Faxonius</i> <i>rusticus</i>, population dynamics within the context of an adaptive management framework. The modeling framework provided in this study has the potential to be applied to a variety of invasive species management problems.
The milfoil weevil as a potential biological control of Eurasian watermilfoil in Washington State. North American Lake Management Society, 21st International Symposium. 7-9 November 2001. Madison, WI	November 2001
The effects of the herbicide Rodeo(R) on Pacific oyster gametogenesis and tissue accumulation. National Shellfish Association-Pacific Coast Section and Pacific Oyster Growers' Association Conference, 27-30 September 2002, Newport, OR	September 2002
Temporal trophic demand and early marine distribution of juvenile salmon in Puget Sound. Hatchery Scientific Review Group, Seattle, WA	January 2002
Temporal distribution and trophic demand during the early marine life history of salmon in Puget Sound	April 2002
Tamayo, T., C.E. Grue, and K. Hamel. Dec 1999, The watermilfoil weevil in Washington State, 19th International Symposium, North American Lake Management Society, Reno, NV.	December 2000
Tamayo, M., C.E. Grue and K. Hamel. 2004. Densities of the milfoil weevil (Euhrychiopsis lecontei) on native and exotic watermilfoils. 17th Annual Conference, Washington State Lake Protection Association, 31 March-2 April 2004, Bellingham, WA. Presented by M. Tamayo.	March 2004
Tamayo, M., C.E. Grue and K. Hamel. 2003. Density and habitat of the milfoil weevil, Euhrychiopsis lecontei Dietz in Washington State. North American Lake Management Society, 23rd International Symposium, 4-8 November 2003, Mashantucket, CT. Presented by Marianna Tamayo.	November 2003
Tamayo, M. and C.E. Grue. 2004. Non-target impacts of b.t.i. treatments to control mosquito vectors of west nile virus - implications for aquatic habitats, salmonids and sage grouse in Washington State. 13th Annual Meeting Pacific Northwest Chapter, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15-17 April 2004, Port Townsend, WA. Presented by M. Tamayo.	April 2004
Suydam, R.S., J.J. Burns, D.P. DeMaster, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Age, growth, and reproduction of beluga whales from the eastern Chukchi Sea, Alaska. 18th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy Québec City, Québec, Canada.	October 2009
Suydam, R., L. Lowry, K. Frost, G. O'Corry-Crowe, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Satellite tracking of eastern Chukchi Sea beluga whales in the Beaufort Sea and Arctic Ocean, 1998-2002. Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.	December 2003
Straus, K., J. Bouma, D. Rothaus, J. Davis, G.R. VanBlaricom, B.C. Stevick, B. Peabody, B. Vadopalas, and C.S. Friedman. Approaches to pinto abalone Haliotis kamtschatkana kamtschatkana restoration. Aquaculture 2010 - Triennial Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, World Aquaculture Society, and Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society. San Diego, California, USA.	March 2010
Stevick, B.C., K.M. Straus, B.A. Vadopalas, G.R. VanBlaricom, C.S. Friedman, D.P. Rothaus, and J.V. Bouma. Pinti abalone take a walk on the wild side: Outplanting differentially reared hatchery juveniles in Washington State. 63rd Annual Shellfish Conference. Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Grower’s Association. Portland, Oregon, USA.	September 2009
Stevick, B.C, K. Straus, B. Vadopalas, D. Rothaus, J. Bouma, G.R. VanBlaricom, and C.S. Friedman. Experimental evaluation of the relationship of rearing method and outplant success in juvenile pinto abalone. Aquaculture 2010 -Triennial Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, World Aquaculture Society, and Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society. San Diego, California, USA.	March 2010
Stevick, B.C, C.S. Friedman, D. Rothaus, K. Straus, B. Vadopalas, and G.R. VanBlaricom. The influence of rearing method on pinto abalone Haliotis kamtschatkana growth, survival, and outplant success in Washington State. 7th International Abalone Symposium. Pattaya, Thailand.	July 2009
Sorel, M.H., A.R. Murdoch, R.W. Zabel, J.C. Jorgensen, C.M. Kamphaus, and S.J. Converse. 2022. An integrated population model to inform salmon management in the Columbia River Basin. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society. Spokane, Washington. August 21-25.	August 2022	There is a need for populations models to assess the effects of alternative management actions on the viability of endangered salmonids in the Columbia River Basin. We developed a model using several long-term monitoring dataset and used it to project the population under historical conditions and scenarios of habitat restoration and hatchery supplementation
Sorel MH, RW Zabel, DS Johnson, AM Wargo Rub and SJ Converse. 2021. Association between pinniped abundance and survival for individual populations of adult spring/summer Chinook salmon in the lower Columbia River. American Fisheries Society Washington-British Colombia Chapter Annual Meeting, online. 1-3 March.	March 2021	In a recent paper, Rub et al. (2019) found that survival of adult spring-summer Chinook salmon migrating 200 km upstream from Astoria to Bonneville Dam was negatively associated with the abundance of sea lions at the Astoria haul out, and survival was lower for salmon that arrived in the river earlier when sea lions were more abundant and fish traveled more slowly upstream. Given that individual populations within protected Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) are key to the recovery of salm
Sorel MH, RW Zabel, DS Johnson, AM Wargo Rub and SJ Converse. 2021. Association between pinniped abundance and survival for individual populations of adult spring/summer Chinook salmon in the lower Columbia River. American Fisheries Society Idaho Chapter Annual Meeting, online. 1-5 March.	March 2021	In a recent paper, Rub et al. (2019) found that survival of adult spring-summer Chinook salmon migrating 200 km upstream from Astoria to Bonneville Dam was negatively associated with the abundance of sea lions at the Astoria haul out, and survival was lower for salmon that arrived in the river earlier when sea lions were more abundant and fish traveled more slowly upstream. Given that individual populations within protected Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) are key to the recovery of salm
Sorel MH, RW Zabel, AR Murdoch, JC Jorgensen, CM Kamphaus, MD Scheuerell, ER Buhle, and SJ Converse. 2024. Population level considerations of spring Chinook life history diversity. Upper Columbia Science Conference, Wenatchee, Washington, USA. 24-25 January.	January 2024	Life history diversity is an important component of population diversity, and has implications for the persistence of populations. Here, we demonstrate an approach to accounting for life history diversity in population modeling.
Sorel MH, AR Murdoch, RW Zabel, CM Kamphaus, JC Jorgensen and SJ Converse. 2021. Asynchrony, tradeoffs, and climate drivers of lifetime demographic rates for alternative juvenile life history pathways. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland. 6-10 November.	November 2021	We describe a model of Chinook salmon survival and age at maturity, which will serve as part of a population model. The population model will be used to evaluate management scenarios and inform decision making about habitat restoration and hatchery supplementation in the Pacific Northwest.
Sorel MH, AR Murdoch, ER Buhle, RW Zabel, and SJ Converse. 2019. Habitat and climate factors affecting juvenile spring Chinook salmon recruitment and life-history expression in an endangered population. American Fisheries Society & The Wildlife Society Joint Conference, Reno, Nevada. 29 September - 3 October.	September 2019	Salmon populations are in need of active management to overcome threats in the Pacific Northwest. We describe one component of an in-development population model to guide management of Chinook salmon in the Columbia River.
Smith, H.R., L. Conquest. R.S. Suydam, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Examining diets of eastern Chukchi Sea belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) using stable isotope analysis of multiple tissues. 48th Annual Meeting, Canadian Society of Zoologists. Toronto, Ontario, Canada.	May 2009
Smith, H.R, S.J. Iverson, L.L. Conquest, R.S. Suydam, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Examining diets of Eastern Chukchi Sea belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) using blubber fatty acids and stable isotope analysis of multiple tissues. 18th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy Québec City, Québec, Canada.	October 2009
Smith, H., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Does fatty acid composition differ with depth or body location in beluga blubber? Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.	December 2003
Smith, B.C., K.W. Brown, J.L. Cabarrus, C.A. Curran, J.B. Gown, J.K. McIntyre, E.E. Moreland, V.L. Wong, J.M. Grassley and C.E. Grue. 2003. Toxicity of four surfactants to juvenile rainbow trout: Implications for over-water use. 12th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Northwest Chapter, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, April 17-19, 2003. Port Townsend, WA. Poster presented by J. Cabarrus.	April 2003
Smith, B.C., D. Boehm, K. Grange, S. McAvinchey, D. Sowle, J. Grassley and C. Grue. 2003. Toxicity of Rodeo(R) and Arsenal(R) tank mixes to juvenile rainbow trout. Washington Department of Ecology, August 21, 2003. Lacey, Washington. Presented by S. McAvinchey.	August 2003
Smith, B.C., C.A. Curran, K.W. Brown, J.L. Cabarrus, J.B. Gown, J.K. McIntyre, E.E. Moreland, V.L. Wong, J.M. Grassley and C.E. Grue. 2002. Toxicity of four surfactants to juvenile rainbow trout: Implications for over-water use. 23rd Annual Meeting, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. November 11-16, 2002, Salt Lake City, Utah.	November 2002
Smith, B.C. and C.E. Grue. 2003. Effects of Rodeo(R), R-1(R), LI 700(R), AGRI-DEX (R), and HASTEN(R) on embryogenesis in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). 12th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Northwest Chapter, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, April 17-19, 2003, Port Townsend, WA	April 2003
Smith, B.C. and C.E. Grue. 2002. Effects of Rodeo(R), R-11(R), LI 700(R), AGRI-DEX (R) and HASTEN(R) on embryogenesis in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). 23rd Annual Meeting, Society of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, November 11-16, 2002, Salt Lake City, Utah.	November 2002
Sipe, H.A., Paxton, E.H., Yackel Adams, A. A., and Converse, S.J. 2023. Developing a framework to guide vertebrate restoration in Guam. Brown Treesnake Technical Working Group. 14 November.	November 2023	We undertook a decision-analytic process to frame long-term vertebrate restoration efforts on Guam. In this work, we developed quantitative models linking alternative restoration actions to species level outcomes using expert elicited information.
Sipe, H.A., Paxton, E.H., Yackel Adams, A. A., and Converse, S.J. 2022. The role of expert judgement in avian reintroduction planning on the island of Guam. The Wildlife Society Conference. 6-10 November.	November 2022	We undertook a decision-analytic process to guide long-term vertebrate restoration efforts on Guam, with the goal of developing a framework to inform future actions, research, and monitoring by working collaboratively with management agencies, stakeholders, and scientific experts. This work will provide the Guam conservation community with a conceptual framework, models, and predictions for evaluating restoration actions.
Sipe HA, G Blatz, SM Desimone, IN Keren, SF Pearson, and SJ Converse. 2019. Combining citizen science and agency survey data to model Common Loon distribution and habitat associations. American Fisheries Society & The Wildlife Society Joint Conference, Reno, Nevada. 29 September - 3 October.	September 2019	Citizen science data has the potential to contribute to the sizable task of monitoring populations of management interest. We describe a novel model for the analysis of eBird data to understand the distribution of common loons in Washington.
Sipe HA, EH Paxton, AA Yackel Adams, MA Hall, ND Holmes, M Kastner, S Mullin, WC Pitt, R Reed, HS Rogers, TM Summers, and SJ Converse. 2021. Paradise sought: the collaborative path to restoring Guam’s vertebrates. Marianas Terrestrial Conservation Conference, Online. 9 June - 17 June.	June 2021	We undertook a decision-analytic process to frame long-term vertebrate restoration efforts on Guam. Our goal was to develop a prototype framework to guide future technical development, actions, and monitoring by working collaboratively with management agencies, stakeholders, and scientific experts.
Sipe HA, EH Paxton, AA Yackel Adams, MA Hall, ND Holmes, M Kastner, S Mullin, R Reed, HS Rogers, TM Summers, and SJ Converse. 2020. Paradise sought: the collaborative path to restoring Guam’s vertebrates. Brown Treesnake Technical Working Group, Online. 9 Nov - 19 Nov.	November 2020	We undertook a decision-analytic process to frame long-term vertebrate restoration efforts on Guam. Our goal was to develop a prototype framework to guide future technical development, actions, and monitoring by working collaboratively with management agencies, stakeholders, and scientific experts.
Sipe HA and SJ Converse. 2019. Washington State Common Loons: multi-state occupancy modeling using citizen science and survey data. Washington State Chapter of The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Grand Mound, Washington. 25 February - 1 March.	February 2019	Common loons are species of concern in Washington, and are also difficult to monitor. We will report on a novel analytical framework that makes use of citizen science data to improve the understanding of the distribution of loons in the state.
Shima, M., A.B. Hollowed, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Comparing pinniped-fishery interactions in two ecosystems. Symposium on the Role of Marine Mammals in the Ecosystem. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization and International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.	September 1995
Shima, M., A.B. Hollowed, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Analysis of pollock distribution and association with other dominant species in the Gulf of Alaska using clustering techniques. Workshop on the Importance of Pre-recruit Walleye Pollock to the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ecosystems. National Marine Fisheries Service. Seattle, Washington, USA.	October 1993
Shima, M., A.B. Hollowed, and G.R. VanBlaricom. An analysis of the distribution of walleye pollock in the Gulf of Alaska and its possible effects on Steller sea lions. International Symposium on the Role of Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems. Alaska Sea Grant College Program. Anchorage, Alaska, USA.	November 1996
Shima, M., A. Hollowed, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Models examining marine mammal - fishery interactions in the Gulf of Alaska, USA. Annual Science Conference. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.	October 1994
Scheuerell, M.D. Development and application of integrated population models for Pacific salmon. ASLO-SFS 2020 Joint Meeting. Madison, Wisconsin. NOT DELIVERED DUE TO PANDEMIC-ASSOCIATED MEETING CANCELLATION	June 2020	We developed a multipopulation IPM for Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) that accounts for spatial and temporal variability in adult recruitment and age structure, the presence of hatchery-origin spawners, and observation error in abundance, age-composition, and hatchery-fraction data. We have applied the model to data for three different species of salmon in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon, which has illuminated the varying effects of harvest, hatchery influences, freshwater flows, and large-sc
Scheuerell, M.D. 2022. Estimating Trends in the Abundance of Threatened Bull Trout across the Pacific Northwest. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Spokane, WA, August 21-25, 2022.	August 2022	Effective conservation of at-risk species requires an understanding of trends in abundance over time, but in many cases the data necessary to estimate population trajectories are often quite noisy and incomplete. I used a hierarchical state-space model to estimate trends over time for 242 populations located in 62 core areas spread across the Pacific Northwest; approximately 60% of the core areas showed a decreasing trend over time, but only 5% of the core areas had significant declines.
Scheuerell MD. 2024. Large-scale status assessments of at-risk species and efforts to recovery them. Upper Columbia Science Conference, Wenatchee, Washington, USA. January 25.	January 2024	This presentation will highlight two recent studies that examine trends in the abundance of ESA-listed bull trout and Chinook salmon in the Pacific Northwest and efforts to recovery them.
Santo, Anna R., S. M. Hagerman, K.M.A. Chan, A. McInturff. "The logic landscape: A typology of logics about human intervention in ecosystems to inform grizzly bear recovery in the North Cascades." NACCB 2024.	June 2024	This work analyzes public comments related to grizzly bear reintroduction in the North Cascades to understand the logics and preferences of constituents.
Ruediger, J.R., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Effects of withering syndrome on black abalone populations at San Nicolas Island, California. Third International Abalone Symposium. California Sea Grant College Program. Pacific Grove, California.	October 1997	To be added.
Ruediger, J.R., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Effects of withering syndrome on black abalone populations at San Nicolas Island, California. Third International Abalone Symposium. California Sea Grant College Program. Pacific Grove, California.	October 1997	To be added
Ruediger, J.L., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Discovery of abalone withering syndrome at San Nicolas Island, California. Annual Meeting, Western Society of Naturalists. Otter Crest, Oregon, USA.	January 1993	To be added.
Ruediger, J.L., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Abalone withering syndrome at San Nicolas Island, California. Fourth California Islands Symposium: Update on the Status of Resources. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, USA.	March 1994	To be added.
Ruediger, J.L., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Abalone withering syndrome at San Nicolas Island, California. Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Portland, Oregon, USA.	April 1993	To be added.
Rathbun, G.B., G.R. VanBlaricom, R.J. Jameson, J.A. Estes, and R.L. Brownell, Jr. Translocation of sea otters to San Nicolas Island - a retrospective. Fourth California Islands Symposium: Update on the Status of Resources. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, USA.	March 1994
Randall L, LM Keating, R Stanton, C McCormack, M Lucid, T Seaborn, SJ Converse, S Canessa, A Moehrenschlager. 2023. Asking “whether” rather than “how” when considering a conservation translocation. Third International Conservation Translocation Conference, Freemantle, Australia; 13-15 November.	November 2023	In making reintroduction decisions, the focus is often on "how" rather than "whether" to do a reintroduction. Here, we instead begin by assessing the "whether" question for a northern leopard frog problem in Idaho, USA.
Rand ZR, TA Branch, and SJ Converse. 2024. Longer mothers tend to have more female calves: evidence for adaptive sex ratio behavior in rorqual whales. Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, Perth, Australia; 11-15 November.	November 2024	It has been hypothesized the animals should adapt the sex ratio of offspring based on individual condition. We used a large dataset on rorqual whales to evaluate this hypothesis, and found that, while there is strong evidence for adaptive sex ratios, it is not in the direction previously hypothesized.
