Print Report
CEGL007246 Quercus falcata - Quercus stellata - Carya tomentosa / Vaccinium spp. Coastal Plain Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Southern Red Oak - Post Oak - Mockernut Hickory / Blueberry species Coastal Plain Forest
Colloquial Name: Eastern Coastal Plain Dry Acidic Oak - Hickory Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This forest occurs on dry, acidic soils in naturally fire-protected landscapes in the Atlantic Coastal Plain and portions of the lower East Gulf Coastal Plain and Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain. Examples are generally dominated by Quercus falcata and Quercus stellata, with less Quercus alba. In addition, Carya tomentosa or Carya pallida may be a component. Pines (e.g., Pinus echinata, Pinus palustris, Pinus taeda) may be a significant component but are not dominant. Many examples have a well-developed subcanopy of Cornus florida. Danthonia spicata is the dominant herbaceous plant on some sites in Tennessee (Shiloh National Military Park).
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This association needs further clarification and expansion with subsequent range assessment. The concept and description are based on Schafale and Weakley 1990, and data are needed from other parts of the putative range.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Stands of this association are generally dominated by Quercus falcata and Quercus stellata, with less Quercus alba. In addition, Carya tomentosa (= Carya alba) or Carya pallida may be a component. Pines (e.g., Pinus echinata, Pinus palustris, Pinus taeda) may be a significant component but are not dominant (Schafale and Weakley 1990). Many examples have a well-developed subcanopy of Cornus florida. At Fort Benning, Georgia, some examples of this or related vegetation are present downslope from Quercus laevis woodlands and upslope from Nyssa biflora saturated forests. Stands contain Quercus falcata, Quercus velutina, Quercus margarettae, Quercus coccinea, and Carya pallida with Cornus florida and a low-density shrub/herb stratum which may contain Symplocos tinctoria and Vaccinium stamineum. These are areas which would be dominated by Pinus palustris (within its range) under more frequent fire.
This association is documented in 5 plots at Shiloh. One of these plots (SHIL.5) is in a monument area that is mowed and lacks any tall shrubs. The dominant canopy tree is Quercus falcata with Carya tomentosa, Quercus stellata, and Liquidambar styraciflua also important or codominant in the canopy. Pinus virginiana and Pinus echinata can also be found in the canopy in some plots. The subcanopy can be dominated by Quercus alba, Quercus falcata, Quercus stellata, Quercus marilandica, or Pinus virginiana. Other subcanopy trees include Carpinus caroliniana, Carya tomentosa, Liquidambar styraciflua, Cornus florida, Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus echinata, Acer rubrum, Amelanchier arborea, Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Carya glabra, Pinus taeda, Carya pallida, Prunus serotina, Quercus rubra, Quercus velutina, and Ulmus alata. Tall shrubs are absent from some plots, but where present Vaccinium arboreum and Vaccinium stamineum are the most abundant. Nyssa sylvatica, Acer rubrum, Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Carya pallida, Quercus marilandica, Quercus velutina, Fagus grandifolia, and Liquidambar styraciflua also can be present, and at sparse amounts of tall-shrub cover are Quercus rubra, Quercus coccinea, Cornus florida, Sassafras albidum, Diospyros virginiana, Amelanchier arborea, Ulmus alata, and Pinus virginiana. Short shrubs tend to be quite sparse, but Vaccinium arboreum and Vaccinium stamineum are the most abundant. Other short shrubs are Carpinus caroliniana, Hypericum hypericoides, Albizia julibrissin, Lonicera japonica, Malus pumila, Viburnum rufidulum, Vitis rotundifolia, Sassafras albidum, Hypericum hypericoides ssp. multicaule, Diospyros virginiana, Gleditsia triacanthos, Prunus serotina, Rosa carolina, Pinus taeda, Toxicodendron radicans, Rhus copallinum, Smilax rotundifolia, and Smilax glauca. Danthonia spicata is the most abundant herb in the plots where it is found. Krigia dandelion and Schizachyrium scoparium are also important. Herbs are otherwise sparse and include Hieracium gronovii, Aureolaria pectinata, Lespedeza repens, Sericocarpus linifolius, Lespedeza virginica, Orbexilum pedunculatum, Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum, Dichanthelium depauperatum, Lespedeza procumbens, Andropogon gyrans, Coreopsis major, Viola x palmata, Mimosa microphylla, Andropogon virginicus, Tephrosia virginiana, Solidago odora, Gillenia stipulata (= Porteranthus stipulatus), Galactia volubilis, Tridens flavus, Mitchella repens, Liatris aspera, Dichanthelium laxiflorum, Galium pilosum, Eupatorium rotundifolium var. ovatum, Stylosanthes biflora, Lespedeza repens, Ruellia strepens, Elephantopus tomentosus, Kummerowia striata, Diodia teres, Chrysopsis mariana, Eremochloa ophiuroides, and Paspalum laeve.
