Print Report

CEGL002010 Typha (latifolia, angustifolia) Western Marsh

Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available

Common (Translated Scientific) Name: (Broadleaf Cattail, Narrowleaf Cattail) Western Marsh

Colloquial Name: Western Cattail Marsh

Hierarchy Level:  Association

Type Concept: This association is widespread across the western United States and western Great Plains occurring near streams, rivers, and ponds. The soil is flooded or saturated for at least part of the growing season. The alluvial soils have variable textures ranging from sand to clay and usually with a high organic content. The dominant species, Typha latifolia or Typha angustifolia, often forms dense, almost monotypic stands. Other species typical of wetlands may be found in lesser amounts in this community; among these are shallower water emergents such as Carex spp., Eleocharis macrostachya, Eleocharis palustris, Glyceria spp., Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis, Juncus torreyi, Mentha arvensis, Schoenoplectus acutus, and Veronica spp. In deeper water, Lemna minor, Potamogeton spp., Sagittaria spp., Azolla filiculoides, and other aquatics may be present in trace amounts.

Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: Some stands of this association have been defined as a PNV vegetation type. This community is a common element found in many wetland systems, but has received little attention. Consequently, the diagnostic features and species of this community are not well known. Many ecologists (Hansen et al. 1995, Kittel et al. 1999b) have included Typha angustifolia as a codominant in this association. This association needs review to determine whether to treat it as a native or ruderal association because it may include ruderal Typha angustifolia-dominated (converted) stands.

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: This community is dominated by hydrophytic macrophytes, especially Typha latifolia or Typha angustifolia, which grow from approximately 2-3 m tall. Typha latifolia and Typha angustifolia often form dense, near-monotypic stands (70-98% cover), almost to the exclusion of other species. In some stands the two Typha species are codominant. Other species typical of wetlands may be found in lesser amounts in this community; among these are shallower water emergents such as Carex spp., Eleocharis macrostachya, Eleocharis palustris, Glyceria spp., Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis (= Juncus balticus), Juncus torreyi, Mentha arvensis, Schoenoplectus acutus, and Veronica spp. In deeper water, Lemna minor, Potamogeton spp., Sagittaria spp., Azolla filiculoides, and other aquatics may be present in trace amounts. Trace amounts of grasses like Agrostis stolonifera, Beckmannia syzigachne, Hordeum jubatum, Muhlenbergia asperifolia, and Phalaris arundinacea may also be present.

Dynamics:  This association is dependent on flooding and high water tables from flowing freshwater sources, such as streams and seeps, and does not grow well in alkaline or stagnant water (Von Loh 2000). Disturbance greatly increases the total number of species present (Hansen et al. 1995). Typha spp. produce abundant wind-dispersed seeds that allow them to colonize wet bare soil sites quickly and to survive under wet conditions (Hansen et al. 1995, Muldavin et al. 2000a).
Environmental Description:  This widespread community is found along streams, rivers, canals, and the banks of ponds and lakes. Elevations range from near sea level to 2000 m. Sites are nearly level. The soil is saturated or flooded for much of the year from freshwater sources such as springs or streams. The alluvial soils have variable textures ranging from sand to clay and usually with a high organic content.
Geographic Range: This association is widely distributed, occurring across the western United States and western Great Plains.

Nations: CA,US

States/Provinces:  AB, AZ, BC, CA, CO, ID, MT, NE, NM, NV, OR, UT, WA, WY


Confidence Level: High

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G5

Greasons: No Data Available
Type Name Database Code Classification Code
Class 2 Shrub & Herb Vegetation Class C02 2
Subclass 2.C Shrub & Herb Wetland Subclass S44 2.C
Formation 2.C.4 Temperate to Polar Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Formation F013 2.C.4
Division 2.C.4.Nb Western North American Temperate Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Division D031 2.C.4.Nb
Macrogroup 2.C.4.Nb.1 Arid West Interior Freshwater Marsh Macrogroup M888 2.C.4.Nb.1
Group 2.C.4.Nb.1.a Clubrush species - Cattail species Interior Freshwater Marsh Group G531 2.C.4.Nb.1.a
Alliance A3896 Southern Cattail - Broadleaf Cattail - American Common Reed Western Marsh Alliance A3896 2.C.4.Nb.1.a
Association CEGL002010 (Broadleaf Cattail, Narrowleaf Cattail) Western Marsh CEGL002010 2.C.4.Nb.1.a
Concept Lineage: No Data Available

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Typha (latifolia, angustifolia) Association (Evens et al. 2014)
= Typha (latifolia, angustifolia) Western Herbaceous Vegetation (Von Loh 2000)
= Typha angustifolia - Typha latifolia - (Typha domingensis) Herbaceous Vegetation (Carsey et al. 2003a)
= Typha angustifolia-Typha latifolia (Kittel et al. 1999b)
> Typha angustifolia (Sawyer et al. 2009) [52.050.01]
> Typha angustifolia Association (Buck-Diaz et al. 2012)
= Typha latifolia / Sagittaria latifolia Plant Association (Johnston 1987)
> Typha latifolia Association (Sproul et al. 2011)
= Typha latifolia (Crowe and Clausnitzer 1997) [(p.202)]
= Typha latifolia (McCain and Christy 2005) [4 plots]
= Typha latifolia Association (Crowe et al. 2004)
= Typha latifolia Association (Christy 2004)
> Typha latifolia Association (Buck-Diaz et al. 2012)
= Typha latifolia Community (Kovalchik 1993) [(p.189)]
= Typha latifolia Community Type (Padgett et al. 1989)
= Typha latifolia Habitat Type (Hansen et al. 1995)
= Typha latifolia Pacific Coast Herbaceous Vegetation (Copass and Ramm-Granberg 2016a)
? Typha latifolia Plant Association (Bundy et al. 1996)
= Typha latifolia Wetland (Baker 1984a)
= Typha latifolia association (Stumpf et al. 2017)
= Typha latifolia association (Crawford 2003) [4 plots]
< Typha latifolia community type (Kunze 1994) [(p.24)]
= Typha latifolia community type (Dethier 1990) [(p.36)]
= Typha latifolia wetlands (Titus et al. 1996)
? Broadleaf Cattail-Threesquare Bulrush CT (Muldavin et al. 2000a)
< Cattail (Typha sp.) Dominance Type (Jones and Walford 1995)
< Coastal and Valley Freshwater Marsh (#52410) (Holland 1986b)
= Narrow-and broad leaf cattails (Typha angustifolia-Typha latifolia) Plant Association (Kittel et al. 1999a)
Concept Author(s): J. Drake

Author of Description: J. Drake, K.A. Schulz and M.S. Reid

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 02-02-04
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