Print Report
CEGL001093 Crataegus douglasii - (Crataegus chrysocarpa) Shrubland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Black Hawthorn - (Fireberry Hawthorn) Shrubland
Colloquial Name: Western Great Plains Wooded Draw & Ravine
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This black hawthorn shrubland occurs in the northwestern Great Plains and edges of the Black Hills of the United States. The stands grow in mesic draws and on higher surfaces of streamside riparian areas in the plains and foothills. Stands of this type are nearly impenetrable thickets of hawthorns and other tall shrubs (to about 2.5 m) growing above low or medium-height (about 0.7 m), often patchy shrub layers of Symphoricarpos occidentalis and Symphoricarpos albus, and patchy herbaceous layers of graminoids. The herbaceous layer, present in stands with patchy shrub layers, usually consists of exotic and/or invasive species (Bromus inermis, Poa pratensis, Phleum pratense, Cirsium arvense), although several native species (Carex sprengelii, Elymus glaucus, Elymus virginicus, Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus, Galium boreale, Galium aparine, Galium triflorum) often are present and may have constituted the original understories.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: The role of Crataegus chrysocarpa in this type is not clear.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Crataegus douglasii or Crataegus succulenta (= Crataegus columbiana var. occidentalis), either alone or together, dominate or codominate the tall (to ca. 2.5 m) shrub layer, which includes a substantial amount of Prunus virginiana and may include substantial amounts of Amelanchier alnifolia and Prunus americana. Viburnum lentago may be present. This tall-shrub layer often is so thick as to be all but impenetrable, but it may contain openings. A low to medium-height shrub layer (typically ca. 0.8 m tall) dominated by Symphoricarpos occidentalis or Symphoricarpos albus, is present in stands with patchy tall-shrub layers, with the lower shrub growing beneath the openings in the taller shrub canopy. The herbaceous layer, present in stands with patchy shrub layers, usually consists of exotic and/or invasive species (Bromus inermis, Poa pratensis, Phleum pratense, Cirsium arvense), although several native species (Carex sprengelii, Elymus glaucus, Elymus virginicus, Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus, Galium boreale, Galium aparine, Galium triflorum) often are present and may have constituted the original understories. Herbaceous species are sparse beneath dense shrub overstories.
Dynamics: Hansen et al. (1995) state that stands of this type are grazing disclimaxes, and that the undisturbed vegetation is Fraxinus pennsylvanica woodland or Acer negundo woodland. This may be untrue for many of the stands in northeastern Wyoming, which grow in draws and ravines that appear to be too dry to support Fraxinus or Acer woodlands (WNDD unpubl. data).
Environmental Description: Stands of this type grow in mesic draws (Hansen et al. 1995, Thilenius et al. 1995, WYNDD unpubl. data) and on higher surfaces in streamside riparian areas (Hansen et al. 1995).
Geographic Range: This black hawthorn shrubland occurs in the northwestern Great Plains and edges of the Black Hills of the United States, ranging from Montana to western South Dakota.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: MT, SD, WY
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.684499
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G2Q
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 2 Shrub & Herb Vegetation Class | C02 | 2 |
| Subclass | 2.B Temperate & Boreal Grassland & Shrubland Subclass | S18 | 2.B |
| Formation | 2.B.2 Temperate Grassland & Shrubland Formation | F012 | 2.B.2 |
| Division | 2.B.2.Nb Central North American Grassland & Shrubland Division | D023 | 2.B.2.Nb |
| Macrogroup | 2.B.2.Nb.2 Needle-and-Thread - Western Wheatgrass - Plains Rough Fescue Grassland Macrogroup | M051 | 2.B.2.Nb.2 |
| Group | 2.B.2.Nb.2.c Western Wheatgrass - Needle-and-Thread - Little Bluestem Mixedgrass Prairie Group | G141 | 2.B.2.Nb.2.c |
| Alliance | A4384 Chokecherry - Western Snowberry - Saskatoon Serviceberry Northern Plains Shrubland Alliance | A4384 | 2.B.2.Nb.2.c |
| Association | CEGL001093 Black Hawthorn - (Fireberry Hawthorn) Shrubland | CEGL001093 | 2.B.2.Nb.2.c |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Crataegus douglasii - (Crataegus chrysocarpa) Shrubland (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
= Crataegus douglasii - (Crataegus chrysocarpa) Shrubland (Reid et al. 2004)
= Crataegus erythropoda - Prunus virginiana vegetation type (Thilenius et al. 1995) [Stands of the Crataegus erythropoda - Prunus virginiana vegetation type identified by Thilenius et al. (1995) from mesic draws in the northwestern Cheyenne River Basin of Wyoming, belong to this association.]
