Print Report
CEGL002061 Acer saccharum - Acer nigrum - Tilia americana - Quercus rubra / Ostrya virginiana Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Sugar Maple - Black Maple - American Basswood - Northern Red Oak / Hophornbeam Forest
Colloquial Name: Central Maple - Basswood Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This deciduous forest community is found in the central midwestern United States on valley slopes and bottoms, often with northern or eastern aspects. Soils are moderately well-drained and moderate to deep silty and clay loams formed in loess, glacial till, or sandstone and limestone parent material. The most abundant tree species in this forest community are Tilia americana, Quercus rubra, and Ostrya virginiana. Acer nigrum, Acer saccharum, and Carpinus caroliniana are more common farther east. Other canopy associates include Carya cordiformis, Celtis occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and Juglans nigra. Ostrya virginiana can also be a prominent subcanopy and sapling species. The shrub layer is variable and includes Prunus virginiana, Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis, Viburnum prunifolium, and others. Ground layer species include a rich mixture of herbaceous species, including Adiantum pedatum, Arisaema triphyllum, Erythronium albidum, Geum canadense, Impatiens pallida, Polygonatum biflorum, Sanicula spp., Thalictrum dioicum, and others.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Acer nigrum is scarce in Kansas, but the mesic understory and dominance by Tilia americana and Quercus rubra make this comparable to variation in the type found in central Iowa [see Johnson-Groh (1985)]. The name could perhaps be changed to put the maples in parentheses after the Tilia and Quercus. In Nebraska, Weaver reports a Quercus rubra - Tilia americana type, but that type is currently crosswalked to ~Quercus alba - (Quercus velutina) - Carya ovata / Ostrya virginiana Forest (CEGL002011)$$ based on discussions with Gerry Steinauer (pers. comm. 1999). Eastward the type drops out around the Mississippi River region.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The most abundant tree species in this forest community are Tilia americana, Quercus rubra, and Ostrya virginiana. Acer nigrum, Acer saccharum, and Carpinus caroliniana are more common farther east. Acer nigrum and Acer saccharum are not found in Nebraska. Other canopy associates include Carya cordiformis, Celtis occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and Juglans nigra. Ostrya virginiana can also be a prominent subcanopy and sapling species. The shrub layer is variable and includes Prunus virginiana, Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (= Sambucus canadensis), Viburnum prunifolium, and, in Missouri, Asimina triloba. Ground layer species include a rich mixture of herbaceous species, including Adiantum pedatum, Arisaema triphyllum, Erythronium albidum, Geum canadense, Impatiens pallida, Polygonatum biflorum, Sanicula spp., Staphylea trifolia, Thalictrum dioicum, and others (Nelson 1985, Lauver et al. 1999, Steinauer and Rolfsmeier 2003).
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This community is found on valley slopes and bottoms, often with northern or eastern aspects (Johnson-Groh 1985). Soils are moderately well-drained and moderate to deep silty and clay loams formed in loess, glacial till, or sandstone and limestone parent material (Nelson 1985, Lauver et al. 1999).
Geographic Range: This deciduous forest community is found in the central midwestern United States on valley slopes and bottoms, often with northern or eastern aspects, ranging from Iowa to Missouri and Kansas.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: IA, KS, MO, NE
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.688570
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3G4
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.5 Central Midwest Mesic Forest Macrogroup | M882 | 1.B.2.Na.5 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.5.b American Beech - Sugar Maple - Oak species Forest Group | G021 | 1.B.2.Na.5.b |
| Alliance | A0220 Sugar Maple - American Basswood - Northern Red Oak Forest Alliance | A0220 | 1.B.2.Na.5.b |
| Association | CEGL002061 Sugar Maple - Black Maple - American Basswood - Northern Red Oak / Hophornbeam Forest | CEGL002061 | 1.B.2.Na.5.b |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Acer saccharum - Acer nigrum - Tilia americana - Quercus rubra / Ostrya virginiana Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
< Quercus maxima-Tilia americana association (Aikman 1929)
> Quercus rubra - Tilia americana Vegetation Type (Johnson-Groh 1985)
> Tilia americana Vegetation Type (Johnson-Groh 1985)
< Linden-Ironwood Association (Costello 1931)
< Quercus maxima-Tilia americana association (Aikman 1929)
> Quercus rubra - Tilia americana Vegetation Type (Johnson-Groh 1985)
> Tilia americana Vegetation Type (Johnson-Groh 1985)
< Linden-Ironwood Association (Costello 1931)
- Aikman, J. M. 1929. Distribution and structure of the forests of eastern Nebraska. Botanical Seminar, University of Nebraska Botanical Survey, New Series, 5:1-75.
- Costello, D. F. 1931. Comparative study of river bluff succession on the Iowa and Nebraska sides of the Missouri River. Botanical Gazette 91:295-307.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- INAI [Iowa Natural Areas Inventory]. 2017. Vegetation classification of Iowa. Iowa Natural Areas Inventory, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines.
- Johnson-Groh, C. L. 1985. Vegetation communities of Ledges State Park, Boone County, Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 92:125-128 and map.
- Lauver, C. L., K. Kindscher, D. Faber-Langendoen, and R. Schneider. 1999. A classification of the natural vegetation of Kansas. The Southwestern Naturalist 44:421-443.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Nelson, P. 2010. The terrestrial natural communities of Missouri. Revised edition. Missouri Natural Areas Committee, Department of Natural Resources and the Department of Conservation, Jefferson City.
- Nelson, P. W. 1985. The terrestrial natural communities of Missouri. Missouri Natural Areas Committee, Jefferson City. 197 pp. Revised edition, 1987.
- Rolfsmeier, S. B., and G. Steinauer. 2010. Terrestrial ecological systems and natural communities of Nebraska (Version IV - March 9, 2010). Nebraska Natural Heritage Program, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Lincoln, NE. 228 pp.
- Steinauer, G., and S. Rolfsmeier. 2003. Terrestrial natural communities of Nebraska. (Version III - June 30, 2003). Nebraska Natural Heritage Program, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln. 163 pp.