Print Report
CEGL001677 Pseudoroegneria spicata - Poa secunda Grassland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Bluebunch Wheatgrass - Sandberg Bluegrass Grassland
Colloquial Name: No Data Available
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This association has been described from lower montane to subalpine elevations in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana. Stands of this association occupy loamy, rocky, often shallow soils on slopes and ridges, generally around the edges of basins and in the foothills of the mountains. Sites usually are ridges and slopes, sometimes alluvial fans, scree slopes, sloped rocky cliff faces, and bedrock outcrops of any aspect, although southerly and westerly aspects are most common in the Northwest. Throughout its geographic range this is a bunch grassland with minor cover of forbs and, often, sparse shrubs. Pseudoroegneria spicata dominates or codominates the vegetation; Poa secunda and Koeleria macrantha usually are present in substantial amounts, and Festuca idahoensis is absent or present in very small amounts. The common shrubs are Ericameria nauseosa, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, and Artemisia tridentata (subspecies unknown). Associated forbs are highly variable, given the broad geographic and elevational range. This association was at one time common throughout its wide geographic range, but much of it in Washington and Oregon has been converted to agricultural fields. In many of the remaining stands, the cover of Pseudoroegneria spicata has decreased and the cover of Hesperostipa comata and shrubs have increased, and exotics (especially Bromus tectorum, Tragopogon spp., and Alyssum spp.) have become common members of the vegetation; these changes are attributed in large part to livestock grazing.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Relationships between this association and several others are unclear. ~Pseudoroegneria spicata - Balsamorhiza sagittata - Poa secunda Grassland (CEGL001662)$$ from Idaho and Oregon, apparently taken from Tisdale''s (1986) Agropyron spicatum / Poa secunda / Balsamorhiza sagittata habitat type of western Idaho, is included here. ~Pseudoroegneria spicata - Poa secunda Lithosolic Grassland (CEGL001678)$$ of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington may be based on the lithosolic phase of Daubenmire''s (1988) habitat type; this association presently includes that vegetation. If these types are to be considered separate associations, clear distinctions must be made between them.
In ~Pseudoroegneria spicata - Pascopyrum smithii Grassland (CEGL001675)$$, rhizomatous wheatgrasses (Pascopyrum smithii or Elymus lanceolatus) are subdominant or codominant and clearly contribute more cover than does Poa secunda. Similarly, in ~Pseudoroegneria spicata - Hesperostipa comata Grassland (CEGL001679)$$, Hesperostipa comata is subdominant or codominant and clearly contributes more cover than does Poa secunda. ~Pseudoroegneria spicata - Cushion Plants Grassland (CEGL001666)$$ contains a substantial amount of Pseudoroegneria spicata and often contains Poa secunda, but forbs generally provide more cover than do the grasses. The relationship between this association and the ~Pseudoroegneria spicata - Poa fendleriana Grassland (CEGL001676)$$ is unclear.
The examples of this type as found within the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park (IPP) extend the known environmental range of the association. The fact that Poa secunda was not recorded for IPP plots does not contravene the concept of the type as described and defined by Mueggler and Stewart (1980). However, with further sampling in northwestern Montana, and the IPP in particular, it may prove that these stands in Glacier National Park represent a different association. All the plots initially identified by Achuff et al. (1997, 2002a) as the H42: Agropyron spicatum Vegetation Type in Waterton Lakes National Park were placed into other associations.
In ~Pseudoroegneria spicata - Pascopyrum smithii Grassland (CEGL001675)$$, rhizomatous wheatgrasses (Pascopyrum smithii or Elymus lanceolatus) are subdominant or codominant and clearly contribute more cover than does Poa secunda. Similarly, in ~Pseudoroegneria spicata - Hesperostipa comata Grassland (CEGL001679)$$, Hesperostipa comata is subdominant or codominant and clearly contributes more cover than does Poa secunda. ~Pseudoroegneria spicata - Cushion Plants Grassland (CEGL001666)$$ contains a substantial amount of Pseudoroegneria spicata and often contains Poa secunda, but forbs generally provide more cover than do the grasses. The relationship between this association and the ~Pseudoroegneria spicata - Poa fendleriana Grassland (CEGL001676)$$ is unclear.
