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CEGL006578 Peltandra virginica - Schoenoplectus (pungens, tabernaemontani) Tidal Marsh
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Arrow-arum - (Common Threesquare, Softstem Bulrush) Vegetation
Colloquial Name: No Data Available
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This sparsely to densely vegetated herbaceous community occurs in low intertidal portions of marshes along tidal rivers and large tributaries in Virginia. It occupies both narrow zones along channel edges in chiefly freshwater regimes and in local subsidence areas in the interior of small to large marshes under freshwater to oligohaline conditions. Peltandra virginica is a constant and typically dominant or codominant constituent. Most stands also contain Schoenoplectus pungens or Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani. Other common associates include Polygonum punctatum, Zizania aquatica, Leersia oryzoides, Pontederia cordata, and in freshwater habitats Eleocharis quadrangulata. Stature of prevailing vegetation is generally <1 m, but emergent stems of Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani or Zizania aquatica may reach 2 m.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This community exhibits considerable variation in composition and structure, largely as functions of prevailing salinity and hydroperiod. ~Schoenoplectus pungens Tidal Salt Marsh (CEGL004188)$$ forms similarly narrow patches and occupies similar habitats along channel margins, as do freshwater variants of this association, but is typically much less diverse and is restricted to gravelly or otherwise coarse-textured substrates on shorelines frequently subject to ice-scour. ~Peltandra virginica - Pontederia cordata Tidal Marsh (CEGL004706)$$ occurs in similarly low landscape positions, often adjacent to open water, but generally lacks emergent graminoids (Schoenoplectus spp., Eleocharis quadrangulata) as important associates, and patches are not characteristically linear. This type is documented by more than 20 vegetation plots from the James, Mattaponi, Pamunkey, Potomac, Rappahannock and York river drainages in Virginia.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Composition, species richness, stem density and vegetation cover differ between freshwater and oligohaline variants. Peltandra virginica is a constant and generally dominant or codominant species in all stands. Where this vegetation forms narrow bands under freshwater conditions, Schoenoplectus pungens or Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani typically attains high cover and density. Eleocharis quadrangulata and Pontederia cordata are codominant; common associates include Leersia oryzoides, Polygonum punctatum, Polygonum arifolium, Zizania aquatica, Bidens laevis, Asclepias incarnata, Amaranthus cannabinus, Impatiens capensis, Nuphar advena (= Nuphar lutea ssp. advena), Dulichium arundinaceum, Sagittaria latifolia, Galium obtusum, and the exotic Murdannia keisak. In rare instances Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (= Schoenoplectus fluviatilis) or Schoenoplectus americanus may share dominance. Oligohaline variants are typically less diverse and more sparsely vegetated, although Schoenoplectus pungens or Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani may attain high cover. Characteristic associates include Polygonum punctatum, Zizania aquatica, Echinochloa walteri, Hibiscus moscheutos, Leersia oryzoides, Pluchea odorata, Amaranthus cannabinus, Rumex verticillatus, and Pontederia cordata.
Dynamics: It is not known whether occurrences of this vegetation under oligohaline conditions in subsidence zones in the interior of marshes represent a distinct, persistent community type or a variant of the surrounding vegetation mosaic in which local subsidence has produced an ephemeral change in composition and structure. In freshwater environments this community may grade into ~Nuphar advena Tidal Marsh (CEGL004472)$$ toward main channels and ~Peltandra virginica - Pontederia cordata Tidal Marsh (CEGL004706)$$ landward. Narrow bands of this association (CEGL006578) often form adjacent to extensive stands of ~Spartina cynosuroides Salt Marsh (CEGL004195)$$ in oligohaline environments.
Environmental Description: This association occurs in two distinct environments. Along freshwater to slightly oligohaline stretches of tidal rivers and large tidal tributaries, it forms narrow (typically 5- to 10-m) bands in the low intertidal zone adjacent to channel margins. This community also occupies small (generally <0.3 ha) depressions or open mudflats near the mouths of tidal guts or in the interior of marshes, where subsidence has locally lowered the level of the substrate and consequently increased the duration of inundation from diurnal lunar tides. If they are not proximate to an interior channel, such subsidence zones may not drain completely during every tidal cycle, thus resulting in a different salinity regime than the surrounding higher marsh. In prevailing fresh to slightly oligohaline conditions, these patches may concentrate salt, but more typically, lenses of less saline water may persist under a strongly oligohaline to mesohaline regime. Under both sets of environmental conditions, the substrate consists of mucky clay or fine-textured silt, often with abundant organic matter.
Geographic Range: This association has been documented from several tidal river systems in Virginia. Its potential occurrence outside Virginia has not been evaluated.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: VA
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.802182
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNR
Greasons: No Data Available
Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
---|---|---|---|
Class | 2 Shrub & Herb Vegetation Class | C02 | 2 |
Subclass | 2.C Shrub & Herb Wetland Subclass | S44 | 2.C |
Formation | 2.C.4 Temperate to Polar Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Formation | F013 | 2.C.4 |
Division | 2.C.4.Ne Atlantic & Gulf Coastal Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Division | D322 | 2.C.4.Ne |
Macrogroup | 2.C.4.Ne.1 Annual Wild Rice - Saltmeadow Cordgrass - Pickerelweed Fresh-Oligohaline Tidal Marsh Macrogroup | M066 | 2.C.4.Ne.1 |
Group | 2.C.4.Ne.1.c <i>Zizania aquatica - Spartina patens - Amaranthus cannabinus</i> Freshwater Tidal Marsh Group | G914 | 2.C.4.Ne.1.c |
Alliance | A4017 Green Arrow-arum - Pickerelweed - Arrowhead species Oligohaline Tidal Marsh Alliance | A4017 | 2.C.4.Ne.1.c |
Association | CEGL006578 Arrow-arum - (Common Threesquare, Softstem Bulrush) Vegetation | CEGL006578 | 2.C.4.Ne.1.c |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: > Eleocharis quadrangulata - Pontederia cordata - Schoenoplectus (pungens, tabernaemontani) (Coulling 2002)
> Peltandra virginica - Echinochloa walteri - Schoenoplectus (pungens, tabernaemontani) (Coulling 2002)
? Schoenoplectus pungens Tidal Herbaceous Vegetation (Fleming et al. 2007b)
> Peltandra virginica - Echinochloa walteri - Schoenoplectus (pungens, tabernaemontani) (Coulling 2002)
? Schoenoplectus pungens Tidal Herbaceous Vegetation (Fleming et al. 2007b)
- Coulling, P. P. 2002. A preliminary classification of tidal marsh, shrub swamp, and hardwood swamp vegetation and assorted non-tidal, chiefly non-maritime, herbaceous wetland communities of the Virginia Coastal Plain. October 2002. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage. Natural Heritage Technical Report 02-18. 30 pp.
- Eastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boston, MA.
- Fleming, G. P. 2001a. Community types of Coastal Plain calcareous ravines in Virginia. Preliminary analysis and classification. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA. 4 pp.
- Fleming, G. P., K. D. Patterson, and K. Taverna. 2017. The natural communities of Virginia: A classification of ecological community groups and community types. Third approximation. Version 3.0. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA. [http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-communities/]
- Fleming, G. P., K. Taverna, and P. P. Coulling. 2007b. Vegetation classification for the National Capitol Region parks, eastern region. Regional (VA-MD-DC) analysis prepared for NatureServe and USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program, March 2007. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond.
- Patterson, K. D. 2008c. Vegetation classification and mapping at Colonial National Historical Park, Virginia. Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR--2008/129. National Park Service, Philadelphia, PA. 369 pp.