Price, J.L., P.S. McDonald, J.R. Cordell, T.E. Essington, A.W.E. Galloway, M.N. Dethier, D.A. Armstrong, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Geoduck aquaculture harvest practices in southern Puget Sound,Washington: Assessing patterns of impact and recovery in benthic infaunal communities. Aquaculture 2010 -Triennial Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, World Aquaculture Society, and Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society. San Diego, California, USA.	March 2010
Price, J.L., P.S. McDonald, J.R. Cordell, T.E. Essington, A.W.E. Galloway, M.N. Dethier, D.A. Armstrong, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Disturbance and recovery of a benthic community in response to Geoduck (Panope abrupta) aquaculture harvest. 63rd Annual Shellfish Conference. Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Grower’s Association. Portland, Oregon, USA.	September 2009
Price, J.L., G.R. VanBlaricom, and P.S. McDonald. 2012. Effects of harvest activity on infaunal communities in geoduck clam aquaculture plots in southern Puget Sound, Washington, USA. 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Seattle, Washington, USA.	March 2012
Prakash A, SM Amburgey, AA Yackel Adams, SR Siers, and SJ Converse. 2021. Engineering remote PIT tag readers for individual identification of brown treesnakes. The Brown Treesnake Technical Working Group. Virtual. *Co-presenters	November 2021	This work highlights the creation of a passive integrated transponder (PIT) reader prototype and its test on marked brown treesnakes on Guam. This technology can serve as a way to obtain recapture information on PIT tagged individuals for abundance estimation.
Prakash A, SM Amburgey, AA Yackel Adams, SR Siers, and SJ Converse. 2021. Engineering for wildlife: collaborative generation of improved monitoring platforms. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting. Virtual. *Co-presenters	November 2021	Technological solutions have the opportunity to help us fix some of our most intractable data collection woes in wildlife research and management. However, we often don't look outside our existing networks or proprietary technologies in order to create innovative collaborations and electronic solutions. We present one such project here with the development of the Remote PIT Tag Reader system for use on invasive brown treesnakes on the island of Guam.
Petracca, LS, Gardner, B, Maletzke, BT, Bassing, SB, Long, RA, Manning, J, Ransom, JI, Shipley, LA, Thornton, DH, and SJ Converse. 2022. A semi-spatial integrated population model to assess population dynamics of a recovering species. International Statistical Ecology Conference, Online. 27 June - 1 July.	June 2022	Our work introduces a novel integrated population model that is able to make large-scale spatial inference despite not having sufficient data on the spatial observation process. We apply this model to gray wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) population dynamics in Washington State.
Petracca, L.S, Gardner, B., Maletzke, B.T., and S.J. Converse. 2022. Use of a Novel Spatially Explicit Projection Model to Estimate Current and Future Population Dynamics of Wolves in Washington State, USA. Abstract submitted to The Wildlife Society Annual Conference.	November 2022	This work models the current (2009-2020) and future (2021-2070) population dynamics of wolves in Washington State. It also explores the impacts of different management scenarios on population projection.
Petracca LS, B Gardner, BT Maletzke, SB Bassing, RA Long, P MacKay, JA Manning, JI Ransom, LA Shipley, DH Thornton, and SJ Converse. A semi-spatial integrated population model to assess population dynamics of a recolonizing species. 2021. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Virtual, 1-5 November 2021.	November 2021	We propose a semi-spatial integrated population model, a model that lies between a fully non-spatial IPM and a fully spatial IPM, in order to incorporate a recolonization process despite not having data to explain the spatial observation process. We apply this model to the population dynamics of grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Washington, USA.
Petracca LS, B Gardner, BT Maletzke, SB Bassing, RA Long, JI Ransom, LA Shipley, DH Thornton, and SJ Converse. May 2021. A semi-spatial integrated population model to assess population dynamics of a recolonizing species. Abstract submitted for oral presentation. EURING Analytical Meeting and Workshop, Québec City, Canada.	May 2021	We propose a semi-spatial integrated population model for recolonizing species, namely wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) in Washington state. Our model integrates non-spatial data on survival and reproduction with a semi-spatial model that accounts for dispersal probability, movement, and colonization of new areas.
Pero, Ellen, Alex McInturff, and Peter Alagona. "California Grizzly reintroduction: a comprehensive feasibility study." North American Congress in Conservation Biology. Vancouver, Canada, 2024.	June 2024	Here we present the first comprehensive feasibility study on California grizzly reintroduction, synthesizing a decade of research.
Pendleton LC, L Robinson, EL Wagner, SF Pearson, SM Thomas, and SJ Converse. 2024. Estimating the influence of environmental conditions on Pigeon Guillemot breeding success in the Salish Sea. Pacific Seabird Group Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, USA; 20-23 February 2023.	February 2024	Pigeon Guillemots have been identified as ecosystem indicators, or Vital Signs, in the Puget Sound by the Puget Sound Partnership, a state agency formed in 2007 to coordinate restoration of Puget Sound. The use of these seabirds as Vital Signs is only as powerful as our understanding of how they respond to their environment, however. This research will address missing knowledge regarding the relationship between marine conditions in their foraging habitat.
Orr, A.J., S.D. Newsome, J.L. Laake, G.R. VanBlaricom, and R.L. DeLong. Examination of ontogenetic trends in foraging behaviors of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) using stable isotope analysis. 18th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy Québec City, Québec, Canada.	October 2009
Orr, A.J., R.L. DeLong, G.R. VanBlaricom, and M.L. Logsdon. Ontogeny of Foraging Behaviors of the Immature California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus). 22nd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium: Sea Lions of the World: Conservation and Research in the 21st Century. Alaska Sea Grant Program, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.	October 2004
Orr, A.J., R.L. DeLong, G.R. VanBlaricom, and M.G. Logsdon. Ontogeny of diving behaviors of immature California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Sixteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. San Diego, California, USA.	December 2005
Neuman, M.J., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Status of black abalone populations at the California Channel Islands: Implications for long-term viability throughout the range of the species. Seventh California Islands Symposium. Channel Islands National Park and Institute for Wildlife Studies. Oxnard, California, USA.	February 2008
Neuman, M., D. Witting, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Demographic signs of small-scale recovery of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) on an isolated island off the coast of southern California, USA. 7th International Abalone Symposium. Pattaya, Thailand.	July 2009
Mongillo, T., E. Holmes, D. Noren, G.R. VanBlaricom, A.E. Punt, and M.B. Hanson. Estimated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) accumulation in the Southern Resident killer whale (Orcinus orca): Sex and age no longer matter . 18th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy Québec City, Québec, Canada.	October 2009
Mistry, K.R., C.A. O'Leary, M.D. Scheuerell, 2022. "Imaginary Fish in Space: Predicting Population Distribution With Underlying Clustering and Movement". American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Spokane, WA, August 21-25, 2022	August 2022	Evaluating models' ability to effectively capture different types of spatial behaviors and movements is important for determining whether models will be able to capture spatial distribution changes through time. This study uses simulation scenarios to test the ability of two types of models, a random walk and a delta-GLMM, to detect different level of population aggregation and movement through time when predicting population spatial distribution.
Mistry, K.R., C.A. O'Leary, M.D. Scheuerell, 2022. "Comparison of existing and spatio-temporal methods to apportion catch limits for subregional management of groundfish in the Gulf of Alaska". International Statistical Ecology Conference, June 27 - July 1 2022	June 2022	Continually improving models for fisheries management is vital for continuing to improve management practices and maintaining fisheries stocks at healthy population levels. This study furthers that goal by testing if a new model type would be better than the currently used one for groundfish stocks' management in the Gulf of Alaska.
Mistry, K.R., C.A. O'Leary, M.D. Scheuerell, 2022. "Comparison of existing and spatio-temporal methods to apportion catch limits for subregional management of groundfish in the Gulf of Alaska". Alaska Marine Science Symposium, virtual, January 25 - 27, 2022	January 2022	Continually improving models for fisheries management is vital for continuing to improve management practices and maintaining fisheries stocks at healthy population levels. This study furthers that goal by testing if a new model type would be better than the currently used one for groundfish stocks' management in the Gulf of Alaska.
Mistry, K., Converse, S., Amburgey, S., Yackel Adams, A., Siers, S. 2023. Dynamic Monitoring and Management of Brown Treesnakes: Modeling Removal Data to Identify Optimal Eradication Strategies. Brown Treesnake Technical Working Group Annual Meeting, Tamuning, Guam, 14 November 2023.	November 2023	We present a simulation-based model that can be used as a tool to optimize for brown treesnake monitoring and management on Guam.
Mistry K, SJ Converse, S Amburgey, A Yackel Adams, and S Siers. 2024. Dynamic monitoring and management of brown treesnakes: modeling removal data to identify optimal eradication strategies. Mariana Islands Conservation Conference, Guam, 26 February.	February 2024	We present a simulation-based model that can be used as a tool to optimize for brown treesnake monitoring and management on Guam.
Min, M.A., Scheuerell, M.D., and Buchanan, R.A. Multidirectional, multistate models for resolving adult steelhead migration pathways past dams. Fish Passage. June 13-16, 2022.	June 2022	This study examined the adult migration pathways of adult Steelhead returning to the Columbia River Basin. By analyzing how covariates such as rear type, temperature, and spill affect movement pathways, this study will provide results that may be used by hydropower managers to facilitate successful migration and spawning by Steelhead.
Min, M.A., Scheuerell, M.D., and Buchanan, R.A. Multidirectional, multistate models for resolving adult steelhead migration pathways past dams. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting. August 21-25, 2022.	August 2022	This study examined the adult migration pathways of adult Steelhead returning to the Columbia River Basin. By analyzing how covariates such as rear type, temperature, and spill affect movement pathways, this study will provide results that may be used by hydropower managers to facilitate successful migration and spawning by Steelhead.
Min, M. A., Cope, J., Lowry, D., Selleck, J., Tonnes, D., Andrews, K., Pacunski, R., Hennings, A., & Scheuerell, M. D. (2022). Data-limited fisheries methods shed light on the exploitation history and population dynamics of ESA-listed rockfishes in Puget Sound, Washington. Salish Sea Conference. April 26-28, 2022	April 2022	This study generated the first quantitative estimates of population status for ESA-listed rockfishes (Yelloweye Rockfish and Bocaccio) in Puget Sound. These results were the basis of the 5-Year Review of these species, which may lead to the start of the downlisting or delisting process for these species under the ESA.
Miller, MA, B Daykin, NJ Hostetter, AA Yackel Adams, SJ Converse, and FJ Mazzotti. 2022 Assessment of Invasive Species Control. Everglades Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area (ECISMA) Everglades Invasive Species Summit, Davie, Florida; 19 July	July 2022	We explain a process to combat an invasive species, the veiled chameleon, that was recently identified at a location in Florida.
Miller, M.A., B. Daykin, N.J. Hostetter, A.A. Yackel Adams, S.J. Converse, and F.J. Mazzotti. Assessment of Invasive Species Removal. Invited Presentation. Everglades Cooperative Invasive Species Management Area Summit, Davie, Florida. July 11-12, 2023.	July 2023	We report on an effort to model an invasive population of veiled chameleons in Florida. Modeling indicates that the
Mendgen P, SJ Converse, AT Pearse, CS Teitelbaum, and T Mueller. 2018. Cultural transmission shapes migratory behaviour of Whooping Crane populations. Biomove Conference, Potsdam, Germany, 26-29 September.	September 2018	This presentation will focus on an analysis of differences in movement patterns between Whooping Cranes in the remnant wild population versus the reintroduced migratory population. An understanding of these differences will serve to inform the management of reintroductions, including selection of training and release methods.
McPeek, K.C., G.R. VanBlaricom, D.A. Beauchamp, and P.S. McDonald. 2012. Patterns of utilization of geoduck aquaculture plots by Pacific staghorn sculpin in Puget Sound, Washington: results from mark-recapture and stable isotope studies. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Annual Cooperators Meeting, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.	September 2012
McPeek, K.C., G.R. VanBlaricom, D.A. Beauchamp, and P.S. McDonald. 2012. Patterns of utilization of geoduck aquaculture plots by Pacific staghorn sculpin in Puget Sound, Washington: results from mark-recapture and stable isotope studies. 66th Annual Joint Meeting, Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. Tulalip, Washington, USA.	September 2012
McPeek, K., G.R. VanBlaricom, P.S. McDonald, and D.A. Beauchamp. 2012. Effects of geoduck aquaculture on the growth and stable isotope signatures of Pacific staghorn sculpins. 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Seattle, Washington, USA.	March 2012
McInturff, Alex. "Triangulating habitat suitability for the locally extinct California grizzly bear." The Wildlife Society Annual Conference. Baltimore, 2024.	October 2024	This work presents novel methods for estimating habitat suitability of locally extinct species through a case study of the grizzly bear in California.
McInturff, Alex. "Triangulating habitat suitability for the locally extinct California grizzly bear." North American Congress in Conservation Biology. Vancouver, BC, 2024.	June 2024	This work presents novel methods for estimating habitat suitability of locally extinct species through a case study of the grizzly bear in California.
McInturff, Alex. "Human Dimensions of Predator-Prey Research: Opportunities and Challenges in Science and Management." Presentation, The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, 2022	November 2022	This study examines the importance of a "human dimensions" lens in the broader context of multiple-predator multiple-prey research. While ecological studies on this topic have gained momentum, this talk describes the challenges and opportunities for the human dimensions of this work.
McInturff, Alex, Meghan Callahan, Gretchen Sneegas, and Lara Volski. “Urban human-wildlife interactions and environmental justice.” Pathways: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Conference. 2023	June 2023	While much of the research on mutualistic values toward wildlife has occurred in rural settings, urban environments host daily human-wildlife interactions that illuminate barriers and opportunities for coexistence. This talk will offer novel insights into questions of environmental justice that arise from considering urban human-wildlife interactions, including distributive, participatory, recognitional, and affective considerations
McInturff, A. "Meeting at the Crossroads: Environmental Justice and Large Carnivore Conservation." Panel presentation at Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference	April 2022	This work contributes new insights and applications of environmental justice to large carnivore conservation.
McDonald, P.S., Z. Oyafosu, A.W.E. Galloway, J.L. Price, K.C. McPeek, D.A. Armstrong, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2012. Is a picture worth a thousand words? What results of photo analysis reveal about the effects of geoduck aquaculture practices. 66th Annual Joint Meeting, Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. Tulalip, Washington, USA.	September 2012
McDonald, P.S., P.F. Stevick, A.W.E. Galloway, K. McPeek, D.A. Armstrong, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2012. Nekton, nets, and tubes: Macrofauna response to intertidal geoduck aquaculture operations in Puget Sound, Washington USA. 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Seattle, Washington, USA. 26 March 2012.	March 2012
McDonald, P.S., K.K. Holsman, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2015. Clams in space and time: Comparing analytical methods for determining the effects of aquaculture disturbance. 107th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Monterey, California USA. 22-26 March 2015.	March 2015	We use multivariate autoregressive state space statistical methods in order to complement previous analyses and evaluate temporal trends in community response to aquaculture-mediated disturbances. Results are compared to previous analyses and we discuss work to date as well as application of these methods for assessing aquaculture impacts more broadly.
McDonald, P.S., K.E. Larson, K.K. Holsman, A.W.E. Galloway, J.L. Price, M.N. Dethier, J.R. Cordell, T.E. Essington, D.A. Armstrong, and G.R. VanBlaricom. A fisheye perspective on habitat complexity: do structures associated with intertidal geoduck aquaculture affect trophic dynamics of nekton in unique ways? Aquaculture 2010 -Triennial Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, World Aquaculture Society, and Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society. San Diego, California, USA.	March 2010
McDonald, P.S., J.L. Price, J.R. Cordell, T.E. Essington, A.W.E. Galloway, M.N. Dethier, D.A. Armstrong, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Effects of geoduck aquaculture on ecosystem structure and function: A progress report. Annual Joint Meeting of the Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. Chelan, Washington, USA.	October 2008
McDonald, P.S., B. Ferris, J. Reum, C.J. Harvey, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2015. A modeling approach to understand the effects of geoduck aquaculture on the Puget Sound food web. 107th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Monterey, California USA. 22-26 March 2015.	March 2015	We have modified an existing, dynamic, mass balanced food web model developed within the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) framework to accommodate questions regarding ongoing expansion of the spatial scale of geoduck clam aquaculture in southern Puget Sound. The EwE approach allows identification of data gaps related to species biomass, diet, and life history characteristics that are relevant to improving our understanding of the relationship between geoduck aquaculture and the surrounding food web.