The examples of this type as found within the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park (IPP) extend the known environmental range of the association. The fact that Poa secunda was not recorded for IPP plots does not contravene the concept of the type as described and defined by Mueggler and Stewart (1980). However, with further sampling in northwestern Montana, and the IPP in particular, it may prove that these stands in Glacier National Park represent a different association. All the plots initially identified by Achuff et al. (1997, 2002a) as the H42: Agropyron spicatum Vegetation Type in Waterton Lakes National Park were placed into other associations.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: As would be expected for an association whose geographic range includes such a broad range of climates and prehistoric grazing regimes, the composition of the vegetation varies, but a number of traits are constant. Throughout, this is a bunch grassland with minor cover of forbs and, often, sparse shrubs. Pseudoroegneria spicata dominates or codominates the vegetation; Poa secunda and Koeleria macrantha usually are present in substantial amounts, and Festuca idahoensis is absent or present in very small amounts. Hesperostipa comata (= Stipa comata) often is present in substantial amounts and may codominate, due (at least in part of the range) to prolonged grazing. Bromus tectorum, Tragopogon spp., and Alyssum spp. also are common members of the vegetation, due at least in part to disturbance. The common shrubs are Ericameria nauseosa (= Chrysothamnus nauseosus), Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, and Artemisia tridentata (subspecies unknown). In southern British Columbia (Tisdale 1947), eastern Washington (Daubenmire 1988), and northeastern Oregon (Poulton 1955, Anderson 1956), the undisturbed vegetation of this type consists of Pseudoroegneria spicata and Poa secunda, with few other vascular plants (Lomatium macrocarpum, Draba verna, Artemisia frigida, Gutierrezia sarothrae, and a number of annuals), and substantial cover of epigeous cryptogams. Hesperostipa comata is present in most stands and may codominate with Pseudoroegneria spicata, as a result of heavy grazing. In western Idaho (Tisdale 1986), xeric sites support open vegetation with little Poa secunda and with Opuntia polyacantha, Phacelia heterophylla, and Scutellaria angustifolia. Stands on mesic sites are denser and usually contain Balsamorhiza sagittata, Lomatium triternatum, and Lupinus sericeus. In Utah (Christensen 1963, Christensen and Welsh 1963), Gutierrezia sarothrae is a common but minor species; Hesperostipa comata and Achnatherum hymenoides (= Oryzopsis hymenoides) are now common and often contribute substantial cover, apparently in stands disturbed by prolonged grazing. Montana stands (Mueggler and Stewart 1980, Cooper et al. 1995) often contain Artemisia frigida, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Heuchera cylindrica, Achillea millefolium, Phlox hoodii, Eriogonum flavum, Stenotus acaulis (= Haplopappus acaulis), and a number of other forbs as well as the fern Cryptogramma acrostichoides; Hesperostipa comata or Hesperostipa spartea (= Stipa spartea) often codominate with Pseudoroegneria spicata, apparently even in stands that have not been markedly disturbed. Calamagrostis purpurascens and Festuca occidentalis may also be present. In northwestern Wyoming (Tweit and Houston 1980), the vegetation is much like that in Montana (but without Hesperostipa spartea), while in central Wyoming (Williams 1961, Fisser 1964) and northeastern Wyoming (Terwilliger et al. 1979a), nearer to the eastern edge of the geographic range, Bouteloua gracilis, Rhus trilobata, Pascopyrum smithii, and Carex filifolia may be present as minor species. In Colorado (Hess and Wasser 1982), species present in greater than trace amounts are Achillea millefolium, Arenaria fendleri, Oxytropis lambertii, Potentilla gracilis, and Taraxacum officinale.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This association occurs at lower montane to subalpine elevations throughout much of the Rocky Mountains and intermountain northwestern United State and adjacent Canada, and east on to the northwestern Great Plains. Sites usually are ridges and slopes, sometimes alluvial fans, scree slopes, sloped rocky cliff faces, and bedrock outcrops of any aspect, although southerly and westerly aspects are most common in the northwestern part (British Columbia, Washington, Idaho) and northern part (Montana) of the geographic range. In Wyoming and Colorado, many of the sites supporting this association are windswept slopes and ridges. This association grows over a very broad elevational range, from 213 to 854 m (700-2800 feet) in the northwestern part of the range, 915 to 2288 m (3000-7500 feet) in the north-central part, and 2867 to 3050 m (9400-10,000 feet) in central Colorado. Stands grow on well-drained, often shallow, and frequently gravelly or rocky soils generally of loam, clay loam, silt loam, or sandy loam textural classes.
Geographic Range: This grassland association occurs in the intermountain northwestern U.S. and adjacent Canada, and extends east into the Rocky Mountains from northern Colorado to northern Montana and east on to the northwestern Great Plains.
Nations: CA?,US
States/Provinces: BC?, CO, ID, MT, NV, OR, UT, WA, WY
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683381
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4?
