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CEGL006010 Pinus resinosa / Gaylussacia baccata - Vaccinium angustifolium Woodland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Red Pine / Black Huckleberry - Lowbush Blueberry Woodland
Colloquial Name: Red Pine Woodland
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This red pine - heath woodland is scattered across the glaciated regions of the northeastern United States (and possibly adjacent Canada). Usually found on bedrock outcrops or mid-elevation ridges and summits, it can also occur on steep, excessively drained glacial deposits such as eskers and deltas. Elevations of known examples range from 152-823 m (500-2700 feet); most are at 305-732 m (1000-2400 feet). The soils are dry, acidic, and nutrient-poor; on outcrops, soil development is restricted to crevices or sheltered areas interspersed with significant amounts of exposed bedrock. Most if not all sites have a history of fire. Scattered conifers form a partial canopy over a patchy, but locally extensive, heath-forb understory. The bryoid layer may be extensive, with lichens generally more abundant than bryophytes. Pinus resinosa dominates the canopy. Associates at lower elevations include Quercus rubra, Pinus strobus, and Acer rubrum; as elevation increases above about 610 m (2000 feet), the common associates become Picea rubens, Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera, Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia, and Abies balsamea. Scattered shrubs include Sorbus americana, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides, Acer pensylvanicum, Ilex mucronata, Aronia melanocarpa, or Amelanchier spp. The low heath layer is characteristically well-developed, and typical species include Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Vaccinium pallidum, Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia angustifolia, and, at higher elevations, Diervilla lonicera. Herbs, less abundant than the dwarf-shrubs, include graminoids such as Deschampsia flexuosa, Danthonia spicata, and Carex lucorum; Pteridium aquilinum as a typical fern; and forbs such as Sibbaldiopsis tridentata, Solidago simplex var. randii, Corydalis sempervirens, Epigaea repens, Maianthemum canadense, Aralia nudicaulis, and Gaultheria procumbens. Rock outcrops have abundant mosses (Grimmia spp. and others) and lichens (Cladonia spp.). The ground cover is sparse needle litter and exposed bedrock. Red pine is fire-resistant, and fire appears be important in maintaining its dominance at some sites. In the absence of fire, the associated spruces, white pines, and hardwoods tend to become more abundant. The open red pine canopy and well-developed dwarf-shrub layer dominated by heaths are diagnostic features of this association.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: No Data Available
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Scattered conifers form a partial canopy over a patchy, but locally extensive, heath-forb understory. The bryoid layer may be extensive, with lichens generally more abundant than bryophytes. Pinus resinosa dominates the canopy. Associates at lower elevations include Quercus rubra, Pinus strobus, and Acer rubrum; as elevation increases above about 610 m (2000 feet), the common associates become Picea rubens, Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera, Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia, and Abies balsamea. Scattered shrubs include Sorbus americana, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides, Acer pensylvanicum, Ilex mucronata (= Nemopanthus mucronatus), Aronia melanocarpa, or Amelanchier spp. The low heath layer is characteristically well-developed, and typical species include Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Vaccinium pallidum, Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia angustifolia, and, at higher elevations, Diervilla lonicera. Herbs, less abundant than the dwarf-shrubs, include graminoids such as Deschampsia flexuosa, Danthonia spicata, and Carex lucorum; Pteridium aquilinum as a typical fern; and forbs such as Sibbaldiopsis tridentata, Solidago simplex var. randii, Corydalis sempervirens, Epigaea repens, Maianthemum canadense, Aralia nudicaulis, and Gaultheria procumbens. Rock outcrops have abundant mosses (Grimmia spp. and others) and lichens (Cladonia spp.). The ground cover is sparse needle litter and exposed bedrock.
Dynamics: Red pine is fire-resistant, and fire appears be important in maintaining its dominance at some sites. In the absence of fire, the associated spruces, white pines, and hardwoods tend to become more abundant.
Environmental Description: This red pine - heath woodland is scattered across the glaciated regions of the northeastern United States (and possibly adjacent Canada). Usually found on bedrock outcrops or mid-elevation ridges and summits, it can also occur on steep, excessively drained glacial deposits such as eskers and deltas. Elevations of known examples range from 152-823 m (500-2700 feet); most are at 305-732 m (1000-2400 feet). The soils are dry, acidic, and nutrient-poor; on outcrops, soil development is restricted to crevices or sheltered areas interspersed with significant amounts of exposed bedrock. Most if not all sites have a history of fire.
Geographic Range: No Data Available
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: ME, NB, NH, NY, QC?, VT
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.689354
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3G5
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.6 Eastern White Pine - Jack Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M159 | 1.B.2.Na.6 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.6.g <i>Pinus strobus - Pinus resinosa - Picea rubens</i> Forest & Woodland Group | G908 | 1.B.2.Na.6.g |
| Alliance | A4454 Jack Pine - Red Pine - Red Spruce Acadian-Appalachian Forest & Woodland Alliance | A4454 | 1.B.2.Na.6.g |
| Association | CEGL006010 Red Pine / Black Huckleberry - Lowbush Blueberry Woodland | CEGL006010 | 1.B.2.Na.6.g |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: < Red Pine: 15 (Eyre 1980)
- CDPNQ [Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec]. No date. Unpublished data. Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec, Québec.
- Eastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boston, MA.
- Edinger, G. J., D. J. Evans, S. Gebauer, T. G. Howard, D. M. Hunt, and A. M. Olivero, editors. 2014a. Ecological communities of New York state. Second edition. A revised and expanded edition of Carol Reschke''s ecological communities of New York state. New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY.
- Eyre, F. H., editor. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters, Washington, DC. 148 pp.
- Gawler, S. C. 2002. Natural landscapes of Maine: A guide to vegetated natural communities and ecosystems. Maine Natural Areas Program, Department of Conservation, Augusta, ME.
- Gawler, S. C., and A. Cutko. 2010. Natural landscapes of Maine: A classification of vegetated natural communities and ecosystems. Maine Natural Areas Program, Department of Conservation, Augusta.
- Lubinski, S., K. Hop, and S. Gawler. 2003. Vegetation Mapping Program: Acadia National Park, Maine. Report produced by U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, and Maine Natural Areas Program in conjunction with M. Story (NPS Vegetation Mapping Coordinator) NPS, Natural Resources Information Division, Inventory and Monitoring Program, and K. Brown (USGS Vegetation Mapping Coordinator), USGS, Center for Biological Informatics and NatureServe. [http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/ftp/vegmapping/acad/reports/acadrpt.pdf]
- Sperduto, D. D., and W. F. Nichols. 2004. Natural communities of New Hampshire: A guide and classification. New Hampshire Natural Heritage Bureau, DRED Division of Forests and Lands, Concord. 242 pp.
- Thompson, E. H., and E. R. Sorenson. 2005. Wetland, woodland, wildland: A guide to the natural communities of Vermont. The Nature Conservancy and the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife. University Press of New England, Hanover, NH. 456 pp.