McDonald, P.S., A.W.E. Galloway, B.C. Stevick, T.E. Essington, G.R. VanBlaricom, G.C. Jensen, L.L. Conquest, and D.A. Armstrong. Distribution and abundance of subtidal geoduck clams (Panope abrupta) and California sea cucumbers (Parastichopus californicus) in Hood Canal, Washington. 63rd Annual Shellfish Conference. Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Grower’s Association. Portland, Oregon, USA.	September 2009
McCluskey, S.M., M.G. Logsdon, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Complexity of southern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca) movement patterns in relation to Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) distribution and abundance. Sixteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. San Diego, California, USA.	December 2005
McCluskey, S.M., G.R. VanBlaricom, and M.G. Logsdon. Southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) and Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): Correlations through space and time in the inland waters of Washington State (USA) and British Columbia (Canada). Eighteenth Annual Meeting, Society for Conservation Biology. Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.	August 2004
McCluskey, S.M., G.R. VanBlaricom, and M.G. Logsdon. Southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca [L., 1758]) and Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): Correlations through space and time in the semi-enclosed marine waters of Washington State (USA) and British Columbia (Canada). Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.	December 2003
McCluskey, S.M., G.R. VanBlaricom, and L.L. Conquest. Exploring correlations between population trends of southern resident killer whales and Pacific salmon off Washington state (USA) and British Columbia (Canada). Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology. Brasilia, D.F., Brazil.	July 2005
McCluskey, S., M.G. Logsdon, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Movement complexity of southern resident killer whales in relation to local abundance of salmon. Seventeenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Cape Town, South Africa.	December 2007
Mazur, M.M., B. Schofield, D.A. Beauchamp, M. McKillip, and S. Wells. 2007. Identifying spatio-temporal growth constraints for kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Lake Roosevelt using a light-dependent foraging model. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA. September 6, 2007.	September 2007
Mazur, M. M., D. A. Beauchamp. Aug 2000. Differences in reaction distances among cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and lake trout to prey fishes: implications for interactions of native and nonnative salmonids in lakes of western North America. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO.	August 2000
Major, W.W., III, J.M. Grassley, K.E. Ryding, C.E. Grue, T.N. Pearsons and A. Stephenson. 2003. The distribution and abundance of piscivorous birds and their consumption of fish on the Yakima River, Washington. Wildlife Science Seminar, 6 October 2003, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Presented by W.W. Major.	October 2003
Major, W.W., III, C.E. Grue, B. Dumbauld, J.M. Grassley, J.L. Cabarrus and N.C. Overman. 2004. Salmonid exposure to carbaryl following applications to control burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay, Washington. Towards an Integrated Managment of Burrowing Shrimp: A Growers Workshop, 20 February 2004, Long Beach, WA. Presented by W.W. Major.	February 2004
Major, W.W., III, C.E. Grue, B. Dumbauld, J.M. Grassley, J.L. Cabarrus and N.C. Overman. 2004. Exposure of salmonids to carbaryl following applications to control burrowing shrimp. 13th Annual Meeting Pacific Northwest Chapter, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15-17 April 2004, Port Townsend, WA. Poster presented by W. Major.	April 2004
Major, W.W., III, C.E. Grue, B. Dumbauld, J.M. Grassley, J.L. Cabarrus and N.C. Overman. 2003. Salmonid exposure to carbaryl following applications to control burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay, Washington. 57th Annual Conference Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association and National Shellfisheries Association - Pacific Coast Section, 8-11 October 2003, Portland, OR. Presented by W.W. Major.	October 2003
London, J.M., S.J. Jeffries, J.W. Durban, P.R. Wade, J. Calambokidis, M.M. Lance, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Transient killer whales in Hood Canal �" The sequel: Ramifications of a second extended foraging event by mammal-eating killer whales on a population of harbor seals in Washington state, USA. Sixteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. San Diego, California, USA.	December 2005
London, J.M., S.J. Jeffries, J. Ford, P. Olesiuk, J. Calambokidis and G.R. VanBlaricom. Ramifications of an extended foraging event by eleven transient killer whales on a population of harbor seals in Hood Canal, Washington, USA. Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.	December 2003
London, J.M., M.L. Lance, S.J. Jeffries and G.R. VanBlaricom. Genetic scat analysis: A practical approach to examining sexual variation in diet and the potential biases associated with pinniped scats. 14th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada	December 2001
London, J.L., S.J. Jeffries, G.R. VanBlaricom, and J. Calambokidis. Foraging Ecology of harbor seals and the potential impacts on salmonid populations in Hood Canal (Washington State). Conference on the Nature of Hood Canal. Washington College Sea Grant Program. Seabeck, Washington, USA	December 1998
London, J.L., M. Wilson, P. Bentzen, R. Ream, S. Wasser, S. Jeffries, G.R. VanBlaricom, and B. Roca. Individual and sexual variation in harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) prey selection through the use of genetic scat analysis. 13th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Wailea, Hawaii, USA	December 1999
Lloyd NA, NJ Hostetter, CL Jackson, SJ Converse, and A Moehrenschlager. 2018. Optimizing release strategies: a stepping-stone approach to reintroduction. International Wildlife Reintroduction Conference, Chicago, Illinois. 13-16 November.	November 2018	We will present on recently published research on reintroduction strategies for endangered Vancouver Island marmots. Results indicate that a novel reintroduction approach - known as a stepping-stone approach, can improve the probability that reintroduced captive-reared marmots will reach prime breeding age in the wild.
Litzky, L.K., R.C. Hobbs, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Monitoring age-structure and recovery status of Cook Inlet belugas by skin color determination. Annual Meeting, American Society of Mammalogists. Missoula. Montana, USA	June 2001
Litzky, L.K., R.C. Hobbs and G.R. VanBlaricom. Monitoring the age structure and recovery status of Cook Inlet, Alaska beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) by skin color determination. Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology. Canterbury, United Kingdom	July 2002
Litzky, L.K., R.C. Hobbs and G.R. VanBlaricom. Monitoring age-structure and recovery status of Cook Inlet belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) by skin color determination. Fourteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada	December 2001
Linking limnology and fisheries: Approaches for understanding food web processes in lakes. Washington Lake Protection Association Annual Meeting, Chelan, WA. April 4, 2003. Invited speaker and session chair.	April 2003
Law E, G Slater, A Bratt, HA Sipe, SJ Converse, J Lawler, and J Heinrichs. 2024. Management options for Streaked Horned Larks under multiple interacting stressors. North American Congress for Conservation Biology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.	June 2024	Threatened species typically face multiple interacting stressors that challenge recovery efforts. We used Hexsim, an individual-based modelling environment, to develop an experimental analog of the prairie system supporting Streaked Horned Larks in Washington. Our results highlight the value of forecasting ecological change to develop management strategies that can adapt in an uncertain and dynamic future.
Larson, K.E., P.S. McDonald, A.W.E. Galloway, J.L. Price, J.R. Cordell, T.E. Essington, M.N. Dethier, D.A. Armstrong, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Trophic implications of structure additions associated with intertidal geoduck aquaculture. 63rd Annual Shellfish Conference. Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Grower’s Association. Portland, Oregon, USA.	September 2009
Lander, M.E., T.R. Loughlin, M.L. Logsdon, G.R. VanBlaricom, B.S. Fadely, and L.W. Fritz. Environmental composition of habitat used by juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Sixteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. San Diego, California, USA.	December 2005
Lander, M.E., T.R. Loughlin, M.L. Logsdon, G.R. VanBlaricom, B. Fadely, and L.W. Fritz. Population response of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) to spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity. Twenty-second Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology. Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA.	July 2008
Lander, M.E., T.R. Loughlin, G.R. VanBlaricom, and M.L. Logsdon. Spatially Explicit Foraging Ecology of Juvenile Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus). 22nd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium: Sea Lions of the World: Conservation and Research in the 21st Century. Alaska Sea Grant Program, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.	October 2004
Lander, M.E., T.R. Loughlin, G.R. VanBlaricom, M.G. Logsdon, and J.T. Stirling. Spatially explicit foraging ecology of juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.	December 2003
King, K.A., C.E. Grue, J.R. Winton, W.W. Dickhoff and R.M. Kocan. 2004. 4-nonylphenol and smoltification in juvenile Pacific salmon: Effects of intraperitoneal and aqueous exposures. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 23 February 2004, Lacey, WA. Presented by K. King.	February 2004
King, K.A., C.E. Grue, J.R. Winton, W.W. Dickhoff and R.M. Kocan. 2004. 4-nonylphenol and smoltification in juvenile Pacific salmon: Effects of intraperitoneal and aqueous exposures. US Fish and Widlife Service, 23 February 2004, Lacey, WA. Presented by K. King.	February 2004
King, K.A., C.E. Grue, J.R. Winton, W.W. Dickhoff and R.M. Kocan. 2003. Effects of intraperitoneal and aqueous exposures of nonylphenol on smoltification in juvenile Pacific salmon. 24th Annual Meeting Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 9-13 November 2003, Austin, TX. Poster presented by K. King.	November 2003
King, K.A., C.E. Grue, J.M. Grassley, C.A. Curran, W.W. Dickhoff and J.R. Winton. 2004. Effects of aquatic herbicides on smoltification in juvenile coho salmon. 23rd Annual Meeting, Western Aquatic Plant Management Society, 11-12 March, 2004, Bellevue, WA. Presented by K. King.	March 2004
King, K.A., C.E. Grue, J.M. Grassley, C.A. Curran, W.W. Dickhoff and J.R. Winton. 2004. Effects of aquatic herbicides on smoltification in juvenile coho salmon. 23rd Annual Meeting, Western Aquatic Plant Management Society, 11-12 March 2004, Bellevue, WA. Presented by K. King.	March 2004
King, K.A., C.E. Grue, J.M. Grassley, C.A. Curran, W.W. Dickhoff and J.R. Winton. 2004. Effects of aquatic herbicides on smoltification in juvenile coho salmon. 17th Annual Conference, Washington State Lake Protection Association, 31 March-2 April, 2004, Bellinghan, WA. Presented by K. King.	March 2004
King, K.A., C.E. Grue, J.M. Grassley, C.A. Curran, W.W. Dickhoff and J.R. Winton. 2004. Effects of aquatic herbicides on smoltification in juvenile coho salmon. 13th Annual Meeting Pacific Northwest Chapter, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15-17 April 2004, Port Townsend, WA. Poster presented by K. King.	April 2004
King, K.A., C.E. Grue, J.M. Grassley, C.A. Curran, W.W. Dichoff and J.R. Winton. 2004. Effects of aquatic herbicides on smoltification in juvenile coho salmon. 17th Annual Conference, Washington State Lake Protection Association, 31 March - 2 April, 2004, Bellingham, WA. Presented by K. King.	March 2004
King, K.A., C.E. Grue, J. R. Winton, W.W. Dickhoff and R.M. Kocan. 2003. Effects of intraperitoneal and aqueous exposures of nonylphenol on smoltification in juvenile Pacific salmon. 24th Annual Meeting Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 9-13 November 2003, Austin, TX. Poster presented by K. King.	November 2003
King, K.A., C.E. Grue, J. R. Winton, W.W. Dickhoff and R.M. Kocan. 2003. Effects of 4-NP on smoltification in juvenile pacific salmon. 12th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Northwest Chapter Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, April 17-19, 2003, Port Townsend, WA.	April 2003
King, K., C. Curran, D. Boehm, K. Genther, K. Grange, R. Higley, S. McAvinchey, A. Schaaf, D. Sowle, C. Sykes, J. Grassley and C. Grue. 2003. Toxicity of Rodeo(R) and two formulations of arsenal(R) to juvenile rainbow trout. 12th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Northwest Chapter, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, April 17-19, 2003. Port Townsend, WA. Presented by K. Grange	April 2003
King, K., C. Curran, D. Boehm, K. Genther, K. Grange, R. Higley, S. McAvinchey, A. Schaaf, D. Sowle, C. Sykes, J. Grassley and C. Grue. 2003. Toxicity of Rodeo(R) and two formulations of Arsenal(R) to juvenile rainbow trout. 6th Annual University of Washington Undergraduate Research Symposium, May 16, 2003, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Presented by K. Genther.	May 2003
Kertson, B., G. Koehler and C. Grue. 2003. Cougar (Puma concolor) fine-scale habitat characteristics, utilization and prey distribution among residential areas: a component of Project CAT (Cougars and Teaching). Annual Meeting, Washington Chapter of the Wildlife Society, April 15-17, 2003. Port Townsend, WA.	April 2003
Kertson, B., C. Grue and G. Koehler. 2003. Mountain lions and citizen science - Testing the quality of scientific data collected by student volunteers. Joint Unit and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Seminar Series, 10 October 2003, Olympia, WA. Presented by Brian Kertson.	October 2003
Kershner, M. W. and D. A. Beauchamp. Aug 2000. Exploring the influence of biotic and abiotic gradients on prey encounter by pelagic piscivores. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO.	August 2000
Keating L, L Randall, R Stanton, C McCormack, M Lucid, T Seaborn, SJ Converse, S Canessa, and A Moehrenschlager. 2022. Using decision analysis to assess the feasibility of recovery of northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) using conservation translocations in northern Idaho. Canadian Herpetological Society Annual Conference, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada; September 16-19.	September 2022	Leopard frogs are a species of management concern in Idaho. We describe a decision-analytic process to inform reintroductions of leopard frogs to northern Idaho.
Kadin M, M Frederiksen, S Niiranen, and SJ Converse. 2018. Merging seabird survival modeling and food web models reveals management trade-offs. Pacific Seabird Group 45th Annual Meeting, La Paz, Mexico. 21-24 February.	February 2018	This contributed presentation to the annual Pacific Seabird Group meeting highlights a novel combination of modelling techniques that illustrates trade-offs or synergies associated with management options. The work concerns common murre in the Baltic Sea, and how their survival rates may change under changing management scenarios.
Kadin M, M Frederiksen, S Niiranen, and SJ Converse. 2018. Integration of population and food-web models uncover conflicting management targets: insights from scenario analysis of Baltic Sea common murres. International Ornithological Conference, Vancouver, Canada. 19-26 August.	August 2018	This presentation will report on work that is in review at Conservation Letters. We demonstrate a method and apply it to understand how common murres might respond to changing marine conditions in the Baltic Sea, using a combination of mark-recapture and foodweb models.
Inter-annual variation in feeding, growth, distribution and survival of pink salmon in the coastal Gulf of Alaska. GLOBEC Northeast Pacific Scientific Investigators? meeting September 24-25, 2007.	September 2007
Hostetter, NJ, JH Vashon, M O’Neal, AK Fuller, SJ Converse. An integrated age-at-harvest model linking harvest and research data to estimate black bear abundance and demographics. 13th International Mammalogical Congress. Anchorage, Alaska. 14-20 July 2023.	July 2023	We describe an integrated age-at-harvest model that links research and monitoring data to estimate abundance and demographics of black bears in Maine, USA.
Hostetter, NJ, JH Vashon, C McLaughlin, M O’Neal, AK Fuller, SJ Converse. An integrated age-at-harvest model linking harvest and research data to estimate black bear abundance, demographics, and population growth rates in Maine, USA. 25^th Eastern Black Bear Workshop. Trego, Wisconsin. April 2023.	April 2023	We describe an integrated age-at-harvest model that links research and monitoring data to estimate abundance and demographics of black bears in Maine, USA.
Hostetter NJ, SJ Converse, and EV Regehr. 2017. Study design considerations for integrated population models: improving conservation and management of polar bears. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon, 6-11 August.	August 2017	This abstract is for an invited talk in a special session on integrated population models. The abstract describes cutting edge work in optimal study design for integrated population modeling applications.
Hostetter NJ, SJ Converse, SM Amburgey, MG Nafus, LT Huse, L Gray, PD Barnhart, SR Siers, D Vice, AA Yackel Adams. 2021. Brown Treesnakes on Cocos: Using a robust design removal model to investigate abundance and optimize future survey efforts. Brown Treesnake Technical Working Group, Online. 8 Nov - 11 Nov. 2021.	November 2021	We describe and apply a robust design removal model to data from an incipient population of Brown Treesnakes (BTS) on Cocos Island, Guam. These methods allow us to estimate abundance, movement, and population growth rate based on BTS removal data.
Hostetter NJ, SJ Converse, EV Regehr, JA Royle, and RR Wilson. 2018. Integrating spatial capture-recapture and telemetry data to jointly estimate abundance and movement. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Cleveland, USA. 7-11 October.	October 2018	This paper will be presented in a symposium on movement modeling in capture-recapture. The work reports on a large simulation study we have undertaken to evaluate combination of more sophisticated models to estimate density in species that range over large areas, like polar bears.
Hostetter NJ, NJ Lunn, ES Richardson, EV Regehr, and SJ Converse. 2019. Integrating age data to improve estimation of polar bear abundance, survival, and recruitment in open-population Jolly-Seber models. American Fisheries Society & The Wildlife Society Joint Conference, Reno, Nevada. 29 September - 3 October.	September 2019	Jolly-Seber models are ubiquitous in the study of abundance, survival, and recruitment in wild populations. We show how the integration of age data into these models can great improve the resulting estimates.
Hostetter NJ, EV Regehr, RR Wilson, NJ Lunn, ES Richardson, JA Royle, and SJ Converse. 2020. Data integration approaches to estimate polar bear abundance, survival, movement, and recruitment. Alaska Marine Science Symposium, Anchorage, Alaska. 27-31 January.	January 2020	Data integration is a powerful approach to improving the analysis of populations. This presentation will provide an overview of multiple data integration approaches we have developed to improve the study of polar bear populations, and other large, wide-ranging mammals.
Hostetter NJ, AA Yackel-Adams, SM Amburgey, WA Link, and SJ Converse. 2020. Optimizing eradication strategies for an incipient population of brown treesnakes on Cocos Island. Brown Treesnake Technical Working Group, Online. 9 Nov - 19 Nov.	November 2020	A recently discovered incipient population of brown treesnakes on Cocos Island, off the coast of Guam, is a serious threat to wildlife on the island. We describe how an existing optimization framework could be used to identify the most cost effective eradication strategy.
Holt K, SJ Converse, and PD Boersma. 2024. Sex, but not size, is related to foraging success and efficiency in Megallanic Penguins. Pacific Seabird Group Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, USA; 21-23 February.	February 2024	Body size can affect species’ foraging success and efficiency, and males of most seabird species are larger than females. We studied foraging efficiency in a penguin with a sex ratio that is skewed towards males, and found that not size but other sex-specific foraging behaviors are driving large differences in foraging success and potentially mortality rates.
