Print Report

CEGL006483 Eragrostis hypnoides - Ludwigia palustris - Lindernia dubia - Cyperus squarrosus Riverbar Wet Meadow

Type Concept Sentence: This drawdown shore natural community occurs along major rivers in the Piedmont and mountains of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia; characteristic herbs include Eragrostis hypnoides, Ludwigia palustris, Lindernia dubia var. dubia, and Cyperus squarrosus with other annuals and perennials.


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Teal Lovegrass - Marsh Seedbox - Yellowseed False Pimpernel - Bearded Flatsedge Riverbar Wet Meadow

Colloquial Name: Appalachian-Atlantic Riverbar Drawdown Shore

Hierarchy Level:  Association

Type Concept: This association occurs along major rivers in the Piedmont and mountains of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia. It occupies the lowest parts of riverbanks or very low rivershore depositional bars in areas that receive essentially full sunlight. These habitats are inundated for most of the winter and spring and are generally consistently exposed only from early summer to early autumn (i.e., the "drawdown" zone). During wet years they may be nearly continuously inundated. The type usually occurs as a narrow strip (frequently <2 m wide) along the shoreline. This association may also develop, sometimes as very large (>1 ha) patches, on the drawdown shores and seasonally exposed islands of impounded rivers. Vegetation of stands varies from sparse to dense (10-80% cover) and is characterized by low-growing mats of predominantly annual species, with some low, fast-growing perennials also present. Eragrostis hypnoides, Ludwigia palustris, Lindernia dubia var. dubia, and Cyperus squarrosus are constant and often abundant. Other characteristic annuals (and biennials) are Acalypha rhomboidea, Ammannia coccinea, Artemisia annua, Bidens frondosa, Chamaesyce humistrata, Chamaesyce maculata, Dysphania ambrosioides, Cyperus bipartitus, Cyperus odoratus, Diodia virginiana, Echinochloa crus-galli, Eclipta prostrata, Elsholtzia ciliata, Eragrostis frankii, Fimbristylis autumnalis, Hypericum mutilum, Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea, Lindernia dubia var. dubia, Lipocarpha micrantha, Mollugo verticillata, Panicum dichotomiflorum var. dichotomiflorum, Panicum gattingeri, Paspalum fluitans, Polygonum cespitosum var. longisetum, Rorippa palustris ssp. fernaldiana, Rotala ramosior, Solanum ptycanthum, and Xanthium strumarium. Frequent perennials include Boehmeria cylindrica, Cyperus strigosus, Leersia virginica, Justicia americana, Lycopus americanus, Mimulus alatus, Penthorum sedoides, Phyla lanceolata, Rorippa sylvestris, and Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus. Stranded mats of Heteranthera dubia are also frequent. Seedlings of taller annuals and perennials such as Hibiscus laevis, Eupatorium spp., and Polygonum spp. are also frequent but rarely reach full stature. Overhanging trees of Platanus occidentalis and Acer saccharinum may be present, as well as saplings of Betula nigra.

Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: The classification is supported by analysis of data from 25 plots collected for the National Capital Region Parks project, three plots collected along the Roanoke River in southern Virginia, and one plot from the New River in West Virginia. Many of the annual species which characterize this association are also common in ~Salix nigra - Betula nigra / Schoenoplectus pungens Riverscour Shrubland (CEGL006463)$$ and ~Peltandra virginica - Saururus cernuus - Boehmeria cylindrica / Climacium americanum Marsh (CEGL007696)$$, and distinction between these types may depend on the size of the sampled patch.

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: With the exception of several semi-aquatic perennial species, the short periods of exposure and heavy disturbance regime select for opportunistic, non-competitive annual species and low, short-lived, fast-growing perennials, all of which can grow and reproduce quickly. It would be expected that many species in this community type have relatively long-lived seedbanks and, possibly, specialized germination requirements. Vegetation of stands varies from sparse to dense (10-80% cover) and is characterized by low-growing mats of predominantly annual species. Eragrostis hypnoides, Ludwigia palustris, Lindernia dubia var. dubia, and Cyperus squarrosus are constant and often abundant. Other characteristic annuals (and biennials) are Acalypha rhomboidea, Ammannia coccinea, Artemisia annua, Bidens frondosa, Chamaesyce humistrata, Chamaesyce maculata, Dysphania ambrosioides (= Chenopodium ambrosioides), Cyperus bipartitus, Cyperus odoratus, Diodia virginiana, Echinochloa crus-galli, Eclipta prostrata, Elsholtzia ciliata, Eragrostis frankii, Fimbristylis autumnalis, Hypericum mutilum, Lindernia dubia var. anagallidea, Lindernia dubia var. dubia, Lipocarpha micrantha, Mollugo verticillata, Panicum dichotomiflorum var. dichotomiflorum, Panicum gattingeri (= Panicum philadelphicum ssp. gattingeri), Paspalum fluitans, Polygonum cespitosum var. longisetum, Rorippa palustris ssp. fernaldiana, Rotala ramosior, Solanum ptycanthum, and Xanthium strumarium. Frequent perennials include Boehmeria cylindrica, Cyperus strigosus, Leersia virginica, Justicia americana, Lycopus americanus, Mimulus alatus, Penthorum sedoides, Phyla lanceolata, Rorippa sylvestris, and Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus. Stranded mats of Heteranthera dubia (= Zosterella dubia) are also frequent. Seedlings of taller annuals and perennials such as Hibiscus laevis, Eupatorium spp., and Polygonum spp. are also frequent but rarely reach full stature. A variant of this community in the Potomac River drainage is characterized primarily by low, rhizomatous colonies of Eleocharis tenuis. Species that are more characteristic of the James River and Roanoke River occurrences in central and southern Virginia include Cyperus flavicomus, Cyperus erythrorhizos, Ludwigia decurrens, Paspalum dissectum, Rorippa sessiliflora, and Sagittaria calycina var. calycina. Overhanging trees of Platanus occidentalis and Acer saccharinum may be present, as well as saplings of Betula nigra.

