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A3627 Quercus laurifolia - Liquidambar styraciflua - Nyssa biflora Coastal Plain Floodplain Forest Alliance

Type Concept Sentence: These are small stream floodplain and related forests, dominated by some combination of Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa biflora, Quercus laurifolia, Quercus nigra, and Quercus phellos, possibly with Pinus taeda.


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Laurel Oak - Sweetgum - Swamp Tupelo Coastal Plain Floodplain Forest Alliance

Colloquial Name: West Gulf Coastal Plain Oak - Sweetgum - Tupelo Floodplain Forest

Hierarchy Level:  Alliance

Type Concept: Stands of this stream floodplain alliance are dominated by some combination of Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa biflora, Quercus laurifolia, Quercus nigra, and Quercus phellos, possibly with Pinus taeda. Other tree and shrub taxa that may be present include Betula nigra, Carya aquatica, Quercus texana, and Taxodium distichum. In addition, Asimina triloba may be prominent in the understory with Carpinus caroliniana, Cornus foemina, Crataegus marshallii, Crataegus spathulata, Crataegus viridis, Ilex decidua, Ilex opaca, and other species. Patches of Arundinaria gigantea and Sabal minor are occasional in the shrub layer. Herbaceous taxa may include Carex abscondita, Leersia virginica, and Symphyotrichum lanceolatum. This alliance is found in the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains from Virginia to Texas, and north in the interior to Arkansas and Oklahoma. It is best documented in South Carolina, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. The habitats for vegetation of this alliance include small stream floodplains, active floodplains and in relict stream sloughs, narrow floodplains along medium-sized streams, and poorly drained to moderately well-drained silt loam soils of ridges of associated river floodplains.

Diagnostic Characteristics: These coastal plain mixed oak-hardwood associations seem to be united by their composition, which tends to be mixed, lacking strong dominance by either Quercus species or Nyssa species, but being of mixed composition.

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: There is some possible overlap or confusion between ~Quercus laurifolia - Quercus phellos - Pinus taeda Coastal Plain Riparian Forest Alliance (A3628)$$ and ~Quercus laurifolia - Liquidambar styraciflua - Nyssa biflora Coastal Plain Floodplain Forest Alliance (A3627)$$. The former alliance seems to be more oriented to the East Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains and more likely in "blackwater" habitats, and the latter alliance is more oriented to the West Gulf Coastal Plain. These two may require some review and adjustment in their concepts and memberships.

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: Stands of this stream floodplain alliance are dominated by some combination of Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa biflora, Quercus laurifolia, Quercus nigra, and Quercus phellos, possibly with Pinus taeda. Other tree and shrub taxa that may be present include Betula nigra, Carya aquatica, Quercus texana, and Taxodium distichum. In addition, Asimina triloba may be prominent in the understory with Carpinus caroliniana, Cornus foemina, Crataegus marshallii, Crataegus spathulata, Crataegus viridis, Ilex decidua, Ilex opaca, and other species. Patches of Arundinaria gigantea and Sabal minor are occasional in the shrub layer. Herbaceous taxa may include Carex abscondita, Leersia virginica, and Symphyotrichum lanceolatum.

Dynamics:  These forests develop following disturbance, natural and artificial, and may persist.

Environmental Description:  These forests are found on slightly elevated ridges of floodplains primarily in the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

Geographic Range: This alliance is found in the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains from Virginia to Texas, and north in the interior to Arkansas and Oklahoma. It is best documented in South Carolina, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma, particularly in the West Gulf Coastal Plain.

Nations: US

States/Provinces:  AR, FL?, GA, LA, MS?, NC?, OK, SC, TX, VA?




