Print Report
CEGL006921 Fagus grandifolia - Betula lenta - Quercus (alba, rubra) / Carpinus caroliniana Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: American Beech - Sweet Birch - (White Oak, Northern Red Oak) / American Hornbeam Forest
Colloquial Name: Northern Piedmont Mesic Beech - Oak Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This mesic hardwood forest occurs in the northern Piedmont of New Jersey, Delaware, and is likely to occur in Maryland. This association occurs on gently sloping sites, and soils may be rocky. The canopy is characterized by Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Betula lenta, with associated species including Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, Nyssa sylvatica, Fraxinus americana, and Carya spp. The shrub layer is dominated by Carpinus caroliniana, with lesser amounts of Cornus florida, Hamamelis virginiana, and Lindera benzoin. Other shrub associates include Viburnum acerifolium, Vaccinium pallidum, Viburnum dentatum, and Hamamelis virginiana. The herbaceous layer is characterized by Polystichum acrostichoides, Arisaema triphyllum, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Mitchella repens, Medeola virginiana, Polystichum acrostichoides, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Polygonatum biflorum, Galium circaezans, Botrychium virginianum, and Amphicarpaea bracteata. This association is similar to ~Fagus grandifolia - Quercus (alba, rubra) - Liriodendron tulipifera / (Ilex opaca) Forest (CEGL006075)$$ but is characterized by the presence of Betula lenta and the lack or negligible presence of Coastal Plain species such as Ilex opaca or Liquidambar styraciflua.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This vegetation was initially described based on GAP GT sites (SM3, SM5, SM6) within Sourland Mountain Preserve. This association is similar to ~Fagus grandifolia - Quercus (alba, rubra) - Liriodendron tulipifera / (Ilex opaca) Forest (CEGL006075)$$, except it occurs north of the Coastal Plain.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: These mesic hardwood forests occur north of the Coastal Plain (especially in the northern Piedmont of New Jersey). The canopy is characterized by Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Betula lenta, with associated species including Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, Nyssa sylvatica, Fraxinus americana, and Carya spp. The shrub layer is dominated by Carpinus caroliniana, with lesser amounts of Cornus florida, Hamamelis virginiana, and Lindera benzoin. Other shrub associates include Viburnum acerifolium, Vaccinium pallidum, Viburnum dentatum, and Hamamelis virginiana. The herbaceous layer is characterized by Polystichum acrostichoides, Arisaema triphyllum, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Mitchella repens, Medeola virginiana, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Polygonatum biflorum, Galium circaezans, Botrychium virginianum, and Amphicarpaea bracteata.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This association occurs on gently sloping sites, and soils may be rocky.
Geographic Range: This vegetation occurs in the mid-Atlantic states.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: DE, MD?, NJ
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.689321
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNR
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.9 Pitch Pine - oak spp. - American Holly North Atlantic Forest Macrogroup | M525 | 1.B.2.Na.9 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.9.b Black Oak - American Beech - Pitch Pine Coastal Plain Forest Group | G894 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
| Alliance | A2054 American Beech - Northern Red Oak / Flowering Dogwood Forest Alliance | A2054 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
| Association | CEGL006921 American Beech - Sweet Birch - (White Oak, Northern Red Oak) / American Hornbeam Forest | CEGL006921 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Mesic Oak - Beech Forest (Sneddon 2008)
= Mesic Piedmont Mixed Hardwood Forest (Bowman 2000)
>< Mixed Hardwoods community (Ehrenfeld 1977)
>< Mixed Oak - Beech community (Ehrenfeld 1977)
>< Mixed Oak - Yellow Poplar community (Ehrenfeld 1977)
>< Mixed oak - Black Birch community (Ehrenfeld 1977)
= Mesic Piedmont Mixed Hardwood Forest (Bowman 2000)
>< Mixed Hardwoods community (Ehrenfeld 1977)
>< Mixed Oak - Beech community (Ehrenfeld 1977)
>< Mixed Oak - Yellow Poplar community (Ehrenfeld 1977)
>< Mixed oak - Black Birch community (Ehrenfeld 1977)
- Bowman, P. 2000. Draft classification for Delaware. Unpublished draft. Delaware Natural Heritage Program, Smyrna, DE.
- Coxe, R. 2009. Guide to Delaware vegetation communities. Spring 2009 edition. State of Delaware, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Delaware Natural Heritage Program, Smyrna.
- Eastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boston, MA.
- Ehrenfeld, J. G. 1977. Vegetation of Morristown National Historical Park: Ecological analysis and management alternatives. Final Report. USDI National Park Service Contract No. 1600-7-0004. 166 pp.
- Sneddon, L. A. 2008. Vegetation classification and mapping of Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. Final report submitted to the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service. NatureServe, Eastern Regional Office, Boston, MA.
- Sneddon, L., R. E. Zaremba, E. Largay, G. Podniesinski, S. Perles, and J. Thompson. 2008. Vegetation classification and mapping of Morristown National Historical Park, New Jersey. Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR--2008/116. National Park Service, Philadelphia, PA. 162 pp. [http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/morr/morrrpt.pdf]