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CEGL002068 Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya ovata Midwest Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: White Oak - Northern Red Oak - Shagbark Hickory Midwest Forest
Colloquial Name: Midwest White Oak - Red Oak Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This oak forest community is widespread in the north-central United States. Stands occur primarily on glaciated, rolling topography on a wide variety of soils that have a dry-mesic moisture condition. The canopy is variable but typically closed (>80%). Quercus alba and Quercus rubra are the leading dominants, but Quercus ellipsoidalis, Quercus macrocarpa, Quercus velutina, and Carya ovata can also be codominant. Typical associates include Juglans nigra and, more south or east, Carya tomentosa and Carya glabra. The subcanopy contains Ostrya virginiana, Prunus serotina, Sassafras albidum, and, increasingly, Acer rubrum or Acer saccharum. The shrub layer is quite variable but can include Cornus alternifolia, Cornus florida (southward), Cornus foemina, Corylus americana (northward), Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Ribes cynosbati, and Zanthoxylum americanum. The herbaceous layer includes Amphicarpaea bracteata, Anemone virginiana, Symphyotrichum cordifolium, Botrychium virginianum, Brachyelytrum erectum, Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis, Desmodium glutinosum, Galium concinnum, Geranium maculatum, Osmorhiza claytonii, Sanicula odorata, and Maianthemum racemosum.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This type rarely has any other oak species in it beyond Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, Quercus velutina, and occasional Quercus macrocarpa or Quercus ellipsoidalis, unlike stands farther south with southern oak species. This type is primarily found on glaciated terrain, including Wisconsinan through Kansan, but its distribution may extend beyond that. Where stands have either Acer rubrum or Acer saccharum at >20% canopy coverage or basal area, they should be placed in ~Quercus rubra - (Acer saccharum, Quercus alba) Forest (CEGL005017)$$, an oak-maple type. Also compare to ~Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya ovalis / Acer saccharum / Polystichum acrostichoides Forest (CEGL007233)$$ of the southeastern states.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The canopy is variable but typically closed (>80%). Quercus alba and Quercus rubra are the leading dominants, but Quercus ellipsoidalis, Quercus macrocarpa, Quercus velutina, and Carya ovata can also be codominant. In Minnesota, Quercus ellipsoidalis replaces Quercus velutina in the east-central part of the state (e.g., Washington County). Typical associates include Juglans nigra, and more south or east, Carya tomentosa (= Carya alba) and Carya glabra. The subcanopy contains Ostrya virginiana, Prunus serotina, Sassafras albidum, and, increasingly, Acer rubrum or Acer saccharum. The shrub layer is quite variable but can include Cornus alternifolia, Cornus florida (southward), Cornus foemina, Corylus americana (northward), Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Ribes cynosbati, and Zanthoxylum americanum. The herbaceous layer includes Amphicarpaea bracteata, Anemone virginiana, Symphyotrichum cordifolium (= Aster sagittifolius), Botrychium virginianum, Brachyelytrum erectum, Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis (= Circaea quadrisulcata), Desmodium glutinosum, Galium concinnum, Geranium maculatum, Osmorhiza claytonii, Sanicula odorata (= Sanicula gregaria), and Maianthemum racemosum (= Smilacina racemosa) (Curtis 1959, Nelson 1985, MNNHP 1993, Anderson 1996).
Dynamics: See Abrams (1992) for a review of fire dynamics in oak forests. Many of these stands may have originated from oak woodlands. Some suggest that the presence of species such as Corylus americana, Prenanthes alba, and Veronicastrum virginicum are indicators of this past history (Pruka 1995). Many stands have been affected by selective cutting and grazing.
Environmental Description: This community is found primarily on glaciated, rolling topography on a wide variety of soils that have a dry-mesic moisture condition. It is also found in the unglaciated Driftless Area of the upper Midwest.
Geographic Range: This oak forest community is widespread in the north-central United States, ranging from Ohio west to Minnesota, south to Iowa, and east to Indiana.
Nations: CA,US
States/Provinces: IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, MO, OH, ON, WI
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.687746
Confidence Level: Moderate
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4?
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.4 White Oak - Bur Oak - Shagbark Hickory Forest, Woodland & Savanna Macrogroup | M012 | 1.B.2.Na.4 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.4.b North-Central Oak - Hickory Forest & Woodland Group | G649 | 1.B.2.Na.4.b |
| Alliance | A3323 White Oak - Northern Red Oak - Hickory species North-Central Forest Alliance | A3323 | 1.B.2.Na.4.b |
| Association | CEGL002068 White Oak - Northern Red Oak - Shagbark Hickory Midwest Forest | CEGL002068 | 1.B.2.Na.4.b |
Concept Lineage: merged with existing 2068.
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya ovata Glaciated Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001) [Southern Dry-Mesic Forest White Oak-Red Oak Subtype]
= Oak-Hickory Forests (Anderson 1996) [uncertain if equivalent; may include both the black oak-white oak-hickory type (CEGL002076) and this type]
= Southern Dry-Mesic Forest (Curtis 1959)
= Oak-Hickory Forests (Anderson 1996) [uncertain if equivalent; may include both the black oak-white oak-hickory type (CEGL002076) and this type]
= Southern Dry-Mesic Forest (Curtis 1959)
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