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G430 Typha latifolia - Hedychium spp. - Urochloa mutica Ruderal Freshwater Wet Meadow & Marsh Group
Type Concept Sentence: Graminoid- or forb-dominated wetlands dominated by non-native plant species. This include freshwater marshes, riparian areas, ditches, wet drainages, or roadsides where soils remain wet all year.
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Broadleaf Cattail - Garland-lily species - Paragrass Ruderal Freshwater Wet Meadow & Marsh Group
Colloquial Name: Hawaiian Ruderal Freshwater Wet Meadow & Marsh
Hierarchy Level: Group
Type Concept: This ruderal freshwater marsh group occurs on the northwestern Hawaiian Islands and throughout the main islands as mostly small-patch areas in floodplain, riparian, or basin topography. Vegetation is dominated by non-native emergent herbs such as Typha latifolia, Hedychium flavescens, Hedychium coronarium, Hedychrium gardnerianum (above 315 m [1000 feet] in elevation), and Pluchea indica. Native species such as bulrushes, sedges and grasses, including Bolboschoenus maritimus, Cladium mariscus, Cyperus spp., and Schoenoplectus spp., may be present but are no longer the dominant and characteristic plants of the marsh. These are degraded marshes where introduced species have become overwhelmingly dominant.
Diagnostic Characteristics: Vegetation is dominated by introduced species, including Typha latifolia, Hedychium flavescens, Hedychium coronarium, Hedychrium gardnerianum, Urochloa mutica, Paspalum vaginatum, Schoenoplectus californicus, and the subshrub Pluchea indica.
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: No Data Available
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: Vegetation is dominated by exotic emergent herbaceous species.
Floristics: Vegetation is dominated by emergent herbaceous introduced species, including Typha latifolia, Hedychium flavescens, Hedychium coronarium, Hedychrium gardnerianum (above 315 m [1000 feet] elevation), Urochloa mutica (= Brachiaria mutica), Paspalum vaginatum, Schoenoplectus californicus, and the subshrub Pluchea indica. Native bulrushes, sedges and grasses, including Bolboschoenus maritimus, as well as forbs such as Bacopa monnieri and Ludwigia octovalvis, may be present but are not the dominant cover.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: Freshwater marshes occur as a mostly small-patch group confined to limited areas in floodplain or basin topography. This group occupies estuaries, surrounds open bodies of water, occurs in former ponds, and sometimes along streams and springs. Climate: Climate is variable depending on where the stand occurs, ranging from arid to very wet (Zones 1-7) of the 7 Moisture Zones developed for the Hawaiian Islands by Price et al. (2007). Soil/substrate/hydrology: Soils range from silty clays to deep gley mucks to loams and sand over less permeable subsoils. Water levels in freshwater marshes fluctuate seasonally, but they usually retain standing water most of the year.
Geographic Range: This ruderal freshwater marsh occurs on the northwestern Hawaiian Islands and throughout the main islands.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: HI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.860764
Confidence Level: Moderate
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNA
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 2 Shrub & Herb Vegetation Class | C02 | 2 |
| Subclass | 2.C Shrub & Herb Wetland Subclass | S44 | 2.C |
| Formation | 2.C.3 Tropical Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Formation | F030 | 2.C.3 |
| Division | 2.C.3.Ob Polynesian-Eastern Melanesian Freshwater Marsh Division | D019 | 2.C.3.Ob |
| Macrogroup | 2.C.3.Ob.90 Polynesian-Eastern Melanesian Ruderal Freshwater Marsh Macrogroup | M246 | 2.C.3.Ob.90 |
| Group | 2.C.3.Ob.90.a Broadleaf Cattail - Garland-lily species - Paragrass Ruderal Freshwater Wet Meadow & Marsh Group | G430 | 2.C.3.Ob.90.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: > Ginger (Hedychium) Herbland (Gagne and Cuddihy 1990)
> Lowland Wet Herbland (Gagne and Cuddihy 1990)
> Lowland Wet Herbland (Gagne and Cuddihy 1990)
- Faber-Langendoen, D., J. Drake, S. Gawler, M. Hall, C. Josse, G. Kittel, S. Menard, C. Nordman, M. Pyne, M. Reid, L. Sneddon, K. Schulz, J. Teague, M. Russo, K. Snow, and P. Comer, editors. 2010-2019a. Divisions, Macrogroups and Groups for the Revised U.S. National Vegetation Classification. NatureServe, Arlington, VA. plus appendices. [in preparation]
- Gagne, W. C., and L. W. Cuddihy. 1990. Vegetation. Pages 45-114 in: W. L. Wagner, D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer, editors. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. 2 volumes. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
- Loope, L. L., R. J. Nagata, and A. C. Medeiros. 1992. Alien plants in Haleakala National Park. In: C. P. Stone, C. W. Smith, and T. Tunison, editors. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and research. Cooperative National Park Resources Study Unit, Department of Botany Technical Report. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.