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CEGL002138 Quercus macrocarpa / Prunus virginiana - Symphoricarpos occidentalis Woodland
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Bur Oak / Chokecherry - Western Snowberry Woodland
Colloquial Name: Bur Oak / Chokecherry - Western Snowberry Woodland
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This oak woodland type is found in the northwestern Great Plains and Black Hills of the United States. Stands occur along river valley slopes, valley bottoms, upland ravines, and butte or hill slopes. Soils are fertile and relatively mesic. This community is a woodland or forest dominated by Quercus macrocarpa and Fraxinus pennsylvanica in the tree layer, Amelanchier alnifolia and Prunus virginiana in the shrub layer, and Carex sprengelii, Poa pratensis, and Galium boreale in the herbaceous layer. Stands in the Black Hills often have Symphoricarpos occidentalis as a dominant shrub. Along the Missouri River, in North Dakota, ravine forests containing Quercus macrocarpa have rather closed canopies, resulting in a lack of a tall-shrub and sapling layer. These forests reach a height of about 23 m at maturity.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This type was first described from southwestern North Dakota as the Quercus macrocarpa / Prunus virginiana habitat type (Girard et al. 1989). The Quercus macrocarpa / Symphoricarpos occidentalis type described for the northern Black Hills (in an area between Sundance, Wyoming, and Whitewood, South Dakota) by Hoffman and Alexander (1987), was added to the concept in October 1999. It should be compared to ~Quercus macrocarpa / Ostrya virginiana Forest (CEGL000555)$$. Further survey of oak types in the Black Hills would be useful; there may be other types that have not been described.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: This community is a woodland or forest dominated by Quercus macrocarpa and Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Populus tremuloides, Populus balsamifera, and Ulmus americana may be present. In addition to Prunus virginiana and Amelanchier alnifolia, other shrub species may include Prunus americana, Ribes americanum, and Rosa woodsii (Lautenschlager 1964). Ten stands in western North Dakota were dominated by Quercus macrocarpa and Fraxinus pennsylvanica in the tree layer, Amelanchier alnifolia and Prunus virginiana in the shrub layer, and Carex sprengelii, Poa pratensis, and Galium boreale in the herbaceous layer (USFS 1992). Stands in the Black Hills often have Symphoricarpos occidentalis as a dominant shrub (Hoffman and Alexander 1987). Average cover by strata was trees 77%, shrubs 38%, and herbaceous 32%.
Along the Missouri River in North Dakota, these forests have rather closed canopies, resulting in a lack of a tall shrub and sapling layer. These forests reach a height of about 23 m at maturity (Keammerer et al. 1975).
Along the Missouri River in North Dakota, these forests have rather closed canopies, resulting in a lack of a tall shrub and sapling layer. These forests reach a height of about 23 m at maturity (Keammerer et al. 1975).
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This community is located in upland situations along intermittent streams (Girard et al. 1989). It may occur in river valleys on the sideslopes or rarely on the valley bottom. It is also located along ravines and hills of the Missouri Coteau and Escarpment (Dodds 1966, Barlow 1987). Soils are fertile and relatively mesic. The U.S. Forest Service (USFS 1992) sampled 10 stands of this community in western North Dakota. The average slope was north- to east-facing and 20%. In some North Dakota stands, soils are loamy with pH of 7.0 (Girard 1985). In the Black Hills, stands occupy low-lying mesic habitats (Hoffman and Alexander 1987).
