Print Report
CEGL005567 Tsuga heterophylla - Abies amabilis - Pseudotsuga menziesii / Gaultheria shallon Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Western Hemlock - Pacific Silver Fir - Douglas-fir / Salal Forest
Colloquial Name: No Data Available
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This western hemlock - Pacific silver fir - Douglas-fir forest of Washington and Oregon has a canopy typically codominated by Tsuga heterophylla, Abies amabilis, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. In any one stand one or more of the canopy species may be less abundant. Abies amabilis always occupies over 10% total cover and usually codominates tree regeneration with Tsuga heterophylla. Pseudotsuga menziesii is occasionally absent and Thuja plicata is usually prominent. The well-developed shrub layer is dominated by Gaultheria shallon (always over 5% cover) or Vaccinium alaskaense. Mahonia nervosa is usually present and sometimes prominent. The herb layer is usually sparse and Linnaea borealis is the only frequently occurring species. This association occurs in the western Cascades and the Olympic Mountains at middle elevations. Soils are well-drained and sites are relatively dry compared to average Abies amabilis sites.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: No Data Available
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The canopy is typically codominated by Tsuga heterophylla, Abies amabilis, and Pseudotsuga menziesii. In any one stand one or more of the canopy species may be less abundant. Abies amabilis always occupies over 10% total cover and usually codominates tree regeneration with Tsuga heterophylla. Pseudotsuga menziesii is occasionally absent and Thuja plicata is usually prominent. The well-developed shrub layer is dominated by Gaultheria shallon (always over 5% cover) or Vaccinium alaskaense. Mahonia nervosa (= Berberis nervosa) is usually present and sometimes prominent. The herb layer is usually sparse and Linnaea borealis is the only frequently occurring species.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: No Data Available
Geographic Range: No Data Available
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: BC, OR, WA
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.942464
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNR
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Nd Vancouverian Forest & Woodland Division | D192 | 1.B.2.Nd |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Nd.3 Western Hemlock - Sitka Spruce - Redwood Rainforest Macrogroup | M024 | 1.B.2.Nd.3 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Nd.3.d Pacific Silver Fir - Western Hemlock Rainforest Group | G241 | 1.B.2.Nd.3.d |
| Alliance | A3386 Pacific Silver Fir - Western Hemlock / Sweet After Death Forest Alliance | A3386 | 1.B.2.Nd.3.d |
| Association | CEGL005567 Western Hemlock - Pacific Silver Fir - Douglas-fir / Salal Forest | CEGL005567 | 1.B.2.Nd.3.d |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: ? Abies amabilis / Gaultheria shallon - Berberis nervosa (Henderson et al. 1992)
> Abies amabilis / Gaultheria shallon (Henderson et al. 1989)
> Abies amabilis / Gaultheria shallon (Brockway and Topik 1984)
> Abies amabilis / Vaccinium alaskaense - Gaultheria shallon (Henderson et al. 1992)
> Abies amabilis / Vaccinium alaskense - Gaultheria shallon (Brockway and Topik 1984)
? Abies amabilis/Gaultheria shallon Association (Franklin et al. 1988)
> Abies amabilis/Vaccinium alaskaense-Gaultheria shallon Association (Bigley and Hull 1992)
? Abies amabilis/Vaccinium alaskaense-Gaultheria shallon-PNW (McCain and Diaz 2002b)
= Tsuga heterophylla-Abies amabilis-Pseudotsuga menziesii/Gaultheria shallon (Meidinger et al. 2005) [PNWCOAST_245 alt name?: Tsuga heterophylla-Abies amabilis/Vaccinium alaskaense-Mahonia nervosa-Gaultheria shallon]
= Tsuga heterophylla-Abies amabilis-Pseudotsuga menziesii/Gaultheria shallon Forest (Crawford et al. 2009)
> Pacific Silver Fir / Alaska Huckleberry - Salal Association (CF S2-55) ABAM/VAAL-GASH (Brockway et al. 1983)
> Pacific Silver Fir / Salal Association (CF S1-52) ABAM/GASH (Brockway et al. 1983)
> Pacific silver fir / Alaska huckleberry - salal (AMBA/VAAL/GASH) (Hemstrom et al. 1982)
> Abies amabilis / Gaultheria shallon (Henderson et al. 1989)
