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CEGL001170 Philadelphus lewisii Wet Shrubland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Lewis'' Mock Orange Wet Shrubland
Colloquial Name: No Data Available
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This association is restricted to low elevations between 408 and 1281 m (1340-4200 feet), ranging from the Columbia Basin of eastern Washington, south through Hells Canyon and the Blue Mountains in Oregon, to southwestern Idaho. The association is usually found in narrow to moderate-width canyons and gorges on dry alluvial terraces or steep banks of moderate- to high-gradient intermittent and perennial streams. These sites are above the average high water line, but are occasionally scoured by flash floods or high runoff events. Philadelphus lewisii prefers rocky-gravelly, well-drained alluvial soils ranging from deep to shallow, silty or sandy loam. Philadelphus lewisii forms patchy to dense, 2- to 5-m tall, thickets. Various subdominant tall shrubs are present, most commonly Prunus virginiana, Amelanchier alnifolia, Celtis laevigata var. reticulata, Cornus sericea, and Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea, often with climbing Clematis ligusticifolia present. Low to medium height shrubs (e.g., Rosa spp. and Toxicodendron rydbergii) have high constancy, but relatively low cover. Young Alnus rhombifolia, Betula occidentalis, or Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa are occasionally present, indicating potential successional trends. Total herbaceous cover varies from sparse to moderate and is inversely related to shrub canopy cover. Pseudoroegneria spicata and Elymus glaucus are the most common native grass, but disturbed stands have moderate cover of exotic graminoids (e.g., Poa spp. and annual Bromus spp.). Various colonizing forbs, both native and exotic, especially Anthriscus caucalis, Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata, Galium aparine, and Stellaria media, are common with low cover.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: The classification of this association is based on 28 quantitative plots: 20 plots from southwestern Idaho and about 8 plots from northeastern Oregon (Holmstead 2001, Jankovsky-Jones et al. 2001, Crowe et al. 2002). It belongs to a suite of closely related heterogeneous tall-shrub communities. Philadelphus lewisii is often a codominant or subdominant shrub in communities dominated by shrubs including Acer glabrum, Amelanchier alnifolia, Betula occidentalis, Celtis laevigata var. reticulata, Crataegus douglasii, Cornus sericea, Prunus virginiana, Salix lucida ssp. caudata, and Toxicodendron rydbergii (Crawford 2001, Holmstead 2001, Jankovsky-Jones et al. 2001, Crowe et al. 2002). These associations are separated from this Philadelphus lewisii association by having a clearly dominant shrub with higher cover and constancy than Philadelphus lewisii. These tall-shrub associations are usually found in similar hydrologic and topographical settings (e.g., dry, rocky alluvial terraces of narrow, steep streams in the foothills) and often have understories similar to Philadelphus lewisii-dominated stands. Stands of ~Philadelphus lewisii / Symphoricarpos albus Wet Shrubland (CEGL000875)$$ sampled in eastern Oregon have been included within a broader Philadelphus lewisii association by some researchers (Crowe et al. 2002). However, we consider it to be distinct from this type because of its moderate cover of Symphoricarpos albus and tendency to form on more stable alluvial terraces (Crawford 2001). In Idaho, and most plots from the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon, associated shrubs and understory species within Philadelphus lewisii stands is variable, but Symphoricarpos albus is distinctly lacking (Holmstead 2001, Jankovsky-Jones et al. 2001, Crowe et al. 2002). Philadelphus lewisii also occasionally dominates upland talus slopes and toeslopes forming "garlands" with some of the same associated shrubs and herbs as the riparian association (Johnson and Simon 1987).
