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CEGL004232 Pinus taeda - Quercus (alba, falcata, stellata) Piedmont Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Loblolly Pine - (White Oak, Southern Red Oak, Post Oak) Piedmont Forest
Colloquial Name: Piedmont Loblolly Pine - Oak Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This association represents mixed loblolly pine - oak forests for the eastern and interior portions of the alliance''s range, particularly the southern Piedmont from the Carolinas to Georgia, as well as the adjacent Cumberlands / Southern Ridge and Valley of southern Tennessee where Pinus taeda is native. In parts of the prescribed range, this association could represent semi-natural stands of Pinus taeda mixed with Quercus spp. that develop from Pinus taeda plantations that have aged sufficiently to lose the pure pine character and developed more of a hardwood component. Stands of this mixed oak-pine upland forest association are dominated by a combination of various oaks and other hardwoods with Pinus spp. Pinus taeda or Pinus virginiana are usually present or codominant, being generally less abundant in more mature stands. Quercus falcata is characteristic, but other oaks are also present including Quercus alba, Quercus stellata, Quercus velutina, Quercus coccinea, Quercus marilandica, and Quercus phellos, along with Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus echinata, and Quercus nigra. The subcanopy may include Acer rubrum, Carya tomentosa, Carya glabra, Cornus florida, Oxydendrum arboreum, and Prunus serotina, as well as smaller oaks, particularly Quercus velutina. The shrub layers may include Fagus grandifolia and Vaccinium spp. with Asimina parviflora, Cercis canadensis, Cornus florida, Diospyros virginiana, Euonymus americanus, Sassafras albidum, Toxicodendron radicans, Vaccinium pallidum, and Viburnum acerifolium.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: No Data Available
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Stands of this mixed oak-pine upland forest association are dominated by a combination of various oaks and other hardwoods with Pinus spp. Pinus taeda or Pinus virginiana are usually present or codominant, being generally less abundant in more mature stands. Quercus falcata is characteristic, but other oaks are also present, including Quercus alba, Quercus stellata, Quercus velutina, Quercus coccinea, Quercus marilandica, and Quercus phellos, along with Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus echinata, and Quercus nigra. The subcanopy may include Acer rubrum, Carya tomentosa (= Carya alba), Carya glabra, Cornus florida, Oxydendrum arboreum, Prunus serotina, and Ulmus alata, as well as smaller oaks, particularly Quercus velutina. The shrub layers may include Fagus grandifolia, Vaccinium arboreum, and Vaccinium pallidum, with Asimina parviflora, Cercis canadensis, Cornus florida, Diospyros virginiana, Euonymus americanus, Sassafras albidum, Toxicodendron radicans, Vaccinium pallidum, and Viburnum acerifolium. The herbaceous layer may include Andropogon virginicus, Asplenium platyneuron, Chimaphila maculata, Coreopsis major, Dichanthelium spp., Gaultheria procumbens, Mitchella repens, and Polystichum acrostichoides. Typical vines include Bignonia capreolata, Decumaria barbara, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Smilax spp., Toxicodendron radicans, Vitis aestivalis, and Vitis rotundifolia. The presence of invasive exotics such as Lonicera japonica and Ligustrum sinense may be common.
Dynamics: In parts of the prescribed range, this association could represent semi-natural stands of Pinus taeda mixed with Quercus spp. that developed from Pinus taeda plantations that have aged sufficiently to lose the pure pine character and developed more of a hardwood component. This community could also potentially develop after the cessation of agriculture. At Ocmulgee State Park in the outer Piedmont of Georgia, several plots attributable to this type were noted to have many large dying Pinus taeda canopy individuals with low to no regeneration of this species in the understory. This gradual transition to a hardwood-dominated community should be expected over time in the absence of significant disturbance regimes.
Environmental Description: Throughout the range, associations of this alliance occur on dry sand or sandy loam, clay loam, or silty clay loams. Soils are often coarse textured, shallow and droughty. This vegetation occurs on mid to lower slopes on broad flats or in sheltered ravines.
Geographic Range: This association could occur in the southern Piedmont from the Carolinas to Georgia, as well as the adjacent Cumberlands / Southern Ridge and Valley, possibly extending into southern Tennessee at the northern end of the native range of Pinus taeda.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: GA, NC?, SC?, TN?
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.803040
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNR
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.1 White Oak - Southern Red Oak - Shortleaf Pine Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M016 | 1.B.2.Na.1 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.1.a White Oak - Southern Red Oak - Water Oak Forest Group | G165 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
| Alliance | A3293 Northern Red Oak - White Oak - Hickory species Piedmont Forest Alliance | A3293 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
| Association | CEGL004232 Loblolly Pine - (White Oak, Southern Red Oak, Post Oak) Piedmont Forest | CEGL004232 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
Concept Lineage: A portion of CEGL004766 was split out to form CEGL004766.
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: No Data Available
- Nelson, J. B. 1986. The natural communities of South Carolina: Initial classification and description. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Columbia, SC. 55 pp.
- Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.