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G403 Rhizophora mangle - Bruguiera sexangula - Bruguiera parviflora Hawaiian Swamp Group
Type Concept Sentence: Non-native mangrove swamps of the Hawaiian Islands.
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Red Mangrove - Oriental-Mangrove - Small-flower Bruguiera Hawaiian Swamp Group
Colloquial Name: Hawaiian Ruderal Mangrove
Hierarchy Level: Group
Type Concept: Mangrove swamps are not native to the Hawaiian Islands. Since 1900 three species have been introduced on Moloka`i by the American Sugar Company to stabilize mudflats, and they have spread rapidly in favorable habitats. Mangrove swamps developed where native graminoid salt marshes and fish ponds occurred. Three introduced species are Rhizophora mangle, Bruguiera sexangula, and Bruguiera parviflora. Bruguiera sexangula is more common on the freshwater end of the saline gradient of habitats; Rhizophora mangle is the abundant species on the seaward side of swamps and has colonized many places along the coasts (Kaua`i, O`ahu, Moloka`i, Lâna`i and Hawai`i). These swamps are impoverished in species when compared to native mangroves elsewhere in the tropics. Physiognomically they look very similar.
Diagnostic Characteristics: Mangrove swamps are dominated by Bruguiera sexangula or Rhizophora mangle. Mangroves are typically considered to be a degraded tidal salt marsh.
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: No Data Available
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: Large trees up to 10 m tall with conspicuous stilt roots, often forming impenetrable thickets.
Floristics: Woody swamps dominated by Rhizophora mangle, Bruguiera sexangula (= Bruguiera gymnorhiza), and/or Bruguiera parviflora.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: Mangroves grow in saline coastal sediment habitats where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high-energy wave action. The saline conditions tolerated by various mangrove species range from brackish water, through pure seawater (30 to 40 ppt (parts per thousand)), to water concentrated by evaporation to over twice the salinity of ocean seawater (up to 90 ppt). Climate: Tropical. Soil/substrate/hydrology: Fine silt saturated saline soils.
Geographic Range: This ruderal group occurs in the Hawaii Islands.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: HI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.860784
Confidence Level: Moderate
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNA
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.A Tropical Forest & Woodland Subclass | S17 | 1.A |
| Formation | 1.A.5 Mangrove Formation | F006 | 1.A.5 |
| Division | 1.A.5.Wb Indo-Pacific Mangrove Division | D071 | 1.A.5.Wb |
| Macrogroup | 1.A.5.Wb.90 Indo-Pacific Ruderal Mangrove Macrogroup | M209 | 1.A.5.Wb.90 |
| Group | 1.A.5.Wb.90.a Red Mangrove - Oriental-Mangrove - Small-flower Bruguiera Hawaiian Swamp Group | G403 | 1.A.5.Wb.90.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: No Data Available
- Faber-Langendoen, D., J. Drake, S. Gawler, M. Hall, C. Josse, G. Kittel, S. Menard, C. Nordman, M. Pyne, M. Reid, L. Sneddon, K. Schulz, J. Teague, M. Russo, K. Snow, and P. Comer, editors. 2010-2019a. Divisions, Macrogroups and Groups for the Revised U.S. National Vegetation Classification. NatureServe, Arlington, VA. plus appendices. [in preparation]
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