Print Report
CEGL007460 Fagus grandifolia - Magnolia grandiflora - Pinus glabra - (Magnolia macrophylla) / (Illicium floridanum) Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: American Beech - Southern Magnolia - Spruce Pine - (Bigleaf Magnolia) / (Florida Anisetree) Forest
Colloquial Name: East Gulf Coastal Plain Acidic Loam Beech - Magnolia Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This forest occurs in ravines and on broad upland flats, on somewhat acidic to circumneutral loamy soils which are not subject to flooding, or sometimes in temporarily flooded situations. These mesic to dry-mesic forests occur in hilly transitional areas from longleaf pine hills to stream bottoms, and are often best expressed in areas of steep slopes (or along alluvial flats). Canopies are diverse; some common trees are Fagus grandifolia, Magnolia grandiflora, Quercus alba, Quercus pagoda, Quercus nigra, Quercus hemisphaerica, Pinus taeda, Pinus glabra, Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa sylvatica, Liriodendron tulipifera, Fraxinus americana, Quercus michauxii, Quercus falcata, Quercus velutina, Quercus laurifolia, Carya tomentosa (in the north), Carya glabra, Ulmus alata, and Pinus echinata. Species in the subcanopy include Acer floridanum, Acer rubrum, Oxydendrum arboreum, Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana, Ostrya virginiana, Prunus caroliniana, Prunus serotina, Symplocos tinctoria, Magnolia macrophylla (rare to the west), Halesia diptera, Styrax grandifolius, Sassafras albidum, Ilex opaca, Hamamelis virginiana, Crataegus marshallii, Morus rubra, and Cornus florida. Common shrubs are Illicium floridanum (in some examples), Ilex longipes (in the west), Ilex vomitoria, Callicarpa americana, Euonymus americanus, Hypericum hypericoides, Asimina parviflora, Osmanthus americanus (rare to the west), Viburnum dentatum, Amelanchier canadensis, Vaccinium arboreum, Chionanthus virginicus (rare to the west), Vaccinium elliottii, Aesculus pavia var. pavia, Ditrysinia fruticosa, Persea borbonia, and rarely Stewartia malacodendron. Common woody vines include Vitis rotundifolia, Smilax rotundifolia, Smilax pumila, Smilax glauca, Smilax smallii, Berchemia scandens, Bignonia capreolata, and Lonicera sempervirens. The herb layer includes a mix of Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia, Solidago arguta var. boottii, Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum, Viola walteri, Arisaema triphyllum, Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, Chasmanthium laxum, Carex spp., Oplismenus hirtellus ssp. setarius, Epifagus virginiana, Podophyllum peltatum, Uvularia perfoliata, Polygonatum biflorum, Mitchella repens, Trillium foetidissimum, Tipularia discolor, Polystichum acrostichoides, Dioscorea quaternata, Scleria sp., Aristolochia serpentaria, Sanicula canadensis, Lilium michauxii, Spigelia marilandica, Euphorbia corollata, Solidago caesia, Smilax herbacea (very uncommon), and rarely Chamaelirium luteum. The troublesome exotics Ligustrum sinense, Lygodium japonicum, and Lonicera japonica are usually present to a greater or lesser degree in stands of this type. This association occurs in the central and eastern Florida parishes (essentially east of the Amite River) of eastern Louisiana, and extends eastwards into the Coastal Plain of Mississippi, Alabama, and western Florida.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Toward the northern edge of the range of this association, the canopy may contain substantial Quercus alba, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Fagus grandifolia; Magnolia grandiflora may be primarily in the subcanopy in these examples. See also ~Fagus grandifolia - Quercus alba - Liquidambar styraciflua / Magnolia grandiflora / Smilax pumila Forest (CEGL007210)$$ for a related slightly less mesic forest with less dominance by Magnolia grandiflora. The former Pinus glabra - Pinus taeda - Fagus grandifolia - Quercus alba - Magnolia grandiflora Forest (CEGL007510) has been merged into this association by making Illicium floridanum optional as a dominant shrub in the title and broadening the floristic description to include species in CEGL007510. Research into differences between the Louisiana and Alabama beech-magnolia forests and those in Panhandle Florida, if there are any, is warranted.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Canopies are diverse in stands of this association; some common trees are Fagus grandifolia, Magnolia grandiflora, Quercus alba, Quercus pagoda, Quercus nigra, Quercus hemisphaerica, Pinus taeda, Pinus glabra, Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa sylvatica, Liriodendron tulipifera, Fraxinus americana, Quercus michauxii, Quercus falcata, Quercus velutina, Quercus laurifolia, Carya tomentosa (= Carya alba) (in the north), Carya glabra, Ulmus alata, and Pinus echinata. Species in the subcanopy include Acer floridanum (= Acer barbatum), Acer rubrum, Oxydendrum arboreum, Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana, Ostrya virginiana, Prunus caroliniana, Prunus serotina, Symplocos tinctoria, Magnolia macrophylla (rare to the west), Halesia diptera, Styrax grandifolius, Sassafras albidum, Ilex