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CEGL007544 Pinus glabra - Quercus (laurifolia, michauxii) / Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana / Sabal minor Riparian Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Spruce Pine - (Laurel Oak, Swamp Chestnut Oak) / American Hornbeam / Dwarf Palmetto Riparian Forest
Colloquial Name: Coastal Plain Spruce Pine - Oak Stream Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: The closed canopy of this Southeastern Coastal Plain stream forest is generally dominated by Pinus glabra and Quercus laurifolia and/or Quercus michauxii. Other floodplain oaks, Quercus nigra, Pinus taeda, and/or Liquidambar styraciflua may occur. Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana dominates the well-developed subcanopy stratum. Sabal minor may be common in at least some occurrences of this association. Shrubs may include Hypericum galioides, Hypericum hypericoides, Ditrysinia fruticosa, Eubotrys racemosa, Cyrilla racemiflora, Styrax americanus, Crataegus marshallii, Vaccinium spp., and Rhododendron canescens. Vines include Berchemia scandens and Vitis rotundifolia. Herbs may include Chasmanthium laxum, Saccharum baldwinii, Carex joorii, Osmunda cinnamomea, and Mitchella repens. The liverwort Pallavicinia lyellii may be present. This association occurs on natural levees of coastal plain streams, both blackwater and brownwater, in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, southern South Carolina, and Florida.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: No Data Available
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The closed canopy of this forest is generally dominated by Pinus glabra and Quercus laurifolia and/or Quercus michauxii. Other floodplain oaks, Quercus nigra, Pinus taeda, and/or Liquidambar styraciflua may also occur. Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana dominates the well-developed subcanopy stratum. Sabal minor and/or Arundinaria gigantea may be common in at least some occurrences of this association (FNAI 1992b). Shrubs may include Hypericum galioides, Hypericum hypericoides, Ditrysinia fruticosa (= Sebastiania fruticosa), Eubotrys racemosa (= Leucothoe racemosa), Cyrilla racemiflora, Styrax americanus, Crataegus marshallii, Vaccinium elliottii, and Rhododendron canescens. Vines include Berchemia scandens and Vitis rotundifolia. Herbs may include Chasmanthium laxum, Saccharum baldwinii, Carex joorii, Osmunda cinnamomea, and Mitchella repens. The liverwort Pallavicinia lyellii may be present.
At Oak Landing, Apalachicola National Forest, canopy dominants are Quercus nigra and Pinus glabra with Quercus virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Betula nigra. Sabal minor, Carpinus caroliniana, and Ilex decidua are the dominant shrubs, with Crataegus marshallii, Vaccinium elliottii, Asimina parviflora, Amorpha fruticosa, and Viburnum dentatum. Vines include Toxicodendron radicans, Smilax bona-nox, Vitis rotundifolia, Bignonia capreolata, and Campsis radicans. The most common herbs are Chasmanthium laxum and Mitchella repens. In the floodplain of the Ochlockonee River near Rock Bluff (Apalachicola National Forest), the canopy was dominated by Pinus glabra, Quercus hemisphaerica, and Quercus nigra, with Liquidambar styraciflua and Quercus virginiana. Ilex decidua, Ditrysinia fruticosa, and Chasmanthium latifolium were also important (NatureServe Ecology unpubl. data). The exotic Lygodium japonicum may occur in stands of this association.
At Oak Landing, Apalachicola National Forest, canopy dominants are Quercus nigra and Pinus glabra with Quercus virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Betula nigra. Sabal minor, Carpinus caroliniana, and Ilex decidua are the dominant shrubs, with Crataegus marshallii, Vaccinium elliottii, Asimina parviflora, Amorpha fruticosa, and Viburnum dentatum. Vines include Toxicodendron radicans, Smilax bona-nox, Vitis rotundifolia, Bignonia capreolata, and Campsis radicans. The most common herbs are Chasmanthium laxum and Mitchella repens. In the floodplain of the Ochlockonee River near Rock Bluff (Apalachicola National Forest), the canopy was dominated by Pinus glabra, Quercus hemisphaerica, and Quercus nigra, with Liquidambar styraciflua and Quercus virginiana. Ilex decidua, Ditrysinia fruticosa, and Chasmanthium latifolium were also important (NatureServe Ecology unpubl. data). The exotic Lygodium japonicum may occur in stands of this association.
Dynamics: In Florida (Florida Natural Areas Inventory 1992b) this community is described as an alluvial floodplain flat inundated about 30% of the growing season.
Environmental Description: This association occurs on natural levees of Coastal Plain streams, both blackwater and brownwater, in Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and southern South Carolina.
Geographic Range: This association occurs in Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and southern South Carolina.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: AL, FL, GA, MS, SC
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.688349
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3G4
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.3 Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest Formation | F026 | 1.B.3 |
| Division | 1.B.3.Nb Southeastern North American Flooded & Swamp Forest Division | D062 | 1.B.3.Nb |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.3.Nb.4 Swamp Chestnut Oak - Bald-cypress - Pecan Southern Floodplain Forest Macrogroup | M031 | 1.B.3.Nb.4 |
| Group | 1.B.3.Nb.4.a Swamp Chestnut Oak - Laurel Oak - Sweetgum Floodplain Forest Group | G034 | 1.B.3.Nb.4.a |
| Alliance | A3628 Laurel Oak - Willow Oak - Loblolly Pine Coastal Plain Riparian Forest Alliance | A3628 | 1.B.3.Nb.4.a |
| Association | CEGL007544 Spruce Pine - (Laurel Oak, Swamp Chestnut Oak) / American Hornbeam / Dwarf Palmetto Riparian Forest | CEGL007544 | 1.B.3.Nb.4.a |
Concept Lineage: The former CEGL007147 has been merged here.
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Floodplain Forest, Diamondleaf Oak/Spruce Pine Flat subtype (FNAI 1992b)
? IIA8c. Lowland Pine - Oak Forest (Allard 1990)
? Swamp chestnut oak-cherrybark oak-spruce pine (Wharton et al. 1982)
? IIA8c. Lowland Pine - Oak Forest (Allard 1990)
? Swamp chestnut oak-cherrybark oak-spruce pine (Wharton et al. 1982)
- Allard, D. J. 1990. Southeastern United States ecological community classification. Interim report, Version 1.2. The Nature Conservancy, Southeast Regional Office, Chapel Hill, NC. 96 pp.
- FNAI [Florida Natural Areas Inventory]. 1992b. Natural community classification. Unpublished document. The Nature Conservancy, Florida Natural Areas Inventory, Tallahassee. 16 pp.
- FNAI [Florida Natural Areas Inventory]. 2010a. Guide to the natural communities of Florida: 2010 edition. Florida Natural Areas Inventory, Tallahassee, FL. 228 pp. [https://fnai.org/naturalcommguide.cfm]
- GNHP [Georgia Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. Georgia Natural Heritage Program, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle.
- NatureServe Ecology - Southeastern United States. No date. Unpublished data. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
- Nelson, J. B. 1986. The natural communities of South Carolina: Initial classification and description. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Columbia, SC. 55 pp.
- Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
- Wharton, C. H., W. M. Kitchens, E. C. Pendleton, and T. W. Sipe. 1982. The ecology of bottomland hardwood swamps of the Southeast: A community profile. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Services. FWS/OBS-81/37. Washington, DC.