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CEGL002441 Pinus banksiana / Vaccinium spp. / Pleurozium schreberi Woodland

Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available

Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Jack Pine / Blueberry species / Schreber''s Big Red-stem Moss Woodland

Colloquial Name: Jack Pine / Blueberry / Red-stem Moss Forest

Hierarchy Level:  Association

Type Concept: This jack pine woodland is found in the northern parts of the midwestern United States and in central Ontario, with disjunct occurrences in the far northeastern United States. Sites occupy flat to rolling topography. The soils are sandy loams, fine sands, and loamy sands, shallow to deep, and with low organic content. The overstory of this forest community is largely made up of densely spaced conifers with a scattering of deciduous trees. The trees in this community are typically 15-20 m tall. Pinus banksiana is often the only tree of significance in the overstory. In some stands, smaller amounts of Betula papyrifera, Picea mariana, Pinus resinosa, and Populus tremuloides may be found. Tall shrubs are uncommon, but may occur in patches. The most common of these are Alnus viridis and Amelanchier alnifolia. In the Midwest, occasional grubs of Quercus ellipsoidalis and Quercus macrocarpa may be present. Low shrubs are abundant. These include Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Diervilla lonicera, Juniperus communis, Linnaea borealis, Rosa acicularis, and Vaccinium spp. The herbaceous layer contains many species typical of northern coniferous forests, such as Aralia nudicaulis, Anemone quinquefolia, Cornus canadensis, Fragaria virginiana, Maianthemum canadense, and Trientalis borealis. Mosses, especially Pleurozium schreberi, form a nearly continuous carpet.

Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: ~Pinus banksiana / Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Forest (CEGL002438)$$ in northwestern Minnesota and southeastern Manitoba appears to be similar to this community, but is on deeper sands. This type also overlaps with ~Pinus banksiana - (Pinus resinosa) - Quercus ellipsoidalis / Carex pensylvanica Forest (CEGL002478)$$, especially in Wisconsin, where timber management can cause a lot of variation in the proportion of oak and pine (E. Epstein pers. comm. 2000). Prairie species are typically not a component of these jack pine woodlands. This type may closely resemble ~Pinus banksiana / Vaccinium spp. / Pleurozium schreberi Woodland (CEGL002441)$$. Type can grade into ~Pinus resinosa - Pinus strobus / Corylus cornuta / Vaccinium angustifolium Forest (CEGL002443)$$, but that type more typically has Pinus resinosa or Pinus strobus, and is more likely to have Acer rubrum as a canopy or subcanopy associate. Additional papers on this type by J. Almendinger should be used to improve this description.

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: The overstory of this forest community is dominated by moderately to densely spaced conifers with a scattering of deciduous trees. The trees in this community are typically 15-20 m tall (Mueller-Dombois 1964). Pinus banksiana is often the only tree of significance in the overstory (Mueller-Dombois 1964, MNNHP 1993). In some stands, smaller amounts of Betula papyrifera, Picea mariana, Pinus resinosa, and Populus tremuloides may be found. Tall shrubs are uncommon, but may occur in patches (Sims et al. 1989). The most common of these are Alnus viridis and Amelanchier alnifolia. In the Midwest, occasional grubs of Quercus ellipsoidalis and Quercus macrocarpa may be present. Low shrubs are abundant. These include Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Diervilla lonicera, Juniperus communis, Linnaea borealis, Rosa acicularis, and Vaccinium spp. The herbaceous layer contains many species typical of northern coniferous forests, such as Aralia nudicaulis, Anemone quinquefolia, Cornus canadensis, Fragaria virginiana, Maianthemum canadense, and Trientalis borealis. Mosses, especially Pleurozium schreberi, form a nearly continuous carpet (Eyre 1980, Sims et al. 1989).

Dynamics:  This community often originates following fire.
Environmental Description:  This community is found on flat to rolling topography, such as glaciofluvial and lacustrine deposits, moraines, and other glacial features. The soils are sandy loams, fine sands, and loamy sands, shallow to deep, and with low organic content (Sims et al. 1989, MNNHP 1993). In Wisconsin, stands are found on the "sandscapes" of the Apostle Islands (E. Epstein pers. comm. 1999, NatureServe unpubl. data 2005).
Geographic Range: This jack pine forest community is found in the northern parts of the midwestern United States and in central Canada, ranging from northern Michigan and northern and central Wisconsin west and north to central Minnesota.

Nations: CA,US

States/Provinces:  ME, MI, MN, NB, ON, QC?, WI


Confidence Level: Moderate

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4G5

Greasons: No Data Available
Type Name Database Code Classification Code
Class 1 Forest & Woodland Class C01 1
Subclass 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass S15 1.B
Formation 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation F008 1.B.2
Division 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division D008 1.B.2.Na
Macrogroup 1.B.2.Na.6 Eastern White Pine - Jack Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Macrogroup M159 1.B.2.Na.6
Group 1.B.2.Na.6.f <i>Pinus resinosa - Pinus banksiana - Quercus rubra</i> Forest & Woodland Group G907 1.B.2.Na.6.f
Alliance A3238 Jack Pine - Red Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Alliance A3238 1.B.2.Na.6.f
Association CEGL002441 Jack Pine / Blueberry species / Schreber''s Big Red-stem Moss Woodland CEGL002441 1.B.2.Na.6.f
Concept Lineage: No Data Available

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Pinus banksiana / Vaccinium spp. / Pleurozium schreberi Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Northern Dry Forest Jack Pine / Blueberry Subtype]
= Dry Northern Forest - Jack Pine (Northern Pin Oak) (Chapman et al. 1989)
= Jack Pine - Feathermoss (V25) (Zoladeski et al. 1995)
= Jack Pine Forest (Central Outwash Plain Section) Blueberry Subtype (MNNHP 1993)
< Jack Pine: 1 (Eyre 1980) [Jack pine - Feather moss (subtype b)]
= Oligotrophic Fresh Arctostaphylos-Linnaea Type on Low Beta- and Gamma-gley Podzols (Mueller-Dombois 1964) [uncertain if equivalent]
Concept Author(s): D. Faber-Langendoen (2001)

Author of Description: J. Drake and D. Faber-Langendoen

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 06-23-13
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