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CEGL002664 Populus angustifolia / Cornus sericea Riparian Woodland

Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available

Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Narrowleaf Cottonwood / Red-osier Dogwood Riparian Woodland

Colloquial Name: Narrowleaf Cottonwood / Red-osier Dogwood Riparian Woodland

Hierarchy Level:  Association

Type Concept: This narrowleaf cottonwood forest type is found in the western Great Plains and western mountain regions of the United States, north into Alberta, Canada. Elevations range from 2360 to 2720 m (7750-8900 feet) in northern New Mexico to 945 to 2044 m (3100-6700 feet) in Montana (east of the Continental Divide). Stands occur along major streams and small to moderate-sized rivers in the foothill-montane zone and northern plains and in the grassland zone of Alberta. Sites include narrow valleys (10 m) with swift, steep streams (4% gradient) where it occurs on narrow benches, and on wide valleys (150 m) on broad floodplains along, moderately steep, meandering rivers (2% gradients). Soils are highly variable and stratified. The vegetation is characterized by a closed to open canopy of deciduous trees dominated by Populus angustifolia and a thick understory of Cornus sericea. The tree canopy composition is highly variable but typically has less than 10% cover of other tree species, including conifers Picea pungens, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, Abies concolor, Abies lasiocarpa, and deciduous trees such as Populus tremuloides in mountains and Populus deltoides in lower foothills and on plains. Populus x acuminata may codominate stands in the Great Basin and in Alberta. In northern plains, stands may have Populus deltoides and/or Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa present. The introduced tree Elaeagnus angustifolia may be common on disturbed stands. The moderately dense to dense shrub layer consists mostly of Cornus sericea (10-80%) but may be diverse. Other shrub species can be abundant, but rarely more than Cornus sericea, and may include Acer glabrum, Alnus incana, Amelanchier spp., Crataegus rivularis, Betula occidentalis, Lonicera involucrata, Prunus virginiana, Quercus gambelii, Ribes spp., Rosa woodsii, Rubus spp., many species of Salix, and Symphoricarpos spp. The herbaceous cover can be abundant (>50% cover) and diverse. Forb species may include Equisetum arvense, Heracleum maximum, Maianthemum stellatum, Rudbeckia laciniata, Osmorhiza spp., Solidago canadensis, and Symphyotrichum foliaceum. Graminoid cover can also be abundant and includes Bromus anomalus, Carex pellita, Elymus glaucus, Glyceria striata, and Phalaris arundinacea. Introduced species, such as Agrostis gigantea, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus pratensis, Bromus inermis, Cirsium arvense, Dactylis glomerata, Medicago sativa, Phleum pratense, Poa compressa, Poa palustris, and Poa pratensis, are often abundant.

Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: The community is densely shaded and provides valuable cover for wildlife. Seasonally high water tables allow for continued reproduction of the cottonwoods, alders, dogwood and the numerous other obligate riparian shrubs and herbs. Minimal disturbance from recreation, livestock usage, forestry practices, and mining maintain the biodiversity and good condition of the community. Severe alterations of the hydrology or upland conditions can contribute to loss of valuable habitat.

In the upper canyon segments, floodplains are narrow along the river, and the coniferous Picea pungens becomes more dominant, mixing with Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia on the streambanks. In wider valleys, Populus angustifolia will dominate higher and drier terraces which will contain fewer shrubs and more junipers or introduced grasses from nearby hay meadows. Uplands are typically dominated by mixed coniferous forests of spruce and fir on cooler north-facing aspects or Pinus ponderosa on drier slopes.

In Alberta, stands dominated by pure Populus angustifolia are being lost to stands dominated by hybrids of Populus angustifolia and Populus balsamifera (Floate 2004).

This type was first described by Baker (1989b) in Colorado and is part of a group of ecologically related types that include (1) the Populus angustifolia / Alnus incana type with less Cornus reported for Colorado by Baker (1989b), Kittel and Lederer (1993), Kittel et al. (1994, 1996), Walford and Baker (1995), and Richard et al. (1996); and (2) the Populus angustifolia / Cornus sericea type that generally lacks Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia and has been well-documented for the southern Rocky Mountains (Kittel and Lederer 1993, Kittel et al. 1994, 1995), and by Hansen et al. (1990), Johnston (1987), Padgett et al. (1988b, 1989), and Youngblood et al. (1985a, 1985b). This type as described here is probably inclusive of the above two types.