< Crataegus succulenta community type (Hansen et al. 1995) [The Crataegus succulenta community type of Hansen et al. (1995) apparently includes a wider variety of stands than does this association, although that is somewhat unclear.]
= Crataegus douglasii - (Crataegus chrysocarpa) Shrubland (Reid et al. 2004)
= Crataegus erythropoda - Prunus virginiana vegetation type (Thilenius et al. 1995) [Stands of the Crataegus erythropoda - Prunus virginiana vegetation type identified by Thilenius et al. (1995) from mesic draws in the northwestern Cheyenne River Basin of Wyoming, belong to this association.]
< Crataegus succulenta community type (Hansen et al. 1995) [The Crataegus succulenta community type of Hansen et al. (1995) apparently includes a wider variety of stands than does this association, although that is somewhat unclear.]
- BHCI [Black Hills Community Inventory]. 1999. Unpublished element occurrence and plot data collected during the Black Hills Community Inventory. Available upon request from the South Dakota Natural Heritage Program, Pierre, and Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, Laramie.
- Bourgeron, P. S., and L. D. Engelking, editors. 1994. A preliminary vegetation classification of the western United States. Unpublished report. The Nature Conservancy, Western Heritage Task Force, Boulder, CO. 175 pp. plus appendix.
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- Erixson, J., and D. Cogan. 2012c. Vegetation inventory project report: Nez Perce National Historical Park. Natural Resource Report NPS/UCBN/NRR--2012/531. National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO. 380 pp.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Girard, M. [1991]. ECODATA survey of riparian communities of Black Hills National Forest, 1986-1990. Unpublished files, field forms, notes, data analyses and type descriptions. Supervisor''s Office, Black Hills National Forest, Custer, SD.
- Hansen, P. L., R. D. Pfister, K. Boggs, B. J. Cook, J. Joy, and D. K. Hinckley. 1995. Classification and management of Montana''s riparian and wetland sites. Miscellaneous Publication No. 54. Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, School of Forestry, University of Montana. 646 pp. plus posters.
- Hop, K., M. Reid, J. Dieck, S. Lubinski, and S. Cooper. 2007. U.S. Geological Survey-National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program: Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI. 131 pp. plus Appendices A-L.
- MTNHP [Montana Natural Heritage Program]. 2002b. List of ecological communities for Montana. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Montana State Library, Helena, MT.
- Marriott, H. J., D. Faber-Langendoen, A. McAdams, D. Stutzman, and B. Burkhart. 1999. The Black Hills Community Inventory: Final report. The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Conservation Science Center, Minneapolis, MN.
- RMS. 1998. Unpublished, untitled document containing Black Hills riparian vegetation classification, key and tables of canopy cover and constancy estimates. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Rapid City, SD.
- Reid, M. S., S. V. Cooper, and G. Kittel. 2004. Vegetation classification of Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. Final report for USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program, International Peace Park Mapping Project. NatureServe, Arlington VA.
- Thilenius, J. F., G. R. Brown, and A. L. Medina. 1995. Vegetation on semi-arid rangelands, Cheyenne River Basin, Wyoming. General Technical Report RM-GTR-263. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 60 pp.
- WNDD [Wyoming Natural Diversity Database]. No date. Unpublished data on file. Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.
- Western Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boulder, CO.