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CEGL007220 Liriodendron tulipifera / (Cercis canadensis) / (Lindera benzoin) Ruderal Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Tuliptree / (Eastern Redbud) / (Northern Spicebush) Ruderal Forest
Colloquial Name: Ruderal Tuliptree Forest (Rich Type)
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This ruderal or successional community dominated by Liriodendron tulipifera occurs in the Ridge and Valley of Tennessee and Virginia, the Interior Low Plateau of Kentucky, and the Central Appalachians, Piedmont and Inner Coastal Plain regions of Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. Plots attributable to this type are also known from the Piedmont of Georgia. It may also occur in similar regions of Delaware. It is distinguished from other upland communities dominated by Liriodendron tulipifera by the presence of species associated with soils with moderately high base saturation levels (rich soils). Species found in stands attributable to this type may be fairly diverse and result in a varied composition. In addition to Liriodendron tulipifera, other canopy species may include Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer saccharum, Aesculus flava, Platanus occidentalis, Quercus rubra, Acer rubrum, Robinia pseudoacacia, Juglans nigra, Halesia tetraptera, Fraxinus americana, Fagus grandifolia, Magnolia acuminata, Ulmus rubra, Quercus imbricaria, Quercus muehlenbergii, and Carya ovata. Species often found in the subcanopy include Acer saccharum, Cercis canadensis, Ulmus alata, Fraxinus americana, Morus rubra, and Cornus florida. Shrubs include saplings of the subcanopy and canopy species, as well as Lindera benzoin, Symphoricarpos orbiculatus, Asimina triloba, Staphylea trifolia, Acer negundo, and Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana. Exotic shrubs, including Rosa multiflora, Rubus phoenicolasius, and Lonicera japonica, are present at some sites. Herb-layer species include the exotics Microstegium vimineum, Alliaria petiolata, and Veronica hederifolia, as well as Toxicodendron radicans, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Smilax tamnoides, Actaea racemosa, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Laportea canadensis, Impatiens pallida, Hydrophyllum canadense, Adiantum pedatum, Polygonatum pubescens, Verbesina alternifolia, Amphicarpaea bracteata, and Polystichum acrostichoides.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This type was originally described from the work of Andreu and Tukman (1995) but was later modified to emphasize stands with moderately high base saturation levels. It is apparently a widespread successional forest of relatively fertile substrates in all provinces of the Mid-Atlantic states and in parts of the Southeast.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Stands are dominated by Liriodendron tulipifera but also include various other species, including ones indicative of nutrient-rich or circumneutral environments. Other species include Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer saccharum, Aesculus flava, Platanus occidentalis, Quercus rubra, Acer rubrum, Robinia pseudoacacia, Juglans nigra, Halesia tetraptera, Fraxinus americana, Fagus grandifolia, Magnolia acuminata, Ulmus rubra, Quercus imbricaria, Quercus muehlenbergii, and Carya ovata (NatureServe Ecology unpubl. data, VDNH unpubl. data, WVNHP unpubl. data.). Species often found in the subcanopy include Acer saccharum, Cercis canadensis, Ulmus alata, Morus rubra, Sassafras albidum, and Cornus florida. Cercis canadensis is often abundant on soils underlain by carbonate strata. Shrubs include saplings of the subcanopy and canopy species, as well as Symphoricarpos orbiculatus, Lindera benzoin, Asimina triloba, and Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana. Lindera benzoin is often abundant in occurrences of this community in the Central Appalachians, Piedmont and Inner Coastal Plain regions of Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Exotic shrubs, including Rosa multiflora, Rubus phoenicolasius, and Lonicera japonica, are present at some sites. Vines, which may be abundant, include Aristolochia macrophylla, Toxicodendron radicans, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Smilax tamnoides, and Vitis aestivalis var. bicolor. Herbaceous species include the exotics Microstegium vimineum, Alliaria petiolata, and Veronica hederifolia, as well as Actaea racemosa, Ageratina altissima, Arisaema triphyllum, Asarum canadense, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Galium triflorum, Laportea canadensis, Impatiens pallida, Hydrophyllum canadense, Osmorhiza longistylis, Adiantum pedatum, Polygonatum pubescens, Polystichum acrostichoides, Verbesina alternifolia, Amphicarpaea bracteata, Solidago caesia, and Polystichum acrostichoides. (Andreu and Tukman 1995, NatureServe Ecology unpubl. data, VDNH unpubl. data, WVNHP unpubl. data). Examples at Fort Donelson that have been very heavily disturbed may have local dominance by Celtis laevigata and Juglans nigra.