Confidence Level: Low

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: GNR

Greasons: No Data Available

Type Name Database Code Classification Code
Class 1 Forest & Woodland Class C01 1
Subclass 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass S15 1.B
Formation 1.B.3 Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest Formation F026 1.B.3
Division 1.B.3.Nb Southeastern North American Flooded & Swamp Forest Division D062 1.B.3.Nb
Macrogroup 1.B.3.Nb.4 Swamp Chestnut Oak - Bald-cypress - Pecan Southern Floodplain Forest Macrogroup M031 1.B.3.Nb.4
Group 1.B.3.Nb.4.a Swamp Chestnut Oak - Laurel Oak - Sweetgum Floodplain Forest Group G034 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Alliance A3627 Laurel Oak - Sweetgum - Swamp Tupelo Coastal Plain Floodplain Forest Alliance A3627 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL003854 Laurel Oak - (Overcup Oak, Willow Oak) - Swamp Tupelo West Gulf Riparian Forest CEGL003854 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL004911 Loblolly Pine - Sweetgum - (Water Oak, Willow Oak) / Parsley Hawthorn Floodplain Forest CEGL004911 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007335 American Sycamore - Sweetgum - (American Elm) / (Green Hawthorn) Floodplain Forest CEGL007335 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007387 Sweetgum - (Red Maple) Floodplain Forest CEGL007387 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007390 Swamp Tupelo - Laurel Oak / Peatmoss species Riparian Forest CEGL007390 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007804 Laurel Oak - Sweetgum - Swamp Tupelo - Red Maple / Dwarf Palmetto Floodplain Forest CEGL007804 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007826 Sweetgum - (White Oak, Sugar Maple) / American Hornbeam / Northern Spicebush Floodplain Forest CEGL007826 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007898 River Birch - Sweetgum - American Sycamore - Water Oak Floodplain Forest CEGL007898 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007910 Loblolly Pine - Willow Oak - Water Oak Riparian Forest CEGL007910 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007916 Laurel Oak - Water Oak Mississippi River Riparian Forest CEGL007916 1.B.3.Nb.4.a
Association CEGL007988 Nuttall Oak - (Water Hickory) / Stiff Dogwood / White Panicle Aster - Whitegrass Floodplain Forest CEGL007988 1.B.3.Nb.4.a

Concept Lineage: The components of this alliance come from a variety of old alliances: A.280 (1/ ), A.292 (3/ ), A.316 (1/ ), A.433 (1/ ),A.437 (1/ )

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: >< IIA8c. Lowland Pine - Oak Forest (Allard 1990)
>< Loblolly Pine - Hardwood: 82 (Eyre 1980)

Concept Author(s): M. Pyne, in Faber-Langendoen et al. (2013)

Author of Description: M. Pyne

Acknowledgements: We have incorporated significant descriptive information previously compiled by Sally Landaal.

Version Date: 01-08-14

  • Allard, D. J. 1990. Southeastern United States ecological community classification. Interim report, Version 1.2. The Nature Conservancy, Southeast Regional Office, Chapel Hill, NC. 96 pp.
  • Eyre, F. H., editor. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters, Washington, DC. 148 pp.
  • Faber-Langendoen, D., J. Drake, M. Hall, G. Kittel, S. Menard, C. Nordman, M. Pyne, M. Reid, M. Russo, K. Schulz, L. Sneddon, K. Snow, and J. Teague. 2013-2019b. Screening alliances for induction into the U.S. National Vegetation Classification: Part 1 - Alliance concept review. NatureServe, Arlington, VA.
  • Jones, S. M., D. H. Van Lear, and S. K. Cox. 1981b. Major forest community types of the Savannah River Plant: A field guide. USDE Savannah River Plant, National Environmental Research Park Program. Report No. SRO-NERP-9. 79 pp. plus 24 illustrations.
  • Jones, S. M., and L. A. Churchill. 1987. The use of vegetation in assessing site potential within the upper coastal plain of South Carolina. Castanea 52:1-8.
  • Pederson, N., and R. H. Jones. 1994. Disturbance history and establishment of loblolly pine in the Congaree Swamp. Unpublished report. USDI National Park Service, Congaree Swamp National Monument. 42 pp.