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CEGL007546 Pinus taeda - Liriodendron tulipifera / Lindera benzoin / Carex crinita Ruderal Wet Forest
Type Concept Sentence: No Data Available
Common (Translated Scientific) Name: Loblolly Pine - Tuliptree / Northern Spicebush / Fringed Sedge Ruderal Wet Forest
Colloquial Name: Ruderal Loblolly Pine - Tuliptree Wet Forest
Hierarchy Level: Association
Type Concept: This broadly defined, successional wetland forest is dominated by Pinus taeda and Liriodendron tulipifera, but many other canopy species are usually present. Lindera benzoin is a typical shrub, and Carex crinita is a typical herb. More information is needed on the detailed floristics of this association. It develops in river floodplain alluvial terraces along streams following major disturbances such as blowdowns, logging, and agriculture.
Diagnostic Characteristics: No Data Available
Rationale for Nominal Species or Physiognomic Features: No Data Available
Classification Comments: On the Bankhead National Forest, this community was observed on previously farmed alluvial terraces along medium-sized streams. The canopy of this forest is dominated by Pinus taeda with Liriodendron tulipifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Nyssa sylvatica also present in the canopy. Midstory components include Nyssa sylvatica, Magnolia macrophylla, Carpinus caroliniana, and Ostrya virginiana. Shrubs include Hamamelis virginiana, Lindera benzoin, and Asimina parviflora. Jones et al. (1981a) describe an old-growth stand at the Boiling Springs Natural Area at the DOE Savannah River Plant (upper coastal plain, Barnwell County, South Carolina) as a "loblolly pine-bottomland hardwood stand" which has a "senescent upperstory" composed of Pinus taeda and Liriodendron tulipifera. In contrast, the analysis of common forest types at the Savannah River Plant by Jones et al. (1981b) and Jones and Churchill (1987) includes floodplain vegetation dominated by Pinus taeda and Liquidambar styraciflua.
Similar NVC Types: No Data Available
note: No Data Available
Physiognomy and Structure: No Data Available
Floristics: This successional vegetation is dominated by Pinus taeda and Liriodendron tulipifera, but many other canopy species are usually present. Lindera benzoin is a typical shrub, and Carex crinita is a typical herb. More information is needed on the detailed floristics of this association. Other woody species that may be present include Liquidambar styraciflua, Platanus occidentalis, Cornus florida, Acer rubrum, Nyssa biflora, Quercus alba, Fagus grandifolia, Morus rubra, Betula nigra, Fraxinus americana, Ilex opaca, Lindera benzoin, and Asimina parviflora. Woody species common in the Piedmont portion of the range include Aesculus sylvatica and Acer negundo. Herbaceous and woody vine species that may occur include Carex crinita, Botrychium virginianum, Eutrochium purpureum (= Eupatorium purpureum), Polystichum acrostichoides, Arundinaria gigantea, Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans, Asplenium platyneuron, Woodwardia areolata, Osmunda cinnamomea, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Actaea racemosa (= Cimicifuga racemosa), Dulichium arundinaceum, Carex albolutescens, Hypericum nudiflorum, Corydalis flavula, and others. The exotics Ligustrum sinense and Lonicera japonica commonly occur in this community. The preceding information is from the related alliance description (Weakley et al. 1998), and these floristics were included in a 1995 CCA for the "Pinus taeda - Liriodendron tulipifera / Lindera benzoin / Carex crinita Successional Forest" (1C03B020.01F), on which this association is apparently based. It is not clear where these data originated. Some of the taxa mentioned (e.g., Eutrochium purpureum) seem "suspicious" and out of place.
Apparently related vegetation from the Savannah River Site cited in Jones et al. (1981b) indicates dominance of some stands by Pinus taeda, Nyssa biflora, and Liriodendron tulipifera in the canopy, with Persea palustris, Magnolia virginiana, Acer rubrum, and Nyssa biflora in the subcanopy. Other species present include Vaccinium formosum, Viburnum nudum, Arundinaria gigantea, Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans, Mitchella repens, Osmunda cinnamomea, and Onoclea sensibilis.
Apparently related vegetation from the Savannah River Site cited in Jones et al. (1981b) indicates dominance of some stands by Pinus taeda, Nyssa biflora, and Liriodendron tulipifera in the canopy, with Persea palustris, Magnolia virginiana, Acer rubrum, and Nyssa biflora in the subcanopy. Other species present include Vaccinium formosum, Viburnum nudum, Arundinaria gigantea, Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans, Mitchella repens, Osmunda cinnamomea, and Onoclea sensibilis.
Dynamics: This is primarily a Zone IV community with a likelihood of 51-100% of flooding with intermittent periodicity for 1-2 months (12.5-25% of total) of the growing season. Flooding usually occurs in the spring.
