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CEGL004772 Liriodendron tulipifera - Nyssa biflora - Magnolia virginiana / Toxicodendron vernix - Morella caroliniensis Swamp Forest

Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Tuliptree - Swamp Tupelo - Sweetbay / Poison-sumac - Southern Bayberry Swamp Forest

Colloquial Name: East Gulf Coastal Plain Hardwood Seepage Forest

Hierarchy Level:  Association

Type Concept: These forests occur in seepage areas in pine-dominated uplands of the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi (and possibly Louisiana). The tree canopy is variable with Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa biflora, and Magnolia virginiana typically dominant, but Liquidambar styraciflua, Pinus taeda, and Acer rubrum may be codominant in some examples. Canopy cover in these seeps is not complete, and the shrub and herbaceous layers are well-developed. The shrub and subcanopy are dominated by Morella caroliniensis, Toxicodendron vernix, Persea palustris, and Magnolia virginiana; with Chionanthus virginicus, Aronia arbutifolia, Viburnum nudum, Ilex coriacea, Clethra alnifolia, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Rhododendron canescens, Vaccinium elliottii, and other species present. The herbaceous layer includes Osmunda regalis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Woodwardia areolata, Apios americana, Botrychium dissectum, Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, Eupatorium rotundifolium, Platanthera ciliaris, Mitchella repens, Dioscorea villosa, Sphagnum spp., and other species. Woody vines are common, and species that occur are Smilax walteri, Smilax laurifolia, Smilax glauca, Smilax rotundifolia, Berchemia scandens, and others.

Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: No Data Available

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: The tree canopy of stands of this association is variable with Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa biflora, and Magnolia virginiana typically dominant, but Liquidambar styraciflua, Pinus taeda, and Acer rubrum may be codominant in some examples. Quercus michauxii may be present. Canopy cover in these seeps is not complete, and the shrub and herbaceous layers are well-developed. The shrub and subcanopy are dominated by Morella caroliniensis (= Myrica heterophylla), Toxicodendron vernix, Persea palustris, and Magnolia virginiana; with Chionanthus virginicus, Aronia arbutifolia, Viburnum nudum, Ilex coriacea, Clethra alnifolia, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Rhododendron canescens, Vaccinium elliottii, and other species present. The herbaceous layer includes Osmunda regalis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Woodwardia areolata, Apios americana, Botrychium dissectum, Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, Eupatorium rotundifolium, Platanthera ciliaris, Mitchella repens, Dioscorea villosa, Sphagnum spp., and other species. Woody vines are common, and species that occur are Smilax walteri, Smilax laurifolia, Smilax glauca, Smilax rotundifolia, Berchemia scandens, and others.

Dynamics:  No Data Available

Environmental Description:  These forests occur in seepage areas in pine-dominated uplands of the East Gulf Coastal Plain. These are typically located along small streams, where the effects of the saturated hydrology determine the composition of the vegetation. These areas may occasionally experience temporary flooding, but the hydrology is primarily saturated. At Fort Benning (Georgia/Alabama), these saturated forests are also found in longleaf pine matrix woodland situations. It appears to be most common in areas that are more mesic than those seen in sandhill situations (for example along larger streams and creeks). This is in contrast to ~Nyssa biflora - Acer rubrum var. trilobum - Liriodendron tulipifera / Ilex coriacea - Lyonia lucida Swamp Forest (CEGL004645)$$, which is a saturated forest type that is typically found in the longleaf pine matrix in sandhill situations as small, narrow patches along small intermittent streams, and ~Nyssa biflora - (Acer rubrum) / Ilex opaca / Leucothoe axillaris / Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea Swamp Forest (CEGL004427)$$, which is a saturated forest type that occurs in floodplain flats and along floodplain edges. This latter type is not saturated as a result of stream or river flooding, but rather due to seepage from adjacent sloping areas. This association may occur in these situations due to a difference in soil structure such as a subsurface clay layer that could lead to the saturated soil surface.

Geographic Range: These forests occur in the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Mississippi (and possibly Louisiana).

Nations: US

States/Provinces:  AL, FL, GA, LA?, MS




Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: G3G4

Greasons: No Data Available


Concept Lineage: No Data Available

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: = Liriodendron tulipifera - Nyssa biflora - Magnolia virginiana / Toxicodendron vernix - Morella caroliniensis / Osmunda regalis Forest (ALNHP 2002)

Concept Author(s): S. Landaal and M. Pyne

Author of Description: S. Landaal and M. Pyne

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 10-15-02

  • ALNHP [Alabama Natural Heritage Program]. 2002. Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge: Natural community and rare plant survey. Alabama Natural Heritage Program, The Nature Conservancy, Montgomery.
  • GNHP [Georgia Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. Georgia Natural Heritage Program, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle.
  • MSNHP [Mississippi Natural Heritage Program]. 2006. Ecological communities of Mississippi. Museum of Natural Science, Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks, Jackson, MS. 9 pp.
  • Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.