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CEGL002442 Pinus banksiana - (Pinus resinosa) / Corylus cornuta Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Jack Pine - (Red Pine) / Beaked Hazelnut Forest
Colloquial Name: Jack Pine / Hazelnut Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This jack pine woodland community type is found in upper midwestern United States and possibly adjacent Canada. Stands are found on flat to rolling topography, such as glaciofluvial and lacustrine deposits, moraines, and other glacial features. The soils are sandy loams, fine sands, and loamy sands, shallow to deep, and with low organic content. The overstory of this forest community is dominated by moderately to densely spaced conifers with a scattering of deciduous trees. The trees in this community are typically 15-20 m tall. Pinus banksiana is often the sole dominant. Pinus resinosa, Betula papyrifera, and Populus tremuloides are canopy associates, and the subcanopy is typically sparse. The shrub layer contains abundant Corylus cornuta, along with Amelanchier spp., Corylus americana, Diervilla lonicera, Vaccinium angustifolium, and Viburnum rafinesqueanum. The herb layer is often dominated by Pteridium aquilinum, with common species including Linnaea borealis, Gaultheria procumbens, and Chimaphila umbellata.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: This type may closely resemble ~Pinus banksiana / Vaccinium spp. / Pleurozium schreberi Woodland (CEGL002441)$$. Type can grade into ~Pinus resinosa - Pinus strobus / Corylus cornuta / Vaccinium angustifolium Forest (CEGL002443)$$, but that type more typically has Pinus resinosa or Pinus strobus, and is more likely to have Acer rubrum as a canopy or subcanopy associate. Additional papers on this type by J. Almendinger should be used to improve this description.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: The overstory of this forest community is dominated by moderately to densely spaced conifers with a scattering of deciduous trees. The trees in this community are typically 15-20 m tall. Pinus banksiana is often the sole dominant. Pinus resinosa and Betula papyrifera are canopy or subcanopy associates. The shrub layer contains abundant Corylus cornuta, along with Amelanchier spp., Corylus americana, Diervilla lonicera, Vaccinium angustifolium, and Viburnum rafinesqueanum. The herb layer is often dominated by Pteridium aquilinum, with common species including Linnaea borealis, Gaultheria procumbens, and Chimaphila umbellata (Minnesota DNR 2003). Tallgrass prairie species are typically lacking.
Dynamics: Stands in this type occur on fire-prone sites. Jack pine on these outwash plains may contain the open-cone ecotype, whereby some cones open with age or during hot weather. In these stands, most pine regeneration still occurs immediately following a fire. If pine regeneration is poor following a fire, aspens and birches may seed in for several years, but will eventually be replaced by jack pine. These jack pine stands often have cohorts of seedlings and saplings that presumably are the offspring of parent trees that survived minor disturbances, such as surface fires (MNNHP 1993).
Environmental Description: This community is found on flat to rolling topography, such as glaciofluvial and lacustrine deposits, moraines, and other glacial features. The soils are sandy loams, fine sands, and loamy sands, shallow to deep, and with low organic content. Soils generally have greater than 2.5% organic matter (MNNHP 1993).
Geographic Range: This jack pine forest community type is found in the upper midwestern United States in Minnesota and possibly adjacent Canada.
Nations: CA?,US
States/Provinces: MI, MN
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.687455
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: G4?
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.2 Cool Temperate Forest & Woodland Formation | F008 | 1.B.2 |
| Division | 1.B.2.Na Eastern North American Forest & Woodland Division | D008 | 1.B.2.Na |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.2.Na.6 Eastern White Pine - Jack Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Macrogroup | M159 | 1.B.2.Na.6 |
| Group | 1.B.2.Na.6.f <i>Pinus resinosa - Pinus banksiana - Quercus rubra</i> Forest & Woodland Group | G907 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
| Alliance | A3238 Jack Pine - Red Pine - Northern Pin Oak Forest & Woodland Alliance | A3238 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
| Association | CEGL002442 Jack Pine - (Red Pine) / Beaked Hazelnut Forest | CEGL002442 | 1.B.2.Na.6.f |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: = Pinus banksiana - (Pinus resinosa) / Corylus cornuta Forest (Faber-Langendoen 2001)
= Jack Pine Forest (Central Outwash Plain Section) Hazel Subtype (MNNHP 1993)
= Jack Pine Forest (Central Outwash Plain Section) Hazel Subtype (MNNHP 1993)
- Faber-Langendoen, D., editor. 2001. Plant communities of the Midwest: Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity Information, Arlington, VA. 61 pp. plus appendix (705 pp.).
- Kost, M. A., D. A. Albert, J. G. Cohen, B. S. Slaughter, R. K. Schillo, C. R. Weber, and K. A. Chapman. 2007. Natural communities of Michigan: Classification and description. Report No. 2007-21, Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing. 314 pp. [http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/reports/2007-21_Natural_Communites_of_Michigan_Classification_and_Description.pdf]
- MNNHP [Minnesota Natural Heritage Program]. 1993. Minnesota''s native vegetation: A key to natural communities. Version 1.5. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, St. Paul, MN. 110 pp.
- Midwestern Ecology Working Group of NatureServe. No date. International Ecological Classification Standard: International Vegetation Classification. Terrestrial Vegetation. NatureServe, Minneapolis, MN.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003-2005a. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota. Three volumes: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province (2003), The Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province (2005c), The Prairie Parkland and Tallgrass Aspen Parklands provinces (2005b). Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.
- Minnesota DNR [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources]. 2003. Field guide to the native plant communities of Minnesota: The Laurentian Mixed Forest Province. Ecological Land Classification Program, Minnesota County Biological Survey, and Natural Heritage and Nongame Research Program. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul.