Lannoo, M.J., D.R. Sutherland, P. Jones, D. Rosenberry, R.W. Klaver, D.M. Hoppe, P.T.J. Johnson, K.B. Lunde, C. Facemire, and J.M. Kapfer. 2002. Multiple causes for the malformed frog phenomenon in: G. Linder, E. Little, S. Krest, and D. Sparling, eds. Symposium on Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshoshocken, PA.
Abstract
For well over a decade, scientists have been trying to pinpoint the environmental cause for declining populations of amphibians in many habitats across the globe. Here, scientists and resource management professionals from a range of disciplines discuss standardized amphibian toxicity tests and methods to characterize adverse effects from chemical stressors; the current state of technical tools available to scientists to asses amphibian populations exposed to various environmental stressors; and a process that brings interdisciplinary technical and management tools to analyzing the cause, and establishes a multiple stressor risk assessment mind set.