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: This association is one of the most diverse cottonwood-dominated riparian woodlands and is characterized by a closed to open canopy of deciduous trees and a thick understory of Cornus sericea. It is highly variable in the number of tree and shrub species present; however, it is generally recognized by a clear dominance of Populus angustifolia (20-70% cover), typically with less than 10% cover of other tree species. The upper canopy can consist of several species, including conifers Picea pungens, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, Abies concolor, Abies lasiocarpa, and deciduous trees, such as Populus tremuloides in mountains and Populus deltoides in lower foothills and on plains (Kittel et al. 1999b, Carsey et al. 2003a). Populus x acuminata may codominate stands in the Great Basin (Manning and Padgett 1995), and Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (= Populus trichocarpa) may be present in northern stands (Hansen et al. 1995, Hall and Hansen 1997). The introduced tree Elaeagnus angustifolia may be common on disturbed stands. The moderately dense to dense shrub layer consists mostly of Cornus sericea (10-80%) but may be diverse. Other shrub species can be abundant, but rarely more than Cornus sericea, and may include Acer glabrum, Alnus incana, Amelanchier spp., Crataegus rivularis, Betula occidentalis, Lonicera involucrata, Prunus virginiana, Quercus gambelii, Ribes spp., Rosa woodsii, Rubus spp., Salix x bebbii, Salix ligulifolia (= Salix eriocephala var. ligulifolia), Salix exigua, Salix drummondiana, Salix irrorata, Salix lucida ssp. caudata, Salix lutea, Salix monticola, and Symphoricarpos spp. The vine Clematis ligusticifolia may be abundant is some stands. Stands vary in aspect and shade provided; some are relatively moist and shady, others are relatively dry and open. In moister environments, herbaceous cover can be abundant (>50% cover) and diverse. Forb species may include Achillea millefolium, Aconitum columbianum, Equisetum arvense, Galium spp., Geum macrophyllum, Heracleum maximum, Maianthemum stellatum, Mertensia spp., Rudbeckia laciniata, Osmorhiza spp., Solidago canadensis, and Symphyotrichum foliaceum (= Aster foliaceus). Graminoid cover can also be abundant and includes Bromus anomalus, Carex pellita (= Carex lanuginosa), Elymus glaucus, Glyceria striata, and Phalaris arundinacea. Introduced species, such as Agrostis gigantea, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus pratensis, Bromus inermis, Cirsium arvense, Dactylis glomerata, Medicago sativa, Phleum pratense, Poa compressa, Poa palustris, and Poa pratensis, are often abundant. In Alberta, confers are not a significant factor. Populus angustifolia dominates the canopy (30-60% cover), although Populus deltoides and Populus balsamifera may also be present. Throughout its range in Alberta, Cornus sericea is always present in the shrub layer but varies in cover from sparse (3%) to high (60%). Other shrubs that may be present with significant cover are Rosa spp., Salix exigua, and Symphoricarpos occidentalis. Graminoids do not usually make up a significant component, although in some stands, Agrostis stolonifera has up to 30% cover (although it may be absent). No forbs were significant or consistently present in the 17 stands looked at by Thompson and Hansen (2002).

