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CEGL003592 Pinus palustris - Pinus taeda / Quercus laevis / Gaylussacia frondosa - Gaylussacia baccata Woodland

Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available


Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Longleaf Pine - Loblolly Pine / Turkey Oak / Blue Huckleberry - Black Huckleberry Woodland

Colloquial Name: Longleaf Pine / Scrub Oak Sandhill (Northern Type)

Hierarchy Level:  Association

Type Concept: This association is a longleaf pine / scrub oak sandhill community that occurs in the northern portion of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain and hence differs substantially in floristic composition from more southern types. Pinus palustris and Pinus taeda dominate the canopy with a variety of scrub oaks in the subcanopy layer. The shrub layer is often dense and diverse, dominated by Gaylussacia spp. and Vaccinium tenellum, in contrast to the herbaceous layer, which is often sparse and relatively species-poor.

Diagnostic Characteristics: This type is constrained to the northern portion of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain and hence is characterized by very different species than other xeric types, including Quercus nigra, Sassafras albidum, Smilax glauca, Gaylussacia frondosa, Gaylussacia baccata, and Vaccinium pallidum. The herbaceous layer is sparse and species-poor.

Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available

Classification Comments: Description has been changed based on 3 plots from the Carolina Vegetation Survey (http://vegbank.org\cite\VB.ds.199640.CEGL003592) and 7 plots from the Virginia Natural Heritage Database. The concept of this type remains the same, but the description has been refined based on existing plot data. The name has been changed to exclude Quercus incana and Gaylussacia dumosa and include Pinus taeda.

Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available

Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available

Floristics: This northern longleaf pine sandhill community differs substantially in floristic composition from other, more southern types. In part, this is a matter of many species occurring to the south being absent, but other, more northern species atypical of longleaf sandhills are also present. The overstory canopy is composed of equal parts Pinus palustris and Pinus taeda and the subcanopy layer is composed primarily of scrub oaks, including Quercus laevis, Quercus nigra, and Quercus falcata. Other common trees in this type include Pinus serotina, Diospyros virginiana, Sassafras albidum, and Castanea pumila. The shrub layer is dominated by Gaylussacia frondosa, Gaylussacia dumosa, and Vaccinium tenellum. Other common shrubs include Gaylussacia baccata, Gaultheria procumbens, Morella cerifera, Vaccinium pallidum, and Vaccinium stamineum. The herbaceous layer is relatively sparse and species-poor. Aristida stricta is lacking in this type. Other characteristic understory species include Euphorbia ipecacuanhae, Smilax glauca, Schizachyrium scoparium, Carphephorus bellidifolius, and Pteridium aquilinum. In Virginia, where longleaf pine vegetation is very limited and remaining sites are intensely managed with prescription fire, removal of loblolly pine, and planting of longleaf pine, existing association concepts are difficult to apply. The pre-settlement nature of these communities is somewhat obscure, because so few examples remain, and none of which are in very good condition.

Dynamics:  No Data Available

Environmental Description:  This association is a longleaf pine / scrub oak sandhill community located in the northern portion of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of Virginia and North Carolina on sandy loam soils. Even the slightest change of elevation at these sites can result in significant differences of soil moisture, thus, "wet" and "dry" variants occur in small-scale mosaics. Documented soil types include Spodic Quartzipsamments, Aquic Quartzipsamments, and Typic Quartzipsamments.

Geographic Range: This woodland community is only found in North Carolina and adjacent southeastern Virginia. Examples are known from the Blackwater Ecological Preserve (Isle of Wight County, Virginia), Wyanoke Sandhills (Gates County, North Carolina), and Cool Springs Landing (Craven County, North Carolina).

Nations: US

States/Provinces:  NC, VA




Confidence Level: High

Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available

Grank: G1

Greasons: No Data Available


Concept Lineage: No Data Available

Predecessors: No Data Available

Obsolete Names: No Data Available

Obsolete Parents: No Data Available

Synonomy: > Pinus palustris / Quercus laevis - Quercus incana / Gaylussacia dumosa - Gaylussacia (baccata, frondosa) Woodland (Peet 2006) [1.1.2]
= Pine/Scrub Oak Sandhill, Northern Variant (Schafale 1994)

Concept Author(s): M.P. Schafale (1994)

Author of Description: M.P. Schafale, A.S. Weakley, K.A. Palmquist, R.K. Peet and S. Carr

Acknowledgements: No Data Available

Version Date: 11-08-14

  • Fleming, G. P., K. D. Patterson, and K. Taverna. 2017. The natural communities of Virginia: A classification of ecological community groups and community types. Third approximation. Version 3.0. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA. [http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-communities/]
  • Frost, C. C., and L. J. Musselman. 1987. History and vegetation of the Blackwater Ecologic Preserve. Castanea 52:16-46.
  • Palmquist, K. A., R. K. Peet, and S. C. Carr. 2016. Xeric longleaf pine vegetation of the Atlantic and East Gulf Coast Coastal Plain: An evaluation and revision of associations within the U.S. National Vegetation Classification. Proceedings of the U.S. National Vegetation Classification. [in press]
  • Peet, R. K. 2006. Ecological classification of longleaf pine woodlands. Pages 51-93 in: S. Jose, E. J. Jokela, and D. L. Miller, editors. The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem: Ecology, Silviculture, and Restoration. Springer Science Business Media, LLC, New York.
  • Schafale, M. P. 1994. Inventory of longleaf pine natural communities. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh. 230 pp.
  • Schafale, M. P. 2012. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina, 4th Approximation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh.
  • Schafale, M. P., and A. S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina. Third approximation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh. 325 pp.
  • Southeastern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Durham, NC.