Print Report
CEGL002012 Tilia americana - (Quercus macrocarpa) / Ostrya virginiana Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: American Basswood - (Bur Oak) / Hophornbeam Forest
Colloquial Name: Basswood - Bur Oak Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This basswood - bur oak forest type is found in the western tallgrass region of the midwestern United States. Stands occur on bluffs and adjacent level uplands near rivers and streams. The soils are generally fertile, well-drained loams. The parent material is primarily loess. The soils are not saturated or flooded at any time during the year. The overstory is dominated by Quercus macrocarpa and Tilia americana. Other species found in the tree layer include Celtis occidentalis, Ostrya virginiana, and Ulmus americana. The shrub and herbaceous strata are well-developed. Common species in the shrub layer include Zanthoxylum americanum. The herbaceous layer typically contains species such as Caulophyllum thalictroides, Phlox divaricata, Podophyllum peltatum, Maianthemum stellatum, and Urtica dioica. Shrubs are often most abundant near the tops of bluffs where the trees are not as closely spaced.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This type may exist in western Minnesota, where it overlaps with the maple-basswood type ~Acer saccharum - Tilia americana / Ostrya virginiana - Carpinus caroliniana Forest (CEGL002062)$$, and if so, maple may be more abundant than in the main part of this community''s range. The maple-basswood stands in southeastern South Dakota may be part of this type or treated as an outlier of the maple-basswood type. In southeastern Nebraska, a Quercus rubra - Tilia americana type was described by Weaver (1965) and may be similar to this community, but it is currently treated as part of the ~Quercus alba - (Quercus velutina) - Carya ovata / Ostrya virginiana Forest (CEGL002011)$$ as recommended by G. Steinauer (pers. comm. 1999).
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: This community has a tall, deciduous overstory typically made up of tree species such as Tilia americana and Quercus macrocarpa. Other tree species commonly found in this community across its range include Celtis occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Juglans nigra, Ostrya virginiana, and Ulmus americana. However, Juglans nigra does not occur in northeastern South Dakota or North Dakota. Although the subcanopy is poorly developed, the herbaceous and shrub layers are well-developed. Shrub layer species may include Juniperus virginiana, Symphoricarpos occidentalis, and Zanthoxylum americanum. Species found within the herbaceous layer may include Amelanchier alnifolia, Anemone spp., Aquilegia canadensis, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Dicentra cucullaria, Heracleum maximum, Laportea canadensis, Menispermum canadense, Phlox divaricata, Podophyllum peltatum, Polygonatum biflorum, Rudbeckia laciniata, Maianthemum stellatum, Smilax tamnoides, Urtica dioica, and Viola pubescens. Near the tops of bluffs, the tree canopy is open, and shrubs are abundant. The shrubs often form dense thickets that may extend well beyond the forest edge (MNNHP 1993, Steinauer and Rolfsmeier 2003).
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This community occurs on the bluffs of streams and rivers and on the adjacent uplands. Soils are well-drained loams. They are moderately acidic and generally fertile because of the high nutrient content of Tilia leaves. The parent material is primarily loess. The soils are not flooded or saturated during the year (MNNHP 1993, Steinauer and Rolfsmeier 2003).
Geographic Range: This basswood-bur oak forest type is found in the western tallgrass region of the midwestern United States, ranging from Iowa and Nebraska to western Minnesota and the Dakotas.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: IA, MN, ND, NE, SD
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.688551
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.5 Central Midwest Mesic Forest Macrogroup | M882 | 1.B.2.Na.5 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.5.b American Beech - Sugar Maple - Oak species Forest Group | G021 | 1.B.2.Na.5.b |
| Alliance | A0220 Sugar Maple - American Basswood - Northern Red Oak Forest Alliance | A0220 | 1.B.2.Na.5.b |
| Association | CEGL002012 American Basswood - (Bur Oak) / Hophornbeam Forest | CEGL002012 | 1.B.2.Na.5.b |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Tilia americana - (Quercus macrocarpa) / Ostrya virginiana Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
< Tilia americana consociation (Aikman 1929)
? Linden-Cedar-Ironwood-Ash association (Pool 1914)
= Northeastern Upland Forest (Steinauer and Rolfsmeier 2003)
< Tilia americana consociation (Aikman 1929)
? Linden-Cedar-Ironwood-Ash association (Pool 1914)
= Northeastern Upland Forest (Steinauer and Rolfsmeier 2003)
- Aikman, J. M. 1929. Distribution and structure of the forests of eastern Nebraska. Botanical Seminar, University of Nebraska Botanical Survey, New Series, 5:1-75.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- INAI [Iowa Natural Areas Inventory]. 2017. Vegetation classification of Iowa. Iowa Natural Areas Inventory, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines.
- MNNHP [Minnesota Natural Heritage Program]. 1993. Minnesota''s native vegetation: A key to natural communities. Version 1.5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, St. Paul, MN. 110 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- NDNHI [North Dakota Natural Heritage Inventory]. 2018. Unpublished data. Vegetation classification of North Dakota. North Dakota Natural Heritage Inventory, North Dakota Parks & Recreation Department, Bismarck.
- Pool, R. J. 1914. A study of the vegetation of the sandhills of Nebraska. Minnesota Botanical Studies 4:189-312.
- Rolfsmeier, S. B., and G. Steinauer. 2010. Terrestrial ecological systems and natural communities of Nebraska (Version IV - March 9, 2010). Nebraska Natural Heritage Program, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Lincoln, NE. 228 pp.
- SDNHP [South Dakota Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. South Dakota Natural Heritage Program, Pierre, SD.
- Steinauer, G. 1989. Characterization of the natural communities of Nebraska. Appendix D, pages 103-114 in: M. Clausen, M. Fritz, and G. Steinauer. The Nebraska Natural Heritage Program, two year progress report. Unpublished document. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Natural Heritage Program, Lincoln, NE.
- Steinauer, G., and S. Rolfsmeier. 2003. Terrestrial natural communities of Nebraska. (Version III - June 30, 2003). Nebraska Natural Heritage Program, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln. 163 pp.
- Weaver, J. E. 1965. Native vegetation of Nebraska. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln. 185 pp.