Geographic Range: This oak woodland type is found in the northwestern Great Plains and Black Hills of the United States, ranging from North Dakota to South Dakota and Wyoming.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: ND, SD, WY
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.687938
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G3G4
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Ne North American Great Plains Forest & Woodland Division | D326 | 1.B.2.Ne |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Ne.1 Bur Oak - Quaking Aspen / Western Wheatgrass Forest Woodland Macrogroup | M151 | 1.B.2.Ne.1 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Ne.1.a Bur Oak - Hazelnut species / Sedge species Forest & Woodland Group | G329 | 1.B.2.Ne.1.a |
| Alliance | A1505 Bur Oak / Mixedgrass Woodland Alliance | A1505 | 1.B.2.Ne.1.a |
| Association | CEGL002138 Bur Oak / Chokecherry - Western Snowberry Woodland | CEGL002138 | 1.B.2.Ne.1.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Quercus macrocarpa / Prunus virginiana - Symphoricarpos occidentalis Woodland (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
= Quercus macrocarpa / Prunus virginiana Habitat Type (Girard et al. 1989)
= Quercus macrocarpa / Prunus virginiana Habitat Type (Girard et al. 1989)
- BHCI [Black Hills Community Inventory]. 1999. Unpublished element occurrence and plot data collected during the Black Hills Community Inventory. Available upon request from the South Dakota Natural Heritage Program, Pierre, and Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, Laramie.
- Barlow, K. J. 1987. Vascular flora of LaMoure and Dickey counties, North Dakota. M.S. thesis, North Dakota State University, Fargo.
- Boldt, C. E., D. W. Uresk, and K. E. Severson. 1978. Riparian woodlands in jeopardy on northern high plains. Pages 184-198 in: National Symposium on Strategies for Protection and Management of Floodplain Wetlands and other Riparian Ecosystems, December 11-13, Atlanta, GA.
- Dodds, D. L. 1966. Phytosociological study of the vegetation of Hawk''s Nest Butte. M.S. thesis, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Girard, M. M. 1985. Native woodland ecology and habitat type classification of southwestern North Dakota. Ph.D. thesis, North Dakota State University, Fargo.
- Girard, M. M., H. Goetz, and A. J. Bjugstad. 1989. Native woodland habitat types of southwestern North Dakota. Research Paper RM-281. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 36 pp.
- Hansen, P. L., R. D. Pfister, K. Boggs, B. J. Cook, J. Joy, and D. K. Hinckley. 1995. Classification and management of Montana''s riparian and wetland sites. Miscellaneous Publication No. 54. Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, School of Forestry, University of Montana. 646 pp. plus posters.
- Hoffman, G. R., and R. R. Alexander. 1987. Forest vegetation of the Black Hills National Forest of South Dakota and Wyoming: A habitat type classification. Research Paper RM-276. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 48 pp.
- Keammerer, W. R., W. C. Johnson, and R. L. Burgess. 1975. Floristic analysis of the Missouri River bottomland forests in North Dakota. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 89(1):5-19.
- Lautenschlager, L. F. 1964. A floristic survey of Ward County, northwestern North Dakota. M.S. thesis, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND.
- Marriott, H. J., D. Faber-Langendoen, A. McAdams, D. Stutzman, and B. Burkhart. 1999. The Black Hills Community Inventory: Final report. The Nature Conservancy, Midwest Conservation Science Center, Minneapolis, MN.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- NDNHI [North Dakota Natural Heritage Inventory]. 2018. Unpublished data. Vegetation classification of North Dakota. North Dakota Natural Heritage Inventory, North Dakota Parks & Recreation Department, Bismarck.
- SDNHP [South Dakota Natural Heritage Program]. 2018. Unpublished data. South Dakota Natural Heritage Program, Pierre, SD.
- Sieg, C. H. 1991. Ecology of bur oak woodlands in the foothills of the Black Hills, South Dakota. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Range and Wildlife Management, Texas Tech University.
- Steinauer, G. A. 1981. A classification of the Cercocarpus montanus, Quercus macrocarpa, Populus tremuloides, and Picea glauca habitat types of the Black Hills National Forest. Unpublished thesis, University of South Dakota, Brookings. 95 pp.
- USFS [U.S. Forest Service]. 1992. Draft habitat types of the Little Missouri National Grasslands. Medora and McKenzie ranger districts, Custer National Forest. Dickinson, ND.
- WNDD [Wyoming Natural Diversity Database]. No date. Unpublished data on file. Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.