Print Report
CEGL007944 Pinus strobus Ruderal Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Eastern White Pine Ruderal Forest
Colloquial Name: Ruderal Eastern White Pine Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This is an early-successional forest dominated by Pinus strobus, typically with a very dense canopy and little understory. It is considered ruderal because it is commonly associated with anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., former old fields and formerly cleared flats along streams) that have caused a mix of species not found with natural disturbances. Associated woody and herbaceous species vary with geography. In the northeastern states, the tree canopy is often monotypic and even-aged, with occasional associates including Acer rubrum, Juniperus virginiana, Liriodendron tulipifera (within its range), or scattered Quercus rubra or Quercus velutina. In regions where northern hardwoods are more prevalent, canopy associates include Fraxinus americana and Acer saccharum. In the Southern Blue Ridge and nearby areas, typical canopy and subcanopy associates include Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer rubrum, Pinus rigida, and Liquidambar styraciflua, with Tsuga canadensis often forming a dense shrub stratum. The understory is typically poorly developed or characterized by scattered individuals found in the canopy. The herbaceous cover is variable depending on the density of tree and shrub cover, and may be characterized by ruderal or exotic species that favor openings or disturbance. In more open stands, typical species are those associated with old fields, including Solidago rugosa, Solidago gigantea, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Poa pratensis, Schizachyrium scoparium, Elymus repens, Bromus inermis, Agrostis gigantea, Euthamia graminifolia, Achillea millefolium, and Daucus carota. In stands that are more heavily forested, typical herbs include Aralia nudicaulis, Ageratina altissima, Galium triflorum, Maianthemum canadense, Trientalis borealis, Mitchella repens, Polystichum acrostichoides, and Lycopodium species. The particular composition of the herb layer will vary with geography. The substrate is usually covered by a thick layer of pine needle duff. In the Daniel Boone National Forest of Kentucky, Pinus strobus is spreading from plantings, especially in the Red River Gorge.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This semi-natural type may be expected to occur throughout the range of the alliance but has primarily been attributed in areas where The Nature Conservancy ecoregional planning or other project-specific needs have documented its occurrence. Rangewide review should greatly expand its geographic scope. Association may need to be split based on northern hardwood associates and central hardwood associates.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The tree canopy ranges from woodland to forest closure, with 25-85% cover. It is often monotypic and even-aged Pinus strobus, with occasional associates, including Acer rubrum, Betula lenta, Juniperus virginiana, or scattered Quercus rubra or Quercus velutina. In regions where northern hardwoods are more prevalent, canopy associates include Fraxinus americana and Acer saccharum. In the Southern Blue Ridge and nearby areas, typical canopy and subcanopy associates include Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer rubrum, Pinus rigida, and Liquidambar styraciflua, with Tsuga canadensis often forming a dense shrub stratum. The understory is poorly developed or characterized by scattered individuals found in the canopy. Shrubs are often present in the more open stands and include native species, such as Cornus racemosa, Rhus glabra, Viburnum prunifolium, and Rubus spp., as well as exotics, such as Elaeagnus umbellata, Rosa multiflora, Lonicera morrowii, and Berberis thunbergii. The herbaceous cover is variable depending on the density of tree and shrub cover, and may be characterized by ruderal or exotic species that favor openings or disturbance. In more open stands, typical species are those associated with old fields, such as Solidago rugosa, Solidago gigantea, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Poa pratensis, Schizachyrium scoparium, Elymus repens (= Elytrigia repens), Bromus inermis, Agrostis gigantea, Euthamia graminifolia, Achillea millefolium, and Daucus carota. In stands that are more heavily forested, typical herbs include Aralia nudicaulis, Ageratina altissima, Galium triflorum, Maianthemum canadense, Medeola virginiana, Polystichum acrostichoides, Trientalis borealis, Mitchella repens, and Lycopodium species. The particular composition of the herb layer will vary with geography. The substrate is usually covered by a thick layer of pine needle duff.
Dynamics: In the Daniel Boone National Forest of Kentucky, Pinus strobus is spreading from plantings, especially in the Red River Gorge.
Environmental Description: This wide-ranging semi-natural forest is commonly associated with anthropogenic disturbance. It typically occurs on former agricultural lands and old fields that are no longer intensively mowed, plowed or managed, developing as Pinus strobus colonizes the open fields. Associated woody and herbaceous species vary with geography but are typically ruderal or exotic species that favor openings or disturbance.
Geographic Range: This semi-natural type may be expected to occur throughout the range of the alliance (i.e., from Michigan, northern Wisconsin, northern and eastern Minnesota, extreme northeastern Iowa, and from Maine and New Hampshire south to Georgia and Tennessee, as well as in Ontario, Canada). It has been documented primarily in areas where project-specific needs have required it.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: CT, GA, KY, MA, MD?, ME, MI, MN, NC, NH, NJ?, NY, OH?, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT, WI, WV
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.688308
Confidence Level: High
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNA
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.90 Black Locust - Tuliptree - Norway Maple Ruderal Forest Macrogroup | M013 | 1.B.2.Na.90 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.90.a Eastern Red-cedar - Tuliptree / Tatarian Honeysuckle Ruderal Forest Group | G030 | 1.B.2.Na.90.a |
| Alliance | A3227 Eastern Red-cedar - Virginia Pine - Shortleaf Pine Ruderal Forest Alliance | A3227 | 1.B.2.Na.90.a |
| Association | CEGL007944 Eastern White Pine Ruderal Forest | CEGL007944 | 1.B.2.Na.90.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Pinus strobus / (Diphasiastrum digitatum, Lycopodium obscurum) forest (Vanderhorst 2001b)
= Eastern White Pine Successional Forest (Edinger et al. 2014b)
< Semi-Natural (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
< White Pine - White Oak - Chestnut Oak Type (Schmalzer and DeSelm 1982)
= Eastern White Pine Successional Forest (Edinger et al. 2014b)
< Semi-Natural (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
< White Pine - White Oak - Chestnut Oak Type (Schmalzer and DeSelm 1982)
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