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CEGL006377 Fagus grandifolia - Quercus alba - Quercus rubra Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: American Beech - White Oak - Northern Red Oak Forest
Colloquial Name: Northeastern Atlantic Coastal Beech - Oak Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This association comprises coastal oak-beech forests of the north Atlantic Coast and occurs on dry well-drained, loamy sand of morainal coves. It has a mixed canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, and Quercus velutina in varying proportions. Quercus rubra is a common associate, although it never occurs in abundance. Occasional canopy associates that occur with low cover can include Quercus coccinea, Quercus prinus, Acer saccharum, and Betula papyrifera (the latter two species are only occasionally present). There are relatively few shrubs and the herb layer includes tree seedlings, especially of Quercus spp. and Fagus grandifolia, plus Carex swanii, Maianthemum canadense, Eurybia divaricata, Epifagus virginiana, and Maianthemum racemosum. This community is related to oak-beech coastal plain forests of this alliance in southern New Jersey and farther south, but is differentiated from them by the presence of Quercus rubra, Betula papyrifera, and Acer saccharum, and by the absence of Liriodendron tulipifera.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This association is the northern analog of ~Fagus grandifolia - Quercus (alba, rubra) - Liriodendron tulipifera / (Ilex opaca) Forest (CEGL006075)$$. This association is differentiated by the presence of Quercus rubra, Acer saccharum, and Betula papyrifera on Long Island, New York; on Cape Cod, the presence of Fagus grandifolia indicates this type. ~Quercus rubra - Acer saccharum - Liriodendron tulipifera Forest (CEGL006125)$$ is an analogous inland type.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: This coastal oak-beech forest has a mixed canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, and Quercus velutina in varying proportions. Quercus rubra is a common associate, although it never occurs in abundance. Occasional canopy associates that occur with low cover can include Quercus coccinea, Quercus prinus, Acer saccharum, and Betula papyrifera. There are relatively few shrubs and the herb layer includes tree seedlings, especially of Quercus spp. and Fagus grandifolia, plus Carex swanii, Maianthemum canadense, Eurybia divaricata (= Aster divaricatus), Epifagus virginiana, and Maianthemum racemosum (= Smilacina racemosa).
Dynamics: This is a coastal forest community and, as such, is not influenced directly by maritime processes, although it is moderately influenced by minor salt spray from severe storms. This association grades into other coastal oak forest types as well as beech-maple types.
Environmental Description: These forests occur on dry well-drained, loamy sand of morainal coves.
Geographic Range: These forests occur along the north Atlantic Coast in Massachusetts, New York, and possibly Rhode Island.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: MA, NJ, NY, RI?
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.689277
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNR
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.9 Pitch Pine - oak spp. - American Holly North Atlantic Forest Macrogroup | M525 | 1.B.2.Na.9 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.9.b Black Oak - American Beech - Pitch Pine Coastal Plain Forest Group | G894 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
| Alliance | A2054 American Beech - Northern Red Oak / Flowering Dogwood Forest Alliance | A2054 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
| Association | CEGL006377 American Beech - White Oak - Northern Red Oak Forest | CEGL006377 | 1.B.2.Na.9.b |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: ? Beech forest (Godfrey et al. 1978)
? CNE Mesic hardwood Forest on acidic bedrock / till (Rawinski 1984a)
? Maritime forest (Rawinski 1984a)
? Mixed Mesophytic Forest (Greller 1977)
? Southern New England oak / pine forest on sandy / gravelly soils (Rawinski 1984a)
? CNE Mesic hardwood Forest on acidic bedrock / till (Rawinski 1984a)
? Maritime forest (Rawinski 1984a)
? Mixed Mesophytic Forest (Greller 1977)
? Southern New England oak / pine forest on sandy / gravelly soils (Rawinski 1984a)
- Eastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Boston, MA.
- Edinger, G. J., D. J. Evans, S. Gebauer, T. G. Howard, D. M. Hunt, and A. M. Olivero, editors. 2014a. Ecological communities of New York state. Second edition. A revised and expanded edition of Carol Reschke''s ecological communities of New York state. New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY.
- Enser, R. W., and J. A. Lundgren. 2006. Natural communities of Rhode Island. A joint project of the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management Natural Heritage Program and The Nature Conservancy of Rhode Island. Rhode Island Natural History Survey, Kingston. 40 pp. [www.rinhs.org]
- Godfrey, P. J., M. Benedict, and M. Soukup. 1978. A guide to the ecology of Cape Cod National Seashore (Mary 1978 draft). National Park Service Cooperative Research Unit, Institute for Man and Environment, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
- Greller, A. M. 1977. A classification of mature forests on Long Island, New York. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 104:376-382.
- Greller, A. M., R. E. Calhoon, and J. M. Mansky. 1978. Grace Forest: A mixed mesophytic stand on Long Island, New York. Botanical Gazette 139:482-489.
- Hunt, D. 1997a. Long Island oak forest project: Classification justification. Unpublished materials. New York Natural Heritage Program, Latham, NY.
- Rawinski, T. 1984a. Natural community description abstract - southern New England calcareous seepage swamp. Unpublished report. The Nature Conservancy, Boston, MA. 6 pp.
- Sneddon, L. A., Zaremba, R. E., and M. Adams. 2010. Vegetation classification and mapping at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts. Natural Resources Technical Report NPS/NER/NRTR--2010/147. National Park Service, Philadelphia, PA. 481 pp. [http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/caco/cacorpt.pdf]
- Swain, P. C., and J. B. Kearsley. 2014. Classification of the natural communities of Massachusetts. Version 2.0. Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. Westborough, MA. [http://www.mass.gov/nhesp/http://www.mass.gov/eea/agencies/dfg/dfw/natural-heritage/natural-communities/classification-of-natural-communities.html]