Dynamics:  No Data Available
Environmental Description:  This narrowleaf cottonwood forest type is found in the western Great Plains and western mountain regions of the United States. Elevations range from 2360 to 2720 m (7750-8900 feet) in northern New Mexico to 945 to 2044 m (3100-6700 feet) in Montana (east of the Continental Divide), where it occurs at intermediate elevations below Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa and above Populus deltoides (Hansen et al. 1995), and is found at mid-elevations in Alberta (770-1180 m [2526-3871 feet]). Stands occur along major streams and small to moderate-sized rivers in the foothill-montane zone and northern plains and in Alberta is usually associated with recent sediment deposits on floodplains along major streams and rivers (Thompson and Hansen 2002). Sites include narrow valleys (10 m) with swift, steep streams (4% gradient), where it occurs on narrow benches, and on wide valleys (150 m) on broad floodplains along, moderately steep, meandering rivers (2% gradients) (Kittel et al. 1999b, Carsey et al. 2003a). Canyons are not generally associated with where this association occurs on the Alberta plains. Stream channels vary widely in slope and width and range from steep and narrow to broad, moderately sinuous with moderate gradients to broad, highly sinuous with low gradients. Soils are highly variable and stratified and are moist, weakly developed Entisols (Fluvaquents or Udifluvents) or Regosols. Soil textures include silty clays, silty clay loams, clay loams, sandy clays, sandy clay loams, and loamy sands. The soils are 0.5-1 m deep and become skeletal at depth. Soils are typically moist, and some are mottled because of a shallow water table. Soils are commonly wet within 1 m, especially during seasonal flooding (Muldavin et al. 2000a).
Geographic Range: This narrowleaf cottonwood forest type is found in the western Great Plains and western mountain regions of the United States, ranging from Montana west to Oregon, south to New Mexico and possibly Nevada, east to Colorado and north to the Black Hills of South Dakota. It is common in the upper Rio Grande and Pecos watersheds in north-central New Mexico and widespread in the southern Rocky Mountains. It is also found north into the Oldman River drainage of southwestern Alberta, Canada.

Nations: CA,US

States/Provinces:  AB, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, OR, SD, UT, WY


Confidence Level: Moderate

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4

Greasons: No Data Available
Type Name Database Code Classification Code
Class 1 Forest & Woodland Class C01 1
Subclass 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass S15 1.B
Formation 1.B.3 Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest Formation F026 1.B.3
Division 1.B.3.Nc Rocky Mountain-Great Basin Montane Flooded & Swamp Forest Division D195 1.B.3.Nc
Macrogroup 1.B.3.Nc.1 Engelmann Spruce - Narrowleaf Cottonwood / Red-osier Dogwood Riparian & Swamp Forest Macrogroup M034 1.B.3.Nc.1
Group 1.B.3.Nc.1.a Engelmann Spruce - Blue Spruce - Narrowleaf Cottonwood Riparian & Swamp Forest Group G506 1.B.3.Nc.1.a
Alliance A3759 Narrowleaf Cottonwood Riparian Forest Alliance A3759 1.B.3.Nc.1.a
Association CEGL002664 Narrowleaf Cottonwood / Red-osier Dogwood Riparian Woodland CEGL002664 1.B.3.Nc.1.a
Concept Lineage: lumped to form this type

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Populus / Cornus sericea Community Type (Manning and Padgett 1995) [May be codominated by Populus X acuminata.]
= Populus / Cornus stolonifera Community Type (Manning and Padgett 1995)
< Populus angustifolia - (Picea pungens) / Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia - Cornus sericea Association (Baker 1989b)
< Populus angustifolia / Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia - Swida sericea Habitat Type (Komarkova et al. 1988b)
< Populus angustifolia / Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia - Swida sericea Plant Association (Johnston 1987)
= Populus angustifolia / Cornus sericea ssp. sericea / Clematis ligusticifolia Association (Crowe et al. 2004)
= Populus angustifolia / Cornus sericea (Thompson and Hansen 2002)
= Populus angustifolia / Cornus sericea Community Type (Padgett et al. 1989)
= Populus angustifolia / Cornus sericea Woodland (Carsey et al. 2003a)
= Populus angustifolia / Cornus sericea Woodland (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
= Populus angustifolia / Cornus stolonifera (Allen 2005)
= Populus angustifolia / Cornus stolonifera Community Type (Youngblood et al. 1985a)
= Populus angustifolia / Cornus stolonifera Habitat Type (Hansen et al. 1995)
= Populus angustifolia / Cornus stolonifera Habitat Type (Hall and Hansen 1997)
= Populus angustifolia/Cornus sericea (Kittel et al. 1999b)
? Narrowleaf Cottonwood/Thinleaf Alder-Redosier Dogwood CT (Muldavin et al. 2000a)
= Narrowleaf cottonwood/red-osier dogwood (Populus angustifolia/Cornus sericea) Plant Association (Kittel et al. 1999a)
Concept Author(s): H. Marriott and D. Faber-Langendoen

Author of Description: H. Marriott, D. Faber-Langendoen, E. Muldavin et al., K.A. Schulz and L. Allen

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 05-26-06
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