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A3421 Populus deltoides - Salix nigra - Salix caroliniana Coastal Plain Floodplain Forest Alliance

Type Concept Sentence: Examples of this vegetation are dominated by some combination of Populus deltoides, Salix caroliniana, and Salix nigra, with Acer negundo, Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum, Catalpa bignonioides, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Platanus occidentalis, and Ulmus americana. It is found primarily along riverfronts, newly made sand bars, frontland ridges, and well-drained flats throughout the southeastern United States.


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Eastern Cottonwood - Black Willow - Carolina Willow Coastal Plain Floodplain Forest Alliance

Colloquial Name: Coastal Plain Cottonwood - Willow Floodplain Forest

Hierarchy Level:  Alliance

Type Concept: In examples of this vegetation, the tree canopy is tall (to 30 m) and is usually dominated by some combination of Populus deltoides, Salix caroliniana, and Salix nigra. Other possible components include Acer negundo, Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum, Catalpa bignonioides, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Platanus occidentalis, and Ulmus americana. Tree diversity is limited due to the dynamics of flooding and deposition/scouring of sediments. The shrub layer is often sparse, but species such as Carpinus caroliniana, Cornus drummondii, Forestiera acuminata, Ilex opaca var. opaca, Ilex vomitoria, and Lindera benzoin can be found. Herbaceous growth can be thick and lush but is often patchy and sparse due to frequent inundation. Examples are found in the coastal plains of the southeastern United States from Virginia to Texas, and possibly in the adjacent Piedmont. Stands are found primarily along riverfronts, where they develop on bare, moist soil on primary successional bars and well-drained flats. Soils are formed in alluvium, are deep, medium-textured, and with adequate or excessive moisture available for vegetation during the growing season. Vegetation of this alliance can also be found on abandoned fields and well-drained ridges in the first bottoms.

Diagnostic Characteristics: Examples of this alliance are found in the coastal plains and adjacent ecoregions of the southeastern United States along riverfronts, and are usually dominated by some combination of Populus deltoides, Salix nigra, and Salix caroliniana. This combination of floristics and biogeography is diagnostic.

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: This alliance should be examined in comparison to alliances in ~Northern & Mid-Atlantic Coastal Wetland Group (G752)$$.

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: The tree canopy in examples of this vegetation is usually dominated by some combination of Populus deltoides, Salix caroliniana, and Salix nigra. Other possible components include Acer negundo, Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum, Catalpa bignonioides, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Platanus occidentalis, and Ulmus americana. Tree diversity is limited due to the dynamics of flooding and deposition/scouring of sediments. The shrub layer is often sparse, but species such as Carpinus caroliniana, Cornus drummondii, Forestiera acuminata, Ilex opaca var. opaca, Ilex vomitoria, and Lindera benzoin can be found. Herbaceous growth can be thick and lush but is often patchy and sparse due to frequent inundation.

Dynamics:  No Data Available

Environmental Description:  Stands are found primarily along riverfronts, where they develop on bare, moist soil on primary successional bars and well-drained flats.

Geographic Range: This alliance is found in the coastal plains of the southeastern United States from South Carolina (and possibly Virginia and North Carolina) south and west to Texas, and possibly in the adjacent Piedmont and Ouachitas.

Nations: US

States/Provinces:  AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, NC?, NJ, SC, TN, TX, VA?, WV




Confidence Level: Low

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: GNR

Greasons: No Data Available

Type Name Database Code Classification Code
Class 1 Forest & Woodland Class C01 1
Subclass 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass S15 1.B
Formation 1.B.3 Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest Formation F026 1.B.3
Division 1.B.3.Nb Southeastern North American Flooded & Swamp Forest Division D062 1.B.3.Nb
Macrogroup 1.B.3.Nb.4 Swamp Chestnut Oak - Bald-cypress - Pecan Southern Floodplain Forest Macrogroup M031 1.B.3.Nb.4
Group 1.B.3.Nb.4.b Green Ash - American Elm - Black Willow Floodplain Forest Group G759 1.B.3.Nb.4.b
Alliance A3421 Eastern Cottonwood - Black Willow - Carolina Willow Coastal Plain Floodplain Forest Alliance A3421 1.B.3.Nb.4.b
Association CEGL007343 Eastern Cottonwood - Coastal Plain Willow Floodplain Forest CEGL007343 1.B.3.Nb.4.b
Association CEGL007346 Eastern Cottonwood - Black Willow / Climbing Hempvine Floodplain Forest CEGL007346 1.B.3.Nb.4.b
Association CEGL007410 Black Willow - (American Sycamore, Eastern Cottonwood) Southern Floodplain Forest CEGL007410 1.B.3.Nb.4.b
Association CEGL007731 Eastern Cottonwood / Box-elder / Small-spike False Nettle Floodplain Forest CEGL007731 1.B.3.Nb.4.b
Association CEGL007734 Black Willow - Green Ash Floodplain Forest CEGL007734 1.B.3.Nb.4.b
Association CEGL007794 River Birch / Black Willow / Shrubby St. John''s-wort - Peppervine Floodplain Forest CEGL007794 1.B.3.Nb.4.b
Association CEGL008547 Southern Catalpa - Black Willow / American Buckwheat Vine / Late-flowering Thoroughwort Floodplain Forest CEGL008547 1.B.3.Nb.4.b

Concept Lineage: This new alliance includes members from several old alliances: A.280 (1/10); A.290 (3/20); A.297 (3/6); and A.334 (3/7).

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: No Data Available

Concept Author(s): J. Drake and M. Pyne, in Faber-Langendoen et al. (2013)

Author of Description: M. Pyne

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 12-21-15

  • Faber-Langendoen, D., J. Drake, M. Hall, G. Kittel, S. Menard, C. Nordman, M. Pyne, M. Reid, M. Russo, K. Schulz, L. Sneddon, K. Snow, and J. Teague. 2013-2019b. Screening alliances for induction into the U.S. National Vegetation Classification: Part 1 - Alliance concept review. NatureServe, Arlington, VA.