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 2 Shrub & Herb Vegetation Class | C02 | 2 |
| Subclass | 2.B Temperate & Boreal Grassland & Shrubland Subclass | S18 | 2.B |
| Formation | 2.B.2 Temperate Grassland & Shrubland Formation | F012 | 2.B.2 |
| Division | 2.B.2.Nf Western North American Grassland & Shrubland Division | D022 | 2.B.2.Nf |
| Macrogroup | 2.B.2.Nf.2 Saskatoon Serviceberry / Idaho Fescue - Bluebunch Wheatgrass Grassland & Shrubland Macrogroup | M048 | 2.B.2.Nf.2 |
| Group | 2.B.2.Nf.2.c Rough Fescue - Idaho Fescue - Bluebunch Wheatgrass Central Rocky Mountain Foothill Grassland Group | G273 | 2.B.2.Nf.2.c |
| Alliance | A3987 Idaho Fescue - Bluebunch Wheatgrass - Sandberg Bluegrass Dry Grassland Alliance | A3987 | 2.B.2.Nf.2.c |
| Association | CEGL001677 Bluebunch Wheatgrass - Sandberg Bluegrass Grassland | CEGL001677 | 2.B.2.Nf.2.c |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: > Agropyron - Poa Grassland Zone, Climax Vegetation (Tisdale 1947)
> Agropyron - Poa Zone, Climatic Climax (Poulton 1955)
= Agropyron spicatum - Poa sandbergii Community Type (Cooper et al. 1995)
> Agropyron spicatum - Poa secunda Habitat Type (Daubenmire 1970) [Daubenmire''s (1970) Pseudoroegneria spicata - Poa secunda association constitutes relatively undisturbed vegetation on his habitat type. Comments by other authors (Mueggler and Stewart 1980, Tisdale 1986) suggest that it represents relatively xeric and species-poor vegetation of this association.]
= Agropyron spicatum - Poa secunda Habitat Type (DeVelice et al. 1995)
> Agropyron spicatum / Opuntia polyacantha Habitat Type (Tisdale 1986) [Tisdale''s (1986) Agropyron spicatum / Opuntia polyacantha habitat type represents a xeric part of this association, with relatively sparse vegetation in which Poa secunda (= Poa sandbergii) contributes little cover and perennial forbs are minor.]
> Agropyron spicatum / Poa sandbergii / Balsamorhiza sagittata Habitat Type (Tisdale 1986) [Tisdale''s (1986) Agropyron spicatum / Poa sandbergii / Balsamorhiza sagittata habitat type represents a mesic part of this association, with substantial cover of Poa secunda (= Poa sandbergii) and of perennial forbs.]
> Agropyron spicatum / Poa sandbergii (MONT) Habitat Type (Mueggler and Stewart 1980)
> Agropyron spicatum / Poa sandbergii Habitat Type (Tweit and Houston 1980)
> Agropyron spicatum / Poa sandbergii Habitat Type (Hess and Wasser 1982)
> Agropyron spicatum / Poa secunda Habitat Type (Terwilliger et al. 1979a)
> Roegneria spicata / Poa secunda Plant Association (Johnston 1987)
= Bluebunch Wheatgrass - Sandberg Bluegrass Herbaceous Vegetation (Pseudoroegneria spicata - Poa secunda Herbaceous Vegetation) (Bell et al. 2009)
< Bluebunch Wheatgrass Series (Johnson and Simon 1987)
> Central Utah Foothill Bunchgrass Vegetation (Christensen 1963)
> Northern Utah Palouse Grassland Association (Stoddart 1941)
< Upland Prairie (Christensen and Welsh 1963)
> Agropyron - Poa Zone, Climatic Climax (Poulton 1955)
= Agropyron spicatum - Poa sandbergii Community Type (Cooper et al. 1995)
> Agropyron spicatum - Poa secunda Habitat Type (Daubenmire 1970) [Daubenmire''s (1970) Pseudoroegneria spicata - Poa secunda association constitutes relatively undisturbed vegetation on his habitat type. Comments by other authors (Mueggler and Stewart 1980, Tisdale 1986) suggest that it represents relatively xeric and species-poor vegetation of this association.]
= Agropyron spicatum - Poa secunda Habitat Type (DeVelice et al. 1995)
> Agropyron spicatum / Opuntia polyacantha Habitat Type (Tisdale 1986) [Tisdale''s (1986) Agropyron spicatum / Opuntia polyacantha habitat type represents a xeric part of this association, with relatively sparse vegetation in which Poa secunda (= Poa sandbergii) contributes little cover and perennial forbs are minor.]
> Agropyron spicatum / Poa sandbergii / Balsamorhiza sagittata Habitat Type (Tisdale 1986) [Tisdale''s (1986) Agropyron spicatum / Poa sandbergii / Balsamorhiza sagittata habitat type represents a mesic part of this association, with substantial cover of Poa secunda (= Poa sandbergii) and of perennial forbs.]
> Agropyron spicatum / Poa sandbergii (MONT) Habitat Type (Mueggler and Stewart 1980)
> Agropyron spicatum / Poa sandbergii Habitat Type (Tweit and Houston 1980)
> Agropyron spicatum / Poa sandbergii Habitat Type (Hess and Wasser 1982)
> Agropyron spicatum / Poa secunda Habitat Type (Terwilliger et al. 1979a)
> Roegneria spicata / Poa secunda Plant Association (Johnston 1987)
= Bluebunch Wheatgrass - Sandberg Bluegrass Herbaceous Vegetation (Pseudoroegneria spicata - Poa secunda Herbaceous Vegetation) (Bell et al. 2009)
< Bluebunch Wheatgrass Series (Johnson and Simon 1987)
> Central Utah Foothill Bunchgrass Vegetation (Christensen 1963)
> Northern Utah Palouse Grassland Association (Stoddart 1941)
< Upland Prairie (Christensen and Welsh 1963)
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