Print Report

CEGL006467 Cladium mariscoides - Eriocaulon decangulare - Eriophorum virginicum Fen

Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Smooth Sawgrass - Ten-angle Pipewort - Tawny Cottongrass Fen

Colloquial Name: Smooth Sawgrass Peat Mat

Hierarchy Level:  Association

Type Concept: This unique community occurs in isolated patches on the western shore of Delaware Bay on deep, mucky peat that forms in open-water depressions, impoundments, and seeps within a shrub-dominated swamp matrix. A relatively thick Sphagnum layer is characteristic of this community. Cladium mariscoides is the dominant herb. Associate herbaceous plant species include Eriocaulon decangulare, Andropogon glomeratus var. hirsutior, Eriophorum virginicum, Bidens coronata, Sagittaria engelmanniana, Sagittaria latifolia, Rhynchospora alba, Spiranthes cernua, Eleocharis robbinsii, Dulichium arundinaceum, Lycopus amplectens, Bartonia paniculata, Woodwardia areolata, Bidens mitis, Juncus pelocarpus, Pogonia ophioglossoides, and Fuirena squarrosa. Several insectivorous plants are also present within this community: Sarracenia purpurea, Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera intermedia, Utricularia striata, and Utricularia juncea. Scattered shrubs, including Smilax walteri, Smilax laurifolia, Clethra alnifolia, Alnus maritima, and Vaccinium corymbosum, are present along the edges of the peat mat community along with occasional Acer rubrum seedlings and saplings.

Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: This peat mat community may be closely related to a sea level fen located along Peter''s Creek in Cape May County in New Jersey.

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: Cladium mariscoides is the dominant herb. Associate herbaceous plant species include Eriocaulon decangulare, Andropogon glomeratus var. hirsutior, Eriophorum virginicum, Bidens coronata, Sagittaria engelmanniana, Sagittaria latifolia, Fuirena squarrosa, Rhynchospora alba, Spiranthes cernua, Eleocharis robbinsii, Dulichium arundinaceum, Lycopus amplectens, Bartonia paniculata, Woodwardia areolata, Bidens mitis, Juncus pelocarpus, and Pogonia ophioglossoides. Several insectivorous plants are also present within this community: Sarracenia purpurea, Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera intermedia, Utricularia striata (= Utricularia fibrosa), and Utricularia juncea. Scattered shrubs, including Smilax walteri, Smilax laurifolia, Clethra alnifolia, Alnus maritima, and Vaccinium corymbosum, are present along the edges of the peat mat community along with occasional Acer rubrum seedlings and saplings.

Dynamics:  This plant community will not likely persist, as it may be just one stage in the classic example of succession from open water to peatland to forested wetland. Therefore, in order to maintain this habitat and the state-rare plants that occur here, management is needed. In particular, control of woody vegetation invading along the perimeter as well as in the interior of this habitat is needed. It is recommended that during the fall to early winter months, woody vegetation should be cut and bare stumps treated with an appropriate herbicide. Management during this time will ensure that trampling of sensitive plants will be minimal. In addition, the non-native subspecies common reed (Phragmites australis ssp. australis) is well-established here in the southwestern end of the site. This subspecies should be a priority for control in order to prevent its inevitable spread throughout the site.

Environmental Description:  This highly distinctive community occurs on deep, mucky peat that forms in open-water depressions, impoundments, and seeps within a shrub-dominated swamp matrix. These sites are floristically diverse and support many state (Delaware) and globally rare plant species and have the look and feel of true "quaking bogs" with a thick Sphagnum mat.

Geographic Range: This community occurs in isolated patches on the western shore of Delaware Bay.

Nations: US

States/Provinces:  DE, NJ




Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: GNR

Greasons: No Data Available


Concept Lineage: No Data Available

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: No Data Available

Concept Author(s): W. McAvoy and R. Coxe

Author of Description: E. Largay

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 12-11-06

  • Eastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boston, MA.