This association is documented in 5 plots at Shiloh. One of these plots (SHIL.5) is in a monument area that is mowed and lacks any tall shrubs. The dominant canopy tree is Quercus falcata with Carya tomentosa, Quercus stellata, and Liquidambar styraciflua also important or codominant in the canopy. Pinus virginiana and Pinus echinata can also be found in the canopy in some plots. The subcanopy can be dominated by Quercus alba, Quercus falcata, Quercus stellata, Quercus marilandica, or Pinus virginiana. Other subcanopy trees include Carpinus caroliniana, Carya tomentosa, Liquidambar styraciflua, Cornus florida, Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus echinata, Acer rubrum, Amelanchier arborea, Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Carya glabra, Pinus taeda, Carya pallida, Prunus serotina, Quercus rubra, Quercus velutina, and Ulmus alata. Tall shrubs are absent from some plots, but where present Vaccinium arboreum and Vaccinium stamineum are the most abundant. Nyssa sylvatica, Acer rubrum, Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Carya pallida, Quercus marilandica, Quercus velutina, Fagus grandifolia, and Liquidambar styraciflua also can be present, and at sparse amounts of tall-shrub cover are Quercus rubra, Quercus coccinea, Cornus florida, Sassafras albidum, Diospyros virginiana, Amelanchier arborea, Ulmus alata, and Pinus virginiana. Short shrubs tend to be quite sparse, but Vaccinium arboreum and Vaccinium stamineum are the most abundant. Other short shrubs are Carpinus caroliniana, Hypericum hypericoides, Albizia julibrissin, Lonicera japonica, Malus pumila, Viburnum rufidulum, Vitis rotundifolia, Sassafras albidum, Hypericum hypericoides ssp. multicaule, Diospyros virginiana, Gleditsia triacanthos, Prunus serotina, Rosa carolina, Pinus taeda, Toxicodendron radicans, Rhus copallinum, Smilax rotundifolia, and Smilax glauca. Danthonia spicata is the most abundant herb in the plots where it is found. Krigia dandelion and Schizachyrium scoparium are also important. Herbs are otherwise sparse and include Hieracium gronovii, Aureolaria pectinata, Lespedeza repens, Sericocarpus linifolius, Lespedeza virginica, Orbexilum pedunculatum, Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum, Dichanthelium depauperatum, Lespedeza procumbens, Andropogon gyrans, Coreopsis major, Viola x palmata, Mimosa microphylla, Andropogon virginicus, Tephrosia virginiana, Solidago odora, Gillenia stipulata (= Porteranthus stipulatus), Galactia volubilis, Tridens flavus, Mitchella repens, Liatris aspera, Dichanthelium laxiflorum, Galium pilosum, Eupatorium rotundifolium var. ovatum, Stylosanthes biflora, Lespedeza repens, Ruellia strepens, Elephantopus tomentosus, Kummerowia striata, Diodia teres, Chrysopsis mariana, Eremochloa ophiuroides, and Paspalum laeve.
Dynamics: Pine/Scrub Oak Sandhill communities which, after long fire suppression, have been invaded by these oaks resemble this type, but natural examples may occur in similar sites which are associated with natural firebreaks such as bluffs (Schafale and Weakley 1990).
Environmental Description: Stands of this association are found on sandy Coastal Plain sites associated with natural firebreaks such as bluffs or somewhat isolated ridges. Their isolation from most natural fire events is generally due to the local landscape in which they occur and is not due to management factors. At Shiloh NMP (Tennessee) this association is found on silt loams in xeric conditions on flat areas on upland ridges and southwest-facing slopes.
Geographic Range: This type ranges from the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina to the Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain of western Tennessee , but presumably occurs in other portions of the Coastal Plain south and west to eastern Louisiana.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: AL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, TN
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.689582
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4?
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.1 Warm Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F018 | 1.B.1 |
| Division | 1.B.1.Na Southeastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D006 | 1.B.1.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.1.Na.3 American Beech - Southern Magnolia - White Oak Forest Macrogroup | M008 | 1.B.1.Na.3 |
| Group | 1.B.1.Na.3.c Southern Red Oak - White Oak - Loblolly Pine Forest Group | G895 | 1.B.1.Na.3.c |
| Alliance | A4440 Southern Red Oak - White Oak - Sand Hickory Forest Alliance | A4440 | 1.B.1.Na.3.c |
| Association | CEGL007246 Southern Red Oak - Post Oak - Mockernut Hickory / Blueberry species Coastal Plain Forest | CEGL007246 | 1.B.1.Na.3.c |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Blackjack oak-deerberry-broomsedge community (Jones et al. 1981b)
< Dry Oak--Hickory Forest (Coastal Plain Subtype) (Schafale and Weakley 1990)
< Dry Oak--Hickory Forest (Coastal Plain Subtype) (Schafale and Weakley 1990)
- GNHP [Georgia Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. Georgia Natural Heritage Program, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle.
- Jones, S. M., D. H. Van Lear, and S. K. Cox. 1981b. Major forest community types of the Savannah River Plant: A field guide. USDE Savannah River Plant, National Environmental Research Park Program. Report No. SRO-NERP-9. 79 pp. plus 24 illustrations.
- Nelson, J. B. 1986. The natural communities of South Carolina: Initial classification and description. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Columbia, SC. 55 pp.
- Nordman, C., M. Russo, and L. Smart. 2011. Vegetation types of the Natchez Trace Parkway, based on the U.S. National Vegetation Classification. NatureServe Central Databases (International Ecological Classification Standard: Terrestrial Ecological Classifications). Arlington, VA. Data current as of 11 April 2011. 548 pp.
- Schafale, M. P. 2012. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina, 4th Approximation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh.
- Schafale, M. P., and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina. Third approximation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh. 325 pp.
- Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
- White, Jr., R. D. 2005. Vascular plant inventory and plant community classification for Fort Donelson National Battlefield. NatureServe, Durham, NC. 135 pp.