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CEGL003860 Pinus palustris - Pinus serotina / Ilex glabra - Lyonia lucida / Ctenium aromaticum Woodland

Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Longleaf Pine - Pond Pine / Inkberry - Shining Fetterbush - Toothache Grass Woodland

Colloquial Name: Southern Fall-line Sandhills Wet Longleaf Pine - Pond Pine Woodland

Hierarchy Level:  Association

Type Concept: This saturated longleaf pine - pond pine woodland community occurs in the East Gulf Coastal Plain Fall-line Sandhills of Georgia and possibly adjacent Alabama. Stands are dominated by herbs and shrubs characteristic of saturated environments, with scattered Pinus palustris and Pinus serotina. Herbs and shrubs are interspersed, with relative dominance varying with length of fire-return time and fire intensity. The shrub zone is characterized by the presence or partial dominance of Ilex glabra and Lyonia lucida. Other characteristic species are Morella cerifera, Morella caroliniensis, Persea palustris, Magnolia virginiana, and Ilex coriacea. Some characteristic herbaceous species include Ctenium aromaticum, Xyris sp., Osmunda cinnamomea, Pteridium aquilinum, Rhexia sp., Sarracenia rubra, Muhlenbergia capillaris, and Eupatorium rotundifolium. This saturated longleaf pine - pond pine woodland community occurs in wet mineral soils in zones between drier, sandhills longleaf pine communities and saturated streamside forests dominated by Nyssa biflora.

Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: No Data Available

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: Vegetation structure is variable and depends on fire-return time and time since most recent fire. The canopy density varies from sparse, scattered trees to consistent, open coverage (usually 25% or less). Dominant canopy trees include a mixture of various proportions of Pinus palustris and Pinus serotina. Shrub stratum density varies from open to closed coverage. Common shrubs include Ilex glabra, Arundinaria tecta (= Arundinaria gigantea ssp. tecta), Lyonia lucida, Rhododendron canescens, Rhododendron viscosum, Morella caroliniensis (= Myrica heterophylla), Aronia arbutifolia, and Gaylussacia tomentosa. The herb stratum varies from scattered to closed with characteristic species including Ctenium aromaticum, Xyris sp., Osmunda cinnamomea, Pteridium aquilinum, Rhexia sp., Sarracenia rubra, Muhlenbergia capillaris, and Eupatorium rotundifolium.

Dynamics:  These communities require frequent fire to maintain an open vegetation structure lacking closed canopy and/or closed shrub stratums. Communities with infrequent fire-return intervals may contain dense shrubs with few scattered herbs. Additionally, Nyssa biflora, Acer rubrum, and Magnolia virginiana may even begin to emerge into the subcanopy if fire frequency is decreased for long periods of time.

Environmental Description:  This saturated longleaf pine - pond pine woodland community occurs in wet mineral soils in zones between drier, sandhills longleaf pine communities and saturated streamside forests dominated by Nyssa biflora. Stands of this woodland are found in saturated soil situations, however, the soils do not seem as wet as areas with ~Ilex coriacea - Lyonia lucida - Smilax laurifolia Wet Shrubland (CEGL004666)$$ or ~Pinus serotina / Lyonia lucida - Ilex glabra - (Cyrilla racemiflora) Wet Shrubland (CEGL003846)$$. In dry years, this difference in soil moisture is even more pronounced and evident. Furthermore, on Fort Benning, these woodlands (CEGL003860) are most commonly found in narrow bands in ecotonal zones on flat areas or at low slopes along small intermittent streams. The habitats are bounded by either a saturated forest type, saturated switch cane shrubland or saturated evergreen shrubland near stream drains; longleaf woodlands occur upslope from these habitats. Given these conditions, fires would ideally occur frequently (perhaps every other year) in these habitats and would maintain the more open shrub stratum that allows for a diverse herbaceous component. CEGL004666 is most often found along drains of narrow streams in highly dissected topographic situations and is therefore in wetter situations than either CEGL003846 or CEGL003860. CEGL004666 would have a less frequent fire-return interval due to higher levels of soil moisture than either CEGL003846 or CEGL003860. Burns in CEGL004666 would require a very dry year to allow fire to burn more than just the edges of this habitat type. CEGL003846 is in open, flat situations with saturated soils, but does not have the diverse herbaceous component seen in CEGL003860 due to a dense broad-leaved evergreen shrub component which would indicate a less frequent fire-return interval than CEGL003860. Furthermore, CEGL003846 does not have an open, continuous tree canopy; rather, canopy trees are sparse, scattered and often appear to have a stunted growth form (M. Mulligan pers. comm.).

Geographic Range: This association is found in the western end of the Fall-line Sandhills of Georgia and possibly Alabama.

Nations: US

States/Provinces:  AL, GA




Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: G3

Greasons: No Data Available


Concept Lineage: No Data Available

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: < Shrub Bog (Wharton 1978)

Concept Author(s): M. Mulligan and M. Pyne

Author of Description: M. Pyne

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 08-19-02

  • GNHP [Georgia Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. Georgia Natural Heritage Program, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle.
  • Mulligan, Maureen. Personal communication. Ecologist, TNC Fort Benning Project, Fort Benning, GA.
  • NatureServe Ecology - Southeastern United States. No date. Unpublished data. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
  • Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
  • Wharton, C. H. 1978. The natural environments of Georgia. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta. 227 pp.