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A3445 Quercus stellata - Quercus falcata Wet Flatwoods Forest Alliance

Type Concept Sentence: These are forests of the upper coastal plains and adjacent regions whose canopies are dominated by Quercus falcata and Quercus stellata, with Carya tomentosa and Quercus alba, that occur in slight topographic depressions or shallow ponds on Pleistocene high terraces or other high flat landforms; these are seasonally flooded depressions whose water results from precipitation.


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Post Oak - Southern Red Oak Wet Flatwoods Forest Alliance

Colloquial Name: Interior & West Gulf Coastal Plain Oak Wet Flatwoods Forest

Hierarchy Level:  Alliance

Type Concept: Examples typically have canopies dominated by Quercus falcata and Quercus stellata, and may also contain some Carya tomentosa and Quercus alba. The ground cover is predominantly leaf litter, and most occurrences are thought to be fire-suppressed. The coastal plain examples are more likely to contain Pinus taeda. Understories vary from open to sparse. Shrubs include Callicarpa americana, Ilex vomitoria, and Ulmus alata, and the ground layer may contain Carex complanata, Carex glaucescens, Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, and/or Chasmanthium laxum. Examples in the West Gulf Coastal Plain occur in slight topographic depressions or shallow ponds on Pleistocene high terraces. These forests are considered to be seasonally flooded since during average years they hold water for a portion of the growing season, albeit for very short duration. These areas may be best thought of as "flatwoods" as the source of the water in the depressions results from precipitation. In the Interior Low Plateau and adjacent areas of the Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain of the southern United States, stands occur on somewhat poorly drained sites. The Interior Low Plateau and East Gulf Coastal Plain examples are known historically from the Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain of western Kentucky (eastern Gulf Coastal Plain on tertiary terraces), western Tennessee, and northwestern Mississippi (the "flatwoods belt"), as well as the Shawnee Hills and the Knobs region of Kentucky.

Diagnostic Characteristics: This vegetation is better drained than Quercus phellos flatwoods, which may be adjacent.

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: No Data Available

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: The aspect of these depressions is open under the canopy, especially when compared to surrounding upland forests which are often densely shrubby.

Floristics: Examples typically have canopies dominated by Quercus falcata and Quercus stellata, and may also contain some Carya tomentosa (= Carya alba) and Quercus alba. The ground cover is predominantly leaf litter, and most occurrences are thought to be fire-suppressed. The coastal plain examples are more likely to contain Pinus taeda. Understories vary from open to sparse. Shrubs include Callicarpa americana, Ilex vomitoria, and Ulmus alata, and the ground layer may contain Carex complanata, Carex glaucescens, Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, and/or Chasmanthium laxum.

Dynamics:  In Kentucky, historic occurrences have been cleared, drained and tiled, and remaining sites are small and degraded.

Environmental Description:  In Kentucky, stands occur on broad flats underlain by fragipans that impede drainage. Although these sites are wet, they are perhaps only considered as marginal wetlands by many definitions. Examples in the West Gulf Coastal Plain dominated by Quercus stellata and Pinus taeda occur in slight topographic depressions or shallow ponds on Pleistocene high terraces. Soil moisture fluctuates widely throughout the growing season depending largely upon rain events which are well-distributed throughout the year. Surface soils in these depressions appear to be finer-textured than adjacent areas which may slow drainage of these areas. In addition, soils may have a hardpan which impedes the downward migration of water into the subsoil, causing a shallowly perched water table. The hardpan may also impeded movement of water up to the dry surface soil from deeper, more moist soil in the summer and restrict the potential rooting depth of vegetation within these depressions. These depressions have been documented on soils mapped as Keithville-Sawtown on the Angelina and Sabine national forests. Some other examples dominated by Quercus falcata are found on sites with unusual soil conditions, such as hardpans with retarded drainage. These typically occur in upland flats and have been called xerohydric because they occasionally will have standing water in the winter due to a perched water table, but are droughty by the end of the growing season.

Geographic Range: The vegetation of this alliance ranges from the West Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas (and possibly Arkansas and Louisiana) east to the Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain and Interior Low Plateau of Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky and possibly Indiana.

Nations: US

States/Provinces:  AL, AR?, IN?, KY, LA?, MS, TN, TX




Confidence Level: Low

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: GNR

Greasons: No Data Available


Concept Lineage: A.243 (1/7), A.2014 (1/1)

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: No Data Available

Concept Author(s): M. Pyne, in Faber-Langendoen et al. (2013)

Author of Description: M. Pyne

Acknowledgements: We have incorporated significant descriptive information previously compiled by Rob Evans and Alan Weakley.

Version Date: 01-08-14

  • Andreu, M. G., and M. L. Tukman. 1995. Forest communities of the Tellico Lake Area, East Tennessee. M.F. project report, Duke University, School of the Environment. Durham, NC. 66 pp. plus appendices.
  • Evans, M., B. Yahn, and M. Hines. 2009. Natural communities of Kentucky 2009. Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission, Frankfort, KY. 22 pp.
  • Faber-Langendoen, D., J. Drake, M. Hall, G. Kittel, S. Menard, C. Nordman, M. Pyne, M. Reid, M. Russo, K. Schulz, L. Sneddon, K. Snow, and J. Teague. 2013-2019b. Screening alliances for induction into the U.S. National Vegetation Classification: Part 1 - Alliance concept review. NatureServe, Arlington, VA.
  • NatureServe Ecology - Southeastern United States. No date. Unpublished data. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
  • Wharton, M. E. 1945. Floristics and vegetation of the Devonian-Mississippian Black-Shale Region of Kentucky. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 45 pp.