Print Report
CEGL002059 Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Quercus montana - Acer saccharum / Lindera benzoin Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: White Oak - Northern Red Oak - Chestnut Oak - Sugar Maple / Northern Spicebush Forest
Colloquial Name: Western Allegheny Dry-mesic Oak - Hardwood Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This mixed oak acidic forest community type is found primarily in the Allegheny Plateau region of southeastern Ohio and Pennsylvania. Stands occur on non-calcareous substrates. Stands are dominated by Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, and Acer saccharum. Quercus montana is often present and occasionally codominant. Other minor associates include Acer rubrum, Carya ovata, Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Nyssa sylvatica. The shrub and small-tree layer includes Amelanchier arborea, Carpinus caroliniana, Cercis canadensis, Corylus americana, Cornus florida, and Ostrya virginiana. Ericaceous shrubs may be uncommon. The herbaceous layer includes Aralia nudicaulis, Carex pensylvanica, Carex communis, Hieracium venosum, Lysimachia quadrifolia, and Maianthemum stellatum.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: The concept of the type is that of oak-maple-dominated stands on neutral to acidic substrates. Pennsylvania considered the shrub layer most diagnostic. Pennsylvania''s community should not be crosswalked here, it is a dry oak type of somewhat acidic to calcareous substrates. Have not been able to locate descriptions of this type in PA. Sugar maple should be at least 20-25% of stand dominance (cover or basal area), and oaks at least 60%. If beech or tuliptree contain 20-25% dominance, the type should be placed elsewhere; if beech dominates, then white oak-beech forest, ~Quercus alba - Fagus grandifolia Western Allegheny Forest (CEGL006144)$$ [but see discussion with beech-maple unglaciated forest, ~Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum - Liriodendron tulipifera Unglaciated Forest (CEGL002411)$$]; if tuliptree then red oak-maple-tuliptree, ~Quercus rubra - Acer saccharum - Liriodendron tulipifera Forest (CEGL006125)$$. The type is perhaps transitional between Appalachian oak forests, ~Quercus montana - Quercus (alba, coccinea) / Viburnum acerifolium - (Kalmia latifolia) Forest (CEGL005023)$$, and mixed mesophytic forests or beech-maple unglaciated forests (CEGL002411). Type may be in Indiana, but there see ~Quercus montana / Smilax spp. Forest (CEGL005022)$$.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: Stands are dominated by Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, and Acer saccharum. Quercus montana (= Quercus prinus) is often present and occasionally codominant. Other minor associates include Acer rubrum, Carya ovata, Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica, and Quercus velutina. The shrub and small-tree layer includes Amelanchier arborea, Carpinus caroliniana, Cercis canadensis, Corylus americana, Cornus florida, and Ostrya virginiana. Ericaceous shrubs may be uncommon. The herbaceous layer includes Aralia nudicaulis, Carex pensylvanica, Carex communis, Hieracium venosum, Lysimachia quadrifolia, and Maianthemum stellatum (= Smilacina stellata) (Anderson 1996, Fike 1999).
Dynamics: No Data Available
Environmental Description: This forest community type is found primarily in the unglaciated plateau region in southeastern Ohio and Pennsylvania, where it occurs on non-calcareous substrates, but it may also occur on glaciated regions of the Allegheny Plateau (Anderson 1996).
Geographic Range: This mixed oak acid forest community type is found primarily from the Allegheny Plateau region of southeastern Ohio and Pennsylvania.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: OH, PA, WV?
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.687627
Confidence Level: Low - Poorly Documented
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNR
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.2 Appalachian-Northeastern Oak - Hardwood - Pine Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M502 | 1.B.2.Na.2 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.2.c White Oak - Chestnut Oak - Pignut Hickory Forest & Woodland Group | G650 | 1.B.2.Na.2.c |
| Alliance | A4391 White Oak - Quercus montana Western Allegheny Forest | A4391 | 1.B.2.Na.2.c |
| Association | CEGL002059 White Oak - Northern Red Oak - Chestnut Oak - Sugar Maple / Northern Spicebush Forest | CEGL002059 | 1.B.2.Na.2.c |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Quercus prinus - Acer saccharum / Lindera benzoin Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
< Oak-Maple Forests (Anderson 1996) [Anderson generally restricts the oak-maple type to calcareous substrates in glaciated, western Ohio. However, there may still be a need for an oak-maple type in southeast Ohio. In his chapter on oak-maple forests he states, "there are frequent stands in the plateaus dominated by oaks and sugar maple. These, however, are mostly over non-calcareous substrates, they often possess species characteristic of acidic substrates....most of these are more naturally considered as usually drier segments of mixed mesophytic communities....[S]tands dominated by oak and sugar maple in the unglaciated plateau are often transitions between mixed mesophytic and upland oak."]
< Oak-Maple Forests (Anderson 1996) [Anderson generally restricts the oak-maple type to calcareous substrates in glaciated, western Ohio. However, there may still be a need for an oak-maple type in southeast Ohio. In his chapter on oak-maple forests he states, "there are frequent stands in the plateaus dominated by oaks and sugar maple. These, however, are mostly over non-calcareous substrates, they often possess species characteristic of acidic substrates....most of these are more naturally considered as usually drier segments of mixed mesophytic communities....[S]tands dominated by oak and sugar maple in the unglaciated plateau are often transitions between mixed mesophytic and upland oak."]
- Anderson, D. M. 1996. The vegetation of Ohio: Two centuries of change. Draft. Ohio Biological Survey.
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Fike, J. 1999. Terrestrial and palustrine plant communities of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Recreation, Bureau of Forestry, Harrisburg, PA. 86 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- ONHD [Ohio Natural Heritage Database]. No date. Vegetation classification of Ohio and unpublished data. Ohio Natural Heritage Database, Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Columbus.