Hoberecht, L.K., G.R. VanBlaricom, and B.J. Prazen. Comparisons of blubber fatty acids between sexes of adult Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Sixteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. San Diego, California, USA.	December 2005
Hoberecht, L.K., G.R. VanBlaricom, and B.J. Prazen. Comparisons of Blubber Fatty Acids between Sexes of Adult Steller Sea Lions. 22nd Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium: Sea Lions of the World: Conservation and Research in the 21st Century. Alaska Sea Grant Program, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.	October 2004
Hoberecht, L.K., D.J. Vos, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Sampling Steller sea lion blubber using a remote biopsy system. Symposium on Marine Science in the Northeast Pacific: Science for Resource-Dependent Communities. Anchorage, Alaska, USA	January 2003
Hoberecht, L.K., D.J. Vos, and G.R. VanBlaricom. A remote biopsy system to sample Steller sea lion blubber. Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.	December 2003
Hoberecht, L.K., D.J. Vos, and G.R. VanBlaricom. A remote biopsy system to sample Steller sea lion blubber. 2004 Annual Meeting, American Society of Mammalogists. Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA	June 2004
Himes Boor GK, TL McGuire, AJ Warlick, RL Taylor, SJ Converse, JR McClung, and AD Stephens. 2022. Estimating vital rates for an endangered beluga whale using a novel mark-recapture model that leverages multi-year mother-calf associations and accounts for uncertain calf ages. Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, West Palm Beach, Florida, USA. 1-5 December.	August 2022	Cook Inlet beluga whales are a high priority ESA-listed species, yet no good estimates of reproduction and young survival have previously been available. With a novel model, we provide an approach and some of the first estimates of reproduction and young survival in this population.
Hauser, D.D.W., M.G. Logsdon, G.R. VanBlaricom, and E.E. Holmes. Southern resident killer whale (Orcinus orca) summer distribution patterns: Effects of changing temporal scales. Sixteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. San Diego, California, USA.	December 2005
Hauser, D.D.W, M.G. Logsdon, E.E. Holmes, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2006. Spatial modeling of summer distribution patterns for endangered killer whale (Orcinus orca) pods within Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada inshore waters. Society for Conservation GIS Annual Conference. San Jose, California, USA.	June 2006
Hauser, D.D., M.L. Logsdon, E.E. Holmes, G.R. VanBlaricom, and R.W. Osborne. Representing and exploring summer distribution patterns of Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca). Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference. Puget Sound Action Team, Seattle, Washington, USA.	March 2005
Hallock EM, SJ Converse, JL DeVore, AJ DuVall, and B Gardner. 2025. Effects of rat eradication on daily nest survival probabilities of Brown Boobies (Sula leucogaster) on a tropical atoll. Pacific Seabird Group Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica; 6-9 January 2025.	January 2025	We will be presenting the results of a multistate daily nest survival model of Brown Boobies on Tetiaroa Atoll, completed by the UW Tetiaroa Seabird Research Team. We are comparing nest success of one ground-nesting species between areas with and without rats.
Hallock EM, B Gardner, JL DeVore, AJ DuVall, and SJ Converse. 2024. Vegetation Cover and Landscape Features Predict Breeding Seabird Space Use on a Pacific Atoll. Pacific Seabird Group Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, USA; 20-23 February 2024.	February 2024	This presentation will be on the first analysis of seabird selection of vegetation and habitat types on Tetiaroa Atoll, completed by the UW Tetiaroa Seabird Research Team. We are using data from point counts and vegetation surveys conducted on 110 sites on different islets with distinct habitats.
Hallock EM, B Gardner, JL DeVore, AJ DuVall, and SJ Converse. 2023. Impacts of invasive rats on Brown Boobies (Sula Leucogaster) nest success on Tetiaroa Atoll, French Polynesia. Pacific Seabird Conference, La Jolla, California, USA; 14-17 February 2023.	February 2023	This presentation will be on the first analysis of the impacts of invasive rats on seabirds on Tetiaroa Atoll, completed by the UW Tetiaroa Seabird Research Team. We are comparing nest success of one ground-nesting species between areas with and without rats.
HA Sipe, JG Ewen, S Canessa, L Adams, D F Shanahan, K C Beaven, R Selwyn, E H Parlato, and SJ Converse. 2024. Using constructed value of information to identify uncertainties in threatened species management programs. The Wildlife Society Conference. 19 - 23 October.	October 2024	We apply and adapt a newer value of information analysis tool to identify and prioritize management relevant uncertainties for a reintroduced population of Hihi (<i>Notiomystis cincta</i>) in New Zealand.
HA Sipe, GL Slater, Bratt AE, SF Pearson, and SJ Converse. 2024. Reintroduction strategy development and evaluation for a threatened grassland passerine using decision analysis. British Ornithologists’ Union Conference on avian translocations. 12 - 13 Nov. Online	November 2024	We used decision-analytic methods to develop a framework for the reintroduction of Streaked Horned Larks in Washington State, USA. In our framework we develop alternative management strategies for reintroduction and simulate their outcomes in terms of species persistence and abundance under each alternative.
Grue, C.E., J.M. Grassley, J.A. Frew, and A.T. Troiano. 2012. Behavior of ghost shrimp exposed to imidacloprid in the laboratory: Implications for the control of burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay, Washington. 64rd Annual Conference Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association and National Shellfisheries Association, Pacific Coast Section, 13-27 September, Tulalip, WA	September 2012
Grue, C.E., J.M. Grassley, J.A. Frew, and A.T. Troiano. 2012. Behavior of ghost shrimp exposed to imidacloprid in the laboratory: Implications for the control of burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay, Washington. 33rd Annual Meeting Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 11-15 November, Long Beach, CA	November 2012
Grue, C.E., G.R. VanBlaricom, and G.N. Pauley. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Meeting research needs through graduate student research. Annual Meeting, Washington/British Columbia Regional Chapter, The Wildlife Society. Blaine, Washington, USA	April 1993
Grue, C.E., F. Paveglio, K. Kilbride, J. Hidy, J. Civille, K. Sayce, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Assessing the risks smooth cordgrass and its control pose to wildlife in Willapa Bay, Washington. Annual Meeting, Pacific Estuarine Research Society. Seattle, Washington, USA.	September 1995
Grue, C.E., C.A. Curran, J.L. Cabarrus, B.C. Smith, J.M. Grassley and S.C. Gardner. 2004. Active ingredients, formulations and tank mixes: What should be regulated? 23rd Annual Meeting, Western Aquatic Plant Mangement Society, 11-12 March 2004, Bellevue, WA.	March 2004
Grue, C.E., C.A. Curran, J.L. Cabarrus, B.C. Smith, J.M. Grassley and S.C. Gardner. 2004. Active ingredients, formulations and tank mixes: What should be regulated? 13th Annual Meeting Pacific Northwest Chapter, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15-17 April 2004, Port Townsend, WA.	April 2004
Grue, C.E., C.A. Curran, J.L. Cabarrus, B.C. Smith, J.M. Grassley and S.C. Gardner. 2003. Active ingredients, formulations and tank mixes: What should be regulated? 24th Annual Meeting Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 9-13 November 2003, Austin, TX. Poster presented by C.E. Grue.	November 2003
Grue, C.E. and K.A. King. 2012. Pesticides, urban streams, and Pacific salmon: What have we learned over the last 10 years. 33rd Annual Meeting Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 12 November, Long Beach, CA. INVITED	November 2012
Grue, C.E. Jun 2000, Evaluating the protection of biodiversity in Washington State - The view from space, Washington Forest Protection Association, Sea-Tac, WA.	June 2000
Grue, C.E. Jan 2000, The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, US Forest Service, Station Leadership Team Meeting, Seattle, WA.	January 2000
Grue, C.E. 2004. GMO's: Weird science, salvation or hazard to human and environmental health. Wildlife Science Seminar, College of Forest Resources, 17 May 2004, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.	May 2004
Grue, C.E. 2003. Toxicity of herbicide tank mixes (active ingredients, formulated products and surfactants): Implications for aquatic resources. Wildlife Science Seminar Series, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, April 14, 2003, Seattle, WA.	April 2003
Grue, C.E. 2012. Pesticides and ESA-listed species: Leaps of faith and pious hopes. 31st Annual Meeting Western Aquatic Plant Management Society, 2-4 April, San Diego, CA.	April 2012
Grue, C.E. 2012. On the need for a holistic strategy for the control of invasive and exotic species in Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor, WA. 64rd Annual Conference Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association and National Shellfisheries Association, Pacific Coast Section, 13-27 September, Tulalip, WA	September 2012
Grue, C.E. 2012. Ecological risk assessment: On the need to evaluate leaps of faith and pious hopes. The National Academies, National Research Council, Ecological Risk Assessment Under FIFRA and ESA. 31 January, Seattle, WA	January 2012
Grue, C., J. Grassley, J. Frew, and A. Troiano. 2011. Toxicity of imidacloprid to juvenile and adult ghost shrimp: Implications for the control of burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor, Washington. 32nd Annual Meeting Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 13-17 November, Boston, MA.	November 2011
Grue, C., J. Grassley, C. Elfes, and T. Troiano. 2011. Exposure of cutthroat trout to carbaryl following application to control burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor, Washington – The rest of the story. 32nd Annual Meeting Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 13-17 November, Boston, MA.	November 2011	We conclude cutthroat trout are unlikely to be exposed to the concentrations and durations of exposure used in laboratory studies by others, and given spatial and ecological contexts, indirect effects of sufficient magnitude to adversely affect cutthroat trout populations in the Bay are unlikely
Grue, C. and K. Dvornich. 2012. Protecting biodiversity in Washington State: Analysis, paralysis, and the path to extinction. Washington Fish and Wildlife Commission, 5 October, Olympia, WA. INVITED	October 2012
Grue, C. 2012. On the need for a holistic strategy for the control of invasive and exotic species in Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor, Washington. 65th Annual Meeting Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association, Tulalip, WA.	October 2012	Personal perspectives on the importance of adaptive management in the control of exotic and invasive species in Willapa Bay and Grays Harbor, WA
Grassley, J.M., P.L. Gibert, C.M. Bonsignore, K.M. Cassidy, and C.E. Grue, Mar 2000, Inventory of flora and fauna on the US Navy?s Fleet and Industrial Supply Center Puget Sound, Manchester Fuel Department, Manchester, WA, Annual Meeting National Miltitary Fish and Wildlife Association, 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, Chicago, Illinois (poster presentation).	March 2000
Gerber, L.R., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Potential fishery conflicts involving sea otters (Enhydra lutris [L.]) in Washington state waters. Eleventh Biennial Conference on the Biology of Sea Otters. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Orlando, Florida, USA.	December 1995
Gerber, L.R., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Modelling population viability in marine mammals. Conference on Population Viability Modelling. Society for Conservation Biology. San Diego, California, USA	March 1999
Gerber, L.R., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Effects of a growing sea otter population on fisheries and coastal ecosystems off Washington State. Ninth Annual Meeting, Society for Conservation Biology. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA	July 1995
Gerber, L.R., D.P. DeMaster, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Endangered Species Act classification of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Eleventh Annual Meeting, Society for Conservation Biology. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.	July 1997
Gerber BD, SJ Converse, E Muths, HJ Crockett, BA Mosher,and LL Bailey. 2017. Determining optimal management strategies for amphibian populations challenged by disease. Annual Meeting of Utah and Colorado/Wyoming Chapters of the American Fisheries Society, 22-23 February.	February 2017	This talk will present results of a process to determine optimal management strategies for the boreal toad, a species threatened by chytridiomycosis. We will describe the design and execution of the process - which integrated both empirical and expert judgment information - and report results.
Gerber BD, BA Mosher, LL Bailey, E Muths, HJ Crockett, and SJ Converse. 2023. Optimal management decisions are robust to unknown dynamics in an amphibian metapopulation plagued by disease. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. 5-9 November.	November 2023	We investigated the sensitivity of management decisions to unknown dynamics regarding colonization of sites by the pathogenic chytrid fungus using value of information and regret analyses. We found that, while uncertainty is substantial, the optimal decisions vary little, suggesting that little management value would be gained by reducing this uncertainty before moving to conserve the boreal toad.
Gardner B., B.T. McClintock, S.J. Converse, N.J. Hostetter. 2021. Integrating animal movement processes into spatial capture-recapture models. International Conference on Advances In Interdisciplinary Statistics And Combinatorics. Greensboro, NC. 8-10 October 2021.	October 2021	Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models have become widespread for estimating demographic parameters but tend to rely on unrealistic assumptions about animal movement. Herein, we describe SCR-movement models that integrate animal movement processes into SCR models and demonstrate how to formulate, simulate from, and fit this new class of models.
Gardner B, NJ Hostetter, B Abrahms, R Chandler, P Conn, SJ Converse, R Emmet, D Johnson, and B McClintock. 2020. Moving forward: Integrating animal movement into spatial capture-recapture models. International Statistical Ecology Conference, Online. 22-26 June.	June 2020	Integrating movement ecology with population ecology offers incredible potential for advancing animal ecology. Here, we describe the importance of and an avenue for integrating movement models with spatial capture-recapture methods.
Gardner B, LS Petracca, BT Maletzke, and SJ Converse. 2023. Forecasting recolonization dynamics of wolves through an integrated population model with individual based movement. 13th International Mammalogical Congress. Anchorage, Alaska. 14-20 July 2023.	July 2023	Recolonizing species pose particular challenges for forecasting dynamics over space and time. We developed a model that combines an integrated population model with an individual-based model of movements for forecasting the wolf population in Washington State.
Gamble, M.M., J. Chamberlin, E.J. Duffy, and D.A. Beauchamp. 2015. Identifying Critical Periods of Growth and Mortality in Pacific Salmon and Deciphering Underlying Mechanisms	August 2015	We can identify critical periods for juvenile salmon cohorts sampled at successive life stages through the first marine growth season, then diagnose factors affecting growth during thesae periods. This approach could improve run forecasting and inform, focus and prioritize restoration efforts.
Galloway, A.W.E., P.S. McDonald, M.N. Dethier, J.R. Cordell, J.L. Price, T.E. Essington, D.A. Armstrong, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Effects of geoduck aquaculture planting practices on fish and macroinvertebrate communities in southern Puget Sound, Washington. 63rd Annual Shellfish Conference. Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Grower’s Association. Portland, Oregon, USA.	September 2009
Galloway, A.W.E, P.S. McDonald, P.F. Stevick, M.N. Dethier, J.R. Cordell, J.D. Toft, J.L. Price, T.E. Essington, D.A. Armstrong, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Mobile macrofauna use of intertidal geoduck aquaculture structure fields in Puget Sound, Washington. Aquaculture 2010 -Triennial Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, World Aquaculture Society, and Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society. San Diego, California, USA.	March 2010
Gage, T.K., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Effects of invertebrates as clam predators in Prince William Sound, Alaska, with implications for sea otters. Annual Meeting, Western Society of Naturalists. La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.	February 1997
Gage, T.K., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Competition between sea otters and predatory benthic invertebrates for bivalve prey in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Implications for recovery of sea otters from the Exxon Valdez oil spill. World Marine Mammal Science Conference, Society for Marine Mammalogy and European Cetacean Society. Monte Carlo, Monaco.	January 1998
Gage, T.K., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Competition between sea otters and predatory benthic invertebrates for bivalve prey in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Implications for recovery of sea otters from the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Sixth Joint U.S.-Russia Workshop on the Biology of Sea Otters. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Russia Academy of Sciences. Forks, Washington, USA.	November 1997
Funk WC, SJ Converse, C Darst, BR Forrester, and SR Morey. 2017. Incorporating information on adaptive potential into conservation policy: integrating genomics into Endangered Species Act decisions. Symposium on Conservation of Adaptive Potential and Functional Diversity, Durham, UK. 14-15 September.	September 2017	This presentation will focus on the role that genomic information on adaptive diversity can play in Endangered Species Act decisions. The presentation will combine ideas of decision-making, population modeling, and representation of adaptive diversity in population models.
Fukuyama, A.K., and G.R. VanBlaricom. The ecology of subtidal clam populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Recruitment, population structure, and predation by sea otters. 27th Benthic Ecology Meeting. Florida Institute of Technology. Melbourne, Florida, USA.	March 1998
Fukuyama, A.K., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Subtidal bivalve population structure in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Comparisons between oiled and unoiled areas following the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Conference: Legacy of an Oil Spill: Ten Years After Exxon Valdez. Exxon Valdez Trustee Council and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Anchorage, Alaska, USA	March 1999
Fukuyama, A.K., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Sea otter foraging in Prince William Sound, Alaska: A benthic perspective. Sixth Joint U.S.-Russia Sea Otter Workshop. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Russia Academy of Sciences. Forks, Washington, USA.	November 1997
Fukuyama, A.K., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Occurrence of an assemblage of intact dead bivalves in Prince William Sound with implications for bivalve populations following the Exxon Valdex oil spill. Conference: Legacy of an Oil Spill: Ten Years After Exxon Valdez. Exxon Valdez Trustee Council and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Anchorage, Alaska, USA	March 1999
Fukuyama, A.K., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Abundance, recruitment, and size structure of subtidal bivalve populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Implications for recovery of sea otters from the Exxon Valdez oil spill. World Marine Mammal Science Conference, Society for Marine Mammalogy and European Cetacean Society. Monte Carlo, Monaco.	January 1998
Fukuyama, A.K., G.R. VanBlaricom, and T. Loher. Subtidal bivalves in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Recruitment, population structure, and predation by sea otters. Annual Meeting, Western Society of Naturalists. La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.	February 1997
Friedman, C.S., N. Wight, L.M. Crosson, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2012. Resistance to bacterial disease in abalones: Role of host and bacterial hyperparasite. 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Seattle, Washington, USA. 28 March 2012. Invited spoken presentation by Friedman.	March 2012
Friedman, C.S., N. Wight, L. Crosson, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Development of disease resistance in black abalone. Annual Joint Meeting of the Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. Chelan, Washington, USA.	October 2008
Friedman, C.S., L.M. Crosson, A.M. Fuller, G.R. VanBlaricom, M. Neuman, D. Witting, E. Hofmann, and E. Powell. 2017. Modeling transmission of a bacterial pathogen among farmed and wild abalones in the face of climate change and declining wild populations. 2017 Aquatic Sciences Meeting, American Society for Limnology and Oceanography, 26 February - 3 March 2017, Honolulu, Hawaii USA.	February 2017	The presentation reports progress in studies of the ecology of a bacterial pathogen causing mass mortalities in commercially valuable abalone populations in the coastal marine waters of California. We provide information on the relative susceptibility of three abalone species to the pathogen, on the finding that each species' vulnerability to the pathogen relates to unique patterns in ocean temperature, and the finding that pathogen concentrations in coastal ocean water are, as expected, highe
Friedman, C., G. VanBlaricom, N. Wight, C. Jackels, R. Strenge, L. Crosson, B. Vadopalas, T. McCormick, J. Wilson, H. Lenihan, and K. Lafferty. University of Washington withering syndrome resistance study. Black Abalone Workshop. National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, California, USA.	July 2006
Frew, J.A., J.M. Grassley, and C.E. Grue. 2012. Characterizing exposure of green sturgeon to imidacloprid following application to control burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay, Washington. 64rd Annual Conference Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association and National Shellfisheries Association, Pacific Coast Section, 13-27 September, Tulalip, WA.	September 2012
Frew, J.A., J.M. Grassley, and C.E. Grue. 2012. Characterizing exposure of green sturgeon to imidacloprid following application to control burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay, Washington. 33rd Annual Meeting Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 11-15 November, Long Beach, CA.	November 2012
Farrell D.M., B. Ferriss, A. Trivedi, S. Pathak, S. Muppalla, R. Dodhia, J. Wang, K. Veggerby, D. Morris, B. Sanderson, and M. Scheuerell. 2022. Using a computer vision model to locate fish in underwater video: a case study in shellfish aquaculture. 4th ICES PICES Early Career Scientist Conference, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, 9–12 May 2022.	May 2022	This work utilized a computer vision model to identify fish in underwater video. Using machine learning to automate fish location and identification in underwater video could advance the application of underwater video across fisheries and aquaculture research and management fields.