> Abies amabilis / Gaultheria shallon (Brockway and Topik 1984)
> Abies amabilis / Vaccinium alaskaense - Gaultheria shallon (Henderson et al. 1992)
> Abies amabilis / Vaccinium alaskense - Gaultheria shallon (Brockway and Topik 1984)
? Abies amabilis/Gaultheria shallon Association (Franklin et al. 1988)
> Abies amabilis/Vaccinium alaskaense-Gaultheria shallon Association (Bigley and Hull 1992)
? Abies amabilis/Vaccinium alaskaense-Gaultheria shallon-PNW (McCain and Diaz 2002b)
= Tsuga heterophylla-Abies amabilis-Pseudotsuga menziesii/Gaultheria shallon (Meidinger et al. 2005) [PNWCOAST_245 alt name?: Tsuga heterophylla-Abies amabilis/Vaccinium alaskaense-Mahonia nervosa-Gaultheria shallon]
= Tsuga heterophylla-Abies amabilis-Pseudotsuga menziesii/Gaultheria shallon Forest (Crawford et al. 2009)
> Pacific Silver Fir / Alaska Huckleberry - Salal Association (CF S2-55) ABAM/VAAL-GASH (Brockway et al. 1983)
> Pacific Silver Fir / Salal Association (CF S1-52) ABAM/GASH (Brockway et al. 1983)
> Pacific silver fir / Alaska huckleberry - salal (AMBA/VAAL/GASH) (Hemstrom et al. 1982)
- Bigley, R., and S. Hull. 1992. Siouxon guide to site interpretation and forest management Washington Department. Natural Resources Division of Forest Land Management, Olympia, WA. 216 pp.
- Bourgeron, P. S., and L. D. Engelking, editors. 1994. A preliminary vegetation classification of the western United States. Unpublished report. The Nature Conservancy, Western Heritage Task Force, Boulder, CO. 175 pp. plus appendix.
- Brockway, D. G., C. Topik, M. A. Hemstrom, and W. H. Emmingham. 1983. Plant association and management guide for the Pacific silver fir zone, Gifford Pinchot National Forest. Technical Report R6-Ecol-130a-1983. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, OR. 122 pp.
- Brockway, D. G., and C. Topik. 1984. Ecological classification and management characteristics of montane forest land in southwestern Washington. In: J. G. Bockheim, editor. Forest land classification: Experiences, problems, perspectives. Proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Wisconsin at Madison on March 18-20, 1984.
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- Franklin, J. F., W. H. Moir, M. A. Hemstrom, S. E. Greene, and B. G. Smith. 1988. The forest communities of Mount Rainier National Park. USDI National Park Service. Scientific Monograph Series 19. Washington, DC. 194 pp.
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- Hemstrom, M. A., W. H. Emmingham, N. M. Halverson, S. E. Logan, and C. Topik. 1982. Plant association and management guide for the pacific silver fir zone, Mt. Hood and Willamette national forests. R6-Ecol 100-1982a. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, OR. 104 pp.
- Henderson, J. A., D. A. Peter, R. Lesher, and D. C. Shaw. 1989. Forested plant associations of the Olympic National Forest. R6-ECOL-TP-001-88. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, OR. 502 pp.
- Henderson, J. A., D. A. Peter, R. Lesher, and D. C. Shaw. 1992. Field guide to forested plant associations of the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Technical Paper R6-ECOL-TP-028-91. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, OR. 196 pp.
- McCain, C., and N. M. Diaz. 2002b. Field guide to the forested plant associations of the westside central Cascades of northwest Oregon. Willamette N.F., USFS; Mt. Hood N.F., USFS; Salem District, BLM; Eugene District, BLM. Technical Paper R6-NR-ECOL-TP-02-02. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, OR.
- Meidinger, D., C. Chappell, C. Cadrin, G. Kittel, C. McCain, K. Boggs, J. Kagan, G. Cushon, A. Banner, and T. DeMeo. 2005. International Vegetation Classification of the Pacific Northwest: International correlation of temperate coastal forest plant associations of Oregon, Washington, British Columbia and Alaska. Contributors: B.C. Ministry of Forests, USDA Forest Service, B.C. Conservation Data Centre, Alaska Natural Heritage Program, Washington Natural Heritage Program, and Oregon Natural Heritage Information Center.
- WNHP [Washington Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data files. Washington Natural Heritage Program, Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, WA.
- Western Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boulder, CO.