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CEGL005274 Schoenoplectus acutus - Schoenoplectus subterminalis - Eleocharis palustris - (Schoenoplectus americanus) Northern Great Lakes Shore Marsh
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Hardstem Bulrush - Swaying Bulrush - Common Spikerush - (Chairmaker''s Bulrush) Northern Great Lakes Shore Marsh
Colloquial Name: Northern Great Lakes Shore Emergent Marsh
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This emergent marsh type is found along northern Great Lakes shorelines in Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, and along the St. Mary''s River in the United States and Canada. Stands occur in a variety of shoreline contexts, including clay lakeplains, sand lakeplains, and sandy ground moraines. They typically occur in open water and stream margins within estuarine sites, often within a much larger poor fen. Stands in Lake Huron and Lake Michigan are found in relatively protected coastal embayments. Stands along the St. Mary''s River occur in channel-side wetlands and embayments. The emergent vegetation is open, sometimes sparse. Species typically include Schoenoplectus acutus and Eleocharis palustris, along with Equisetum fluviatile, Najas flexilis, Schoenoplectus subterminalis, and Sparganium eurycarpum. Schoenoplectus americanus can be common in some sites, e.g., open stretches of some bays may contain a narrow, but dense fringe, apparently due to its greater tolerance of extreme wave action. Some sites may contain species more typical of southern Great Lakes marshes, such as Najas flexilis, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, and Typha angustifolia. Sites in calcium-rich areas may also contain Eleocharis rostellata and Chara spp. Submergents within this zone include Potamogeton gramineus and Potamogeton natans.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This type typically occurs as part of ~Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands Complex (CECX005702)$$, where it occurs in zones associated with the northern Great Lakes submergent marsh type ~Potamogeton gramineus - Potamogeton natans Northern Great Lakes Shore Aquatic Vegetation (CEGL005273)$$. It is unclear whether stands in Green Bay area go with this emergent type or with the Southern Great Lakes Emergent Marsh type, ~Typha spp. - Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani - Mixed Herbs Southern Great Lakes Shore Marsh (CEGL005112)$$.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The emergent vegetation is open, sometimes sparse. Species typically include Schoenoplectus acutus (= Scirpus acutus) and Eleocharis palustris (= Eleocharis smallii), along with Equisetum fluviatile, Najas flexilis, Schoenoplectus subterminalis (= Scirpus subterminalis), and Sparganium eurycarpum. Schoenoplectus americanus (= Scirpus americanus) can be common in some sites, e.g., open stretches of some bays may contain a narrow, but dense fringe, apparently due to its greater tolerance of extreme wave action. Some sites may contain species more typical of southern Great Lakes marshes, such as Najas flexilis, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (= Scirpus tabernaemontani) and Typha angustifolia. Sites in calcium-rich areas may also contain Eleocharis rostellata and Chara spp. Submergents within this zone include Potamogeton gramineus and Potamogeton natans (Minc and Albert 1998).
Dynamics: Storms, seiches, and water level cycles create a very dynamic pattern of vegetation (Minc 1996).
Environmental Description: Stands occur in a variety of shoreline contexts, including clay lakeplains, sand lakeplains, and sandy ground moraines. They typically occur in open water and stream margins within estuarine sites, often within a much larger poor fen. Stands in Lake Huron and Lake Michigan are found in relatively protected coastal embayments. Stands along the St. Mary''s River occur in channel-side wetlands and embayments. Substrate is mineral soil. Water depth generally exceeds 0.3 m (Minc 1996).
Geographic Range: This emergent marsh type is found along northern Great Lakes shorelines in Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior and along the St. Clair River in the United States and Canada.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: MI, MN, ON, WI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.688865
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3?
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 2 Shrub & Herb Vegetation Class | C02 | 2 |
| Subclass | 2.C Shrub & Herb Wetland Subclass | S44 | 2.C |
| Formation | 2.C.4 Temperate to Polar Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Formation | F013 | 2.C.4 |
| Division | 2.C.4.Nd Eastern North American Temperate Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Division | D323 | 2.C.4.Nd |
| Macrogroup | 2.C.4.Nd.2 Broadleaf Cattail - White Snakeroot - Rush species Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Macrogroup | M069 | 2.C.4.Nd.2 |
| Group | 2.C.4.Nd.2.a Bulrush species - Cattail species Freshwater Marsh Group | G125 | 2.C.4.Nd.2.a |
| Alliance | A3664 Hardstem Bulrush - River Bulrush - Softstem Bulrush Marsh Alliance | A3664 | 2.C.4.Nd.2.a |
| Association | CEGL005274 Hardstem Bulrush - Swaying Bulrush - Common Spikerush - (Chairmaker''s Bulrush) Northern Great Lakes Shore Marsh | CEGL005274 | 2.C.4.Nd.2.a |
Concept Lineage: It is too difficult to separate out shallow from deep marsh in the dynamic system of the Great Lakes shoreline
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Schoenoplectus acutus - Schoenoplectus subterminalis - Eleocharis palustris - (Schoenoplectus americanus) Northern Great Lakes Shore Herbaceous Vegetation (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Deep Marsh Northern Great Lakes Subtype]
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Kost, M. A., D. A. Albert, J. G. Cohen, B. S. Slaughter, R. K. Schillo, C. R. Weber, and K. A. Chapman. 2007. Natural communities of Michigan: Classification and description. Report No. 2007-21, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing. 314 pp. [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/reports/2007-21_Natural_Communites_of_Michigan_Classification_and_Description.pdf]
- Lee, H., W. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig, and S. McMurray. 1998. Ecological land classification for southern Ontario: First approximation and its application. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Science Section, Science Development and Transfer Branch. SCSS Field Guide FG-02.
- MNNHP [Minnesota Natural Heritage Program]. 1993. Minnesota''s native vegetation: A key to natural communities. Version 1.5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, St. Paul, MN. 110 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minc, L. D. 1996. Michigan''s Great Lakes coastal wetlands: Definition, variability, and classification. A report in 2 parts submitted to Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing, MI.
- Minc, L. D., and D. A. Albert. 1998. Great Lakes coastal wetlands: Abiotic and floristic characterization. Great Lakes Wetlands 9(3):1-15.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- ONHIC [Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre]. 2018. Unpublished data. Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario, Canada.
- WDNR [Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]. 2015. The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management. PUB-SS-1131 2015. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison. [http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/Book.html]