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CEGL002100 Quercus palustris - Quercus bicolor - Nyssa sylvatica - Acer rubrum Sand Wet Flatwoods Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Pin Oak - Swamp White Oak - Blackgum - Red Maple Sand Wet Flatwoods Forest
Colloquial Name: Pin Oak - Swamp White Oak Sand Wet Flatwoods
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This pin oak - swamp white oak sand flatwoods community is found in the midwestern United States and adjacent Canada. Stands occur on poorly drained uplands or in depressions on level glacial lakeplains or outwash plains. A perched water table over an impermeable clay layer leads to ponding in spring and droughts in summer. Deciduous hardwoods and softwoods dominate the tree canopy. Dominants include several oaks, Quercus palustris and Quercus bicolor, as well as Acer rubrum and Nyssa sylvatica. The shrub layer may contain Ilex verticillata, Spiraea tomentosa, and Vaccinium angustifolium. Herbaceous species include Maianthemum canadense, Mitchella repens, Osmunda cinnamomea, and Osmunda regalis.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Concept of the type is that of a somewhat acidic sand flatwoods. Glyceria striata may be common in the understory. Type shows some similarity to ~Quercus palustris - Quercus bicolor - (Liquidambar styraciflua) Swamp Forest (CEGL002432)$$, which occurs further south.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Deciduous hardwoods and softwoods dominate the tree canopy. Dominants include several oaks, Quercus palustris and Quercus bicolor, as well as Acer rubrum and Nyssa sylvatica. The shrub layer may contain Ilex verticillata, Spiraea tomentosa, and Vaccinium angustifolium. Herbaceous species include Maianthemum canadense, Mitchella repens, Osmunda cinnamomea, and Osmunda regalis (White and Madany 1978).
Dynamics: Given that fire was probably common in adjacent landscapes, sand flatwoods may have experienced fire during drought periods. Some may have supported sand prairie flora prior to the onset of fire suppression (White and Madany 1978, P. Comer pers. comm. 1997). Some sand flatwoods may occur in areas formerly occupied by wet prairie but, with lowered water tables from surrounding agricultural drainage, have succeeded to these forested swamp communities.
Environmental Description: This community occurs on poorly drained uplands or in depressions on level glacial lakeplains or outwash plains. There is typically a layer of strongly acidic sand over a layer of impermeable or nearly impermeable clay. The clay layer causes a shallow, perched water table. Ponding is common during the wet seasons, but water levels drop through the growing season. Clays may then prevent water from moving back up through capillary action during drought periods (White and Madany 1978).
Geographic Range: This pin oak - swamp white oak sand flatwoods community is found in the midwestern United States and adjacent Canada, ranging from northern Illinois, southern Michigan, northern Indiana, and southern Ontario, to northwestern Ohio.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: IL, IN, MI, OH, ON
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.689285
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G2?
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.3 Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest Formation | F026 | 1.B.3 |
| Division | 1.B.3.Na Eastern North American-Great Plains Flooded & Swamp Forest Division | D011 | 1.B.3.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.3.Na.2 Pin Oak - Green Ash - Blackgum Swamp Forest Macrogroup | M503 | 1.B.3.Na.2 |
| Group | 1.B.3.Na.2.g <i>Quercus palustris - Quercus bicolor - Fagus grandifolia</i> Flatwoods & Swamp Forest Group | G917 | 1.B.3.Na.2.g |
| Alliance | A4475 <i>Quercus bicolor - Acer rubrum</i> Great Lakes Flatwoods Group | A4475 | 1.B.3.Na.2.g |
| Association | CEGL002100 Pin Oak - Swamp White Oak - Blackgum - Red Maple Sand Wet Flatwoods Forest | CEGL002100 | 1.B.3.Na.2.g |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Quercus palustris - Quercus bicolor - Nyssa sylvatica - Acer rubrum Sand Flatwoods Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Kost, M. A., D. A. Albert, J. G. Cohen, B. S. Slaughter, R. K. Schillo, C. R. Weber, and K. A. Chapman. 2007. Natural communities of Michigan: Classification and description. Report No. 2007-21, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing. 314 pp. [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/reports/2007-21_Natural_Communites_of_Michigan_Classification_and_Description.pdf]
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- ONHD [Ohio Natural Heritage Database]. No date. Vegetation classification of Ohio and unpublished data. Ohio Natural Heritage Database, Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Columbus.
- White, J., and M. Madany. 1978. Classification of natural communities in Illinois. Pages 311-405 in: Natural Areas Inventory technical report: Volume I, survey methods and results. Illinois Natural Areas Inventory, Urbana, IL.