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CEGL001228 Salix (farriae, planifolia) / Carex utriculata Wet Shrubland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: (Farr''s Willow, Diamondleaf Willow) / Northwest Territory Sedge Wet Shrubland
Colloquial Name: No Data Available
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This association is a short (less than 1 m tall) willow shrub fen infrequently occurring in the subalpine and alpine zones between 793-1710 m (2600-5600 feet) in the southern Thompson-Okanogan Plateau, Canadian Rockies, and northernmost East Cascades. This community is associated with very low-gradient streams, in very broad, very low-gradient valleys, typically on sedge-peat soil. The diagnostic shrub species, Salix farriae or Salix planifolia ssp. planifolia, are dominant and may appear with other short willows, including Salix hookeriana. Some stands may have a mix of the diagnostic Salix species, while others may have only one or the other. Sedges, either Carex utriculata or Carex aquatilis var. dives, have moderate cover, exceeding 10% and dominate the herbaceous layer often with Calamagrostis canadensis or Comarum palustre.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This association is defined as a PNV vegetation type. If it were renamed as a dominance type, the species would include Salix farriae, Vaccinium cespitosum, Betula glandulosa, and Kalmia microphylla. This type was originally designated Salix planifolia / Carex aquatilis - Carex utriculata (Bourgeron and Engelking 1994, Mutz and Queiroz 1983). Recently Salix farriae was added to the name and Carex aquatilis removed to account for stands inventoried by Kovalchik (1993, 2001). Kovalchik (2001) lists the diagnostic species as Salix farriae, Carex utriculata, and Carex aquatilis var. dives, with Calamagrostis canadensis and Comarum palustre (= Potentilla palustris) having high constancy. This differs from Hansen et al.''s (1995) (56 plots) Salix planifolia / Carex aquatilis association, with diagnostics of Salix planifolia ssp. planifolia (= Salix planifolia var. monica), Salix commutata, Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis, Carex utriculata, Deschampsia cespitosa, and Pedicularis groenlandica. In Hansen et al.''s (1995) plots, Salix farriae had 20% constancy (11 plots out of 56) and 1% average cover. From this it is concluded that ~Salix (farriae, planifolia) / Carex utriculata Wet Shrubland (CEGL001228)$$ occurs at lower elevations and on milder sites (by indicator plants) than ~Salix planifolia / Carex aquatilis Wet Shrubland (CEGL001227)$$.
The Salix planifolia var. monica / Carex aquatilis - Carex utriculata of Mutz and Queiroz (1983) is what is recognized in Idaho and is included here in this type. In this, Carex utriculata dominates half the stands, Carex aquatilis and Carex utriculata codominate the other half. Betula nana, Salix eastwoodiae, Salix wolfii, Lonicera caerulea, and/or Vaccinium uliginosum are often present, but Salix farriae is not. The 2 plots with Salix planifolia var. monica of Kovalchik (2001) may be the ~Salix planifolia / Carex aquatilis Wet Shrubland (CEGL001227)$$ of Hansen et al. (1995).
From the above review of plots and literature, it is not clear if the stands with Salix farriae should be split out into a different Salix farriae / Carex utriculata association. It appears that this may be a different and more restricted type, but more inventory work is necessary to clarify the relationship between these communities. For now, this association is defined to include both Salix farriae and Salix planifolia stands (or mixes of the two), with understories with Carex utriculata as the diagnostic graminoid.
The Salix planifolia var. monica / Carex aquatilis - Carex utriculata of Mutz and Queiroz (1983) is what is recognized in Idaho and is included here in this type. In this, Carex utriculata dominates half the stands, Carex aquatilis and Carex utriculata codominate the other half. Betula nana, Salix eastwoodiae, Salix wolfii, Lonicera caerulea, and/or Vaccinium uliginosum are often present, but Salix farriae is not. The 2 plots with Salix planifolia var. monica of Kovalchik (2001) may be the ~Salix planifolia / Carex aquatilis Wet Shrubland (CEGL001227)$$ of Hansen et al. (1995).