Environmental Description: This broadly defined, successional wetland forest develops in river floodplain alluvial terraces along streams following major disturbances such as blowdowns, logging, and agriculture. This is primarily a Zone IV community with a likelihood of 51-100% of flooding with intermittent periodicity for 1-2 months (12.5-25% of total) of the growing season. Flooding usually occurs in the spring. Just as important as flooding regime in determining the species composition of this community is land-use history since this community most often develops on floodplains subjected to timbering practices.
Geographic Range: This association is known from the Cumberland Plateau, Piedmont, South Atlantic Coastal Plain, and Chesapeake Bay Lowlands. It is also probably found in the East Gulf Coastal Plain and Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain.
Nations: US
States/Provinces: AL, GA, MS, NC, SC, VA?
Plot Analysis Summary:
http://vegbank.org/natureserve/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.687114
Confidence Level: Low
Confidence Level Comments: No Data Available
Grank: GNA
Greasons: No Data Available
| Type | Name | Database Code | Classification Code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class | 1 Forest & Woodland Class | C01 | 1 |
| Subclass | 1.B Temperate & Boreal Forest & Woodland Subclass | S15 | 1.B |
| Formation | 1.B.3 Temperate Flooded & Swamp Forest Formation | F026 | 1.B.3 |
| Division | 1.B.3.Nb Southeastern North American Flooded & Swamp Forest Division | D062 | 1.B.3.Nb |
| Macrogroup | 1.B.3.Nb.90 Red Maple - Tuliptree - Sugarberry Ruderal Flooded & Swamp Forest Macrogroup | M310 | 1.B.3.Nb.90 |
| Group | 1.B.3.Nb.90.a Red Maple - Loblolly Pine - Sweetgum Ruderal Flooded & Swamp Forest Group | G553 | 1.B.3.Nb.90.a |
| Alliance | A3345 Loblolly Pine - Sweetgum Ruderal Flooded & Swamp Forest Alliance | A3345 | 1.B.3.Nb.90.a |
| Association | CEGL007546 Loblolly Pine - Tuliptree / Northern Spicebush / Fringed Sedge Ruderal Wet Forest | CEGL007546 | 1.B.3.Nb.90.a |
Concept Lineage: No Data Available
Predecessors: No Data Available
Obsolete Names: No Data Available
Obsolete Parents: No Data Available
Synonomy: ? Bottomland Hardwood - Yellow Pine (46) (USFS 1988)
? IA8c. Lowland Pine - Oak Forest (Allard 1990)
< Loblolly Pine - Hardwood: 82 (Eyre 1980)
? Loblolly pine - Swamp gum - Naked withe-rod Community (Jones et al. 1981b) [?]
? Loblolly pine-bottomland hardwood (Jones et al. 1981a)
? IA8c. Lowland Pine - Oak Forest (Allard 1990)
< Loblolly Pine - Hardwood: 82 (Eyre 1980)
? Loblolly pine - Swamp gum - Naked withe-rod Community (Jones et al. 1981b) [?]
? Loblolly pine-bottomland hardwood (Jones et al. 1981a)
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- Eyre, F. H., editor. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters, Washington, DC. 148 pp.
- Gallyoun, M., G. Meyer, A. Andreu, and W. Slocumb. 1996. Mapping vegetation communities with The Nature Conservancy''s vegetation classification system on five small national parks in the southeastern USA. Unpublished report. The Nature Conservancy, Southeast Regional Office, Conservation Science Department, Chapel Hill, NC.
- Jones, S. M., D. H. Van Lear, and S. K. Cox. 1981a. Composition and density-diameter pattern of an old-growth forest stand of the Boiling Springs Natural Area, South Carolina. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 108:347-353.
- Jones, S. M., D. H. Van Lear, and S. K. Cox. 1981b. Major forest community types of the Savannah River Plant: A field guide. USDE Savannah River Plant, National Environmental Research Park Program. Report No. SRO-NERP-9. 79 pp. plus 24 illustrations.
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- NatureServe Ecology - Southeastern United States. No date. Unpublished data. NatureServe, Durham, NC.
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- USFS [U.S. Forest Service]. 1988. Silvicultural examination and prescription field book. USDA Forest Service, Southern Region. Atlanta, GA. 35 pp.
- Weakley, A. S., K. D. Patterson, S. Landaal, M. Pyne, and others, compilers. 1998. International classification of ecological communities: Terrestrial vegetation of the Southeastern United States. Working draft of March 1998. The Nature Conservancy, Southeast Regional Office, Southern Conservation Science Department, Community Ecology Group. Chapel Hill, NC. 689 pp.
- White, Jr., R. D., and T. Govus. 2005. Vascular plant inventory and plant community classification for Kings Mountain National Military Park. NatureServe, Durham, NC. 178 pp.