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CEGL006009 Acer rubrum - Fraxinus nigra - (Larix laricina) / Rhamnus alnifolia Swamp Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Red Maple - Black Ash - (Tamarack) / Alderleaf Buckthorn Swamp Forest
Colloquial Name: Red Maple - Black Ash Rich Seepage Swamp Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: These calcareous or circumneutral seepage swamps of the northeastern United States have moderate to closed canopies and a rich herb layer influenced by calcium-rich groundwater seepage. These can occur along streams or at headwaters in areas of calcareous bedrock. Soils are saturated, organic muck or peat that can be quite deep. The canopy is dominated by Acer rubrum and Larix laricina, with Fraxinus nigra sometimes prominent. Canopy associates include Betula alleghaniensis, Tsuga canadensis, Pinus strobus, Carpinus caroliniana, and Picea rubens, the latter especially in the north or at higher elevations. Shrub cover varies with canopy cover and can be quite dense; typical species include Toxicodendron vernix, Rhamnus alnifolia, Cornus sericea, Salix candida, Ilex verticillata, Vaccinium corymbosum, and occasionally Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda and Betula pumila. The diverse herb layer is characterized by Saxifraga pensylvanica, Caltha palustris, Cardamine bulbosa, Geum rivale, Osmunda cinnamomea, Carex leptalea, Carex interior, Carex stricta, Carex lacustris, Carex flava, Solidago patula, Iris versicolor, Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum, Cardamine douglassii, Thelypteris palustris, Dryopteris cristata, Solidago patula, Packera aurea, and Symplocarpus foetidus; plus Cypripedium reginae, Cypripedium parviflorum, and Platanthera dilatata.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: No Data Available
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The canopy is dominated by Acer rubrum and Larix laricina, with Fraxinus nigra sometimes prominent. Canopy associates include Betula alleghaniensis, Tsuga canadensis, Pinus strobus, Carpinus caroliniana, and Picea rubens, the latter especially in the north or at higher elevations. Shrub cover varies with canopy cover and can be quite dense; typical species include Toxicodendron vernix, Rhamnus alnifolia, Cornus sericea, Salix candida, Ilex verticillata, Vaccinium corymbosum, and occasionally Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda and Betula pumila. The diverse herb layer is characterized by Saxifraga pensylvanica, Caltha palustris, Cardamine bulbosa, Geum rivale, Osmunda cinnamomea, Carex leptalea, Carex interior, Carex stricta, Carex lacustris, Carex flava, Solidago patula, Iris versicolor, Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum, Cardamine douglassii, Thelypteris palustris, Dryopteris cristata, Solidago patula, Packera aurea (= Senecio aureus), and Symplocarpus foetidus; plus Cypripedium reginae, Cypripedium parviflorum (= Cypripedium calceolus), and Platanthera dilatata.
Dynamics: The presence of Larix laricina indicates the maintenance of canopy gaps within these swamps.
Environmental Description: These forests occur along streams or at headwaters in areas of calcareous bedrock. Soils are saturated organic muck or peat that can be quite deep. These swamps are influenced by calcium-rich groundwater seepage.
Geographic Range: This community is found in the northeastern United States from New Hampshire and Vermont to New Jersey.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: CT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA?, QC?, RI, VT
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.689355
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNR
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.3 Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest Formation | F026 | 1.B.3 |
| Division | 1.B.3.Na Eastern North American-Great Plains Flooded & Swamp Forest Division | D011 | 1.B.3.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.3.Na.3 <i>Tsuga canadensis - Fraxinus nigra - Larix laricina</i> Flooded & Swamp Forest Macrogroup | M504 | 1.B.3.Na.3 |
| Group | 1.B.3.Na.3.d Northern White-cedar - Black Ash - Red Maple Swamp Forest Group | G046 | 1.B.3.Na.3.d |
| Alliance | A4463 <i>Fraxinus nigra - Acer rubrum - Larix laricina</i> Acadian-Appalachian Swamp Forest Alliance | A4463 | 1.B.3.Na.3.d |
| Association | CEGL006009 Red Maple - Black Ash - (Tamarack) / Alderleaf Buckthorn Swamp Forest | CEGL006009 | 1.B.3.Na.3.d |
Concept Lineage: Merged per LNE classification review meeting (5/03).
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: < Black Ash - American Elm - Red Maple: 39 (Eyre 1980)
? Calcareous Seepage Swamp (Breden 1989)
? Red maple-black ash forested swamp (CAP pers. comm. 1998)
? SNE Calcareous Seepage Swamp (Rawinski 1984a)
? Calcareous Seepage Swamp (Breden 1989)
? Red maple-black ash forested swamp (CAP pers. comm. 1998)
? SNE Calcareous Seepage Swamp (Rawinski 1984a)
- Breden, T. F. 1989. A preliminary natural community classification for New Jersey. Pages 157-191 in: E. F. Karlin, editor. New Jersey''s rare and endangered plants and animals. Institute for Environmental Studies, Ramapo College, Mahwah, NJ. 280 pp.
- Breden, T. F., Y. R. Alger, K. S. Walz, and A. G. Windisch. 2001. Classification of vegetation communities of New Jersey: Second iteration. Association for Biodiversity Information and New Jersey Natural Heritage Program, Office of Natural Lands Management, Division of Parks and Forestry, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Trenton.
- CAP [Central Appalachian Forest Working Group]. 1998. Central Appalachian Working group discussions. The Nature Conservancy, Boston, MA.
- CDPNQ [Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec]. No date. Unpublished data. Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec, Québec.
- Eastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boston, MA.
- Edinger, G. J., D. J. Evans, S. Gebauer, T. G. Howard, D. M. Hunt, and A. M. Olivero, editors. 2014a. Ecological communities of New York state. Second edition. A revised and expanded edition of Carol Reschke''s ecological communities of New York state. New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY.
- Eyre, F. H., editor. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters, Washington, DC. 148 pp.
- Fike, J. 1999. Terrestrial and palustrine plant communities of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Recreation, Bureau of Forestry, Harrisburg, PA. 86 pp.
- Golet, F. C., A. J. K. Calhoun, W. R. DeRagon, D. J. Lowry, and A. J. Gold. 1993. Ecology of red maple swamps in the glaciated Northeast: A community profile. USDI Fish & Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. 151 pp.
- Metzler, K., and J. Barrett. 2006. The vegetation of Connecticut: A preliminary classification. State Geological and Natural History Survey, Report of Investigations No. 12. Connecticut Natural Diversity Database, Hartford, CT.
- Rawinski, T. 1984a. Natural community description abstract - southern New England calcareous seepage swamp. Unpublished report. The Nature Conservancy, Boston, MA. 6 pp.
- Sperduto, D. D., and W. F. Nichols. 2004. Natural communities of New Hampshire: A guide and classification. New Hampshire Natural Heritage Bureau, DRED Division of Forests and Lands, Concord. 242 pp.
- Swain, P. C., and J. B. Kearsley. 2014. Classification of the natural communities of Massachusetts. Version 2.0. Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. Westborough, MA. [http://www.mass.gov/nhesp/http://www.mass.gov/eea/agencies/dfg/dfw/natural-heritage/natural-communities/classification-of-natural-communities.html]
- Thompson, E. H., and E. R. Sorenson. 2005. Wetland, woodland, wildland: A guide to the natural communities of Vermont. The Nature Conservancy and the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife. University Press of New England, Hanover, NH. 456 pp.