Farr, M.T., Spragens, K.A., Evenson, J.R., Murphie, B.L., Hamer, M.D., and Converse, S.J. (2022) A spatiotemporal model to estimate annual growth rates and overwintering distribution of sea ducks in the Salish Sea. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference. Spokane, WA. November 6th, 2022.	November 2022	The research developed a modeling framework to assess sea duck conservation status and abundance trends in the Salish Sea with aerial survey data. Results will inform management action including harvest regulations and will provide sea ducks' spatial relationships to environmental covariates.
Farr MT, B Gardner, LS Petracca, PJ Hodum, RSA Kaler, SF Pearson, HM Renner, and SJ Converse. 2024. Optimizing range-wide monitoring strategy for Tufted Puffins. Pacific Seabird Group Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, USA; 20-24 February 2024.	February 2024	Breeding grounds of species often cross jurisdictions, necessitating transboundary coordination in conservation planning. Through simulation, we evaluate range-wide monitoring alternatives for a declining seabird, the Tufted Puffin.
Essington, T.E., A.W.E. Galloway, P.S. McDonald, D.A. Armstrong, J. Davis, G. Jensen, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Estimating filtration capacity of subtidal geoducks in Hood Canal, Washington. Aquaculture 2010 - Triennial Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, World Aquaculture Society, and Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society. San Diego, California, USA.	March 2010	To be added.
Embryogenesis in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) exposed to Rodeo(R) and R-11. Regional Workshop on Invasive Spartina: Management & Science, 13-14 May 2002, Olympia, WA	May 2002
Elmstrom E, Holtgrieve GW, Scheuerell MD. 2022. Detecting shared trends and controls of river nitrogen source and delivery using nitrate isotopic composition and multivariate state space models. Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting. Grand Rapids, MI. May 14-20, 2022.	May 2022	We found that riverine NO3- concentration, yield, δ15N and δ18O patterns were best defined by two river groupings associated with the two regional mountain ranges (Cascade vs. Olympic<br>mountains), and that hydrologic and climate variables best explained variation in NO3- concentration and yield. These results highlight that while regional-scale climate controls N delivery, finer-scale features at the watershed level play a distinct role in driving N sources.
Elfes, C.T., M.M. Krahn, D. Boyd, J. Calambokidis, P.J. Clapham, C.E. Grue, M. Moore, R.W. Pearce, J. Robbins, J.M. Straley, P.R. Wade, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Geographic variation of contaminant levels in humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) feeding areas of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Seventeenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Cape Town, South Africa.	November 2007
Effects of aqueous exposures of 4-nonylphenol on smoltification of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Regional Workshop on Invasive Spartina: Management & Science	May 2002
Duffy, E.J., and D.A. Beauchamp. 2006. Effects of distribution and trophic interactions on the potential for growth of juvenile Chinook salmon in Puget Sound. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. Annual Summer meeting. Victoria, B.C., Canada. June 5, 2006.	June 2006
Duffy, E.J, D.A. Beauchamp, N.C. Overman, and R.L. Buckley. 2005. Predation by cutthroat trout on juvenile salmon in Puget Sound. American Fisheries Society Meeting. Anchorage, Alaska. September 12, 2005	September 2005
DuVall AJ, J Adams, DM Mazurkiewicz, and SJ Converse. 2023. Effect of oceanographic variability on demography of Cassin’s Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) in the California Channel Islands. Pacific Seabird Conference, La Jolla, California, USA; 15-17 February 2023.	February 2023	The Cassin’s Auklet is sensitive to changes in the marine environment, which can affect foraging conditions and in turn affect auklet demography. We investigated population trends of auklets at two colonies in the California Channel Islands subject to contrasting oceanographic influence to better understand the ecology of this species and support its conservation.
DuVall AJ, J Adams, DM Mazurkiewicz, and SJ Converse. 2022. Effect of oceanographic variability on demography of a planktivorous seabird in a dynamic upwelling system. The Wildlife Society Conference. 6-10 November.	November 2022	The Cassin's Auklet (<i>Ptychoramphus aleuticus</i>) is sensitive to changes in the marine environment, which can affect foraging conditions and in turn affect auklet productivity and survival. We investigated population trends of auklets at two colony locations in the California Channel Islands subject to contrasting oceanographic influences, and our results underscore the utility of tracking auklet responses to marine climate change and anthropogenically changing seascapes off southern Califo
DuVall AJ, J Adams, DM Mazurkiewicz, and SJ Converse. 2022. Effect of oceanographic variability on demography of Cassin's Auklet in the California Channel Islands. Pacific Seabird Group Conference, Online. 23-25 February.	February 2022	An obligate zooplanktivore, the Cassin's Auklet (<i>Ptychoramphus aleuticus</i>) is sensitive to changes in the marine environment, which can affect foraging conditions and in turn affect auklet productivity and survival. We investigated synchrony in survival of auklets at two colony locations in the California Channel Islands subject to contrasting oceanographic influences, and our results underscore the utility of tracking auklet responses to marine climate change and anthropogenically changi
DuVall AJ, J Adams, DM Mazurkiewicz, CA Carter, and SJ Converse. 2024. Differential response of nest survival to oceanographic conditions indicates localized adaptations for Cassin's Auklet (Pytochoramphus aleuticus) at the California Channel Islands. Pacific Seabird Group Annual Meeting, Seattle, USA; 20-23 February 2024.	February 2024	The Cassin’s Auklet is sensitive to changes in the marine environment, which can affect foraging conditions and in turn affect auklet demography. We investigated population trends of auklets at two colonies in the California Channel Islands subject to contrasting oceanographic influence to better understand the ecology of this species and support its conservation.
DuVall AJ, J Adams, DM Mazurkiewicz, CA Carter, and SJ Converse. 2023. Oceanographic drivers of nest survival for Cassin's Auklet at the California Channel Islands. California Islands Symposium, Ventura, California, USA; 6-10 November 2023.	November 2023	The Cassin’s Auklet is sensitive to changes in the marine environment, which can affect foraging conditions and in turn affect auklet demography. We investigated population trends of auklets at two colonies in the California Channel Islands subject to contrasting oceanographic influence to better understand the ecology of this species and support its conservation.
DuVall AJ, DM Mazurkiewicz, and SJ Converse. 2024. A framework for identifying threats and prioritizing monitoring and management to conserve seabirds in the face of uncertainty. The Wildlife Society’s 31st Annual Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 19-23 October 2024.	October 2024	Using Channel Islands National Park as a case study, we used a structured decision-making process to identify critical structural uncertainties regarding threats to seabirds and the potential of monitoring and management actions to address these threats. This framework can be used to prioritize actions to conserve seabirds globally.
DuVall AJ, DM Mazurkiewicz, and SJ Converse. 2024. A framework for identifying threats and prioritizing monitoring and management to conserve seabirds in the face of uncertainty. 7th International Albatross and Petrel Conference, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico; 20-26 May 2024.	May 2024	Using Channel Islands National Park as a case study, we used a structured decision-making process to identify critical structural uncertainties regarding threats to seabirds and the potential of monitoring and management actions to address these threats. This framework can be used to prioritize actions to conserve seabirds globally.
DuVall AJ, D Mazurkiewicz, J Adams, YB Guzman, RW Bradley, CA Carter, K Convery, AJ Dennhardt, ND Holmes, JA Howard, ME Johns, A Little, SD Ostermann-Kelm, MW Parker, D Pereksta, D Robinette, MD Romano, TS Sillett, and SJ Converse. 2025. A framework for identifying threats and prioritizing monitoring and management to conserve seabirds in the face of uncertainty. Joint Meeting of the Waterbird Society and the Pacific Seabird Group, San Jose, Costa Rica, 6-9 January 2025.	January 2025	Using Channel Islands National Park as a case study, we used a structured decision-making process to identify critical structural uncertainties regarding threats to seabirds and the potential of monitoring and management actions to address these threats. This framework can be used to prioritize actions to conserve seabirds globally.
DuVall AJ, B Gardner, and SJ Converse. 2021. Modeling changes in seabird distribution and abundance following rat eradication at Tetiaroa Atoll, French Polynesia. World Seabird Conference, Online. 4-8 October.	October 2021	<sub>We developed a linear mixed model to understand baseline seabird abundance and distribution as characterized by acoustic indices prior to the rat eradication in 2022. </sub>
DuVall AJ, B Gardner, SB Bassing, PD Boersma, V Marcy, and SJ Converse. 2020. Modeling changes in seabird distribution and abundance following rat eradication at Tetiaroa Atoll, French Polynesia. Annual Meeting of the Pacific Seabird Group, Portland, Oregon. 12-15 February.	February 2020	Introduced predators on islands are a major threat to seabirds. Here we present pre-treatment data ahead of a planned rat eradication on Tetiaroa Atoll, French Polynesia
Doran, N.C., Scheuerell, M.D. 2022. Investigating the impacts of multiple stressors on an urban aquatic ecosystem. National Diversity in STEM Conference. Society for the Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 27-29 October 2022.	October 2022	This work contributes to recovery efforts of the Lake Sammamish Kokanee which face stress from decreased dissolved oxygen and increasing temperature regimes as a result of climate change, predation by introduced piscivorous fish, and habitat degradation due to urbanization. This work is important because it fills gaps in understanding the Lake Sammamish food web dynamics and how introduced species impact Kokanee through stable isotope analysis, and more broadly provides a framework for how to c
Doran, N.C., Scheuerell, M.D. 2022. Investigating the impacts of multiple stressors in an urban aquatic ecosystem. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Spokane, WA, 21-25 August 2022.	August 2022	This work contributes to recovery efforts of the Lake Sammamish Kokanee which face stress from decreased dissolved oxygen and increasing temperature regimes as a result of climate change, predation by introduced piscivorous fish, and habitat degradation due to urbanization. This work is important because it fills gaps in understanding the Lake Sammamish food web dynamics and how introduced species impact Kokanee through stable isotope analysis, and more broadly provides a framework for how to c
Doll CF, SJ Converse, and CB Schultz. 2019. Evaluating non-target effects of herbicides on Zerene fritillary (Speyeria zerene zerene), a surrogate for Oregon silverspot (Speyeria zerene hippolyta). Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, St Louis, Missouri. 17-20 November.	November 2019	The critically threatened Oregon silverspot is threatened by invasive plants in its coastal grassland habitat. We evaluated the potential for direct effects of herbicides on larval survival and development.
DUFFY, E.J., AND BEAUCHAMP, D.A. 2011. PELAGIC FOOD WEB DYNAMICS IN PUGET SOUND: IMPLICATIONS FOR GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF CHINOOK SALMON. SALMON OCEAN ECOLOGY CONFERENCE. SEATTLE. MARCH 23, 2011.	March 2011
Curran, C.A., T.J. Black, B.J. Granger, Z.N. Guerrette, K.L. Ireland, E.A. Marchesini, R.C. Schneider, C.E. Spradlin, M.R. Sternberg, J.M. Grassley, J.L. Cabarrus, W.W. Major III and C.E. Grue. 2004. Brain cholinesterase inhibition in juvenile rainbow trout exposed to carbaryl - benchmark concentrations for active ingredient vs formulated products. 7th Annual Undergraduate Research Symposium, 14 May 2004, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Presented by Z. Guerrette and B. Granger.	May 2004
Curran, C.A., T.J. Black, B.J. Granger, Z.N. Guerrette, K.L. Ireland, E.A. Marchesini, R.C. Schneider, C.E. Spradlin, M.R. Sternberg, J.M. Grassley, J.L. Cabarrus, W.W. Major III and C.E. Grue. 2004. Brain cholinesterase inhibition in juvenile rainbow trout exposed to carbaryl - benchmark concentrations for active ingredient vs formulated products. 13th Annual Meeting Pacific Northwest Chapter, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15-17 April 2004, Port Townsend, WA. Presented by Z. Guerrette.	April 2004
Curran, C.A., J.M. Grassley and C.E. Grue. 2003. Toxicity of R-11(R) surfactant to juvenile rainbow trout: Does size matter? 12th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Northwest Chapter, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, April 17-19, 2003. Port Townsend, WA. Presented by C. Curran.	April 2003
Curran, C.A., J.M. Grassley and C.E. Grue. 2003. Avoidance of herbicide tank mixes by juvenile salmonids. 6th Annual University of Washington Undergraduate Research Symposium, May 16, 2003. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Presented by C. Curran	May 2003
Curran, C., D. Boehm, K. Grange, S. McAvinchey, D. Sowle, K. Genther, R. Higley, A. Schaaf, C. Sykes, K. King, B. Smith, J. Grassley and C. Grue. 2004. Toxicity of Rodeo(R) and Arsenal(R) Tank Mixes to Juvenile Rainbow Trout. 13th Annual Meeting Pacific Northwest Chapter, Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15-17 April 2004, Port Townsend, WA. Poster presented by C. Curran.	April 2004
Curran, C., D. Boehm, K. Grange, S. McAvinchey, D. Sowle, K. Genther, R. Higley, A. Schaaf, C. Sykes, K. King, B. Smith, J. Grassley and C. Grue. 2004. Toxicity of Rodeo (R) and Arsenal(R) Tank Mixes to Juvenile Rainbow Trout. Joint Unit and Washington Department of Fish and Widlife Seminar Series, 16 January 2004, Olympia, WA. Presented by C. Grue and C. Curran.	January 2004
Cummings JW, SJ Converse, DR Smith, S Morey, and MC Runge. 2017. We have been talking past each other: an analysis of decision framings for endangered species classification. The Wildlife Society Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 23-27 September.	September 2017	This presentation covers an in-revision manuscript on the topic. The concept of the paper is that decision framing relevant to endangered species decisions impacts how and what science information is needed to inform these decisions, and that lack of clarity in framing may cause confusion in these decision processes.
Crosson, L.M., S. Roberts, G.R. VanBlaricom, and C.S. Friedman. 2012. A transcriptomic approach in search of disease resistance in endangered black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii). 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Seattle, Washington, USA.	March 2012
Crosson, L., N.A. Wight, S.B. Roberts, G.R. VanBlaricom, and C.S. Friedman. Influence of rickettsial pathogens on black abalone Haliotis cracherodii: differential susceptibility and host response. Aquaculture 2010 -Triennial Meeting of the National Shellfisheries Association, World Aquaculture Society, and Fish Culture Section of the American Fisheries Society. San Diego, California, USA.	March 2010
Cross, Alison D., D.A. Beauchamp. Modeling temporal consumption demand and food supply of juvenile pink salmon in Prince William Sound and the coastal Gulf of Alaska. American Geophysical Union, NSF-GLOBEC Scientific Investigators' Meeting. January 27-Feb 1, 2004. Portland, OR.	January 2004
Cross, A.D. and D.A. Beauchamp. 2004. Modeling temporal growth perfomance, consumption, and food supply of juvenile pink salmon in Prince William Sound and the Coastal Gulf of Alaska. American Geophysical Union annual meeting. Portland, Oregon. January 27, 2004.	January 2004
Converse SJ. 2024. Advancing decision-inspired science to inform seabird conservation. Pacific Seabird Group Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, USA. 20-23 February.	February 2024	Seabirds are one of the most highly imperiled groups of birds. Despite this, a disproportionate amount of seabird research focuses on the role of seabirds as ecosystem indicators. Science is needed to advance conservation of the birds themselves. I will demonstrate how a decision-analytic framing can help to ensure that the science we do is maximally relevant to decision makers, and has the greatest potential to effect positive conservation outcomes for seabirds.
Converse SJ. 2022. Thinking like a decision analyst: how to make your science most useful to managers of conservation translocations. The Wildlife Society Conference, Spokane, Washington, USA. 6-10 November.	November 2022	As part of a symposium focused on reintroduction biology, I will present an overview of the importance of decision analysis to conservation translocations.
