Print Report
CEGL004542 Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Quercus montana - Tilia americana var. caroliniana / Ostrya virginiana Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: White Oak - Northern Red Oak - Chestnut Oak - Carolina Basswood / Hophornbeam Forest
Colloquial Name: Piedmont Rocky Mesic Mafic Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This Piedmont forest often occurs in moderately protected situations on lower slopes of escarpments, on alluvial terraces, in ravine bottoms, or in rocky streambeds, and possibly in other situations in which the surface is very rocky and the substrate is basic. Many occurrences are on mafic rocks. The mixed canopy is dominated by Quercus alba, Carya tomentosa, Tilia americana var. caroliniana, Quercus rubra var. rubra, Fraxinus americana, Quercus montana, Liquidambar styraciflua and Liriodendron tulipifera. The subcanopy is dominated by Ostrya virginiana, Carpinus caroliniana, and Cornus florida. Other common species in the canopy and subcanopy include Acer floridanum, Acer leucoderme, Acer rubrum var. rubrum, Cercis canadensis var. canadensis, Platanus occidentalis, Oxydendrum arboreum, Juglans nigra, Prunus serotina var. serotina, Aesculus sylvatica, Quercus phellos, Quercus nigra, Sassafras albidum, and Ulmus alata. Shrubs of this community include Viburnum rufidulum, Calycanthus floridus, Hydrangea arborescens, and Euonymus americanus. Common herbs and vines are Actaea racemosa, Asplenium platyneuron var. platyneuron, Galium circaezans, Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa, Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Polystichum acrostichoides, Prenanthes altissima, Toxicodendron radicans, Desmodium nudiflorum, Dichanthelium spp., Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum, Elymus virginicus var. virginicus, and Vitis rotundifolia. The exotics Ailanthus altissima, Albizia julibrissin, Lonicera japonica, and Lonicera maackii are common in this forest.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Comparison across a broader range of data is required for an assessment of the distinctiveness of this type and its relationships. A related less mesic type from the same subsection is ~Quercus alba - Carya glabra - Fraxinus americana / Acer leucoderme / Vitis rotundifolia Forest (CEGL004541)$$.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The mixed canopy is dominated by Quercus alba, Carya tomentosa (= Carya alba), Tilia americana var. caroliniana, Quercus rubra var. rubra, Fraxinus americana, Quercus montana (= Quercus prinus), Liquidambar styraciflua and Liriodendron tulipifera. The subcanopy is dominated by Ostrya virginiana, Carpinus caroliniana, and Cornus florida. Other common species in the canopy and subcanopy include Acer floridanum (= Acer barbatum), Acer leucoderme, Acer rubrum var. rubrum, Cercis canadensis var. canadensis, Platanus occidentalis, Oxydendrum arboreum, Juglans nigra, Prunus serotina var. serotina, Aesculus sylvatica, Quercus phellos, Quercus nigra, Sassafras albidum, and Ulmus alata. Shrubs of this community include Viburnum rufidulum, Calycanthus floridus, Hydrangea arborescens, and Euonymus americanus. Common herbs and vines are Actaea racemosa (= Cimicifuga racemosa), Asplenium platyneuron var. platyneuron, Galium circaezans, Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa, Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Polystichum acrostichoides, Prenanthes altissima, Toxicodendron radicans, Desmodium nudiflorum, Dichanthelium spp., Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum, Elymus virginicus var. virginicus, and Vitis rotundifolia. The exotics Ailanthus altissima, Albizia julibrissin, Lonicera japonica, and Lonicera maackii are common in this forest. Fagus grandifolia is largely lacking from this oak-dominated forest (M. Schafale pers. comm. 2001).
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This forest often occurs in moderately protected situations on lower slopes of escarpments, on alluvial terraces, in ravine bottoms, or in rocky streambeds, and possibly in other situations in which the surface is very rocky and the substrate is basic. Many occurrences are on mafic rocks. The "type locality" is on a basic, east-facing slope on the Uwharrie River of North Carolina (M. Schafale pers. comm. 2001).
Geographic Range: This association is restricted in range to the Piedmont of North Carolina and possibly South Carolina. One plot attributable to this type was taken from Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area within the Piedmont of Georgia.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: GA, NC, SC?
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.688475
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G2G3
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.1 White Oak - Southern Red Oak - Shortleaf Pine Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M016 | 1.B.2.Na.1 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.1.a White Oak - Southern Red Oak - Water Oak Forest Group | G165 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
| Alliance | A3293 Northern Red Oak - White Oak - Hickory species Piedmont Forest Alliance | A3293 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
| Association | CEGL004542 White Oak - Northern Red Oak - Chestnut Oak - Carolina Basswood / Hophornbeam Forest | CEGL004542 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: No Data Available
- Nelson, J. B. 1986. The natural communities of South Carolina: Initial classification and description. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Columbia, SC. 55 pp.
- Peet, R. K., T. R. Wentworth, M. P. Schafale, and A.S. Weakley. No date. Unpublished data of the North Carolina Vegetation Survey. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
- Schafale, M. P., and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina. Third approximation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh. 325 pp.
- Schafale, Mike P. Personal communication. Ecologist, North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh.
- Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.