Print Report
CEGL004652 Pinus serotina / Ilex glabra / Woodwardia virginica Swamp Woodland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Pond Pine / Inkberry / Virginia Chainfern Swamp Woodland
Colloquial Name: Pond Pine Woodland (Northern Type)
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This pond pine woodland occurs on the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina and Virginia. Pinus serotina is dominant or codominant with Acer rubrum in the canopy stratum. Acer rubrum and Magnolia virginiana are typically the most important subcanopy trees. Shrub densities are variable, from more than 80% cover to less than 50%. While not always dominant, Ilex glabra is a common and characteristic shrub in this type. Other common shrubs include Lyonia lucida, Clethra alnifolia, Smilax laurifolia, Eubotrys racemosa, Gaylussacia frondosa, Vaccinium formosum, Persea palustris, Morella cerifera, and Lyonia ligustrina var. foliosiflora. Herbaceous diversity is very low, but Woodwardia virginica and Osmunda cinnamomea can be locally common. Other herbaceous plants include Woodwardia areolata, Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, and Listera australis. Mosses, including Sphagnum spp., are often abundant in the saturated hummock-and-hollow microtopography. This community is variable in physiognomy, depending on fire frequency. Originally, most occurrences would have manifested themselves at most times as woodlands, with an open canopy structure. Many occurrences currently have denser canopy, up to and including a closed canopy structure. This type is closely related to the ~Pinus serotina / Cyrilla racemiflora - Lyonia lucida - Ilex glabra Swamp Woodland (CEGL003670)$$, which occurs farther south and has additional species, particularly Cyrilla racemiflora.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Most Great Dismal Swamp NWR stands are so fire-suppressed that they are now physiognomically pond pine forests (G.P. Fleming pers. comm. 2004).
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Pinus serotina is dominant or codominant with Acer rubrum in the canopy stratum. Acer rubrum and Magnolia virginiana are typically the most important subcanopy trees. Shrub densities are variable, from more than 80% cover to less than 50%. While not always dominant, Ilex glabra is a common and characteristic shrub in this type. Other common shrubs include Lyonia lucida, Clethra alnifolia, Smilax laurifolia, Eubotrys racemosa (= Leucothoe racemosa), Gaylussacia frondosa (= var. frondosa), Vaccinium formosum, Persea palustris, Morella cerifera (= Myrica cerifera var. cerifera), and Lyonia ligustrina var. foliosiflora. Herbaceous diversity is very low, but Woodwardia virginica and Osmunda cinnamomea can be locally common. Other herbaceous plants include Woodwardia areolata, Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, and Listera australis. Mosses, including Sphagnum spp., are often abundant in the saturated hummock-and-hollow microtopography. This community is variable in physiognomy, depending on fire frequency. Originally, most occurrences would have manifested themselves at most times as woodlands, with an open canopy structure. Many occurrences currently have denser canopy, up to and including a closed canopy structure.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: No Data Available
Geographic Range: This association occurs on the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina and Virginia.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: NC, VA
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683768
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G2?
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.3 Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest Formation | F026 | 1.B.3 |
| Division | 1.B.3.Nb Southeastern North American Flooded & Swamp Forest Division | D062 | 1.B.3.Nb |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.3.Nb.3 Sweetbay - Swamp Bay - Pond Pine Swamp Forest Macrogroup | M032 | 1.B.3.Nb.3 |
| Group | 1.B.3.Nb.3.a Sweetbay - Loblolly-bay - Pond Pine Swamp Forest Group | G037 | 1.B.3.Nb.3.a |
| Alliance | A0581 Pond Pine Swamp Woodland Alliance | A0581 | 1.B.3.Nb.3.a |
| Association | CEGL004652 Pond Pine / Inkberry / Virginia Chainfern Swamp Woodland | CEGL004652 | 1.B.3.Nb.3.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Pinus serotina / Smilax laurifolia - Ilex glabra / Woodwardia virginica Woodland (Fleming and Moorhead 1998) [including Pinus serotina / Lyonia lucida - Kalmia carolina subtype and Pinus serotina / Persea palustris / Vaccinium corymbosum subtype.]
< IIB2b. Pond Pine Woodland (Allard 1990)
< IIC1b. High Pocosin (Allard 1990)
< IIB2b. Pond Pine Woodland (Allard 1990)
< IIC1b. High Pocosin (Allard 1990)
- Allard, D. J. 1990. Southeastern United States ecological community classification. Interim report, Version 1.2. The Nature Conservancy, Southeast Regional Office, Chapel Hill, NC. 96 pp.
- Fleming, G. P., K. D. Patterson, and K. Taverna. 2017. The natural communities of Virginia: A classification of ecological community groups and community types. Third approximation. Version 3.0. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA. [http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-communities/]
- Fleming, G. P., and P. P. Coulling. 2001. Ecological communities of the George Washington and Jefferson national forests, Virginia. Preliminary classification and description of vegetation types. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA. 317 pp.
- Fleming, G. P., and W. H. Moorhead, III. 1998. Comparative wetlands ecology study of the Great Dismal Swamp, Northwest River, and North Landing River in Virginia. Natural Heritage Technical Report 98-9. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond. Unpublished report submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 181 pp. plus appendices.
- Fleming, Gary P. Personal communication. Ecologist, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA.
- Schafale, M. P. 2012. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina, 4th Approximation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh.
- Schafale, M. P., and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina. Third approximation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh. 325 pp.
- Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.