Converse SJ. 2018. Reintroductions and uncertainty: avoiding paralysis. 2nd International Wildlife Reintroduction Conference. Chicago, Illinois, 14-16 November, 2018.	November 2018	This is an invited keynote address for the International Wildlife Management Conference. Use of decision analysis to help with difficult reintroduction decisions will be discussed.
Converse SJ, NJ Hostetter, WA Link, SM Amburgey, and AA Yackel Adams. 2020. Decision analysis for early detection and rapid response: modeling to advance identification of optimal management. World Congress of Herpetology, Dunedin, New Zealand. 5-10 January.	January 2020	Early detection and rapid response (EDRR) is the most cost effective approach to managing invasive species. We will present a decision-analytic framing of EDRR using work on eradication of veiled chameleons from Maui as an example.
Converse SJ, NJ Hostetter, SM Amburgey, AE Bratt, AJ DuVall, BK Thompson, LS Petracca, HA Sipe, MH Sorel, AJ Warlick, and M Kadin. 2022. Synchrony in seabird survival: drivers at multiple spatial scales. Pacific Seabird Group Conference, Online. 23-25 February.	February 2022	Synchrony in the demographic rates of spatially structured populations has important implications for population viability, while reflecting the scale at which environmental conditions shape populations. We investigated synchrony in survival in the Common Murre (Uria aalge) in the Baltic Sea, and our results indicate the Murre populations appear to be responding to large-scale forces shaping conditions in the Baltic, which has implications for long-term trajectories for this population.
Converse SJ, CS Teitelbaum, P Mendgen, AT Pearse, B Abrahms, and T Mueller. 2018. Culture shapes movements in a reintroduced migratory bird. Reintroducing Migratory Birds - Symposium. Chicago, Illinois. 17 November.	November 2018	This invited presentation will review several projects we have undertaken focused on understanding the role of individual learning and social learning (i.e., culture) on reintroduced migratory Whooping Cranes. The body of research suggests that social transmission of knowledge is a dominant force in shaping migratory patterns in this species.
Converse SJ and WC Funk. 2019. Focusing on values: decision analysis as a conceptual framework for integration of genetic and demographic considerations in conservation translocations. American Fisheries Society & The Wildlife Society Joint Conference, Reno, Nevada. 29 September - 3 October.	September 2019	Both demographic and genetic considerations are typically in play in conservation translocations. Understanding, and focusing on, the management objectives to which these considerations are relevant is key to understanding the predictive tasks that are required to support science-based decisions.
Converse SJ and M Schaub. 2017. Making it count: advancing Integrated Population Modeling for decision-making. EURING Analytical Meeting and Workshop, Barcelona, Spain, 2-7 July.	July 2017	This abstract is for an invited plenary presentation at the EURING technical meetings. Integrated Population Models have been a big focus of quantitative population ecologists in terms of technical development; our goal is to advance their use in management and decision-making.
Clement MJ, SJ Converse, and JA Royle. 2018. Accounting for imperfect detection of groups and individuals when estimating abundance. Annual Meeting of the Arizona Chapter of The Wildlife Society, Flagstaff AZ, 1-3 February.	February 2018	This presentation will cover a published paper on using a model that combines distance sampling, double-observer, and repeat count data to estimate abundance of animals that form groups. This method is applicable to a wide variety of species.
Clement MJ, SJ Converse, and JA Royle. 2017. Accounting for imperfect detection of groups and individuals when estimating abundance. Biennial Conference of Science and Management on the Colorado Plateau and Southwest Region, Flagstaff Arizona. 11-14 September.	September 2017	This is a presentation of work that is currently in revision for publication in a journal. The work involves development of a model to accommodate uncertain group size in double observer distance sampling data.
Chambon J, JH Fischer, G Taylor, D Boyle, P Seddon, and SJ Converse. 2024. Survival modelling of the critically endangered Chatham Island tāiko. NZ Bird Conference, Nelson, New Zealand; 1-3 June.	June 2024	The Chatham Island tāiko is one of the world's rarest seabirds and has been intensively monitored since its rediscovering in 1978. We develop a multi-state model for estimation of survival in this species; this model is the first part of an integrated population model that we will develop to explore the demography of this endangered bird.
Chambers, M.D., C.S. Friedman, L. Hauser, and G.R. VanBlaricom. The effects of larval dispersal on genetic structure of black abalones (Haliotis cracherodii). 17th Annual Meeting, Society for Conservation Biology. Duluth, Minnesota, USA	June 2003	To be added.
Chambers, M.D., C.S. Friedman, L. Hauser, and G.R. VanBlaricom. The effects of larval dispersal on genetic structure of black abalones (Haliotis cracherodii). 17th Annual Meeting, Society for Conservation Biology. Duluth, Minnesota, USA	June 2003	To be added
Chambers, M.D., C.S. Friedman, L. Hauser and G.R. VanBlaricom. Populaton structure and recovery dynamics of black abalones (Haliotis cracherodii) at San Nicolas Island, California. Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Newport, Oregon, USA	September 2002	To be added.
Chambers, M.D., C. Friedman, L. Hauser, and G.R. VanBlaricom. The effects of larval dispersal on genetic structure of black abalones (Haliotis cracherodii). Annual Meeting, California Cooperative Oceanic Fishery Investigations. Pacific Grove, California, USA.	November 2003	To be added.
Chambers, M., C. Friedman, L. Hauser, F. Utter, and G. VanBlaricom. Larval dispersal and retention at San Nicolas Island simulated by a drift card study. Sixth California Islands Symposium. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Ventura, California, USA.	December 2003	To be added.
Cassidy, K.M., and C.E. Grue. Mar 2000, The role of Department of Defense (DoD) lands in the protection of biodiversity in Washington State, Annual Meeting National Miltitary Fish and Wildlife Association, 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, Chicago, Illinois (poster presentation).	March 2000
Cassidy, K.M. and C.E. Grue. 2003. Planning for biodiversity in Washington State counties: Statewide perspectives and specific county recommendations. 13th Annual GAP Analysis Program Meeting, 6-9 October 2003, Fort Collins, CO. Presented by K.M. Cassidy	October 2003
Cassidy, K. and C. Grue. 2004. Conserving biodiversity on private lands: Bottom-up vs top-down. Wildlife Science Seminar, College of Forest Resources, 24 May 2004, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Presented by K. Cassidy.	May 2004
Carter, S.K., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Effects of sea otter predation and commercial red urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) harvest on nearshore ecosystems in northern Washington. Sixth Joint U.S.-Russia Sea Otter Workshop. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Russia Academy of Sciences. Forks, Washington, USA.	November 1997
Carter, S.K., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Comparison of effects of sea otter predation and commercial urchin harvest on nearshore benthic communities in northern Washington. World Marine Mammal Science Conference. Society for Marine Mammalogy and European Cetacean Society. Monte Carlo, Monaco.	January 1998
Carter, S.K., and G.R. VanBlaricom. Comparison of effects of sea otter predation and commercial urchin harvest on nearshore benthic communities in northern Washington. Annual General Meeting, North Pacific International Chapter, American Fisheries Society. Union, Washington, USA.	April 1998
Cannon, Clare, Alex McInturff, Peter Alagona, David Pellow. "A Critical POET Model: Linking Critical Environmental Justice and Human Ecology to Understand Shared Logics of Oppression.” Society for the Study of Social Problems Annual Meeting. 2023	August 2023	Drawing on Critical EJ theory, we show how logics of oppression, when mobilized as political power, can inflict injustices on marginalized peoples and species. We adapt the POET (population, organization, environment, technology) model from Human Ecology to develop a new theoretical framework for understanding specific outcomes from such logics.
Callahan, Megan, Melia DeVivo, Brian Kertson, Donny Martorello, Hunter Westacott, and Alex McInturff. "An emerging threat: understanding human dimensions of chronic wasting disease to facilitate education and management actions." North American Congress in Conservation Biology. Vancouver, Canada, 2024.	June 2024	Chronic Wasting Disease is a growing threat to North American ungulate populations, and human dimensions research is urgently needed to improve management efficacy. We present results of a survey designed to inform management, outreach, and education in Washington.
Callahan MM, and A McInturff. 2023. Chronic Wasting Disease: The Calm Before the Storm. Pathways Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; 31 May-3 June 2023	May 2023	Given the significant threat chronic wasting disease (CWD) represents to a number of species, it is necessary to examine not only the biological and ecological methods for addressing CWD, but the human dimensions as well. We examine stakeholder knowledge, perceptions, and concerns in Washington State in order to help inform responses, education, and outreach in regards to CWD.
Callahan MM, M Devivo, and A McInturff. 2023. Human Dimensions of Chronic Wasting Disease: The Calm Before the Storm. 4th International CWD Symposium, Denver, Colorado, USA; 31 May-2 June 2023	May 2023	Given the significant threat chronic wasting disease (CWD) represents to a number of species, it is necessary to examine not only the biological and ecological methods for addressing CWD, but the human dimensions as well. We examine stakeholder knowledge, perceptions, and concerns in Washington State in order to help inform responses, education, and outreach in regards to CWD.
C.E. Wangen, J. West, S. O'Neill, M. Langness, L. Harding, M.D. Scheuerell. 2022. Spatio-Temporal Patterns in the Concentration of Toxics Within Puget Sound Mussels. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, Spokane, WA, 21-25 August 2022.	August 2022	The Puget Sound Partnership has guidelines for ecosystem health the Puget Sound, with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife sampling indicator species for toxics levels. We perform an analysis on previous data, and consider what changes to sampling methodology could improve prediction and forecasting power.
Butts, A., and D. A. Beauchamp. Feb 2000. Effects of whirling disease on kokanee in Porcupine Reservoir, UT. Whirling Disease Symposium, Coeur d'Alene, ID.	February 2000
Burkanov, V., V. Gaydukov, A.M. Burdin, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Illegal take of sea otters in Russian waters. Tenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Galveston, Texas, USA	November 1993
Bratt AE, Oppel S, Converse SJ, Yates O, Horswill C, Bond AL, Cuthbert R, Cooper J, Ryan PG. 2022. Quantifying the effect of bycatch mitigation efforts on the population dynamics of a long-lived seabird. International Statistical Ecology Conference, Online. 27 June - 1 July.	June 2022	To date, no analyses have demonstrated whether current levels of bycatch mitigation efforts have translated into population-level benefits for seabirds. Our proposed model provides an important framework that has applications for assessing the population-level impacts of bycatch mitigation efforts on seabird populations worldwide.
Bratt AE, NJ Hostetter, and SJ Converse. 2021. Estimating survival while accounting for partial mark loss in capture-mark-resight surveys. EURING 2021 Analytical Meeting & Workshop, Quebec City, PQ, Canada, 31 May - 11 June 2021.	May 2021	Capture-mark-resight methods are an effective way to estimate survival, though partial mark loss poses problems for estimation if individuals are not uniquely identifiable. We introduce a novel hierarchical model that integrates information about individual activity centers to resolve individual identity in species that exhibit partial band loss.
Bratt AE, GL Slater, SF Pearson, HA Sipe, SJ Converse. 2022. Estimating the effects of climate on the population dynamics of an early successional songbird with integrated population models. The Wildlife Society Conference. 6 - 10 Nov.	November 2022	To evaluate the impact of climate on an early successional songbird, we fit an integrated population model (IPM) to over 10 seasons of Streaked Horned Lark (<i>Eremophila alpestris strigata;</i> SHLA) data from western Washington State. Results from this work will inform ongoing habitat management, as well as a planned reintroduction of SHLA to unoccupied sites in western Washington.
Bratt AE, C Cappello, AJ DuVall, HA Sipe, AJ Warlick, B Gardner, and SJ Converse. 2022. Figuring out what counts: evaluating the effect of data quantity and quality on the performance of integrated population models . International Statistical and Ecology Conference, Online. 27 June - 1 July.	June 2022	We employed a simulation analysis to evaluate the ability of an Integrated Population Model (IPM) to return accurate demographic rates and detect abundance trends in a hypothetical passerine bird species under various sampling scenarios and demographic parameter values. We identified scenarios where IPMs may not lead to improved precision or reduced bias, providing useful insights into the effects of data quality on our ability to produce accurate parameter estimates.
Bratt AE, C Cappello, AJ DuVall, HA Sipe, AJ Warlick, B Gardner, and SJ Converse. 2021. The effects of data availability on integrated population model performance. EURING Analytical Meeting and Workshop, Online. 31 May - 11 June.	May 2021	We employed a simulation analysis to evaluate the ability of an Integrated Population Model (IPM) to return accurate demographic rates and detect abundance trends in a hypothetical passerine bird species under various sampling scenarios and demographic parameter values. We identified scenarios where IPMs may not lead to improved precision or reduced bias, providing useful insights into the effects of data quality on our ability to produce accurate parameter estimates.
Bradford, A.L., P.R. Wade, D.W. Weller, A.M. Burdin, G.R. VanBlaricom, and R.L. Brownell, Jr. Population Assessment of western North Pacific Gray Whales (Eschrichtius robustus). 2004 Annual Meeting, American Society of Mammalogists. Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA.	June 2004
Bradford, A.L., P.R. Wade, D.W. Weller, A.M. Burdin, G.R. VanBlaricom, and R.L. Brownell Jr. Current population growth rate and twentieth century population dynamics of western gray whales. Fifteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.	December 2003
Bradford, A.L., D.W. Weller, A.M. Burdin, Y.V. Ivaschenko, G.R. VanBlaricom, and R.L. Brownell, Jr. Density-independent factors affecting western gray whale population dynamics. Seventeenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Cape Town, South Africa.	December 2007
Bradford, A.L., A.M. Burdin, P.R. Wade, Y.V. Ivashchenko, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom and D.W. Weller. Survival estimates of western North Pacific gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus). Twenty-third Annual Pacific Ecology Conference. Port Townsend, Washington, USA.	February 2002
Bradford, A.L., A.M. Burdin, P.R. Wade, Y.V. Ivashchenko, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom and D.W. Weller. Survival estimates of western North Pacific gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus). Fourteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada	December 2001
Bradford, A.L., A.M. Burdin, P.R. Wade, Y.V. Ivashchenko, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom and D.W. Weller. Survival estimates of western North Pacific gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus). Fifty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Scientific Committee, International Whaling Commission. Shimonoseki, Japan.	April 2002
Bradford, A.L., D.W. Weller, M.G. Logsdon, A.M. Burdin, G.R. VanBlaricom, and R.L. Brownell, Jr. Space use patterns of western gray whales on their primary feeding ground. 18th Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy Québec City, Québec, Canada.	October 2009
Boyd C, G Himes Boor, SJ Converse, E Jacobson, T McGuire, M Migura, AE Punt, L Quakenbush, and P Wade. 2018. Research strategy analysis for Cook Inlet beluga whales. Alaska Marine Science Symposium, Anchorage, AK, 22-26 January 2018.	January 2018	This poster will describe a planned analysis to determine expected learning about priority research items for Cook Inlet beluga whales. The work will be based around a decision-analytic approach to determining research strategies.
Blaud, B.M., and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2012. Experimental estimation of minimal proximity for successful fertilization in spawning male-female pairs of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) based on dispersal of surrogate gamete-sized particles. 8th International Abalone Symposium. Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.	May 2012
Blaud, B.M., G.R. VanBlaricom, and M.J. Neuman. 2012. Significant wave height, tidal level, and distance between neighboring individuals of opposite sex affect probability for fertilization in spawning black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814). 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association. Seattle, Washington, USA.	March 2012
Blaud, B.M., G.R. VanBlaricom, and M.J. Neuman. 2012. Experimental estimation of minimal required proximity for successful fertilization in spawning male-female pairs of the endangered black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814) based on dispersal of surrogate gamete-sized particles. 8th California Islands Symposium. Ventura, California, USA.	October 2012
Blaud, B.M. G.R. VanBlaricom, and M.J. Neuman. 2012. Experimental estimation of minimal proximity for successful fertilization in spawning male-female pairs of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii leach, 1814) based on dispersal of surrogate gamete-sized particles. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Annual Cooperators Meeting, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 27 September 2012. Contributed spoken presentation by Blaud.	September 2012
Blaud, B.M. G.R. VanBlaricom, and M.J. Neuman. 2012. Experimental estimation of minimal proximity for successful fertilization in spawning male-female pairs of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii leach, 1814) based on dispersal of surrogate gamete-sized particles. 66th Annual Joint Meeting, Pacific Coast Section, National Shellfisheries Association, and Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. Tulalip, Washington, USA. 26 September 2012. Contributed spoken presentation by Blaud. IP-039526.	September 2012
Beauchamp, D.A., and M.M. Mazur. 2007. Visual asymmetries and the temporal-spatial structure of pelagic piscivore-planktivore systems. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA. September 6, 2007.	September 2007
Beauchamp, D.A., E. J. Duffy, and N. C. Overman. 2005. Synthesis of distribution, feeding, and predation on juvenile salmon in Puget Sound. Hatchery Scientific Review Group. February 2005.	February 2005
Beauchamp, D.A., E. J. Duffy, and N. C. Overman. 2004. Nearshore-Offshore distribution and predation on juvenile salmon in Puget Sound. Hatchery Scientific Review Group. Seattle, WA. February 9, 2004.	February 2004
Beauchamp, D.A., A.G. Hansen, and E.R. Schoen. 2011. Developing Visual Foraging Models as a Framework for Predicting Predation Risk, Foraging Success, and Distribution in Pelagic Communities American Fisheries Society 141st Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA. September 8, 2011. Invited speaker	September 2011
Beauchamp, D.A., A.D. Cross, and J.H. Moss. 2006. Inter-annual patterns in stage-specific feeding, growth, and survival of juvenile pink salmon in the Gulf of Alaska. North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission, 2nd International Workshop on Factors Affecting Production of Juvenile Salmon: Survival Strategy of Asian and North American Juvenile Salmon in the Ocean. Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. April 26-27, 2006	April 2006
Beauchamp, D.A., A.D. Cross, and J.H. Moss. 2006. Inter-annual patterns in stage-specific feeding, growth, and survival of juvenile pink salmon in the Gulf of Alaska. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. Annual Summer meeting. Victoria, B.C., Canada. June 5, 2006.	June 2006
Beauchamp, D.A., 2008. Tools for quantifying lake and marine food web dynamics. IV Congresso Argentino de Limnologia. Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. October 30, 2008. Invited Plenary Speaker.	October 2008
Beauchamp, D.A. and M. Koehler. 2004. Modeling consumption and growth performance of juvenile chinook salmon in Lake Washington. Lake Washington Basin Chinook Salmon Workshop. Seattle, WA. February 2, 2004.	February 2004
Beauchamp, D.A. and E.J. Duffy. 2010. Pelagic Food Web Dynamics in Puget Sound: Implications for Chinook salmon. South Sound Science Symposium.	October 2010
Beauchamp, D.A. 2015. Bioenergetic Responses of Coldwater Fishes to Thermal Regimes and Productivity in Western Lakes and Reservoirs: Opportunities and Constraints for Conservation	August 2015	Greater understanding of how climatic variation and water management affects the timing, magnitude, and duration of thermal stratification, and how key species and their supporting aquatic resources respond can improve projections of and strategies for managing aquatic resources under future climatic conditions. This knowledge can also inform future development and operation of water storage facilities within the context of localized environmental and ecological constraints.
