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A3629 Quercus lyrata - Quercus phellos - Carya aquatica Swamp Forest Alliance

Type Concept Sentence: These forests are typically dominated by Quercus lyrata, often with substantial Carya aquatica, and are found on low wet seasonally flooded bottomlands, floodplains, swamps, sloughs, and related habitats, primarily in the Southeastern Coastal Plain and the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain.


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Overcup Oak - Willow Oak - Water Hickory Swamp Forest Alliance

Colloquial Name: Overcup Oak Bottomland Swamp Forest

Hierarchy Level:  Alliance

Type Concept: Stands of this alliance are normally dominated or at least codominated by Quercus lyrata, often with substantial Carya aquatica, especially in the wetter sites where no other canopy species occur. Less wet occurrences of this alliance will have substantial Liquidambar styraciflua, as well as Quercus texana or (more rarely) Quercus palustris (within their ranges). Other characteristic woody species include Acer rubrum, Carpinus caroliniana, Celtis laevigata, Diospyros virginiana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Fraxinus profunda, Planera aquatica, Populus heterophylla, Quercus laurifolia, Quercus phellos (which is sometimes codominant to dominant), and Taxodium distichum. Common understory and shrub associates include Carpinus caroliniana, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Cornus foemina, Crataegus viridis, Forestiera acuminata, and Ilex decidua.

Diagnostic Characteristics: The presence and relative density of Quercus lyrata should be the primary vegetative characteristic used to identify stands in this alliance.

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: Information derived from old alliance Quercus lyrata - (Carya aquatica) Seasonally Flooded Forest Alliance (A.328).

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: Stands of this alliance are normally dominated or at least codominated by Quercus lyrata, often with substantial Carya aquatica, especially in the wetter sites where no other canopy species occur. Less wet occurrences of this alliance will have substantial Liquidambar styraciflua, as well as Quercus texana or (more rarely) Quercus palustris (within their ranges). Other characteristic woody species include Acer rubrum, Carpinus caroliniana, Celtis laevigata, Diospyros virginiana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Fraxinus profunda, Planera aquatica, Populus heterophylla, Quercus laurifolia, Quercus phellos (which is sometimes codominant to dominant), Taxodium distichum, and occasionally Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus michauxii, Quercus palustris, and Ulmus americana. Common understory and shrub associates include Carpinus caroliniana, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Cornus foemina (= Cornus stricta), Crataegus viridis, Forestiera acuminata, and Ilex decidua. Species composition and density of the herbaceous stratum vary with geography and frequency of flooding.

Dynamics:  No Data Available

Environmental Description:  Stands of this alliance are typically found in low wet seasonally flooded bottomlands and floodplains, river swamps, backswamps and their edges, sloughs, and related habitats. These areas have heavy clay soils of the Orders Ultisol and Vertisol and are found in floodplains and depressions. Two unusual associations placed here are a mixed oak - hardwood sand pond forest found in the western edge of the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain, and an upland swamp association found in the Highland Rim (Pennyroyal Karst Plain) of Tennessee and Kentucky.

Geographic Range: Stands of this alliance are found in the Southeastern Coastal Plain and in the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Plain, rarely ranging into the Interior Low Plateau and Ouachita Mountains.

Nations: US

States/Provinces:  AL, AR, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MO, MS, OK, TN, TX




Confidence Level: Low

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: GNR

Greasons: No Data Available

Type Name Database Code Classification Code
Class 1 Forest & Woodland Class C01 1
Subclass 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass S15 1.B
Formation 1.B.3 Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest Formation F026 1.B.3
Division 1.B.3.Nb Southeastern North American Flooded & Swamp Forest Division D062 1.B.3.Nb
Macrogroup 1.B.3.Nb.4 Swamp Chestnut Oak - Bald-cypress - Pecan Southern Floodplain Forest Macrogroup M031 1.B.3.Nb.4
Group 1.B.3.Nb.4.a Swamp Chestnut Oak - Laurel Oak - Sweetgum Floodplain Forest Group G034 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Alliance A3629 Overcup Oak - Willow Oak - Water Hickory Swamp Forest Alliance A3629 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL002423 Overcup Oak - Water Hickory - (Nuttall Oak) / Eastern Swamp-privet Floodplain Forest CEGL002423 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL002424 Overcup Oak - Sweetgum / Eastern Swamp-privet Floodplain Forest CEGL002424 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL004421 Overcup Oak - (Pin Oak, Willow Oak) - Sweetgum - (Swamp Cottonwood) Floodplain Forest CEGL004421 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL004778 Overcup Oak - Pin Oak / Red Maple / Virginia Sweetspire - (Southern Spicebush) Floodplain Forest CEGL004778 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007397 Overcup Oak - Water Hickory Floodplain Forest CEGL007397 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007407 Nuttall Oak - Overcup Oak Floodplain Forest CEGL007407 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007989 Overcup Oak - (Willow Oak, Bald-cypress) / Greater Bladder Sedge - Virginia Water-horehound Floodplain Forest CEGL007989 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL008583 Overcup Oak - Sweetgum Floodplain Forest CEGL008583 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL008597 Pin Oak - (Overcup Oak) - Green Ash / Red Maple / Sedge species Floodplain Forest CEGL008597 1.B.3.Nb.4.a

Concept Lineage: A.327 (1/.); A.328 (6/ ); A.329 (1/.); A.331 (2/ )

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: No Data Available

Concept Author(s): M. Pyne, in Faber-Langendoen et al. (2013)

Author of Description: M. Pyne

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 01-08-14

  • Faber-Langendoen, D., J. Drake, M. Hall, G. Kittel, S. Menard, C. Nordman, M. Pyne, M. Reid, M. Russo, K. Schulz, L. Sneddon, K. Snow, and J. Teague. 2013-2019b. Screening alliances for induction into the U.S. National Vegetation Classification: Part 1 - Alliance concept review. NatureServe, Arlington, VA.