From the above review of plots and literature, it is not clear if the stands with Salix farriae should be split out into a different Salix farriae / Carex utriculata association. It appears that this may be a different and more restricted type, but more inventory work is necessary to clarify the relationship between these communities. For now, this association is defined to include both Salix farriae and Salix planifolia stands (or mixes of the two), with understories with Carex utriculata as the diagnostic graminoid.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The diagnostic shrub species, Salix farriae or Salix planifolia ssp. planifolia (= Salix planifolia var. monica), are dominant and may appear with other short willows, including Salix hookeriana (= Salix piperi). Some stands may have a mix of the diagnostic Salix species, while others may have only one or the other. Sedges, either Carex utriculata or Carex aquatilis var. dives, have moderate cover, exceeding 10% and dominate the herbaceous layer often with Calamagrostis canadensis or Comarum palustre.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This association is a short (less than 1 m tall) willow shrub fen infrequently occurring in the subalpine and alpine zones between 793-1710 m (2600-5600 feet) in the southern Thompson-Okanogan Plateau, Canadian Rockies, and northernmost East Cascades. This community is associated with very low-gradient streams, in very broad, very low-gradient valleys, typically on sedge-peat soil.
Geographic Range: This association is located in northeastern Washington and northern Idaho, and northernmost East Cascades.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: ID, MT, WA
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.688758
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3G4
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 2 Shrub & Herb Vegetation Class | C02 | 2 |
| Subclass | 2.C Shrub & Herb Wetland Subclass | S44 | 2.C |
| Formation | 2.C.4 Temperate to Polar Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Formation | F013 | 2.C.4 |
| Division | 2.C.4.Nb Western North American Temperate Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Division | D031 | 2.C.4.Nb |
| Macrogroup | 2.C.4.Nb.5 Sitka Alder - Booth''s Willow / Northwest Territory Sedge Montane Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Macrogroup | M893 | 2.C.4.Nb.5 |
| Group | 2.C.4.Nb.5.d Willow species - Alder species - Water Birch Riparian & Seep Shrubland Group | G527 | 2.C.4.Nb.5.d |
| Alliance | A3770 Wolf''s Willow - Short-fruit Willow - Resin Birch Wet Shrubland Alliance | A3770 | 2.C.4.Nb.5.d |
| Association | CEGL001228 (Farr''s Willow, Diamondleaf Willow) / Northwest Territory Sedge Wet Shrubland | CEGL001228 | 2.C.4.Nb.5.d |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Salix farriae / Carex utriculata Association (Kovalchik 1993) [Plot #5, p. 106.]
- Bourgeron, P. S., and L. D. Engelking, editors. 1994. A preliminary vegetation classification of the western United States. Unpublished report. The Nature Conservancy, Western Heritage Task Force, Boulder, CO. 175 pp. plus appendix.
- Hansen, P. L., R. D. Pfister, K. Boggs, B. J. Cook, J. Joy, and D. K. Hinckley. 1995. Classification and management of Montana''s riparian and wetland sites. Miscellaneous Publication No. 54. Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, School of Forestry, University of Montana. 646 pp. plus posters.
- IDCDC [Idaho Conservation Data Center]. No date. Unpublished data on file at Idaho Conservation Data Center, Department of Fish and Game, Boise, ID.
- Kovalchik, B. L. 1993. Riparian plant associations on the national forests of eastern Washington - Draft version 1. USDA Forest Service, Colville National Forest, Colville, WA. 203 pp.
- Kovalchik, B. L. 2001. Classification and management of aquatic, riparian and wetland sites on the national forests of eastern Washington. Part 1: The series descriptions. 429 pp. plus appendix. [http://www.reo.gov/col/wetland_classification/wetland_classification.pdf]
- MTNHP [Montana Natural Heritage Program]. 2002b. List of ecological communities for Montana. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Montana State Library, Helena, MT.
- Mutz, K. M., and J. Queiroz. 1983. Riparian community classification for the Centennial Mountains and South Fork Salmon River, Idaho. Unpublished report prepared for USDA Forest Service Intermountain Region under contract 53-84M8-2-0048 by Meiiji Resource Consultants, Layton, UT. 168 pp.
- WNHP [Washington Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data files. Washington Natural Heritage Program, Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA.
- Western Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boulder, CO.