Beauchamp, D.A. 2012. Interplay of growth and size-selective mortality during critical life stages of salmon and steelhead: The importance of connectivity among life stages. Fish Without Borders Workshop, Idaho Chapter, American Fisheries Society. Coeur d’Alene, ID. March 6, 2012.	March 2012
Beauchamp, D.A. 2011. Marine Survival of Salmon and Steelhead in Puget Sound. Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference. Vancouver, BC, Canada. October 27, 2011.	October 2011
Beauchamp, D.A. 2011. Bioenergetic evaluations of factors affecting growth and survival of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River Basin. American Fisheries Society 141st Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA. September 6, 2011. Invited speaker	September 2011
Beauchamp, D.A. 2007. Inter-annual variation in feeding, growth, distribution and survival of pink salmon in the coastal Gulf of Alaska. National Science Foundation-GLOBEC Northeast Pacific Scientific Investigators? meeting September 24-25, 2007. Seattle, WA.	September 2007
Beauchamp, D.A. 2007. Connecting critical life stages: Quantifying stage-specific growth and survival of salmon around the Pacific Rim. National Science Foundation-GLOBEC Pan-regional Synthesis Workshop September 25-28, 2007. Seattle, WA.	September 2007
Beauchamp, D.A. 2006. Modeling food web dynamics in Flathead Lake: Impacts of non-native species. Flathead Lake managers and stakeholders workshop. Flathead lake Biological Station, University of Montana. Polson, MT. March 3, 2006.	March 2006
Beauchamp, D. A., C. Sergeant, M. M. Mazur, D. E. Schindler, J. Anson, K. L. Fresh. 2004. Spatial-Temporal dynamics of winter feeding demand and food supply of sockeye fry in Lake Washington. Western Division American Fisheries Society. Salt Lake City. March 2, 2004.	March 2004
Beauchamp, D. A., C. Sergeant, M. M. Mazur, D. E. Schindler, J. Anson, K. L. Fresh. 2004. Spatial-Temporal dynamics of winter feeding demand and food supply of sockeye fry in Lake Washington. American Fisheries Society. Madison, Wisconsin. August 2004.	August 2004
Beauchamp, D. A. Visual foraging models: Linking individual behavior to structure and function of pelagic piscivore-planktivore communities. Monster Jam Seminar Series. National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Seattle, WA. April 11, 2002. (Invited speaker).	April 2002
Beauchamp, D. A. Mar 2000. Effects of whiriling disease on Kokanee. International Kokanee Workshop. Spokane, WA	March 2000
Beauchamp, D. A. Linking individual behavior to the structure and function of pelagic piscivore-planktivore systems with visual foraging models. American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting. Anchorage, Alaska. September 11-15, 2005.	September 2005
Beauchamp, D. A. Food limitations: small scale effects. Lake Washington Symposium. National Marine Fisheries Service. December 2002. Seattle, WA.	December 2002
Beauchamp, D. A. Bioenergetic responses of Pacific salmon to climate and ecosystem variation. International Symposium on The Status of Pacific salmon and Their Role in North Pacific Marine Ecosystems. North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) and the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES). Jeju-do, Republic of Korea. October 30-November 1, 2005.	November 2005
Beauchamp, D. A. 2015. Size-selective mortality, critical growth periods, bioenergetics, and marine survival of salmon. Jornadas Nacionales Ciencias del Mar. Ushuaia, Argentina	September 2015	Identifying critical periods of growth or survival and the underlying mechanisms provides a valuable conceptual framework for evaluating bioenergetics consequences of alternative life history strategies and recruitment success of diadromous fishes. Pacific salmon are used as an example of this approach.
Bagnall K, GL Slater, HA Sipe, AE Bratt, and SJ Converse. 2022. Reintroduction of the federally threatened streaked horned lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata): developing effective release techniques and an implementation strategy. Cascadia Prairie Oak Partnership Conference, Vancouver, WA; 7-10 November.	November 2022	Federally threatened streaked horned larks are unlikely to meet recovery criteria without active management to establish new populations, due to low dispersal in their fragmented prairie habitat. We describe an experimental and decision-analytic process to design a reintroduction strategy for this species in Washington
Applying bioenergetics models to management and research of chum salmon. Alaska Regional Chum Salmon Workshop. November 20-21, 2003. Juneau, Alaska, Invited plenary speaker.	November 2003
Annanie, A.A., B.L. Bradshaw, J.M. Caisman, A.J. Clark, L.R. Hay, M.J. Kyle, Y.Y. Lin, A.D. Thomas, A.M. Tonus-Ellis, A.S. Wang, J.A. Frew, J.M. Grassley, and C.E. Grue. 2012. Behavior of ghost shrimp (Neotrypaea californiensis) following exposure to imidacloprid in the laboratory: Implications for the control of burrowing shrimp on oyster beds in Willapa Bay, Washington. 16th Annual Undergraduate Research Symposium, 18 May, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.	May 2012
Angiel, N.M., D.P. DeMaster, and G.R. VanBlaricom. The vocal repertoire of the beluga whale in Bristol Bay, Alaska. World Marine Mammal Science Conference, Society for Marine Mammalogy and European Cetacean Society. Monte Carlo, Monaco.	January 1998
Angiel, N.M., D.P. DeMaster, and G.R. VanBlaricom. The vocal repertoire of the beluga whale in Bristol Bay, Alaska. Annual Meeting. Acoustical Society of America. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA	December 1996
Angiel, N.M., D.P. DeMaster, and G.R. VanBlaricom. Geographic variation in Alaskan beluga whale populations: Comparing vocalizations from Cook Inlet and Bristol Bay. Eleventh Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. Orlando, Florida, USA.	December 1995
Amburgey SM, AA Yackel-Adams, B Gardner, and SJ Converse. 2020. Camera traps for early detection and rapid response and management of an invasive reptile. World Congress of Herpetology, Dunedin, New Zealand. 5-10 January.	January 2020	Camera traps have seen increasing application in wildlife monitoring. We discuss the use of camera traps for monitoring invasive reptiles, and the particular challenges involved in using camera technology for this taxon.
Amburgey SM, AA Yackel Adams, SR Siers, B Gardner, SJ Converse. 2022. Optimizing monitoring of invasive brown treesnakes. Joint Meeting of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Spokane, WA, USA.	July 2022	Monitoring invasive species to learn about their populations is key to making effective management decisions, but sampling efforts are oftentimes limited by the cost of implementing such monitoring. We simulated various candidate monitoring scenarios for invasive brown treesnakes in order to identify a suite of Pareto-efficient scenarios managers may choose from to accurately estimate brown treesnake snake abundance while minimizing cost in areas targeted for suppression.
Amburgey SM, AA Yackel Adams, SR Siers, B Gardner, SJ Converse. 2022. Optimization of effective invasive species monitoring decisions. The Wildlife Society. Spokane, WA, USA.	November 2022	Monitoring invasive species to learn about their populations is key to making effective management decisions, but sampling efforts are oftentimes limited by the cost of implementing such monitoring. We simulated various candidate monitoring scenarios for invasive brown treesnakes in order to identify a suite of Pareto-efficient scenarios managers may choose from to accurately estimate brown treesnake snake abundance while minimizing cost in areas targeted for suppression.
Amburgey SM, AA Yackel Adams, B Gardner, and SJ Converse. 2019. Assessing the use of camera trapping for estimation of abundance of invasive brown treesnakes on Guam. Brown Treesnake Technical Working Group Meeting, Garapan, Saipan. 20-21 November.	November 2019	We use camera trapping data on invasive brown treesnakes to estimate abundance where animal identity is unknown (i.e., unmarked). We assess the feasibility of using cameras and several unmarked models to obtain precise abundance estimates.
Amburgey SM, AA Yackel Adams, B Gardner, and SJ Converse. 2019. Assessing spatial capture-recapture models for unmarked individuals when estimating density of invasive brown treesnakes on Guam. American Fisheries Society & The Wildlife Society Joint Conference, Reno, Nevada. 29 September - 3 October.	September 2019	Cost effective monitoring is a key task in the control of invasive species like brown treesnakes. We evaluated the feasibility of multiple statistical models for evaluating density from unmarked data gathered in camera traps.
Amburgey SM, AA Yackel Adams, B Gardner, NJ Hostetter, BT McClintock, S Siers, and SJ Converse. 2020. The challenges of using camera trapping for abundance estimation of invasive herpetofauna. Brown Treesnake Technical Working Group, Online. 9 Nov - 19 Nov.	November 2020	This works summarizes simulation work we did to assess if the abundance of brown treesnakes can be estimated accurately, precisely, and without bias if non-consumptive lures are used to obtain observations of brown treesnakes (BTS) on camera traps. We found that regardless of camera density on the landscape, lure attraction resulted in poorly estimated BTS abundances; however, even when no lure was used, abundance estimates were still inaccurate, imprecise, and biased. Additional monitoring met
Amburgey SM, AA Yackel Adams, B Gardner, N Hostetter, BT McClintock, S Siers, and SJ Converse. 2020. The challenges of using camera trapping for abundance estimation of invasive herpetofauna. The Wildlife Society Annual Conference, Online. 27 Sept - 1 Oct.	September 2020	We simulated snake movement to better understand the way lure-attraction and camera trap density can influence abundance estimates of brown treesnakes. We found that with the highest lure-attraction and lowest number of cameras, density estimates were highly biased and imprecise under all models.
Amburgey SM, AA Yackel Adams, B Gardner, B Lardner, AJ Knox, and SJ Converse. 2021. An evaluation of tools for increasing brown treesnake detection probabilities to enhance early detection and rapid response. Marianas Terrestrial Conservation Conference. Virtual.	June 2021	Early detection and rapid response (EDRR) to the introduction or spread of an invasive species is key to the prevention of establishment or success of eradication. We evaluate two methods (the use of mouse lures and spray scent) for increasing the detection probability of invasive brown treesnakes during visual surveys as a potential tool for EDRR. We found that use of mouse lures can increase detection of brown treesnakes while spray scent actually lowers detection probability.
Amburgey SA, AA Yackel Adams, SR Siers, B Gardner, and SJ Converse. 2022. Optimizing monitoring of invasive brown treesnakes. Brown Treesnake Technical Working Group Annual Meeting, Guam; 14-18 November.	November 2022	Monitoring invasive species can be both critical for management and quite expensive. We describe a process for optimizing monitoring and apply it to brown treesnakes in Guam.
Alves, L.C.P.S., Zerbini, A.N., A. Andriolo, P.C. Simões-Lopes, S. Moreira, J.L. Pizzorno, Y.G. Maia, M.P. Heide-Jørgensen, G.R. VanBlaricom, and D.P. DeMaster. Identification of a summering ground of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Sixteenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Society for Marine Mammalogy. San Diego, California, USA.	December 2005
Alvarez-Flores, C.M., G.R. VanBlaricom, and D.P. DeMaster. An assessment of the status of the northeastern stock of spotted dolphins, Stenella attenuata, in the Pacific Ocean, and the effect of a potential unrecorded mortality. 28th International Meeting on the Study of Marine Mammals, Mexican Society for Marine Mammalogy, Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico.	May 2003
Abrahms B, C Teitelbaum, T Mueller, and SJ Converse. 2021. Learning enables successful resource tracking in long-distance migration. International Bio-logging Symposium, Honolulu, Hawaii; 11-16 October.	October 2021	Resource tracking is an increasingly recognized phenomenon whereby animals can maximize resource gain by timing movements in response to phenological variation. Here, we document how learning influences successful resource tracking in migratory whooping cranes.