opaca, Hamamelis virginiana, Crataegus marshallii, Morus rubra, and Cornus florida. Common shrubs are Illicium floridanum (in some examples), Ilex longipes (in the west), Ilex vomitoria, Callicarpa americana, Euonymus americanus, Hypericum hypericoides, Asimina parviflora, Osmanthus americanus (rare to the west), Viburnum dentatum, Amelanchier canadensis, Vaccinium arboreum, Chionanthus virginicus (rare to the west), Vaccinium elliottii, Aesculus pavia var. pavia, Ditrysinia fruticosa (= Sebastiania fruticosa), Persea borbonia, and rarely Stewartia malacodendron. Common woody vines include Vitis rotundifolia, Smilax rotundifolia, Smilax pumila, Smilax glauca, Smilax smallii, Berchemia scandens, Bignonia capreolata, and Lonicera sempervirens. The herb layer includes a mix of Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia, Solidago arguta var. boottii, Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum, Viola walteri, Arisaema triphyllum, Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, Chasmanthium laxum, Carex spp., Oplismenus hirtellus ssp. setarius (= Oplismenus setarius), Epifagus virginiana, Podophyllum peltatum, Uvularia perfoliata, Polygonatum biflorum, Mitchella repens, Trillium foetidissimum, Tipularia discolor, Polystichum acrostichoides, Dioscorea quaternata, Scleria sp., Aristolochia serpentaria, Sanicula canadensis, Lilium michauxii, Spigelia marilandica, Euphorbia corollata, Solidago caesia, Smilax herbacea (very uncommon), and rarely Chamaelirium luteum. The troublesome exotics Ligustrum sinense, Lygodium japonicum, and Lonicera japonica are usually present to a greater or lesser degree in stands of this type.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This forest occurs in ravines and on broad upland flats, on somewhat acidic to circumneutral loamy soils which are not subject to flooding, or sometimes in temporarily flooded situations. These mesic to dry-mesic forests occur in hilly transitional areas from longleaf pine hills to stream bottoms, and are often best expressed in areas of steep slopes (or along alluvial flats).
Geographic Range: This association occurs in the central and eastern Florida parishes (essentially east of the Amite River) of eastern Louisiana, extending eastward into the Coastal Plain of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and western Florida.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: AL, FL, GA, LA, MS
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.689588
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.1 Warm Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F018 | 1.B.1 |
| Division | 1.B.1.Na Southeastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D006 | 1.B.1.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.1.Na.3 American Beech - Southern Magnolia - White Oak Forest Macrogroup | M008 | 1.B.1.Na.3 |
| Group | 1.B.1.Na.3.a American Beech - Southern Magnolia - Oak species Forest Group | G007 | 1.B.1.Na.3.a |
| Alliance | A0369 American Beech - Southern Magnolia Forest Alliance | A0369 | 1.B.1.Na.3.a |
| Association | CEGL007460 American Beech - Southern Magnolia - Spruce Pine - (Bigleaf Magnolia) / (Florida Anisetree) Forest | CEGL007460 | 1.B.1.Na.3.a |
Concept Lineage: merged into this association by making Illicium floridanum optional as a dominant shrub in the title and broadening the floristic description to include species in 7510
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: < IA8e. Beech - Magnolia Forest (Allard 1990)
- ALNHP [Alabama Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data on file. Alabama Natural Heritage Program, Auburn University.
- Allard, D. J. 1990. Southeastern United States ecological community classification. Interim report, Version 1.2. The Nature Conservancy, Southeast Regional Office, Chapel Hill, NC. 96 pp.
- Delcourt, H. R., and P. A. Delcourt. 1977. Presettlement magnolia-beech climax of the Gulf Coastal Plain: Quantitative evidence from the Apalachicola River bluffs, north-central Florida. Ecology 58:1085-1093.
- FNAI [Florida Natural Areas Inventory]. 2010a. Guide to the natural communities of Florida: 2010 edition. Florida Natural Areas Inventory, Tallahassee, FL. 228 pp. [https://fnai.org/naturalcommguide.cfm]
- GNHP [Georgia Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. Georgia Natural Heritage Program, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle.
- Kwit, C., M. W. Schwartz, W. J. Platt, and J. P. Geaghan. 1998. The distribution of tree species in steepheads of the Apalachicola River Bluffs, Florida. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 125(4):309-318.
- MSNHP [Mississippi Natural Heritage Program]. 2006. Ecological communities of Mississippi. Museum of Natural Science, Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks, Jackson, MS. 9 pp.
- NatureServe Ecology - Southeastern United States. No date. Unpublished data. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
- Platt, W. J., and M. W. Schwartz. 1990. Temperate hardwood forests. Pages 194-229 in: R. L. Myers and J. J. Ewel, editors. Ecosystems of Florida. University of Central Florida Press, Orlando.
- Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.