Dynamics:  Patches may be highly ephemeral, but this association will likely persist on the landscape under natural or altered flooding regimes.

Environmental Description:  Natural occurrences of this community occupy the lowest parts of riverbanks or very low rivershore depositional bars in areas that receive essentially full sunlight. It occurs on eroded riverbanks and wet beaches and may also occur in back channels and sloughs. These habitats are inundated for most of the winter and spring and are generally consistently exposed only from early summer to early autumn (i.e., the "drawdown" zone). During wet years they may be nearly continuously inundated. The type usually occurs as a narrow strip (frequently <2 m wide) along the shoreline. Though more frequently flooded than higher depositional bars that support tall annual or perennial herbaceous vegetation, the habitats of this type probably experience lesser amounts of sediment turnover (erosion and deposition) during a flood of a given magnitude (i.e., are less stochastically disturbed). Soils are usually deep to somewhat shallow sandy loams, loamy sands, or silt loams that are likely saturated to near the surface throughout the growing season. They would likely be classified as Entisols and generally have high pH (7.0), high calcium levels, and are 100% base-saturated. Mean particle size (phi) of samples collected from several Potomac River sites is 2.7 to 1.9. This association may also develop, sometimes as very large (>1 ha) patches, on the drawdown shores and seasonally exposed islands of impounded rivers, e.g., at the upper end of the John H. Kerr Reservoir on the Roanoke River in Halifax, Mecklenburg, and Charlotte counties, Virginia.

Geographic Range: This community occurs along major rivers in the Piedmont and mountains of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia. It is definitely known from the Potomac, Shenandoah, Monocacy, New, James, and Roanoke rivers, and likely occurs in other drainages of the region.

Nations: US

States/Provinces:  DC, MD, VA, WV




Confidence Level: Moderate

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: G3

Greasons: No Data Available


Concept Lineage: No Data Available

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: = Eragrostis hypnoides - Lindernia dubia - Ludwigia palustris Herbaceous Vegetation (Lea 2000)
> Eragrostis hypnoides - Ludwigia palustris - Cyperus squarrosus Herbaceous Vegetation (Lea 2003)
= Eragrostis hypnoides - Ludwigia palustris - Lindernia dubia - Cyperus squarrosus Herbaceous Vegetation (Fleming and Taverna 2006)
> Panicum rigidulum - Eleocharis tenuis - Phyla lanceolata Herbaceous Vegetation (Lea 2003)

Concept Author(s): C. Lea (2000)

Author of Description: C. Lea, G.P. Fleming, S.C. Gawler

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 12-20-06

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  • Fleming, G. P. 2002b. Preliminary classification of Piedmont & Inner Coastal Plain vegetation types in Virginia. Natural Heritage Technical Report 02-14. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond. 29 pp.
  • Fleming, G. P. 2007. Ecological communities of the Potomac Gorge in Virginia: Composition, floristics, and environmental dynamics. Natural Heritage Technical Report 07-12. Unpublished report submitted to the National Park Service. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond. 341 pp. plus appendices.
  • Fleming, G. P., K. D. Patterson, and K. Taverna. 2017. The natural communities of Virginia: A classification of ecological community groups and community types. Third approximation. Version 3.0. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA. [http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-communities/]
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  • Fleming, G. P., and K. Taverna. 2006. Vegetation classification for the National Capitol Region parks, western region. Regional (VA-WVA-MD-DC) analysis prepared for NatureServe and USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program, March 2006. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond.
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  • Lea, C. 2000. Plant communities of the Potomac Gorge and their relationship to fluvial factors. M.S. thesis, George Mason University. Fairfax, VA. 219 pp.
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  • Vanderhorst, J. P., J. Jeuck, and S. C. Gawler. 2007. Vegetation classification and mapping of New River Gorge National River, West Virginia. Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR-2007/092. National Park Service, Philadelphia, PA. 396 pp.
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