Theses and Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations	Publication Date
Zerbini, Alexandre N. 2006. Improving precision in multiple covariate distance sampling: A case study with whales in Alaska. Doctoral dissertation. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	August 2006
Yahnke, A.E. 2011. Amphibian reproduction and water quality in stormwater ponds. MS Thesis, Wildlife Science Program, School of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 168 pp	June 2011
Warlick, Amanda J. 2022. Understanding the effects of environmental variability on demography in species with complex life histories through integrated population modeling. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.	June 2022
Wang, Susan. 2005. Groundfish habitat associations from video survey with a submersible off the Washington state coast. Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle Washington USA.	November 2005
Veggerby, Karl B. 2023. Shellfish aquaculture farms as foraging habitat for nearshore fishes and crabs in Puget Sound. Masters Thesis. University of Washington.	August 2023
Triggs, L. 2013. Establishing endocrine and behavioral parameters of reproduction of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	June 2013
Thompson, J.N. 2013. Influence of early life growth and precipitation zone on survival to adulthood in wild Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Skagit River basin, WA. MS Thesis. University of Washington. Seattle. 91 pages.	September 2013
Thompson, Brielle K. 2024. Quantitative modeling tools for invasive species management decisions. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.	June 2024
Suydam, Robert S. 2009. Age, growth, reproduction, and movements of beluga whales from the eastern Chukchi Sea. Doctoral dissertation, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	February 2009
Stevick, Bethany. 2010. Title to be added. Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	December 2010
Sorel, Mark H. 2022. Informing salmon conservation with population models that account for individual heterogeneity. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.	June 2022
Sorel, M. H. 2015. Food–web implications of reintroducing anadromous salmonids in reservoirs on the North Fork Lewis River, Washington. MS Thesis, University of Washington. 123 pages.	August 2015
Smith, Heather R. 2009. Fatty acid variation and isovaleric acid in beluga blubber: Implications for estimating diet using fatty acids. Doctoral dissertation, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	July 2009
Sipe, Hannah A. 2023. Exploring complexity, uncertainty, and risk in avian reintroduction decisions through structured decision making. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.	December 2023
Sipe HA. 2019. Multi-state occupancy modeling and optimal allocation of survey resources for Common Loons in Washington State. M.S. Thesis. University of Washington, Seattle.	December 2019
Sergeant, Christopher. 2004. Effects of slope, substrate, cover, predators, and ontogeny on lentic habitat preferences of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in experimental arenas. MS Thesis. University of Washington. 48 pages.	March 2004
Schoen, Erik R. 2007. Pelagic trophic interactions in contrasting basins in Lake Chelan. Master of Science Thesis. University of Washington. 76 pages.	December 2007
Schoen, E. R. 2015. Linking individual-level foraging interactions of piscivores to food-web dynamics in pelagic systems. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Washington. 229 pages.	August 2015
Ruzycki, James R. 2004. Impacts of nonnative lake trout introductions on native fish communities in western North America. Doctoral dissertation, Utah State University.	December 2004
Ruediger, Joan L. 1999. Ecological characteristics of abalone withering syndrome in the California Channel Islands: Discovery, effects, and persistence. Masters thesis, Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California USA.	March 1999
Price, Jennifer L. 2011. Quantifying the ecological impact of geoduck (Panopea generosa) aquaculture harvest practices on benthic infauna. Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	August 2011
Pendleton L. 2024. Interactions of Pigeon Guillemots and Rhinoceros Auklets with the marine environment. Master's Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle.	June 2024
Orr. Anthony J. 2011. Foraging ecology of immature California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Doctoral dissertation, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	August 2011
Moss, Jamal H. 2006. Interannual differences in spatial variability of consumption demand and growth potential for juvenile pink salmon in the Gulf of Alaska with implications for size-selective mortality. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Washington.	December 2006
Moss, Jamal H. 2001. Development and application of a bioenergetics model for prickly sculpin. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington.	December 2001
Mongillo, Teresa M. 2009. Estimated PCB and PBDE accumulation in Southern Resident Killer Whales. Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	December 2009
Mistry, K. 2022. Fish in Space: Estimating groundfish distribution in the Gulf of Alaska for management apportionment by subregion. Masters Thesis. University of Washington	June 2022
McPeek, Kathleen C. 2013. Food web impacts of geoduck clam aquaculture practices in Puget Sound, Washington. Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	November 2013
McIntyre, Jenifer K. 2010. Quantifying the impact of urban stormwater on coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kistuch): integrating neurotoxic effects of copper on olfactory-mediated behaviours across life history stages. Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington. December 2010.	December 2010
McIntyre, J. K. 2004. Bioaccumulation of mercury and organochlorines in the food web of Lake Washington. MS Thesis, University of Washington. 204 pages.	March 2004
McCoy, A.K. 2015. An Assessment of the Impact of Non-Native Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush and Mysis diluviana on the Growth and Survival of Pelagic Planktivores in Lake Tahoe. MS Thesis. University of Washington.	June 2015
McCluskey, Shannon M. 2006. Space use patterns and population trends of southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in relation to distribution and abundance of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the inland waters of Washington State and British Columbia. Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	May 2006
McCarthy, Sarah. 2004. Factors affecting trophic performance of Oncorhynchus mykiss along forest gradients in the South Fork Trinity River watershed, California. MS Thesis. University of Washington. 68 pages.	June 2004
Mazur, Michael M. 2004. Linking visual foraging with temporal prey distribution to model trophic interactions in Lake Washington. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Washington. 179 pages.	March 2004
Lowery, Erin D. 2009. Trophic relations and seasonal effects of predation on Pacific salmon by fluvial bull trout in a riverine food web. Master of Science Thesis. University of Washington.	March 2009
London, Josh M. 2006. Harbor seals in Hood Canal: Predators and prey. Doctoral dissertation, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	March 2006
Lander, Michelle E. 2008 Population dynamics and behaviors of Steller sea lions with respect to environmental heterogeneity: Finding the links. Doctoral dissertation, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	June 2008
King, K.A. 2011. Survival and reproduction of Coho salmon exposed to pesticides within urban streams in Western Washington. PhD Thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 176 pp.	August 2011
Kemp, I.M. 2014. Spatial-temporal patterns in distribution and feeding of juvenile salmon and herring in Puget Sound, WA. MS Thesis. University of Washington. Seattle. 123 pages.	January 2014
Houghton, Juliana. 2015. Do whales hear what we see at the surface? The relationship between vessel traffic and noise levels received by killer whales. Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	December 2014
Hoberecht, Laura K. 2006. Investigating the use of blubber fatty acids to detect Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) foraging on ephemeral high-quality prey. Doctoral dissertation, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	November 2006
Hauser, Donna D.W. 2006. Summer space use of southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) within Washington and British Columbia inshore waters. Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	May 2006
Hansen, A.G. 2014. Persisting in the pelagic: environmental, behavioral, and morphological controls on predator-prey interactions. Doctoral dissertation. University of Washington. Seattle. 165 pages.	January 2014
Erickson, Aleta. 2005 Effects of Human Trampling in the Barnacle Zone along a Gradient of Use in Olympic National Park. Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	March 2005
Elfes, Cristiane T. 2008. Persistent organic pollutant levels in North Pacific and North Atlantic humpback whales. Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	June 2008
Duffy, Elisabeth J. 2009. Factors during early marine life that affect smolt-to-adult survival of ocean-type Puget Sound Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington. March 2009.	March 2009
Duffy, Elisabeth J. 2003. Early marine distribution and trophic interactions of juvenile salmon in Puget Sound. MS Thesis. University of Washington. 173 pages.	June 2003
Cross, Alison D. 2006. Early marine growth and consumption demand of juvenile pink salmon in Prince William Sound and the northern coastal Gulf of Alaska. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington.	December 2006
Chambers, M.D. 2004. Population structure and recovery dynamics of black abalones (Haliotis cracherodii) from withering syndrome in the California Islands. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	June 2004
Bratt, Abby E. 2023. From mark-resight to management: Bayesian hierarchical models for endangered bird populations. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.	September 2023
Bradford, A. L. 2003. Population assessment of western North Pacific gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus). Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	June 2003
Bradford, A. L. 2003. Population assessment of western North Pacific gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus). Masters Thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington.	June 2003
Bradford, A. L. 2011. Population characteristics of the critically endangered western gray whale. Doctoral dissertation, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	June 2011
Boyd, Charlotte. 2012. The predator’s dilemma: Investigating the responses of seabirds to changes in the abundance and distribution of small pelagic prey. Doctoral dissertation, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	February 2012
Blaud, Brianna M. 2013. Spatial and temporal patterns of fertilization in black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814): Analysis of surrogate gamete spawning experiments with application towards populations on San Nicolas Island, California. Masters Thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	December 2013
Berge, Hans B. 2009. Limnological influences on the temporal distribution and trophic interactions of fishes in Lake Sammamish. Master of Science Thesis. University of Washington.	March 2009
Agness, Alison M. 2006. Effects and impacts of vessel activity on Kittlitz’s Murrelet in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Masters thesis, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA.	March 2006

Technical Publications

Technical Publications	Publication Date
Yahnke, A.E., C.E. Grue, and M.P. Hayes. 2011. Effects of the herbicide imazapyr on juvenile Oregon spotted frogs. Aquatic Weeds Management Fund Grant Final Report, Task 4, Washington State Department of Ecology, Seattle, WA. 34 pp.	September 2011
VanBlaricom, G.R., and G. Tsidulko. 2009. Trip reports, site visits to the Piltun region of Sakhalin Island, and to the A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, autumn 2009. Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel, Global Marine Programme, International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Gland, Switzerland. 14 December 2009.	December 2009
VanBlaricom, G.R., J.L. Butler, A.P. DeVogelaere, R.G. Gustafson, C.T. Mobley, M.J. Neuman, D.V. Richards, S.M. Rumsey, and B.L. Taylor. 2008. Status review report for black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814). Public review draft. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Region. Long Beach, California, USA. 137 pages.	January 2008
VanBlaricom, G.R. 2010. Final Report. Incidental Harassment Authorization, take by harassment small numbers of marine mammals incidental to research surveys performed for the purpose of assessing trends over time in black abalone populations at permanent study sites on San Nicolas Island, California. Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.	March 2010
Tamayo, M., C.E. Grue, J.R. Cordell, B. Dumbauld, and A. Gray. 2006. Nearshore Habitat Prioritization Criteria for Willapa Bay, Washington. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 47 pp.	May 2006
Smith, B.C, C.E. Grue and N. P. Kohn. 2000. Tissue residues ofglyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) in shellfish associatedwith the application of Rodeo to control Spartina alterniflora.Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University ofWashington, Seattle, WA. 11+v pp	November 2000
Siniff, D.R., J.M. Burns, P.F. Olesiuk, and G.R. VanBlaricom. 2006. The American Institute of Biological Sciences peer review of the Alaska SeaLife Center Steller Sea Lion Research Program. American Institute of Biological Sciences, Reston, Virginia. 45 pages.	January 2006
Schoen, E.R., and D.A. Beauchamp. 2010. Predation impacts of lake trout and Chinook salmon in Lake Chelan, Washington: Implications for prey species and fisheries management. Final Report to Chelan Public Utility District and Lake Chelan Fisheries Forum. Report # WACFWRU-010-01.	February 2010
Remote Sensing Applications Laboratory and Washington Gap Analysis Project (including C.E. Grue). 2000. Pierce County GAP Application Pilot Project - A biodiversity plan for Pierce County Washington. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pierce Co, Tacama, WA	January 2000
Remote Sensing Applications Laboratory and Washington Gap Analysis Project (including C.E. Grue). 2000. Incorporating the protection of biodiversity into local land use planning - A guide to applying Washington State Gap Analysis Project Data. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pierce County, Tacoma, WA and National Gap Analysis Program, Moscow, ID	January 2000
Reeves, R.R., R.L. Brownell, Jr., J.G. Cooke, G.P. Donovan, D.P. Nowacek, T.J. Ragen, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom, A.I. Vedenev, and A. Yablokov. 2006. Report of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel at its First Meeting. 9-11 November 2006, Prangins, Switzerland. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland. 42 pages.	December 2006
Reeves, R.R., R.L. Brownell, Jr., J.G. Cooke, B. Dicks, G.P. Donovan, D.P. Nowacek, T.J. Ragen, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom, A.I. Vedenev, and A.V. Yablokov. 2007. Report of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel at its Third Meeting. 10-13 November 2007, Lausanne, Switzerland. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland. 65 pages.	December 2007
Reeves, R.R., R.L. Brownell, Jr., J.G. Cooke, B. Dicks, G.P. Donovan, D.P. Nowacek, T.J. Ragen, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom, A.I. Vedenev, and A. Yablokov. 2007. Report of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel at its Second Meeting. 15-18 April 2007, St. Petersburg, Russia. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland. 51 pages.	May 2007
Reeves, R.R., R.L. Brownell, Jr., J.G. Cooke, B. Dicks, G.P. Donovan, D.P. Nowacek, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom, A.I. Vedenev, D.W. Weller, and A.V. Yablokov. 2012. Report of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel at its eleventh meeting. 12-14 February 2012, Geneva, Switzerland. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 66 pages.	May 2012
Reeves, R.R., R.L. Brownell, Jr., J.G. Cooke, B. Dicks, G. Donovan, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom, A.I. Vedenev, D.W. Weller, and A.V. Yablokov. 2009. Report of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel at its sixth meeting. 21-24 April 2009, Geneva, Switzerland. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland. 46 pages.	May 2009
Reeves, R.R., R.L. Brownell, Jr., J.G. Cooke, B. Dicks, G. Donovan, D.P. Nowacek, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom, A.I. Vedenev, D.W. Weller, and A.V. Yablokov. 2008. Report of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel at its Fourth Meeting. Lausanne, Switzerland, 22-25 April 2008. The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. 58 pages.	June 2008
Reeves, R.R., R.L. Brownell, Jr., J.G. Cooke, B. Dicks, D.P. Nowacek, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom, A.I. Vedenev, D.W. Weller, and A.V. Yablokov. 2010. Report of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel at its eighth meeting. 16-18 April 2010, Geneva, Switzerland. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland. 42 pages.	June 2010
Reeves, R.R., R.L. Brownell, Jr., J.G. Cooke, B. Dicks, D. Nowacek, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom, A.I. Vedenev, and D.W. Weller. 2010. Report of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel at its seventh meeting. 12-14 December 2009, Geneva, Switzerland. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland. 42 pages.	January 2010
Reeves, R.R., R.L. Brownell, Jr., A. Burdin, J.G. Cooke, J.D. Darling, G.P. Donovan, F.M.D. Gulland, S.E. Moore, D.P. Nowacek, T.J. Ragen, R.G. Steiner, G.R. VanBlaricom, A. Vedenev, and A.Y. Yablokov. 2005. Impacts of Sakhalin II Phase 2 on western North Pacific gray whales and related biodiversity. Report of the Independent Scientific Review Panel. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland. 129 pages.	February 2005
Reeves, R.R., A.E. Bowles, R.L. Brownell, Jr., J.G. Cooke, B.R. Mate, D.P. Nowacek, T.J. Ragen, V. Spiridonov, G.R. VanBlaricom, A. Vedenev, and D.W. Weller. 2006. Report of the Interim Independent Scientists Group (IISG) on mitigation measures to protect western gray whales during Sakhalin II construction operations in 2006. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland. 24 pages.	April 2006
Overman, N.C., D.A. Beauchamp, M.M. Mazur. 2006. Growth, distribution, and abundance of pelagic fishes in Lake Washington, 2001-2005. Final Report to Seattle Public Utilities. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Report # WACFWRU-07-01.	June 2006
Moss, J.H., D.A. Beauchamp, A.D. Cross, E.V. Farley, J.H. Helle, and K.W. Myers. 2007. Spatial patterns in consumption demand and growth potential of juvenile pink salmon in the Gulf of Alaska. North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission. Technical Report 7:35-36.	April 2007
Lowery, E.D., and D.A. Beauchamp. 2010. Baseline Food Web assessment of the Upper Clackamas River Basin prior to reintroduction of bull trout. Final Report to the Upper Clackamas Bull Trout Working Group. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Report # WACFWRU-010-01	August 2010
Kahler, T. J. M. Grassley, and D. A. Beauchamp. 2000. Literature review and synthesis of effects of lake shoreline development on fishes. Report to the City of Bellevue.	May 2000
Independent Scientific Advisory Board. 2011. Columbia River Food Webs: Developing a Broader Scientific Foundation for Fish and Wildlife Restoration. Document ISAB 2011-1. Northwest Power and Conservation Council, Portland, Oregon, USA. Available online (JANUARY 7, 2011). HTTP://WWW.NWCOUNCIL.ORG/LIBRARY/ISAB/2011-1	January 2011
Grue, C.E., J.M. Grassley, J.A. Frew, and A.T. Troiano. 2012. Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify imidacloprid in sediment pore water following application of imidacloprid in Willapa Bay, Washington – Matrix effects and cross-reactivity. Report to the Willapa Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association. 13 pp.	March 2012
Grue, C.E., J.M. Grassley, J.A. Frew, and A.T. Troiano. 2012. Effects of freezing and HDPE plastic on imidacloprid concentrations within sediment samples collected in Willapa Bay, Washington. Report to the Willapa Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association. 7 pp.	January 2012
Grue, C.E. and J.M. Grassley. 2013. Environmental fate and persistence of imidacloprid following applications to control burrowing shrimp in Willapa Bay, Washington. Report to the Willapa Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association. 91 pp.	April 2013
Grassley, J. M. and C. E. Grue (eds.) 1999. An inventory of flora and fauna on the US Navy's Fleet and Industrial Supply Center Puget Sound, Manchester Fuel Department, Manchester, Washington. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, US Navy, Manchester, WA	January 2000
Frew, J.A. and C.E. Grue. 2012. Quantification of imidacloprid residues in green sturgeon plasma and burrowing shrimp. Report to the Willapa Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association. 5 pp.	March 2012
Frew, J.A. and C.E. Grue. 2012. Imidacloprid degradation products. Report to the Willapa Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association. 5 pp.	March 2012
Frew, J.A. and C.E. Grue. 2012. Bioavailability of imidacloprid breakdown products in sediment, pore water, and vegetation to benthic invertebrates, fish and waterfowl. Report to the Willapa Grays Harbor Oyster Growers Association. 3 pp.	March 2012
Duffy, E. J., D. A. Beauchamp, and R. L. Buckley. 2002. Marine distribution and trophic demand of juvenile salmon in Puget Sound. Annual Report. Hatchery Scientific Review Group. Olympia. 38 pp.	June 2002
Dicks, B., G.R. VanBlaricom, D.W. Weller, G. Tsidulko, and R.R. Reeves. 2012. Report of the Environmental Monitoring Task Force, Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel, at its first meeting. 7-9 December 2011, Geneva, Switzerland. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 22 pages.	April 2012
Cassidy, K.M. and C.E. Grue. 2006. Local Conservation Priorities for Western Washington: Suggestions for Effective Conservation Actions County, City and Private Landowners and Managers. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 520 pp.	April 2006
Brannon, E. L., D. A. Beauchamp, D. E. Campton, C. V. W. Mahnken, J. R. Winton. 2001. The Cedar River sockeye salmon hatchery management plan. Report by the Special Scientific Advisory Panel for the City of Seattle. 55 pages.	March 2001
Beauchamp, D.A., and M.F. Shepard. 2008. Evaluation of factors affecting kokanee production in Lake Billy Chinook. Final Report to Portland General Electric. Portland, OR. 36 pages.	December 2008
Beauchamp, D.A., and E.J. Duffy. 2011. Stage-specific growth and survival during early marine life of Puget Sound Chinook salmon in the context of temporal-spatial environmental conditions and trophic interactions. Final Report to the Pacific Salmon Commission. Report # WACFWRU-11-01.	May 2011
Beauchamp, D.A., M.W. Kershner, N.C. Overman, J. Rhydderch, J. Lin, and L. Hauser. 2006. Trophic interactions of non-native lake trout and lake whitefish in the Flathead Lake food web. Report to the Confederated Salish-Kootenai Tribes. 39 pages.	April 2006
Beauchamp, D.A., A.D. Cross, and J.H. Moss. 2007. Inter-annual patterns in stage-specific feeding, growth, and survival of juvenile pink salmon in the Gulf of Alaska. North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission. Technical Report 7:56-58.	April 2007
Beauchamp, D. A., M. M. Mazur, J. K. McIntyre, J. H. Moss, and N. C. Overman. 2002. Trophic dynamics of fishes and zooplankton in Lakes Washington and Sammamish. Annual Report to King County, Washington. 161 pp.	March 2002
2009. Reeves, R.R., R.L. Brownell, Jr., J.G. Cooke, B. Dicks, G. Donovan, D.P. Nowacek, G. Tsidulko, G.R. VanBlaricom, A.I. Vedenev, D.W. Weller, and A.V. Yablokov. 2009. Report of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel at its fifth meeting. 3-6 December 2008, Lausanne, Switzerland. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland. 51 pages.	January 2009

Data or Software Releases

Type	Citation	Publication Date
Data Release	Hostetter, N.J., A.A. Yackel Adams, W.A. Link, and S.J. Converse, 2024, Identifying Pareto-efficient eradication strategies for invasive populations, (version 1.0.0): U.S. Geological Survey software release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13TRXCM.	August 2023
Data Release	Doll, C.F, Converse, S.J., James, A.B., and C.B. Schultz, 2021, Data on Zerene silverspot butterfly and early blue violet responses to herbicide treatments from 2018-2019 greenhouse experiments: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R9W2JM.	May 2021
Data Release	Amburgey, S., Yackel, A., and Converse, S. 2023. Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) scanning and behavioral data collected in experimental setup in Guam for testing remote PIT-tag reader: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K7MJNT.	October 2021
Data Release	Amburgey, S., Yackel, A., and Converse, S. 2023. Brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) scanning and behavioral data collected in experimental setup in Guam for testing remote PIT-tag reader: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K7MJNT.	May 2021
Software Release	Amburgey SM, AA Yackel Adams, and SJ Converse. 2021. Camera trap data of Brown Treesnakes at mouse-lure traps on Guam, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JV1QU5.	August 2024

Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: Washington
Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources

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Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: Washington Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources

Washington Research Activities

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Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units Program: Washington
Education, Research and Technical Assistance for Managing Our Natural Resources