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Philadelphus lewisii forms patchy to dense, 2- to 5-m tall, thickets. Various subdominant tall shrubs are present, most commonly Prunus virginiana, Amelanchier alnifolia, Celtis laevigata var. reticulata, Cornus sericea, and Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea, often with climbing Clematis ligusticifolia present. Low to medium height shrubs (e.g., Rosa spp. and Toxicodendron rydbergii) have high constancy, but relatively low cover. Young Alnus rhombifolia, Betula occidentalis, or Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa are occasionally present, indicating potential successional trends. Total herbaceous cover varies from sparse to moderate and is inversely related to shrub canopy cover. Pseudoroegneria spicata and Elymus glaucus are the most common native grass, but disturbed stands have moderate cover of exotic graminoids (e.g., Poa spp. and annual Bromus spp.). Various colonizing forbs, both native and exotic, especially Anthriscus caucalis, Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata, Galium aparine, and Stellaria media, are common with low cover.
Dynamics: Philadelphus lewisii is described as an early-seral to mid-seral species (FEIS 2000). Like its associated shrubs, it sprouts vigorously from roots after fire, cutting, or above-ground removal by floods. It also spreads quickly by suckering. The association is likely maintained by occasional flood disturbance on sites favorable for Philadelphus lewisii dominance and requires occasional flood disturbance to persist (Jankovsky-Jones et al. 2001). The effect of heavy cattle use on Philadelphus lewisii persistence is not known; however, soil disturbance by cattle promotes the invasion of weedy exotic species in this association (Jankovsky-Jones et al. 2001). Philadelphus lewisii is very sensitive to herbicides; so chemical weed control should be limited in areas adjacent to this association (FEIS 2000).
Environmental Description: This association is restricted to low elevations between 408 and 1281 m (1340-4200 feet), ranging from the Columbia Basin of eastern Washington, south through Hells Canyon and the Blue Mountains in Oregon, to southwestern Idaho. The association is usually found in narrow to moderate-width canyons and gorges on dry alluvial terraces or steep banks of moderate- to high-gradient intermittent and perennial streams. These sites are above the average high water line, but are occasionally scoured by flash floods or high runoff events. Philadelphus lewisii prefers rocky-gravelly, well-drained alluvial soils ranging from deep to shallow, silty or sandy loam.
Geographic Range: This association occurs in hot dry, low-elevation river canyons in Oregon, Idaho and Washington.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: ID, OR, WA
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.685418
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G2
Greasons: No Data Available
Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
---|---|---|---|
Class | 2 Shrub & Herb Vegetation Class | C02 | 2 |
Subclass | 2.C Shrub & Herb Wetland Subclass | S44 | 2.C |
Formation | 2.C.4 Temperate to Polar Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Formation | F013 | 2.C.4 |
Division | 2.C.4.Nb Western North American Temperate Freshwater Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Division | D031 | 2.C.4.Nb |
Macrogroup | 2.C.4.Nb.5 Sitka Alder - Booth''s Willow / Northwest Territory Sedge Montane Marsh, Wet Meadow & Shrubland Macrogroup | M893 | 2.C.4.Nb.5 |
Group | 2.C.4.Nb.5.d Willow species - Alder species - Water Birch Riparian & Seep Shrubland Group | G527 | 2.C.4.Nb.5.d |
Alliance | A3973 Netleaf Hackberry / Lewis'' Mock Orange Wet Scrub Alliance | A3973 | 2.C.4.Nb.5.d |
Association | CEGL001170 Lewis'' Mock Orange Wet Shrubland | CEGL001170 | 2.C.4.Nb.5.d |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Philadelphus lewisii Association (Crowe et al. 2002)
= Philadelphus lewisii Dominance Type (Evans 1989a)
= Philadelphus lewisii Dominance Type (Evans 1989a)
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- Jankovsky-Jones, M., C. J. Murphy, and C. L. Coulter. 2001. Riparian and wetland plant associations of southwestern Idaho in the Lower Snake River District, Bureau of Land Management. Idaho Conservation Data Center, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise.
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- WNHP [Washington Natural Heritage Program]. 2002. Unpublished riparian and wetland association occurrence and plot data on file at Washington Natural Heritage Program, Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA.
- WNHP [Washington Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data files. Washington Natural Heritage Program, Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA.
- Western Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boulder, CO.