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CEGL002225 Schoenoplectus acutus - (Bolboschoenus fluviatilis) Freshwater Marsh
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Hardstem Bulrush - (River Bulrush) Freshwater Marsh
Colloquial Name: Freshwater Bulrush Marsh
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This hardstem bulrush - mixed bulrush community type is found mainly in the northeastern Great Plains and northern tallgrass prairie region of the United States and Canada. Stands occur on wetland sites that are flooded for most or all of the growing season. Soils can be largely mineral or contain significant organic matter. Tall graminoids, particularly Schoenoplectus acutus and, less frequently, Bolboschoenus fluviatilis, dominate the vegetation. These two species may grow taller than 2 m and sometimes nearly exclude other species. Other species that can be present include Carex atherodes (especially in the shallower parts of the community), Lemna spp., Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Typha latifolia, and Utricularia macrorhiza. Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani can be codominant in places.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Separation of pure bulrush marsh types from mixed emergent marsh types may be difficult. Iowa shallow marsh may better fit with ~Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani - Typha spp. - (Sparganium spp., Juncus spp.) Marsh (CEGL002026)$$. In many places, including at Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani is dominant.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Tall hydrophytic graminoids, particularly Schoenoplectus acutus (= Scirpus acutus) and, less frequently, Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (= Scirpus fluviatilis), dominate the vegetation. These two species may grow taller that 2 m (Weaver 1960) and sometimes nearly exclude other species. Other species that can be present include Carex atherodes (especially in the shallower parts of the community), Lemna spp., Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (= Scirpus tabernaemontani), Typha latifolia, and Utricularia macrorhiza (= Utricularia vulgaris). Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani can be a codominant in places. Floating-leaved and submergent plants have low cover (Harris et al. 1996). This community often occurs as dense stands with interspersed channels or pools of open water.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This community is found on wetland sites that are flooded for most or all of the growing season. Weaver (1960) found abundant Schoenoplectus acutus in water 0.3-1.6 m deep. Soils are mostly mineral but can contain significant organic matter (Harris et al. 1996). Dix and Smeins (1967) found the soils to be humic gleys and mucks in North Dakota.
Geographic Range: This hardstem bulrush - mixed bulrush community type is found mainly in the northeastern Great Plains and northern tallgrass prairie region of the United States and Canada, from Minnesota and Ontario west to Manitoba and south to the Dakotas.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: MB, ND, SD
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.687407
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4G5
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 2 Shrub & Herb Vegetation Class | C02 | 2 |
| Subclass | 2.C Shrub & Herb Wetland Subclass | S44 | 2.C |
| Formation | 2.C.4 Temperate to Polar Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Formation | F013 | 2.C.4 |
| Division | 2.C.4.Nd Eastern North American Temperate Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Division | D323 | 2.C.4.Nd |
| Macrogroup | 2.C.4.Nd.5 Prairie Cordgrass - Cattail species - Bulrush species Great Plains Marsh, Wet Meadow, Shrubland & Playa Macrogroup | M071 | 2.C.4.Nd.5 |
| Group | 2.C.4.Nd.5.a Cattail species - Chairmaker''s Bulrush - Common Rivergrass Great Plains Freshwater Marsh Group | G325 | 2.C.4.Nd.5.a |
| Alliance | A3486 Hardstem Bulrush - Saltmarsh Clubrush - Softstem Bulrush Marsh Alliance | A3486 | 2.C.4.Nd.5.a |
| Association | CEGL002225 Hardstem Bulrush - (River Bulrush) Freshwater Marsh | CEGL002225 | 2.C.4.Nd.5.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Schoenoplectus acutus - (Schoenoplectus fluviatilis) Freshwater Herbaceous Vegetation (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
< Marshes (Dix and Smeins 1967)
= Sedge zone, pothole and drainage community (Brotherson 1969) [uncertain if equivalent]
< Semipermanent ponds and lakes, slightly brackish, central deep-marsh zone (Stewart and Kantrud 1971)
< Swamps (Weaver 1960)
< Marshes (Dix and Smeins 1967)
= Sedge zone, pothole and drainage community (Brotherson 1969) [uncertain if equivalent]
< Semipermanent ponds and lakes, slightly brackish, central deep-marsh zone (Stewart and Kantrud 1971)
< Swamps (Weaver 1960)
- Brotherson, J. D. 1969. Species composition, distribution, and phytosociology of Kaslow Prairie, a mesic tallgrass prairie in Iowa. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames. 196 pp.
- CDPNQ [Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec]. No date. Unpublished data. Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec, Québec.
- Dix, R. L., and F. E. Smeins. 1967. The prairies, meadows, and marsh vegetation of Nelson County, North Dakota. Canadian Journal of Botany 45:21-58.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Greenall, J. A. 1996. Manitoba''s terrestrial plant communities. MS Report 96-02. Manitoba Conservation Data Centre, Winnipeg.
- INAI [Iowa Natural Areas Inventory]. 2017. Vegetation classification of Iowa. Iowa Natural Areas Inventory, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- NDNHI [North Dakota Natural Heritage Inventory]. 2018. Unpublished data. Vegetation classification of North Dakota. North Dakota Natural Heritage Inventory, North Dakota Parks & Recreation Department, Bismarck.
- SDNHP [South Dakota Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. South Dakota Natural Heritage Program, Pierre, SD.
- Stewart, R. E., and H. A. Kantrud. 1971. Classification of natural ponds and lakes in the glaciated prairie region. USDI Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Resources, Publication 92. Washington, DC. 77 pp.
- Weaver, J. E. 1960. Flood plain vegetation of the central Missouri Valley and contacts of woodland with prairie. Ecological Monographs 30:37-64.