Print Report

CEGL003901 Salix nigra Wet Shrubland

Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Black Willow Wet Shrubland

Colloquial Name: Southeast Black Willow Riverbank Shrubland

Hierarchy Level:  Association

Type Concept: This broadly defined type represents vegetation dominated by scrubby forms of Salix nigra across the southeastern and northeastern United States, and possibly into Canada. Stature and closure may vary depending on disturbance. Additional types may be developed as more information becomes available.

Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: This type conceptually includes communities formerly treated as woodlands [see the archived Salix nigra Woodland (CEGL003731)]. In WV, black willow dominated communities are successional/ruderal and are the most common woody wetlands in agricultural settings and around reservoirs across much of the state. There are 31 plots assigned to CEGL002103 or CEGL003901, depending on physiognomy, but both these associations supposedly represent natural vegetation and may not be the best fit for WV ruderal vegetation.

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: Alluvial shrubland dominated by scrubby Salix nigra.

Dynamics:  No Data Available

Environmental Description:  Temporarily flooded riverbank vegetation.

Geographic Range: This is a potentially wide-ranging association found throughout the southeastern and eastern United States, and possibly into Canada. This broadly defined association is found from the Ozarks and Interior Low Plateau, south to the West and East Gulf coastal plains and Florida Peninsula, east to the Atlantic Coastal Plain (excluding the Southern Blue Ridge) and north into the Central Appalachians and Northern Piedmont.

Nations: CA?,US

States/Provinces:  AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MD, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, WV




Confidence Level: Low

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: G4?

Greasons: No Data Available


Concept Lineage: Conceptually includes communites formerly treated as woodlands (former CEGL003731)

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: = Salix nigra Temporarily Flooded Shrubland (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
< IIE3a. Riverside Shoal and Stream Bar Complex (Allard 1990)

Concept Author(s): Southeastern Ecology Group

Author of Description: E. Largay

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 10-24-11

  • ALNHP [Alabama Natural Heritage Program]. 2002. Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge: Natural community and rare plant survey. Alabama Natural Heritage Program, The Nature Conservancy, Montgomery.
  • Allard, D. J. 1990. Southeastern United States ecological community classification. Interim report, Version 1.2. The Nature Conservancy, Southeast Regional Office, Chapel Hill, NC. 96 pp.
  • Baalman, R. J. 1965. Vegetation of the Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge, Jet, Oklahoma. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oklahoma, Norman.
  • Blair, W. F. 1938. Ecological relationships of the mammals of the Bird Creek region, northeastern Oklahoma. The American Midland Naturalist 20:473-526.
  • Blair, W. F., and T. H. Hubbell. 1938. The biotic districts of Oklahoma. The American Midland Naturalist 20:425-454.
  • Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
  • GNHP [Georgia Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. Georgia Natural Heritage Program, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle.
  • Harrison, J. W. 2011. The natural communities of Maryland: 2011 working list of ecological community groups and community types. Unpublished report. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Heritage Service, Natural Heritage Program, Annapolis. 33 pp.
  • Harrison, J. W., compiler. 2004. Classification of vegetation communities of Maryland: First iteration. A subset of the International Classification of Ecological Communities: Terrestrial Vegetation of the United States, NatureServe. Maryland Natural Heritage Program, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis. 243 pp.
  • Hefley, H. M. 1937. Ecological studies on the Canadian River floodplain in Cleveland County, Oklahoma. Ecological Monographs 7:347-402.
  • Hoagland, B. 2000. The vegetation of Oklahoma: A classification for landscape mapping and conservation planning. The Southwestern Naturalist 45(4):385-420.
  • Johnson, F. L. 1984. Vegetational changes in a black willow forest over a 23 year period. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 64:11-13.
  • Kelting, R. W., and W. T. Penfound. 1950. The vegetation of stock pond dams in central Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist 44:69-75.
  • McCoy, D. A. 1958. Vascular plants of Pontotoc County, Oklahoma. American Midland Naturalist 59:371-396.
  • McManamay, R. H. 2015. Vegetation mapping at Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. Natural Resource Report NPS/SECN/NRR--2015/1088. National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO. 278 pp.
  • Nelson, J. B. 1986. The natural communities of South Carolina: Initial classification and description. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Columbia, SC. 55 pp.
  • Nordman, C., M. Russo, and L. Smart. 2011. Vegetation types of the Natchez Trace Parkway, based on the U.S. National Vegetation Classification. NatureServe Central Databases (International Ecological Classification Standard: Terrestrial Ecological Classifications). Arlington, VA. Data current as of 11 April 2011. 548 pp.
  • ONHD [Ohio Natural Heritage Database]. No date. Vegetation classification of Ohio and unpublished data. Ohio Natural Heritage Database, Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Columbus.
  • Penfound, W. T. 1953. Plant communities of Oklahoma lakes. Ecology 34:561-583.
  • Penfound, W. T. 1961. The composition of a black willow forest in south central Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 41:30-31.
  • Penfound, W. T. 1965. Vegetational changes in a black willow forest over a four-year period. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 45:39.
  • Petranka, J. W., and R. Holland. 1980. A quantitative analysis of bottomland communities in south-central Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist 25:207-214.
  • Schafale, M. P., and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina. Third approximation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh. 325 pp.
  • Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
  • White, J., and M. Madany. 1978. Classification of natural communities in Illinois. Pages 311-405 in: Natural Areas Inventory technical report: Volume I, survey methods and results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana, IL.