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CEGL002480 Pinus strobus - (Pinus resinosa) - Quercus rubra Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Eastern White Pine - (Red Pine) - Northern Red Oak Forest
Colloquial Name: White Pine - Red Oak Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This white pine - oak forest occurs in the central Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, where it occurs on dry to dry-mesic sites with well-drained sandy loams or coarser soils, typically on morainal slopes or outwash plains. Pinus strobus is the dominant component of the overstory, often forming a supercanopy above the hardwood canopy. Quercus rubra is an important canopy species, along with Acer saccharum, and Quercus alba in central Minnesota, and, farther eastward, Fraxinus americana, Quercus velutina, and occasional Fagus grandifolia. Northern stands may contain Acer rubrum, Betula papyrifera, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus, Populus grandidentata, and Populus tremuloides, along with Abies balsamea in the understory. Disturbed stands may be more strongly dominated by Pinus strobus, Populus tremuloides, and Acer rubrum. The shrub and vine layer in the southern part of the range contains Cornus foemina, Corylus americana, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Vaccinium angustifolium, and, farther north, Corylus cornuta, Diervilla lonicera, Gaultheria procumbens, Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium myrtilloides, and Viburnum acerifolium. Typical herbs in the southern part of the range include Amphicarpaea bracteata, Aralia nudicaulis, Carex pensylvanica, and Geranium maculatum; farther north, they include Eurybia macrophylla, Maianthemum canadense, Oryzopsis asperifolia, Polygala paucifolia, Polygonatum pubescens, Pteridium aquilinum, and Trientalis borealis. Mosses include Ptilidium pulcherrimum.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Distinction between this type and ~Pinus strobus - Quercus alba / (Corylus americana, Gaylussacia baccata) Forest (CEGL002481)$$, which is found on sands, needs clarification. Compare also with ~Pinus strobus - Quercus (rubra, velutina) - Fagus grandifolia Forest (CEGL006293)$$ in the East. Type may have a boreal variant [see Voyageurs National Park and descriptions from central Ontario (Chambers et al. 1997)]. If Minnesota White Pine-Hardwood Forest (especially north-central subtype) is primarily a sandplain type, all of it should be placed with CEGL002481. In Wisconsin, this type grades into the pure evergreen white pine type, ~Pinus strobus / Acer spicatum - Corylus cornuta Forest (CEGL002445)$$.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Pinus strobus is the dominant component of the overstory, often forming a supercanopy above the hardwood canopy. Quercus rubra is an important canopy species, along with Acer saccharum and Quercus alba in central Minnesota, and, farther eastward, Fraxinus americana, Quercus velutina, and occasional Fagus grandifolia. Northern stands may contain Acer rubrum, Betula papyrifera, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus, Populus grandidentata, and Populus tremuloides, along with Abies balsamea in the understory. The shrub and vine layer in the southern part of the range contains Cornus foemina, Corylus americana, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Vaccinium angustifolium, and, farther north, Corylus cornuta, Diervilla lonicera, Gaultheria procumbens, Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium myrtilloides, and Viburnum acerifolium. Typical herbs in the southern part of the range include Amphicarpaea bracteata, Aralia nudicaulis, Carex pensylvanica, and Geranium maculatum; farther north, they include Eurybia macrophylla (= Aster macrophyllus), Maianthemum canadense, Oryzopsis asperifolia, Polygala paucifolia, Polygonatum pubescens, Pteridium aquilinum, and Trientalis borealis. Mosses include Ptilidium pulcherrimum, among others (Eyre 1980, MNNHP 1993, Chambers et al. 1997).
Dynamics: This type can be simplified floristically and structurally by severe disturbance factors. Natural disturbances, such as large windthrow events followed by fire, can cause stands to be dominated by Pinus strobus and Populus tremuloides, with a strong Pteridium aquilinum understory. Anthropogenic disturbance factors include logging and severe fire. In addition, areas planted to pine (but not in rows) by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s may also resemble these early-seral stages.
Environmental Description: Sites are found on dry-mesic to mesic sites with well-drained sandy loams or coarser soils, typically on morainal slopes and ridges, or on outwash plains.
Geographic Range: This white pine - oak forest community occurs in the central Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, where it occurs on dry to dry-mesic sites. Stands range from east-central Minnesota east to Michigan and Ontario.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: MI, MN, ON, QC?, WI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.688376
Confidence Level: Moderate
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.6 Eastern White Pine - Jack Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M159 | 1.B.2.Na.6 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.6.f <i>Pinus resinosa - Pinus banksiana - Quercus rubra</i> Forest & Woodland Group | G907 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
| Alliance | A4127 Eastern White Pine - Red Pine - Northern Red Oak Forest & Woodland Alliance | A4127 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
| Association | CEGL002480 Eastern White Pine - (Red Pine) - Northern Red Oak Forest | CEGL002480 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
Concept Lineage: That type and this type both occur on morainal ridges.
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Pinus strobus - (Pinus resinosa) - Quercus rubra Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Northern Dry-Mesic Forest White Pine-Red Oak Subtype]
= Dry-Mesic Northern Forest - White Pine (Red Pine)-Oak (Chapman et al. 1989)
= White Pine - Northern Red Oak - Red Maple: 20 (Eyre 1980) [may be equivalent]
= Dry-Mesic Northern Forest - White Pine (Red Pine)-Oak (Chapman et al. 1989)
= White Pine - Northern Red Oak - Red Maple: 20 (Eyre 1980) [may be equivalent]
- CDPNQ [Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec]. No date. Unpublished data. Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec, Québec.
- Chambers, B. A., B. J. Naylor, J. Nieppola, B. Merchant, and P. Uhlig. 1997. Field guide to forest ecosystems of central Ontario. Southcentral Science Section (SCSS) Field Guide FG-01, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, North Bay, Ontario, Canada. 200 pp.
- Chapman, K. A., D. A. Albert, and G. A. Reese. 1989. Draft descriptions of Michigan''s natural community types. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, MI. 35 pp.
- Eyre, F. H., editor. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters, Washington, DC. 148 pp.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Farrand, W. R., and D. L. Bell. 1982. Quaternary geology of northern Michigan. University of Michigan, Lansing.
- Hop, K., S. Menard, J. Drake, S. Lubinski, and J. Dieck. 2010c. National Park Service Vegetation Inventory Program: Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan. Natural Resource Report NPS/GLKN/NRR-2010/201. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. 358 pp.
- Kost, M. A., D. A. Albert, J. G. Cohen, B. S. Slaughter, R. K. Schillo, C. R. Weber, and K. A. Chapman. 2007. Natural communities of Michigan: Classification and description. Report No. 2007-21, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing. 314 pp. [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/reports/2007-21_Natural_Communites_of_Michigan_Classification_and_Description.pdf]
- Lee, H., W. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig, and S. McMurray. 1998. Ecological land classification for southern Ontario: First approximation and its application. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Science Section, Science Development and Transfer Branch. SCSS Field Guide FG-02.
- MNNHP [Minnesota Natural Heritage Program]. 1993. Minnesota''s native vegetation: A key to natural communities. Version 1.5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, St. Paul, MN. 110 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2005c. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota: The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province. Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- ONHIC [Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre]. 2018. Unpublished data. Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario, Canada.
- WDNR [Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources]. 2015. The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management. PUB-SS-1131 2015. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison. [http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/landscapes/Book.html]