Dynamics: This community occurs in successional situations, generally where forest clearing has a taken place in the past. In West Virginia, this type is found in areas that have been logged repeatedly, as well as on abandoned farmland and mines.
Environmental Description: These forests are found on disturbed mesic areas underlain by rich soils with moderately high base saturation levels. It occurs on abandoned farmland and townsites, old strip mines, old clearcuts, burned areas, and other areas where the canopy was removed or heavily disturbed in the past. Small patches may occur in areas where canopy disturbance has resulted from natural causes such as windfall or landslides. Soils may be underlain by a variety of geologic strata that weather to base-rich soils including limestone, dolomite, calcareous shale, shell deposits, metabasalts and granitic complexes. In Kentucky this association may occur on calcareous substrates in the Dripping Springs Escarpment. At Shenandoah National Park in Virginia, this community is underlain by Catoctin metabasalt or a pyroxene-bearing granitic complex. In West Virginia, parent materials include sandstone, shale, and alluvium. Soils in plots were described as moderately well-drained to well-drained clay, silt loam, and sandy loam with pH ranging from 5.0 to 7.5, with relatively high levels of organic matter, estimated N release, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, and Mn, and relatively low levels of S, Al, B, Fe, P, and Zn compared to average values in the area.
Geographic Range: This type occurs in the Ridge and Valley and Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee, the Interior Low Plateau of Kentucky, the Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi, and the Central Appalachian, Piedmont and Inner Coastal Plain regions of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and possibly Delaware. Plots attributable to this type are also known from the Georgia Piedmont. Its full range has not been documented.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: AL, DC, DE, GA, KY, MD, MS, NY, PA, TN, VA, WV
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.684348
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNA
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.90 Black Locust - Tuliptree - Norway Maple Ruderal Forest Macrogroup | M013 | 1.B.2.Na.90 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.90.a Eastern Red-cedar - Tuliptree / Tatarian Honeysuckle Ruderal Forest Group | G030 | 1.B.2.Na.90.a |
| Alliance | A3228 Tuliptree - Black Walnut - Black Locust Ruderal Forest Alliance | A3228 | 1.B.2.Na.90.a |
| Association | CEGL007220 Tuliptree / (Eastern Redbud) / (Northern Spicebush) Ruderal Forest | CEGL007220 | 1.B.2.Na.90.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: > Liriodendron tulipifera / Lindera benzoin Forest (Lea 2000)
= Liriodendron tulipifera / Lindera benzoin Successional Forest (Young et al. 2007a)
< Oak-Hickory Association of the Western Shore District (Shreve et al. 1910)
< Successional forest of low-elevation plateaus (Vanderhorst 2001a)
< Tulip Poplar Type (Schmalzer and DeSelm 1982)
? Yellow Poplar - Sugar Maple - Cucumber (Rentch et al. 2005)
= Liriodendron tulipifera / Lindera benzoin Successional Forest (Young et al. 2007a)
< Oak-Hickory Association of the Western Shore District (Shreve et al. 1910)
< Successional forest of low-elevation plateaus (Vanderhorst 2001a)
< Tulip Poplar Type (Schmalzer and DeSelm 1982)
? Yellow Poplar - Sugar Maple - Cucumber (Rentch et al. 2005)
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- Coxe, R. 2009. Guide to Delaware vegetation communities. Spring 2009 edition. State of Delaware, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Delaware Natural Heritage Program, Smyrna.
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- Fleming, Gary P. Personal communication. Ecologist, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA.
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