Print Report
CEGL003708 Quercus montana - Quercus marilandica Piedmont Woodland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Chestnut Oak - Blackjack Oak Piedmont Woodland
Colloquial Name: Piedmont Chestnut Oak - Blackjack Oak Woodland
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This broadly defined type represents woodland vegetation dominated by Quercus montana and Quercus marilandica found in the Piedmont of South Carolina and Georgia. Examples are typically found on south- to west-facing slopes. Stands are dominated by Quercus montana and Quercus marilandica, which may be widely spaced and dwarfed. Pinus echinata and Carya pallida may also be present. Exposure and topography contribute to maintenance of the woodland physiognomy. Canopy, subcanopy, and shrub strata may all be sparse in coverage. Rocks (typically quartzite exposures) are present at the surface. Vaccinium pallidum and Vaccinium stamineum are typical in the shrub layer. Vaccinium arboreum and Crataegus spathulata may also be present. Examples at Franklin D. Roosevelt Park (Georgia) and Kings Mountain National Military Park (South Carolina) typically occur downslope from Quercus montana-dominated monadnock forests over quartzite-influenced soils.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: Additional types within this alliance may be developed as more information becomes available. This vegetation type is based on plot data from NPS small parks project (Kings Mountain, South Carolina), and the concept needs to be refined and defined regionally when more data are available. At F. D. Roosevelt State Park (Harris County, Georgia Piedmont), there are interesting Quercus montana woodlands of limited extent with a very well-developed herbaceous and grassy ground stratum (e.g., T. Govus FDR Plot #3). This community occurs in a transitional zone between extensive outcrops of Hollis quartzite (nearly cliff-like) and deeper-soil chestnut oak forests on the summit of Pine Mountain. The canopy consists of widely spaced and dwarfed Quercus montana with scattered Carya pallida and Pinus echinata. A sparse subcanopy includes Quercus marilandica, Quercus margarettae, Prunus umbellata, Prunus alabamensis, Cercis canadensis, and Carya glabra. An equally sparse shrub layer is dominated by Vaccinium arboreum and Crataegus spathulata. The herbaceous layer is very well-developed and quite diverse including a number of native grass species associated with glades and woodlands such as Sporobolus junceus, Piptochaetium avenaceum, Aristida purpurascens, Schizachyrium scoparium, and Sporobolus clandestinus. Other herbaceous species of note found in this gladey type habitat were Commelina erecta, Penstemon australis, Hypericum drummondii, Trichostema setaceum, Liatris squarrosa, Manfreda virginica, Tragia urticifolia, Symphyotrichum patens, Tephrosia virginiana, Pityopsis aspera, and Solidago odora. This community, with an abundance of fine fuels at the ground level, would also benefit from introduction of a prescribed burning program (Govus 2002).
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Examples of this woodland are typically dominated by Quercus montana (= Quercus prinus) and Quercus marilandica, which may be widely spaced and dwarfed (Govus 2002). Pinus echinata and Carya pallida may also be present. Understory species may include Quercus marilandica, Quercus margarettae, Prunus umbellata, Prunus alabamensis, Cercis canadensis, and Carya glabra. Vaccinium pallidum and Vaccinium stamineum are typical in the shrub layer. Vaccinium arboreum, Crataegus spathulata, and Hypericum hypericoides may also be present. Typical grasses (commonly associated with glades and woodlands) include Schizachyrium scoparium, Sporobolus clandestinus, Sporobolus junceus, Aristida purpurascens, and Piptochaetium avenaceum. Some other herbaceous taxa may include Commelina erecta, Coreopsis major, Hypericum drummondii, Liatris squarrosa, Manfreda virginica, Penstemon australis, Pityopsis aspera, Solidago odora, Symphyotrichum patens, Tephrosia virginiana, Tragia urticifolia, Trichostema setaceum, and Xerophyllum asphodeloides.
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This association is based on data from south- to west-facing slopes in the Piedmont of South Carolina and Georgia. Exposure and topography contribute to maintenance of woodland physiognomy. Rocks (typically quartzite exposures) are present at the surface. Examples typically occur downslope from Quercus montana-dominated monadnock forests (e.g., Kings Mountain, South Carolina, and F. D. Roosevelt State Park, Georgia). At F. D. Roosevelt State Park (Harris County), this community occurs in a transitional zone between extensive outcrops of Hollis quartzite (nearly cliff-like) and deeper-soil Quercus montana forests on the summit of Pine Mountain (Govus 2002). In the vicinity of Kings Mountain, the geology on which this association occurs is assumed to be "Battleground schist" which includes the "Kings Mountain quartzite."
Geographic Range: This type occurs in the Piedmont of South Carolina, Georgia, and possibly other states.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: GA, SC
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.688220
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G2G3
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.1 White Oak - Southern Red Oak - Shortleaf Pine Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M016 | 1.B.2.Na.1 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.1.a White Oak - Southern Red Oak - Water Oak Forest Group | G165 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
| Alliance | A4438 Chestnut Oak - White Oak Piedmont Dry Forest Alliance | A4438 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
| Association | CEGL003708 Chestnut Oak - Blackjack Oak Piedmont Woodland | CEGL003708 | 1.B.2.Na.1.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Quercus prinus - Quercus marilandica Piedmont Woodland (Gallyoun et al. 1996)
= Quercus prinus - Quercus marilandica Piedmont Woodland (Govus 2002)
= Quercus prinus - Quercus marilandica Piedmont Woodland (Govus 2002)
- GNHP [Georgia Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. Georgia Natural Heritage Program, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle.
- Gallyoun, M., G. Meyer, A. Andreu, and W. Slocumb. 1996. Mapping vegetation communities with The Nature Conservancy''s vegetation classification system on five small national parks in the southeastern USA. Unpublished report. The Nature Conservancy, Southeast Regional Office, Conservation Science Department, Chapel Hill, NC.
- Govus, T. E. 2002. Ecological reconnaissance of Pine Mountain, Georgia. Preliminary report, Fall 2002 for The Nature Conservancy, Georgia Field Office, Atlanta, GA. 3 pp.
- NatureServe Ecology - Southeastern United States. No date. Unpublished data. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
- Nelson, J. B. 1986. The natural communities of South Carolina: Initial classification and description. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Columbia, SC. 55 pp.
- Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
- White, Jr., R. D., and T. Govus. 2005. Vascular plant inventory and plant community classification for Kings Mountain National Military Park. NatureServe, Durham, NC. 178 pp.